EP0229230B1 - Richtmikrofonanordnung - Google Patents

Richtmikrofonanordnung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0229230B1
EP0229230B1 EP86113802A EP86113802A EP0229230B1 EP 0229230 B1 EP0229230 B1 EP 0229230B1 EP 86113802 A EP86113802 A EP 86113802A EP 86113802 A EP86113802 A EP 86113802A EP 0229230 B1 EP0229230 B1 EP 0229230B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
microphone
microphones
arrangement according
directional
microphone arrangement
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP86113802A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0229230A1 (de
Inventor
Eberhard Prof. Dr. Zwicker
Thomas Dipl.-Ing. Beckenbauer
Günther Dipl.-Ing. Beer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Priority to AT86113802T priority Critical patent/ATE53734T1/de
Publication of EP0229230A1 publication Critical patent/EP0229230A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0229230B1 publication Critical patent/EP0229230B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R25/00—Deaf-aid sets, i.e. electro-acoustic or electro-mechanical hearing aids; Electric tinnitus maskers providing an auditory perception
    • H04R25/40—Arrangements for obtaining a desired directivity characteristic
    • H04R25/407—Circuits for combining signals of a plurality of transducers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R25/00—Deaf-aid sets, i.e. electro-acoustic or electro-mechanical hearing aids; Electric tinnitus maskers providing an auditory perception
    • H04R25/40—Arrangements for obtaining a desired directivity characteristic
    • H04R25/405—Arrangements for obtaining a desired directivity characteristic by combining a plurality of transducers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R2201/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones covered by H04R1/00 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
    • H04R2201/40—Details of arrangements for obtaining desired directional characteristic by combining a number of identical transducers covered by H04R1/40 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
    • H04R2201/403—Linear arrays of transducers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R2225/00—Details of deaf aids covered by H04R25/00, not provided for in any of its subgroups
    • H04R2225/43—Signal processing in hearing aids to enhance the speech intelligibility

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a directional microphone arrangement according to the preamble of patent claim 1.
  • Such a microphone arrangement is, for example, in connection with a zoom microphone from US-A 43 99 327, US-A 44 12 097 or the attachment "Zoom-Microphone" from the magazine “Funkschau" 1980, issue 19, pages 79/80 previously known.
  • These known directional microphone arrangements always include at least three individual microphones, which according to their design already have directional effect (cardioid characteristic). Such microphones are relatively bulky, complex and expensive.
  • the already directed individual microphones are also arranged in such a way that two microphones are always aligned in the direction of the sound source, while a third microphone points away from the sound source.
  • the three already directed microphones are additively and / or subtractively connected to one another via potentiometers.
  • the signal voltage of the single microphone directed away from the sound source can be controlled to zero.
  • a 180 ° phase shifter also shifts the sound signals incident from the lateral directions by 180 ° against each other, so that they are canceled out in the adding stage.
  • Directionality now only occurs in the forward direction, ie in the direction of the sound source.
  • a directional microphone arrangement for a hearing aid which comprises at least two sets of at least two microphones, one set at the distal end of the one temple piece and the second set at the distal end of the second temple piece a pair of hearing glasses are arranged.
  • the main receiving directions of the microphones within a set are perpendicular to each other.
  • microphones are used that are already directed in advance.
  • the already directed individual microphones are additively and / or subtractively connected to one another via weighting elements.
  • the weighting elements weight the sound signals coming in from the front and from the side differently in such a way that the influence of the sound signals coming in from the sides is minimized compared to the sound signals coming in from the front. Thus there is a directivity towards the front.
  • FR-A 2 436 416 (which corresponds, for example, to US-A 4 334 740 or DE-A 2 936 082) finally also provides a directional microphone arrangement of this type for cameras which works with integrators, but whose transmission rate towards high frequencies decays, so that additional low-pass and high-pass filters (for example FIGS. 18 and 19 or also page 4, 2nd paragraph to page 5, 1st paragraph of FR-A 2 436 416 or FIGS. 18 and 19 and column) for the reconstruction of higher frequencies 3 of the corresponding US-A 4,334,740 are required.
  • additional low-pass and high-pass filters for example FIGS. 18 and 19 or also page 4, 2nd paragraph to page 5, 1st paragraph of FR-A 2 436 416 or FIGS. 18 and 19 and column
  • the object of the present invention is to build a directional microphone arrangement of the type mentioned at the outset, in particular for hearing aids, which is optimally simple and with non-directional individual microphones, e.g. Omnidirectional microphones.
  • the invention allows the use of non-directional microphones, in particular spherical microphones, together with a differentiating element which has an increasing transmission factor towards high frequencies.
  • This directional microphone arrangement does not require any further filters. It is therefore technically particularly simple, cheap and particularly suitable for the care of the hearing impaired, for whom the higher frequencies are particularly important for speech intelligibility.
  • the invention is therefore preferably used in connection with hearing aids for the hearing impaired.
  • Preferred embodiments result from claims 8 to 18.
  • three spherical microphone capsules M1, M2, M3 (for example Knowles spherical microphones) are connected in the manner shown via amplifiers 1, 2 and 3 and a differentiator 4 with adjustable basic amplification to a totalizer 5.
  • the amplifier 2 is an inverting amplifier. For this reason, the microphone signal S2 derived from the microphone M2 via the amplifier 2 is shifted in phase by 180 ° compared to the microphone signal S1 derived from the microphone M1 via the amplifier 1. This simulates a differential pressure receiver with dipole directivity.
  • the differentiator 4 works as a 90 ° phase shifter with adjustable basic gain.
  • a pronounced directional characteristic for example a hypercardioid characteristic, can be set for the overall arrangement.
  • the microphones M1 to M3 thus receive sound that is preferably incident from the direction of the arrow 6.
  • the signal S A occurring at the output of the summing unit 5 reflects the sound received from the preferred direction.
  • the second exemplary embodiment in FIG. 2 works with only two spherical microphone capsules M1 and M2.
  • the third spherical microphone capsule M3 and the amplifier 3 are therefore missing.
  • the differentiator 4 is now connected directly to the output of the amplifier 1. While the first microphone signal S1 and the second microphone signal S2 are obtained in a manner corresponding to the arrangement in FIG. 1, the third microphone signal S3 is derived from the first microphone M1. With considerably simplified technical outlay, the same result is obtained as with the exemplary embodiment in FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 3 A preferred exemplary embodiment is shown in FIG. 3.
  • This exemplary embodiment comprises a first set of two spherical microphone capsules M1, M2 on the left side of the microphone arrangement and a second set of two spherical microphone capsules M1 ' and M2' on the right side of the microphone arrangement.
  • the two spherical microphone capsules M1 'and M2' (e.g.
  • Knowles spherical microphones) on the right side of the microphone arrangement are corresponding to the spherical microphone capsules M1 and M2 on the left side of the microphone arrangement via amplifiers 1 'and 2' (inverting amplifiers) and one Differentiator 4 'with adjustable basic gain connected to a totalizer 5'.
  • the additive output signal is designated S A '.
  • the embodiment of FIG. 3 is preferably used in hearing aids for the hearing impaired, which is explained in more detail below in connection with the hearing glasses of FIG. 4.
  • the embodiment of FIG. 3 can of course also be constructed with three microphones on each side according to FIG. 1.
  • the sum generator 5 ' can consist of three adding stages, namely a first adding stage which adds the signals S1 to S3, a second adding stage which adds the signals S1' to S3 ', and a third adding stage which outputs the output signals of the first and the second adder added.
  • amplifiers 1 and 3 can also be inverting in all exemplary embodiments, while amplifier 2 is a non-inverting amplifier.
  • the inverting amplifier 2 can also be composed of a non-inverting amplifier and an inverting element.
  • FIG. 4 shows the application of the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 3 in a hearing aid in the form of hearing glasses 10.
  • the hearing glasses 10 comprise a spectacle frame 11 with the spectacle lenses 12 and 13 as well as a left spectacle temple 14 and a right spectacle temple 15. Both spectacle arms are hinged 16 and 17 hinged to the spectacle frame 11.
  • the spherical microphone pair M1, M2 is arranged in the left temple near the hinge 16. Accordingly, the second pair of spherical microphones M1 ', M2' is arranged in the right temple 15 near the hinge 17.
  • the two microphones of each microphone pair lie one behind the other in the direction of the bracket.
  • the components 1, 2, 1 ', 2', 4, 4 ', 5' embedded in the block 18 shown in dashed lines in FIG. 3 are divided into two circuit electronics blocks 19 and 20 in the embodiment in FIG.
  • the two circuit electronics blocks 19 and 20 are connected to one another via the connecting lines 21, which are passed through the spectacle arms and the spectacle frame 11 (not shown in FIG. 4), or some other type of cable guide.
  • the output signal line for the signal S A ' leads to an adder 23 in the temple 14 via a first branch line 22. Accordingly, in the other temple 15, the signal S A ' leads to an adder 25 via a further branch 24.
  • the adder 23 is connected via a signal line 26 also the microphone signal filtered in a low-pass filter 27 is fed to a further spherical microphone capsule M01.
  • the adder 25 in the second temple piece 15 receives the signal of a spherical microphone capsule M02 via the signal line 28 with a low-pass filter 29.
  • the adder 23 is connected on the output side via a signal line 30 to the input of an amplifier 31. Accordingly, the adder 25 is coupled to the input of an amplifier 33 via a signal line 32.
  • the receiver 34 for the left ear canal of a hearing impaired person is located at the output of the amplifier 31. Accordingly, the receiver 35 for the right ear canal of the hearing impaired person is located at the output of the amplifier 33.
  • the earphones are usually connected to the ear canals via hose connections and ear tips (not shown). In the exemplary embodiment in FIG. 4, the hose connection on the left is indicated by 36 and the hose connection on the right by 37. However, versions are also possible in which the listener is located in the ear canal, as is usually the case with in-the-ear hearing aids.
  • Components 38 and 39 are each a battery for power supply via supply lines 40 and 41.
  • the two microphones M01 and M02 serve as location microphones.
  • the microphone M01 is directly above the left ear and the microphone M02 above the right ear of the hearing impaired.
  • the location microphones can also be accommodated in the respective auricle.
  • the hearing impaired can locate a sound source of interest via the two location microphones M01 and M02 and turn their head with the hearing glasses in the direction of this sound source. At the directional microphone arrangement according to the present invention can then develop its full effect on the head directed towards the sound source.
  • all components including the microphones, are accommodated in the temple pieces.
  • these components can also be combined in assemblies that can be plugged into the brackets so that they are actually outside of the brackets.
  • a type of headband can also be used to hold the microphones M1, M2 and M1 'and M2'.
  • FIG. 2 An embodiment according to which a directional microphone arrangement e.g. 2 can be attached as a separate component 42 to the temple 43 of normal glasses, is shown in FIG.
  • For attachment e.g. Brackets, Velcro fasteners, adhesives, pins or the like are used.
  • the fastening means are generally indicated at 44 in FIG.
  • Elements 45 and 46 are a battery and a switch.
  • the output cable 47 comprises a plug 48 which is connected to an audio input of a conventional hearing aid, e.g. HDO device to be connected.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Neurosurgery (AREA)
  • Otolaryngology (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Circuit For Audible Band Transducer (AREA)
  • Obtaining Desirable Characteristics In Audible-Bandwidth Transducers (AREA)
  • Details Of Audible-Bandwidth Transducers (AREA)
  • Stereophonic Arrangements (AREA)
EP86113802A 1985-10-16 1986-10-06 Richtmikrofonanordnung Expired - Lifetime EP0229230B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT86113802T ATE53734T1 (de) 1985-10-16 1986-10-06 Richtmikrofonanordnung.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3536885 1985-10-16
DE3536885 1985-10-16

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0229230A1 EP0229230A1 (de) 1987-07-22
EP0229230B1 true EP0229230B1 (de) 1990-06-13

Family

ID=6283723

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP86113802A Expired - Lifetime EP0229230B1 (de) 1985-10-16 1986-10-06 Richtmikrofonanordnung

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US4712244A (da)
EP (1) EP0229230B1 (da)
JP (1) JPS6295097A (da)
AT (1) ATE53734T1 (da)
DE (2) DE8529437U1 (da)
DK (1) DK491986A (da)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0229230A1 (de) 1987-07-22
ATE53734T1 (de) 1990-06-15
JPS6295097A (ja) 1987-05-01
DE3672079D1 (de) 1990-07-19
DK491986D0 (da) 1986-10-15
DE8529437U1 (de) 1987-06-11
DK491986A (da) 1987-04-17
US4712244A (en) 1987-12-08

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