EP0229230B1 - Directional-microphone arrangement - Google Patents

Directional-microphone arrangement Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0229230B1
EP0229230B1 EP86113802A EP86113802A EP0229230B1 EP 0229230 B1 EP0229230 B1 EP 0229230B1 EP 86113802 A EP86113802 A EP 86113802A EP 86113802 A EP86113802 A EP 86113802A EP 0229230 B1 EP0229230 B1 EP 0229230B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
microphone
microphones
arrangement according
directional
microphone arrangement
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP86113802A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0229230A1 (en
Inventor
Eberhard Prof. Dr. Zwicker
Thomas Dipl.-Ing. Beckenbauer
Günther Dipl.-Ing. Beer
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Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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Priority to AT86113802T priority Critical patent/ATE53734T1/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R25/00—Deaf-aid sets, i.e. electro-acoustic or electro-mechanical hearing aids; Electric tinnitus maskers providing an auditory perception
    • H04R25/40—Arrangements for obtaining a desired directivity characteristic
    • H04R25/407—Circuits for combining signals of a plurality of transducers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R25/00—Deaf-aid sets, i.e. electro-acoustic or electro-mechanical hearing aids; Electric tinnitus maskers providing an auditory perception
    • H04R25/40—Arrangements for obtaining a desired directivity characteristic
    • H04R25/405—Arrangements for obtaining a desired directivity characteristic by combining a plurality of transducers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R2201/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones covered by H04R1/00 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
    • H04R2201/40—Details of arrangements for obtaining desired directional characteristic by combining a number of identical transducers covered by H04R1/40 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
    • H04R2201/403—Linear arrays of transducers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R2225/00—Details of deaf aids covered by H04R25/00, not provided for in any of its subgroups
    • H04R2225/43—Signal processing in hearing aids to enhance the speech intelligibility

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a directional microphone arrangement according to the preamble of patent claim 1.
  • Such a microphone arrangement is, for example, in connection with a zoom microphone from US-A 43 99 327, US-A 44 12 097 or the attachment "Zoom-Microphone" from the magazine “Funkschau" 1980, issue 19, pages 79/80 previously known.
  • These known directional microphone arrangements always include at least three individual microphones, which according to their design already have directional effect (cardioid characteristic). Such microphones are relatively bulky, complex and expensive.
  • the already directed individual microphones are also arranged in such a way that two microphones are always aligned in the direction of the sound source, while a third microphone points away from the sound source.
  • the three already directed microphones are additively and / or subtractively connected to one another via potentiometers.
  • the signal voltage of the single microphone directed away from the sound source can be controlled to zero.
  • a 180 ° phase shifter also shifts the sound signals incident from the lateral directions by 180 ° against each other, so that they are canceled out in the adding stage.
  • Directionality now only occurs in the forward direction, ie in the direction of the sound source.
  • a directional microphone arrangement for a hearing aid which comprises at least two sets of at least two microphones, one set at the distal end of the one temple piece and the second set at the distal end of the second temple piece a pair of hearing glasses are arranged.
  • the main receiving directions of the microphones within a set are perpendicular to each other.
  • microphones are used that are already directed in advance.
  • the already directed individual microphones are additively and / or subtractively connected to one another via weighting elements.
  • the weighting elements weight the sound signals coming in from the front and from the side differently in such a way that the influence of the sound signals coming in from the sides is minimized compared to the sound signals coming in from the front. Thus there is a directivity towards the front.
  • FR-A 2 436 416 (which corresponds, for example, to US-A 4 334 740 or DE-A 2 936 082) finally also provides a directional microphone arrangement of this type for cameras which works with integrators, but whose transmission rate towards high frequencies decays, so that additional low-pass and high-pass filters (for example FIGS. 18 and 19 or also page 4, 2nd paragraph to page 5, 1st paragraph of FR-A 2 436 416 or FIGS. 18 and 19 and column) for the reconstruction of higher frequencies 3 of the corresponding US-A 4,334,740 are required.
  • additional low-pass and high-pass filters for example FIGS. 18 and 19 or also page 4, 2nd paragraph to page 5, 1st paragraph of FR-A 2 436 416 or FIGS. 18 and 19 and column
  • the object of the present invention is to build a directional microphone arrangement of the type mentioned at the outset, in particular for hearing aids, which is optimally simple and with non-directional individual microphones, e.g. Omnidirectional microphones.
  • the invention allows the use of non-directional microphones, in particular spherical microphones, together with a differentiating element which has an increasing transmission factor towards high frequencies.
  • This directional microphone arrangement does not require any further filters. It is therefore technically particularly simple, cheap and particularly suitable for the care of the hearing impaired, for whom the higher frequencies are particularly important for speech intelligibility.
  • the invention is therefore preferably used in connection with hearing aids for the hearing impaired.
  • Preferred embodiments result from claims 8 to 18.
  • three spherical microphone capsules M1, M2, M3 (for example Knowles spherical microphones) are connected in the manner shown via amplifiers 1, 2 and 3 and a differentiator 4 with adjustable basic amplification to a totalizer 5.
  • the amplifier 2 is an inverting amplifier. For this reason, the microphone signal S2 derived from the microphone M2 via the amplifier 2 is shifted in phase by 180 ° compared to the microphone signal S1 derived from the microphone M1 via the amplifier 1. This simulates a differential pressure receiver with dipole directivity.
  • the differentiator 4 works as a 90 ° phase shifter with adjustable basic gain.
  • a pronounced directional characteristic for example a hypercardioid characteristic, can be set for the overall arrangement.
  • the microphones M1 to M3 thus receive sound that is preferably incident from the direction of the arrow 6.
  • the signal S A occurring at the output of the summing unit 5 reflects the sound received from the preferred direction.
  • the second exemplary embodiment in FIG. 2 works with only two spherical microphone capsules M1 and M2.
  • the third spherical microphone capsule M3 and the amplifier 3 are therefore missing.
  • the differentiator 4 is now connected directly to the output of the amplifier 1. While the first microphone signal S1 and the second microphone signal S2 are obtained in a manner corresponding to the arrangement in FIG. 1, the third microphone signal S3 is derived from the first microphone M1. With considerably simplified technical outlay, the same result is obtained as with the exemplary embodiment in FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 3 A preferred exemplary embodiment is shown in FIG. 3.
  • This exemplary embodiment comprises a first set of two spherical microphone capsules M1, M2 on the left side of the microphone arrangement and a second set of two spherical microphone capsules M1 ' and M2' on the right side of the microphone arrangement.
  • the two spherical microphone capsules M1 'and M2' (e.g.
  • Knowles spherical microphones) on the right side of the microphone arrangement are corresponding to the spherical microphone capsules M1 and M2 on the left side of the microphone arrangement via amplifiers 1 'and 2' (inverting amplifiers) and one Differentiator 4 'with adjustable basic gain connected to a totalizer 5'.
  • the additive output signal is designated S A '.
  • the embodiment of FIG. 3 is preferably used in hearing aids for the hearing impaired, which is explained in more detail below in connection with the hearing glasses of FIG. 4.
  • the embodiment of FIG. 3 can of course also be constructed with three microphones on each side according to FIG. 1.
  • the sum generator 5 ' can consist of three adding stages, namely a first adding stage which adds the signals S1 to S3, a second adding stage which adds the signals S1' to S3 ', and a third adding stage which outputs the output signals of the first and the second adder added.
  • amplifiers 1 and 3 can also be inverting in all exemplary embodiments, while amplifier 2 is a non-inverting amplifier.
  • the inverting amplifier 2 can also be composed of a non-inverting amplifier and an inverting element.
  • FIG. 4 shows the application of the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 3 in a hearing aid in the form of hearing glasses 10.
  • the hearing glasses 10 comprise a spectacle frame 11 with the spectacle lenses 12 and 13 as well as a left spectacle temple 14 and a right spectacle temple 15. Both spectacle arms are hinged 16 and 17 hinged to the spectacle frame 11.
  • the spherical microphone pair M1, M2 is arranged in the left temple near the hinge 16. Accordingly, the second pair of spherical microphones M1 ', M2' is arranged in the right temple 15 near the hinge 17.
  • the two microphones of each microphone pair lie one behind the other in the direction of the bracket.
  • the components 1, 2, 1 ', 2', 4, 4 ', 5' embedded in the block 18 shown in dashed lines in FIG. 3 are divided into two circuit electronics blocks 19 and 20 in the embodiment in FIG.
  • the two circuit electronics blocks 19 and 20 are connected to one another via the connecting lines 21, which are passed through the spectacle arms and the spectacle frame 11 (not shown in FIG. 4), or some other type of cable guide.
  • the output signal line for the signal S A ' leads to an adder 23 in the temple 14 via a first branch line 22. Accordingly, in the other temple 15, the signal S A ' leads to an adder 25 via a further branch 24.
  • the adder 23 is connected via a signal line 26 also the microphone signal filtered in a low-pass filter 27 is fed to a further spherical microphone capsule M01.
  • the adder 25 in the second temple piece 15 receives the signal of a spherical microphone capsule M02 via the signal line 28 with a low-pass filter 29.
  • the adder 23 is connected on the output side via a signal line 30 to the input of an amplifier 31. Accordingly, the adder 25 is coupled to the input of an amplifier 33 via a signal line 32.
  • the receiver 34 for the left ear canal of a hearing impaired person is located at the output of the amplifier 31. Accordingly, the receiver 35 for the right ear canal of the hearing impaired person is located at the output of the amplifier 33.
  • the earphones are usually connected to the ear canals via hose connections and ear tips (not shown). In the exemplary embodiment in FIG. 4, the hose connection on the left is indicated by 36 and the hose connection on the right by 37. However, versions are also possible in which the listener is located in the ear canal, as is usually the case with in-the-ear hearing aids.
  • Components 38 and 39 are each a battery for power supply via supply lines 40 and 41.
  • the two microphones M01 and M02 serve as location microphones.
  • the microphone M01 is directly above the left ear and the microphone M02 above the right ear of the hearing impaired.
  • the location microphones can also be accommodated in the respective auricle.
  • the hearing impaired can locate a sound source of interest via the two location microphones M01 and M02 and turn their head with the hearing glasses in the direction of this sound source. At the directional microphone arrangement according to the present invention can then develop its full effect on the head directed towards the sound source.
  • all components including the microphones, are accommodated in the temple pieces.
  • these components can also be combined in assemblies that can be plugged into the brackets so that they are actually outside of the brackets.
  • a type of headband can also be used to hold the microphones M1, M2 and M1 'and M2'.
  • FIG. 2 An embodiment according to which a directional microphone arrangement e.g. 2 can be attached as a separate component 42 to the temple 43 of normal glasses, is shown in FIG.
  • For attachment e.g. Brackets, Velcro fasteners, adhesives, pins or the like are used.
  • the fastening means are generally indicated at 44 in FIG.
  • Elements 45 and 46 are a battery and a switch.
  • the output cable 47 comprises a plug 48 which is connected to an audio input of a conventional hearing aid, e.g. HDO device to be connected.

Abstract

A directional microphone arrangement has a number of discrete microphones each having an electrical output and elements for deriving first and second electrical signals which are 180 DEG out of phase with respect to each other from the outputs of the microphones. A third signal is also derived through differentiation from one of the microphone outputs which is 90 DEG out of phase with respect to one of the first or second signals. All of the first, second and third signals are added in a summing unit, the output of the summing unit forming the output for the arrangement.

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Richtmikrofonanordnung gemäß Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1.The invention relates to a directional microphone arrangement according to the preamble of patent claim 1.

Eine solche Mikrofonanordnung ist beispielsweise in Verbindung mit einem Zoom-Mikrofon aus der US-A 43 99 327, US-A 44 12 097 oder dem Aufsatz "Zoom-Mikrofon" aus der Zeitschrift "Funkschau" 1980, Heft 19, Seiten 79/80 vorbekannt. Diese bekannten Richtmikrofonanordnungen umfassen jeweils immer wenigstens drei Einzelmikrofone, die ihrer Ausbildung nach bereits schon Richtwirkung (Nierencharakteristik) aufweisen. Solche Mikrofone sind relativ sperrig, komplex und teuer. Die bereits gerichteten Einzelmikrofone sind auch so angeordnet, daß jeweils immer zwei Mikrofone in Richtung auf die Schallquelle ausgerichtet sind, während ein drittes Mikrofon von der Schallquelle wegweist. Die drei bereits gerichteten Mikrofone sind miteinander über Potentiometer additiv und/oder subtraktiv verbunden. Mit Hilfe der Potentiometer kann die Signalspannung des von der Schallquelle weggerichteten Einzelmikrofons auf Null gesteuert werden. Ein 180°-Phasenschieber versetzt außerdem die aus den Seitenrichtungen einfallenden Schallsignale um 180° gegeneinander, so daß diese in der Addierstufe ausgelöscht werden. Richtwirkung tritt jetzt nur noch nach vorne, d.h. in Richtung auf die Schallquelle, auf.Such a microphone arrangement is, for example, in connection with a zoom microphone from US-A 43 99 327, US-A 44 12 097 or the attachment "Zoom-Microphone" from the magazine "Funkschau" 1980, issue 19, pages 79/80 previously known. These known directional microphone arrangements always include at least three individual microphones, which according to their design already have directional effect (cardioid characteristic). Such microphones are relatively bulky, complex and expensive. The already directed individual microphones are also arranged in such a way that two microphones are always aligned in the direction of the sound source, while a third microphone points away from the sound source. The three already directed microphones are additively and / or subtractively connected to one another via potentiometers. With the help of the potentiometer, the signal voltage of the single microphone directed away from the sound source can be controlled to zero. A 180 ° phase shifter also shifts the sound signals incident from the lateral directions by 180 ° against each other, so that they are canceled out in the adding stage. Directionality now only occurs in the forward direction, ie in the direction of the sound source.

Durch die DE-A 2 236 968 ist auch noch eine Richtmikrofonanordnung für ein Hörgerät vorbekannt, die wenigstens zwei Sätze von wenigstens je zwei Mikrofonen umfaßt, von denen der eine Satz am distalen Ende des einen Brillenbügels und der zweite Satz am distalen Ende des zweiten Brillenbügels einer Hörbrille angeordnet sind. Die Mikrofone innerhalb eines Satzes stehen mit ihren Hauptempfangsrichtungen senkrecht aufeinander. Auch hier werden also Mikrofone eingesetzt, die bereits vorab gerichtet sind. Die bereits gerichteten Einzelmikrofone sind über Gewichtungsglieder additiv und/oder subtraktiv miteinander verbunden. Die Gewichtungsglieder gewichten die von vorne und von den Seiten einfallenden Schallsignale unterschiedlich in der Weise, daß der Einfluß der von den Seiten einfallenden Schallsignale gegenüber den von vorne einfallenden Schallsignalen auf ein Minimum herabgesetzt wird. Somit tritt Richtwirkung nach vorne auf.From DE-A 2 236 968 a directional microphone arrangement for a hearing aid is also known, which comprises at least two sets of at least two microphones, one set at the distal end of the one temple piece and the second set at the distal end of the second temple piece a pair of hearing glasses are arranged. The main receiving directions of the microphones within a set are perpendicular to each other. Here, too, microphones are used that are already directed in advance. The already directed individual microphones are additively and / or subtractively connected to one another via weighting elements. The weighting elements weight the sound signals coming in from the front and from the side differently in such a way that the influence of the sound signals coming in from the sides is minimized compared to the sound signals coming in from the front. Thus there is a directivity towards the front.

Durch die FR-A 2 436 416 (die z.B. der US-A 4 334 740 oder DE-A 2 936 082 entspricht) ist schließlich noch eine Richtmikrofonanordnung dieser Art für Kameras vorbekannt, die mit Integrierem arbeitet, deren Übertragungsmaß aber zu hohen Frequenzen hin abklingt, so daß zur Rekonstruktion höherer Frequenzen zusätzliche Tiefpaß-und Hochpaßfilter (z.B. Figuren 18 und 19 bzw. auch Seite 4, 2. Absatz bis Seite 5, 1. Absatz der FR-A 2 436 416 bzw. Figuren 18 und 19 sowie Spalte 3 der korrespondierenden US-A 4 334 740 erforderlich sind.FR-A 2 436 416 (which corresponds, for example, to US-A 4 334 740 or DE-A 2 936 082) finally also provides a directional microphone arrangement of this type for cameras which works with integrators, but whose transmission rate towards high frequencies decays, so that additional low-pass and high-pass filters (for example FIGS. 18 and 19 or also page 4, 2nd paragraph to page 5, 1st paragraph of FR-A 2 436 416 or FIGS. 18 and 19 and column) for the reconstruction of higher frequencies 3 of the corresponding US-A 4,334,740 are required.

Aufgabe vorliegender Erfindung ist es, eine Richtmikrofonanordnung der eingangs genannten Art insbesondere für Hörgeräte aufzubauen, die optimal einfach ist und mit nicht gerichteten Einzelmikrofonen, z.B. Kugelmikrofonen, ausgerüstet ist.The object of the present invention is to build a directional microphone arrangement of the type mentioned at the outset, in particular for hearing aids, which is optimally simple and with non-directional individual microphones, e.g. Omnidirectional microphones.

Die Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß mit den kennzeichnenden Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 gelöst.The object is achieved with the characterizing features of claim 1.

Die Erfindung erlaubt den Einsatz nicht gerichteter Mikrofone, insbesondere Kugelmikrofone, zusammen mit einem Differenzierglied, das zu hohen Frequenzen hin ein ansteigendes Übertragungsmaß aufweist. Diese Richtmikrofonanordnung benötigt keine weiteren Filter. Sie ist demnach technisch besonders einfach, billig und insbesondere für die Versorgung von Schwerhörigen, bei denen die höheren Frequenzen für die Sprachverständlichkeit besonders wichtig sind, geeignet.The invention allows the use of non-directional microphones, in particular spherical microphones, together with a differentiating element which has an increasing transmission factor towards high frequencies. This directional microphone arrangement does not require any further filters. It is therefore technically particularly simple, cheap and particularly suitable for the care of the hearing impaired, for whom the higher frequencies are particularly important for speech intelligibility.

Eine besonders scharfe Richtwirkung erhält man mit einer Richtmikrofonanordnung, die gemäß den Merkmalen des Patentanspruchs 5 ausgestaltet ist. In diesem Falle werden zwei Hypernierensignale addiert, so daß die Gesamtrichtwirkung noch schärfer wird.A particularly sharp directional effect is obtained with a directional microphone arrangement which is designed in accordance with the features of patent claim 5. In this case, two hypercardioid signals are added, so that the overall directivity becomes even sharper.

Die Erfindung wird also bevorzugt in Verbindung mit Hörgeräten für Hörgeschädigte eingesetzt. Bevorzugte Ausgestaltungen ergeben sich aus den Patentansprüchen 8 bis 18.The invention is therefore preferably used in connection with hearing aids for the hearing impaired. Preferred embodiments result from claims 8 to 18.

Weitere Vorteile und Einzelheiten der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung von Ausführungsbeispielen anhand der Zeichnung und in Verbindung mit den Unteransprüchen.Further advantages and details of the invention emerge from the following description of exemplary embodiments with reference to the drawing and in conjunction with the subclaims.

Es zeigen:

  • Figur 1 ein erstes Ausführungsbeispiel einer Mikrofonanordnung gemäß der Erfindung mit drei Mikrofonen,
  • Figur 2 ein zweites Ausführungsbeispiel einer Richtmikrofonanordnung gemäß der Erfindung mit zwei Mikrofonen,
  • Figur 3 eine Richtmikrofonanordnung gemäß der Erfindung mit zwei symmetrisch zueinander angeordneten Sätzen aus je zwei Mikrofonen,
  • Figur 4 das Ausführungsbeispiel der Figur 3 bei Anordnung als Teil eines Hörgerätes in einer Hörbrille und
  • Figur 5 eine Ausführungsform von Figur 1 oder 2 für bereits vorhandene Hörgeräte.
Show it:
  • FIG. 1 shows a first exemplary embodiment of a microphone arrangement according to the invention with three microphones,
  • FIG. 2 shows a second exemplary embodiment of a directional microphone arrangement according to the invention with two microphones,
  • 3 shows a directional microphone arrangement according to the invention with two sets of two microphones arranged symmetrically to one another,
  • Figure 4 shows the embodiment of Figure 3 when arranged as part of a hearing aid in hearing glasses and
  • Figure 5 shows an embodiment of Figure 1 or 2 for existing hearing aids.

In der Figur 1 sind drei Kugelmikrofon-Kapseln M1, M2, M3 (beispielsweise Knowles-Kugelmikrofone) in der dargestellten Weise über Verstärker 1, 2 und 3 sowie ein Differenzierglied 4 mit einstellbarer Grundverstärkung mit einem Summenbildner 5 verbunden. Der Verstärker 2 ist ein invertierender Verstärker. Aus diesem Grunde ist das vom Mikrofon M2 über den Verstärker 2 abgeleitete Mikrofonsignal S2 gegenüber dem vom Mikrofon M1 über den Verstärker 1 abgeleiteten Mikrofonsignal S1 um 180° in der Phase verschoben. Damit wird ein Druckdifferenzempfänger mit Dipolrichtcharakteristik nachgebildet. Das Differenzierglied 4 arbeitet als 90°-Phasenschieber mit einstellbarer Grundverstärkung. Durch die Überlagerung des Ausgangssignals S3 des Differenziergliedes 4 mit den Signalen S1 und S2 läßt sich bei geeigneter Wahl der Grundverstärkung des Differenziergliedes eine ausgeprägte Richtcharakteristik, z.B. Hypernierencharakteristik, für die Gesamtanordnung einstellen.In FIG. 1, three spherical microphone capsules M1, M2, M3 (for example Knowles spherical microphones) are connected in the manner shown via amplifiers 1, 2 and 3 and a differentiator 4 with adjustable basic amplification to a totalizer 5. The amplifier 2 is an inverting amplifier. For this reason, the microphone signal S2 derived from the microphone M2 via the amplifier 2 is shifted in phase by 180 ° compared to the microphone signal S1 derived from the microphone M1 via the amplifier 1. This simulates a differential pressure receiver with dipole directivity. The differentiator 4 works as a 90 ° phase shifter with adjustable basic gain. By superimposing the output signal S3 of the differentiating element 4 with the signals S1 and S2, with a suitable choice of the basic gain of the differentiating element, a pronounced directional characteristic, for example a hypercardioid characteristic, can be set for the overall arrangement.

Die Mikrofone M1 bis M3 empfangen also Schall, der bevorzugt aus der Richtung des Richtungspfeiles 6 einfällt. Das am Ausgang des Summenbildners 5 anfallende Signal SA spiegelt den aus der bevorzugten Richtung empfangenen Schall wieder.The microphones M1 to M3 thus receive sound that is preferably incident from the direction of the arrow 6. The signal S A occurring at the output of the summing unit 5 reflects the sound received from the preferred direction.

Das zweite Ausführungsbeispiel der Figur 2 arbeitet mit nur zwei Kugelmikrofon-Kapseln M1 und M2. Im Vergleich mit dem Ausführungsbeispiel der Figur 1 fehlen also die dritte Kugelmikrofon-Kapsel M3 und der Verstärker 3. Das Differenzierglied 4 ist jetzt direkt am Ausgang des Verstärkers 1 angeschaltet. Während das erste Mikrofonsignal S1 und das zweite Mikrofonsignal S2 in einer der Anordnung der Figur 1 entsprechenden Weise gewonnen werden, wird das dritte Mikrofonsignal S3 vom ersten Mikrofon M1 abgeleitet. Mit erheblich vereinfachtem technischem Aufwand ergibt sich dasselbe Ergebnis wie mit dem Ausführungsbeispiel der Figur 1.The second exemplary embodiment in FIG. 2 works with only two spherical microphone capsules M1 and M2. In comparison with the exemplary embodiment in FIG. 1, the third spherical microphone capsule M3 and the amplifier 3 are therefore missing. The differentiator 4 is now connected directly to the output of the amplifier 1. While the first microphone signal S1 and the second microphone signal S2 are obtained in a manner corresponding to the arrangement in FIG. 1, the third microphone signal S3 is derived from the first microphone M1. With considerably simplified technical outlay, the same result is obtained as with the exemplary embodiment in FIG. 1.

Eine noch schärfere Richtcharakteristik erhält man, wenn man zwei unabhängig voneinander durch Richtmikrofonanordnungen gemäß der Figuren 1 oder 2 erzeugte Hypernierensignale addiert. Ein bevorzugtes Ausführungsbeispiel zeigt die Figur 3. Dieses Ausführungsbeispiel umfaßt einen ersten Satz aus zwei Kugelmikrofon-Kapseln M1, M2 auf der linken Seite der Mikrofonanordnung und einen zweiten Satz aus zwei Kugelmikrofon-Kapseln M1' und M2' auf der rechten Seite der Mikrofonanordnung. Die beiden Kugelmikrofon-Kapseln M1' und M2' (z.B. Knowles-Kugelmikrofone) auf der rechten Seite der Mikrofonanordnung sind entsprechend den Kugelmikrofon-Kapseln M1 und M2 auf der linken Seite der Mikrofonanordnung über Verstärker 1' und 2' (invertierende Verstärker) sowie ein Differenzierglied 4' mit einstellbarer Grundverstärkung mit einem Summenbildner 5' verbunden. Das additive Ausgangssignal ist mit SA' bezeichnet. Die Ausführungsform der Figur 3 wird bevorzugt in Hörgeräten für Hörgeschädigte eingesetzt, was weiter unten in Verbindung mit der Hörbrille der Figur 4 noch näher erläutert wird.An even sharper directional characteristic is obtained if two hypercardioid signals generated independently of one another by directional microphone arrangements according to FIGS. 1 or 2 are added. A preferred exemplary embodiment is shown in FIG. 3. This exemplary embodiment comprises a first set of two spherical microphone capsules M1, M2 on the left side of the microphone arrangement and a second set of two spherical microphone capsules M1 ' and M2' on the right side of the microphone arrangement. The two spherical microphone capsules M1 'and M2' (e.g. Knowles spherical microphones) on the right side of the microphone arrangement are corresponding to the spherical microphone capsules M1 and M2 on the left side of the microphone arrangement via amplifiers 1 'and 2' (inverting amplifiers) and one Differentiator 4 'with adjustable basic gain connected to a totalizer 5'. The additive output signal is designated S A '. The embodiment of FIG. 3 is preferably used in hearing aids for the hearing impaired, which is explained in more detail below in connection with the hearing glasses of FIG. 4.

Das Ausführungsbeispiel der Figur 3 kann selbstverständlich auch mit drei Mikrofonen auf jeder Seite entsprechend Figur 1 aufgebaut werden. Der Summenbildner 5' kann aus drei Addierstufen bestehen, nämlich einer ersten Addierstufe, die die Signale S1 bis S3 addiert, und einer zweiten Addierstufe, die die Signale S1' bis S3' addiert, sowie einer dritten Addierstufe, die die Ausgangssignale der ersten und der zweiten Addierstufe addiert. Vom Prinzip her können in sämtlichen Ausführungsbeispielen auch die Verstärker 1 bzw. 3 invertierend ausgebildet sein, während der Verstärker 2 ein nicht invertierender Verstärker ist. Der invertierende Verstärker 2 kann ferner aus einem nicht invertierenden Verstärker und einem Invertierglied zusammengesetzt sein. Eine weitere Möglichkeit ist, daß der Verstärker 2 nicht invertierend ist und der Summenbildner 5 bzw. 5' einen invertierenden Eingang (oder Subtrahiereingang) für das Mikrofonsignal S2 umfaßt. Die Figur 4 zeigt die Anwendung des Ausführungsbeispiels der Figur 3 in einem Hörgerät in Form einer Hörbrille 10. Die Hörbrille 10 umfaßt eine Brillenfassung 11 mit den Brillengläsern 12 und 13 sowie einem linken Brillenbügel 14 und einem rechten Brillenbügel 15. Beide Brillenbügel sind mittels Scharniere 16 und 17 an der Brillenfassung 11 angelenkt. Das Kugelmikrofon-Paar M1, M2 ist im linken Brillenbügel in der Nähe des Scharniers 16 angeordnet. Entsprechend ist das zweite Kugelmikrofon-Paar M1', M2' im rechten Brillenbügel 15 in der Nähe des Scharniers 17 angeordnet. Die beiden Mikrofone eines jeden Mikrofon-Paares liegen in Richtung des Bügels hintereinander. Der Abstand zwischen den Mikrofonen liegt im Bereich d = 3 - 7, vorzugsweise 5 mm. Die gemäß der Figur 3 im gestrichelt dargestellten Block 18 eingebetteten Bauelemente 1, 2, 1', 2', 4, 4', 5' sind in der Ausführungsform der Figur 4 auf zwei Schaltungselektronikblöcke 19 und 20 aufgeteilt.The embodiment of FIG. 3 can of course also be constructed with three microphones on each side according to FIG. 1. The sum generator 5 'can consist of three adding stages, namely a first adding stage which adds the signals S1 to S3, a second adding stage which adds the signals S1' to S3 ', and a third adding stage which outputs the output signals of the first and the second adder added. In principle, amplifiers 1 and 3 can also be inverting in all exemplary embodiments, while amplifier 2 is a non-inverting amplifier. The inverting amplifier 2 can also be composed of a non-inverting amplifier and an inverting element. Another possibility is that the amplifier 2 is non-inverting and the sum generator 5 or 5 ' comprises an inverting input (or subtracting input) for the microphone signal S2. FIG. 4 shows the application of the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 3 in a hearing aid in the form of hearing glasses 10. The hearing glasses 10 comprise a spectacle frame 11 with the spectacle lenses 12 and 13 as well as a left spectacle temple 14 and a right spectacle temple 15. Both spectacle arms are hinged 16 and 17 hinged to the spectacle frame 11. The spherical microphone pair M1, M2 is arranged in the left temple near the hinge 16. Accordingly, the second pair of spherical microphones M1 ', M2' is arranged in the right temple 15 near the hinge 17. The two microphones of each microphone pair lie one behind the other in the direction of the bracket. The distance between the microphones is in the range d = 3-7, preferably 5 mm. The components 1, 2, 1 ', 2', 4, 4 ', 5' embedded in the block 18 shown in dashed lines in FIG. 3 are divided into two circuit electronics blocks 19 and 20 in the embodiment in FIG.

Die beiden Schaltungselektronikblöcke 19 und 20 sind über die Verbindungsleitungen 21, die durch die Brillenbügel und die Brillenfassung 11 hindurchgeführt sind (in Figur 4 nicht dargestellt), oder eine andersartige Kabelführung miteinander verbunden. Die Ausgangssignalleitung für das Signal SA' führt im Brillenbügel 14 über eine erste Zweigleitung 22 zu einem Addierglied 23. Entsprechend führt im anderen Brillenbügel 15 das Signal SA' über eine weitere Zweigleitung 24 zu einem Addierglied 25. Dem Addierglied 23 wird über eine Signalleitung 26 auch noch das in einem Tiefpaß 27 gefilterte Mikrofonsignal einer weiteren Kugelmikrofon-Kapsel M01 zugeleitet. Entsprechend empfängt das Addierglied 25 im zweiten Brillenbügel 15 über die Signalleitung 28 mit einem Tiefpaß 29 das Signal einer Kugelmikrofon-Kapsel M02. Das Addierglied 23 ist ausgangsseitig über eine Signalleitung 30 mit dem Eingang eines Verstärkers 31 verbunden. Entsprechend ist das Addierglied 25 über eine Signalleitung 32 mit dem Eingang eines Verstärkers 33 gekoppelt. Am Ausgang des Verstärkers 31 liegt der Hörer 34 für den linken Ohrkanal eines Hörgeschädigten. Entsprechend liegt am Ausgang des Verstärkers 33 der Hörer 35 für den rechten Ohrkanal des Hörgeschädigten. Die Hörer werden üblicherweise über Schlauchanschlüsse und Ohroliven (nicht dargestellt) mit den Ohrkanälen verbunden. Im Ausführungsbeispiel der Figur 4 ist der linksseitige Schlauchanschluß mit 36 und der rechtsseitige Schlauchanschluß mit 37 angedeutet. Es sind aber auch Ausführungen möglich, bei denen sich der Hörer jeweils im Ohrkanal befindet, wie dies bei Im-Ohr-Hörgeräten üblicherweise der Fall ist. Die Bauelemente 38 und 39 sind je eine Batterie zur Stromversorgung über Versorgungsleitungen 40 und 41.The two circuit electronics blocks 19 and 20 are connected to one another via the connecting lines 21, which are passed through the spectacle arms and the spectacle frame 11 (not shown in FIG. 4), or some other type of cable guide. The output signal line for the signal S A 'leads to an adder 23 in the temple 14 via a first branch line 22. Accordingly, in the other temple 15, the signal S A ' leads to an adder 25 via a further branch 24. The adder 23 is connected via a signal line 26 also the microphone signal filtered in a low-pass filter 27 is fed to a further spherical microphone capsule M01. Correspondingly, the adder 25 in the second temple piece 15 receives the signal of a spherical microphone capsule M02 via the signal line 28 with a low-pass filter 29. The adder 23 is connected on the output side via a signal line 30 to the input of an amplifier 31. Accordingly, the adder 25 is coupled to the input of an amplifier 33 via a signal line 32. The receiver 34 for the left ear canal of a hearing impaired person is located at the output of the amplifier 31. Accordingly, the receiver 35 for the right ear canal of the hearing impaired person is located at the output of the amplifier 33. The earphones are usually connected to the ear canals via hose connections and ear tips (not shown). In the exemplary embodiment in FIG. 4, the hose connection on the left is indicated by 36 and the hose connection on the right by 37. However, versions are also possible in which the listener is located in the ear canal, as is usually the case with in-the-ear hearing aids. Components 38 and 39 are each a battery for power supply via supply lines 40 and 41.

Die beiden Mikrofone M01 und M02 dienen als Ortungsmikrofone. Bei aufgesetzter Hörbrille liegt das Mikrofon M01 direkt über dem linken Ohr und das Mikrofon M02 über dem rechten Ohr des Hörgeschädigten. Die Ortungsmikrofone können aber durchaus auch in der jeweiligen Ohrmuschel untergebracht sein. Der Hörgeschädigte kann über die beiden Ortungsmikrofone M01 und M02 eine interessierende Schallquelle orten und den Kopf mit der Hörbrille in Richtung dieser Schallquelle drehen. Bei auf die Schallquelle gerichtetem Kopf kann dann die Richtmikrofonanordnung gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung ihre Wirkung voll entfalten.The two microphones M01 and M02 serve as location microphones. When the hearing glasses are on, the microphone M01 is directly above the left ear and the microphone M02 above the right ear of the hearing impaired. However, the location microphones can also be accommodated in the respective auricle. The hearing impaired can locate a sound source of interest via the two location microphones M01 and M02 and turn their head with the hearing glasses in the direction of this sound source. At the directional microphone arrangement according to the present invention can then develop its full effect on the head directed towards the sound source.

Im Ausfuhrungsbeispiel der Figur 4 Sind sämtliche Bauelemente einschließlich der Mikrofone in den Brillenbügeln untergebracht. Selbstverständlich können diese Bauelemente auch in Baugruppen zusammengefaßt werden, die an den Bügeln ansteckbar sind, so daß sie sich tatsächlich außerhalb der Bügel befinden. Anstelle einer Brille kann auch eine Art Kopfbügel zum Halten der Mikrofone M1, M2 und M1' sowie M2' verwendet werden.In the exemplary embodiment in FIG. 4, all components, including the microphones, are accommodated in the temple pieces. Of course, these components can also be combined in assemblies that can be plugged into the brackets so that they are actually outside of the brackets. Instead of glasses, a type of headband can also be used to hold the microphones M1, M2 and M1 'and M2'.

Ein Ausführungsbeispiel, wonach eine Richtmikrofonanordnung z.B. gemäß Figur 2 als getrenntes Bauteil 42 am Brillenbügel 43 einer normalen Brille befestigbar ist, ist in der Figur 5 dargestellt. Zur Befestigung können z.B. Klammern, Klettverschlüsse, Klebstoffe, Ansteckstifte oder dergleichen dienen. In Figur 5 sind die Befestigungsmittel ganz allgemein mit 44 angedeutet. Die Elemente 45 und 46 sind eine Batterie und ein Schalter. Das Ausgangskabel 47 umfaßt einen Stecker 48, der an einem Audioeingang eines konventionellen Hörgerätes, z.B. HDO-Gerätes, anzuschließen ist.An embodiment according to which a directional microphone arrangement e.g. 2 can be attached as a separate component 42 to the temple 43 of normal glasses, is shown in FIG. For attachment, e.g. Brackets, Velcro fasteners, adhesives, pins or the like are used. The fastening means are generally indicated at 44 in FIG. Elements 45 and 46 are a battery and a switch. The output cable 47 comprises a plug 48 which is connected to an audio input of a conventional hearing aid, e.g. HDO device to be connected.

Claims (17)

1. Directional microphone arrangement with a predeterminable number of individual microphones determinable in advance which are additively and/or subtractively combined using a phase shifting arrangement, characterised in that three electrical microphone signals (S1, S2, S3) can be derived from at least two nondirectional microphones (M1, M2), of which signals two (S1, S2) are shifted in phase by 180° with respect to one another and the third signal (S3) is shifted by 90° in phase in relation to one of the two other signals by means of a differentiating element (4) and in that there is a summation means (5 or 8, 9) for the three microphone signals.
2. Directional microphone arrangement according to claim 1, characterised in that the first microphone signal (S1) is derived from a first microphone (M1) via a non-inverting amplifier (1) and the second microphone signal (S2) is derived from a second microphone (M2) via an inverting amplifier (2), with the result that the two signals are shifted in phase by 180° in relation to one another
3. Directional microphone arrangement according to claim 2, characterised in that the third microphone signal (S3) is derived from a third microphone (M3) via a non-inverting amplifier (3), in series with which is connected a differentiating element (4) with a variable primary gain, said third microphone being arranged, for example, between the first microphone (M1) and the second microphone (M2).
4. Directional microphone arrangement according to claim 2, characterised in that the third microphone signal (S3) is derived by differentiation of the first microphone signal (S1) in a differentiating element (4) with a variable primary gain.
5. Directional microphone arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that at least two sets of at least two microphones in each case (M1, M2; M1', M2') are arranged diametrically opposite one another and in that three electrical signals (S1, S2, S3 or S1', S2', S3') can be derived in each case from each set of microphones, of which two signals (S1, S2, or S1', S2') in each case have opposite phase relation and the third signal (S3 or S3') is shifted in phase by 90° in relation to the other signals by means of a respective differentiating element (4 or 4') and in that there is a summation means (5') for the six microphone signals from the two sets of microphones.
6. Directional microphone arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the individual microphones (M1, M2 or M1', M2') are non- directional microphones.
7. Directional microphone arrangement according to claim 6, characterised in that the non-directional microphones are sub-miniature non-directional microphones.
8.. Directional microphone arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterised in that for use in a hearing aid, the individual microphones (M1, M2 or Mi', M2') are disposed on a frame (10) which a person with impaired hearing may wear on the head.
9. Directional microphone arrangement according to claims 5 and 8, characterised in that the frame (10) is a pair of spectacles and in that the first set of at least two individual microphones (M1, M2) is located in or on the first sidepiece of the spectacles (14) and the second set of at least two individual microphones (Mi', M2') is located in or on the second sidepiece of the spectacles (15).
10. Directional microphone arrangement according to claim 9, characterised in that the individual microphones of each set are disposed one behind the other in or on the sidepieces (14, 15) of the spectacles.
11. Directional microphone arrangement according to claim 9 or 10, characterised in that the individual microphones of each set are arranged at the distal ends of the spectacles sidepieces (14, 15) close to the hinges (16, 17) of the spectacles.
12. Directional microphone arrangement according to claim 10 or 11, characterised in that the individual microphones of each set are disposed spaced apart from one another with a spacing in the range of 3 to 7 mm, preferably 5 mm.
13. Directional microphone arrangement according to one of claims 8 to 12, characterised in that the output signals (SA, SA', SA") of the summation means (5, 5', 8, 9, 49) supply one ear only or both ears of the person with impaired hearing.
14. Directional microphone arrangement according to claim 8, characterised in that the individual microphones (M1, M2 or M1, M2, M3) including the necessary electronic equipment (1, 2, 4, 5 or 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 1, 2, 3, 7, 8, 9, or 1, 2, 7, 8, 9,) and a current supply source (45) are accommodated in a separate housing (42) detachably secured to any frame (43) wearable on the head of the person with impaired hearing.
15. Directional microphone arrangement according to claim 14, characterised in that the frame (43) is the sidepiece of a pair of spectacles.
16. Directional microphone arrangement according to claim 14 or 15, characterised in that clamps, burr closures, adhesives, plug connectors or the like serve as fastening means to the housing (42).
17. Directional microphone arrangement according to one of claims 14 to 16, characterised in that the housing (42) encloses an output cable (47) with a plug connector (48) which allows the output signal (SA', SA") of the directional microphone arrangement to be supplied via an audio input to a commercially available hearing aid.
EP86113802A 1985-10-16 1986-10-06 Directional-microphone arrangement Expired - Lifetime EP0229230B1 (en)

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AT86113802T ATE53734T1 (en) 1985-10-16 1986-10-06 DIRECTIONAL MIC ARRANGEMENT.

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DE3536885 1985-10-16

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EP0229230A1 EP0229230A1 (en) 1987-07-22
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AT (1) ATE53734T1 (en)
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JPS5964994A (en) * 1982-10-05 1984-04-13 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd Microphone device
JPS5967797A (en) * 1982-10-12 1984-04-17 Nippon Columbia Co Ltd Microphone device
JPS59149494A (en) * 1983-02-16 1984-08-27 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd Microphone device

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3672079D1 (en) 1990-07-19
DE8529437U1 (en) 1987-06-11
EP0229230A1 (en) 1987-07-22
DK491986A (en) 1987-04-17
US4712244A (en) 1987-12-08
JPS6295097A (en) 1987-05-01
DK491986D0 (en) 1986-10-15
ATE53734T1 (en) 1990-06-15

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