EP0229230A1 - Dispositif microphonique directif - Google Patents

Dispositif microphonique directif Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0229230A1
EP0229230A1 EP86113802A EP86113802A EP0229230A1 EP 0229230 A1 EP0229230 A1 EP 0229230A1 EP 86113802 A EP86113802 A EP 86113802A EP 86113802 A EP86113802 A EP 86113802A EP 0229230 A1 EP0229230 A1 EP 0229230A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
microphones
microphone
arrangement according
directional microphone
microphone arrangement
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP86113802A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0229230B1 (fr
Inventor
Eberhard Prof. Dr. Zwicker
Thomas Dipl.-Ing. Beckenbauer
Günther Dipl.-Ing. Beer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Priority to AT86113802T priority Critical patent/ATE53734T1/de
Publication of EP0229230A1 publication Critical patent/EP0229230A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0229230B1 publication Critical patent/EP0229230B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R25/00—Deaf-aid sets, i.e. electro-acoustic or electro-mechanical hearing aids; Electric tinnitus maskers providing an auditory perception
    • H04R25/40—Arrangements for obtaining a desired directivity characteristic
    • H04R25/407—Circuits for combining signals of a plurality of transducers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R25/00—Deaf-aid sets, i.e. electro-acoustic or electro-mechanical hearing aids; Electric tinnitus maskers providing an auditory perception
    • H04R25/40—Arrangements for obtaining a desired directivity characteristic
    • H04R25/405—Arrangements for obtaining a desired directivity characteristic by combining a plurality of transducers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R2201/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones covered by H04R1/00 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
    • H04R2201/40—Details of arrangements for obtaining desired directional characteristic by combining a number of identical transducers covered by H04R1/40 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
    • H04R2201/403—Linear arrays of transducers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R2225/00—Details of deaf aids covered by H04R25/00, not provided for in any of its subgroups
    • H04R2225/43—Signal processing in hearing aids to enhance the speech intelligibility

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a directional microphone arrangement according to the preamble of patent claim 1.
  • Such a microphone arrangement is, for example, in connection with a zoom microphone from US Pat. No. 4,399,327, US Pat. No. 4,412,097 or the article "Zoom Microphone” from the magazine “Funkschau” 1980, No. 19, pages 79/80 previously known.
  • These known directional microphone arrangements always include at least three individual microphones, which according to their design already have directional effect (cardioid characteristic). Such microphones are relatively bulky, complex and expensive.
  • the already directed individual microphones are also arranged such that two microphones are always aligned in the direction of the sound source, while a third microphone points away from the sound source.
  • the three already directed microphones are additively and / or subtractively connected to one another via potentiometers.
  • the signal voltage of the single microphone directed away from the sound source can be controlled to zero.
  • a 180 ° phase shifter also shifts the sound signals incident from the lateral directions by 180 ° against each other, so that they are canceled out in the adding stage. Directionality now only comes forward, i.e. towards the sound source.
  • DE-OS 22 36 968 also discloses a directional microphone arrangement for a hearing aid, which comprises at least two sets of at least two microphones each which the one set are arranged at the distal end of one eyeglass temple and the second set at the distal end of the second eyeglass temple of hearing glasses.
  • the main receiving directions of the microphones within a set are perpendicular to each other.
  • microphones are used that are already directed in advance.
  • the already directed individual microphones are additively and / or subtractively connected to one another via weighting elements.
  • the weighting elements weight the sound signals coming in from the front and from the sides differently in such a way that the influence of the sound signals coming in from the sides is minimized compared to the sound signals coming in from the front. Thus there is a directivity towards the front.
  • FR-OS 24 36 416 (which corresponds, for example, to US Pat. No. 4,334,740 or DE-OS 2,936,082) also discloses a directional microphone arrangement of this type for cameras which works with integrators, but whose transmission rate decays to high frequencies, so that Additional low-pass and high-pass filters for the reconstruction of higher frequencies (e.g. FIGS. 18 and 19 or also page 4, 2nd paragraph to page 5, 1st paragraph of FR-OS or FIGS. 18 and 19 and column 3 of the corresponding US-PS) required are.
  • the object of the present invention is to build a directional microphone arrangement of the type mentioned at the outset, in particular for hearing aids, which is optimally simple and in particular with non-directional individual microphones, e.g. Omnidirectional microphones.
  • the invention allows the use of non-directional microphones, in particular omnidirectional microphones, together with a differentiating element that has an increasing transmission factor towards high frequencies.
  • This directional microphone arrangement does not require any further filters. It is therefore technically particularly simple, cheap and particularly suitable for the care of the hearing impaired, for whom the higher frequencies are particularly important for speech intelligibility.
  • the invention is therefore preferably used in connection with hearing aids for the hearing impaired.
  • Preferred embodiments result from claims 8 to 18.
  • the directional microphone arrangement of claim 5 in conjunction with hearing aids can also be replaced according to claim 13 by an arrangement which is particularly simple in terms of circuitry, comprising at least two subminiature individual microphones already directed and a summing element.
  • Already available subminiature single microphones, e.g. Knowles series EB have the disadvantage that the directivity in the upper frequency range, which is important for speech intelligibility, deteriorates.
  • three spherical microphone capsules M1, M2, M3 (for example Knowles spherical microphones) are connected in the manner shown via amplifiers 1, 2 and 3 and a differentiator 4 with adjustable basic amplification to a totalizer 5.
  • the amplifier 2 is an inverting amplifier. For this reason, the microphone signal S2 derived from the microphone M2 via the amplifier 2 is shifted in phase by 180 ° compared to the microphone signal S1 derived from the microphone M1 via the amplifier 1. This becomes a pressure differential receiver modeled with dipole directivity.
  • the differentiator 4 works as a 90 ° phase shifter with adjustable basic gain.
  • a pronounced directional characteristic for example hypercardioid characteristic, can be set for the overall arrangement.
  • the microphones M1 to M3 thus receive sound that preferably comes in from the direction of the directional arrow 6.
  • the signal S A occurring at the output of the summing unit 5 reflects the sound received from the preferred direction.
  • the second exemplary embodiment in FIG. 2 works with only two spherical microphone capsules M1 and M2.
  • the third spherical microphone capsule M3 and the amplifier 3 are therefore missing.
  • the differentiator 4 is now connected directly to the output of the amplifier 1. While the first microphone signal S1 and the second microphone signal S2 are obtained in a manner corresponding to the arrangement in FIG. 1, the third microphone signal S3 is derived from the first microphone M1. With considerably simplified technical outlay, the same result is obtained as with the exemplary embodiment in FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 3 A preferred exemplary embodiment is shown in FIG. 3.
  • This exemplary embodiment comprises a first set of two spherical microphone capsules M1, M2 on the left side of the microphone arrangement and one second set of two spherical microphone capsules M1 'and M2' on the right side of the microphone arrangement.
  • the two spherical microphone capsules M1 'and M2' (e.g.
  • Knowles spherical microphones) on the right side of the microphone arrangement are corresponding to the spherical microphone capsules M1 and M2 on the left side of the microphone arrangement via amplifiers 1 'and 2' (inverting amplifiers) and a Differentiator 4 'with adjustable basic gain with a totalizer 5' connected.
  • the additive output signal is designated S A '.
  • the embodiment of FIG. 3 is preferably used in hearing aids for the hearing impaired, which is explained in more detail below in connection with the hearing glasses of FIG. 4.
  • the embodiment of FIG. 3 can of course also be constructed with three microphones on each side according to FIG. 1.
  • the sum generator 5 ' can consist of three adding stages, namely a first adding stage, which adds the signals S1 to S3, and a second adding stage, which adds the signals S1' to S3 ', and a third adding stage, which the output signals of the first and the second adder added.
  • amplifiers 1 and 3 can also be inverting in all exemplary embodiments, while amplifier 2 is a non-inverting amplifier.
  • the inverting amplifier 2 can also be composed of a non-inverting amplifier and an inverting element.
  • FIG. 4 shows the application of the exemplary embodiment in FIG. 3 in a hearing device in the form of hearing glasses 10.
  • the hearing glasses 10 comprises an eyeglass frame 11 with the eyeglass lenses 12 and 13 as well as a left eyeglass temple 14 and a right eyeglass temple 15. Both spectacle arms are hinged to the eyeglass frame 11 by means of hinges 16 and 17.
  • the spherical microphone pair M1, M2 is arranged in the left temple near the hinge 16. Accordingly, the second pair of spherical microphones M1 ', M2' is arranged in the right temple 15 near the hinge 17.
  • the two microphones of each microphone pair lie one behind the other in the direction of the bracket.
  • the components 1, 2, 1 ', 2', 4, 4 ', 5' embedded in the block 18 shown in dashed lines in FIG. 3 are divided into two circuit electronics blocks 19 and 20 in the embodiment in FIG.
  • the two circuit electronics blocks 19 and 20 are connected to one another via the connecting lines 21, which are passed through the temple and the spectacle frame 11 (not shown in FIG. 4), or some other type of cable guide.
  • the adder 23 is via a signal line 26 also the microphone signal filtered in a low-pass filter 27 is fed to a further spherical microphone capsule MO1. Accordingly, the adder 25 in the second temple piece 15 receives the signal of a spherical microphone capsule MO2 via the signal line 28 with a low-pass filter 29.
  • the adder 23 is connected on the output side via a signal line 30 to the input of an amplifier 31 the. Accordingly, the adder 25 is coupled to the input of an amplifier 33 via a signal line 32.
  • the receiver 34 for the left ear canal of a hearing impaired person is located at the output of the amplifier 31. Accordingly, the receiver 35 for the right ear canal of the hearing impaired person is located at the output of the amplifier 33.
  • the earphones are usually connected to the ear canals via hose connections and ear tips (not shown). In the exemplary embodiment in FIG. 4, the hose connection on the left is indicated by 36 and the hose connection on the right by 37. However, versions are also possible in which the listener is located in the ear canal, as is usually the case with in-the-ear hearing aids.
  • Components 38 and 39 are each a battery for power supply via supply lines 40 and 41.
  • the two microphones MO1 and MO2 serve as location microphones.
  • the microphone MO1 When the hearing glasses are on, the microphone MO1 is directly above the left ear and the microphone MO2 is above the right ear of the hearing impaired.
  • the location microphones can also be accommodated in the respective auricle.
  • the hearing impaired can locate a sound source of interest via the two location microphones MO1 and MO2 and can turn his head with the hearing glasses in the direction of this sound source. When the head is directed towards the sound source, the directional microphone arrangement according to the present invention can then fully develop its effect.
  • FIG. 5 shows the previously mentioned, but less advantageous alternative solution to FIG. 3 for hearing aids with subminiature directional microphones MR1 and MR2 and adder 49.
  • the distance D between the microphones MR1, MR2 corresponds approximately to the head width of the hearing impaired.
  • all components, including the microphones are accommodated in the temple pieces.
  • these components can also be combined in assemblies that can be plugged into the brackets so that they are actually outside the brackets.
  • a kind of headband can be used to hold the microphones M1, M2 and M1 'and M2'.
  • FIG. 6 An embodiment according to which a directional microphone arrangement e.g. 2 as a separate component 42 can be attached to the temple 43 of normal glasses, is shown in FIG.
  • For attachment e.g. Brackets, Velcro fasteners, adhesives, pins or the like are used.
  • the fasteners are generally indicated at 44.
  • Elements 45 and 46 are a battery and a switch.
  • the output cable 47 comprises a plug 48 which is connected to an audio input of a conventional hearing aid, e.g. HDO device to be connected.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Neurosurgery (AREA)
  • Otolaryngology (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Circuit For Audible Band Transducer (AREA)
  • Obtaining Desirable Characteristics In Audible-Bandwidth Transducers (AREA)
  • Details Of Audible-Bandwidth Transducers (AREA)
  • Stereophonic Arrangements (AREA)
EP86113802A 1985-10-16 1986-10-06 Dispositif microphonique directif Expired - Lifetime EP0229230B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT86113802T ATE53734T1 (de) 1985-10-16 1986-10-06 Richtmikrofonanordnung.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3536885 1985-10-16
DE3536885 1985-10-16

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0229230A1 true EP0229230A1 (fr) 1987-07-22
EP0229230B1 EP0229230B1 (fr) 1990-06-13

Family

ID=6283723

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP86113802A Expired - Lifetime EP0229230B1 (fr) 1985-10-16 1986-10-06 Dispositif microphonique directif

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US4712244A (fr)
EP (1) EP0229230B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPS6295097A (fr)
AT (1) ATE53734T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE8529437U1 (fr)
DK (1) DK491986A (fr)

Cited By (2)

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FR2712132A1 (fr) * 1993-11-01 1995-05-12 Motorola Inc Système de microphones directionnels à gradient et procédé associé.
WO2000019770A1 (fr) * 1998-09-29 2000-04-06 Siemens Audiologische Technik Gmbh Prothese auditive et procede de traitement de signaux de microphone dans une prothese auditive

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US5029216A (en) * 1989-06-09 1991-07-02 The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics & Space Administration Visual aid for the hearing impaired
CA2049173C (fr) * 1990-08-16 1996-06-25 Shoji Fujimoto Appareil de reconnaissance de paroles
CA2059597A1 (fr) * 1991-01-22 1992-07-23 Paul A. Vogt Lunettes radio
US5159639A (en) * 1991-02-19 1992-10-27 Shannon Clark W Assistive listening device
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US5537477A (en) * 1994-02-07 1996-07-16 Ensoniq Corporation Frequency characteristic shaping circuitry and method
US5500902A (en) * 1994-07-08 1996-03-19 Stockham, Jr.; Thomas G. Hearing aid device incorporating signal processing techniques
US8085959B2 (en) 1994-07-08 2011-12-27 Brigham Young University Hearing compensation system incorporating signal processing techniques
US5680466A (en) * 1994-10-06 1997-10-21 Zelikovitz; Joseph Omnidirectional hearing aid
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US7150526B2 (en) 2000-06-02 2006-12-19 Oakley, Inc. Wireless interactive headset
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US7013009B2 (en) 2001-06-21 2006-03-14 Oakley, Inc. Eyeglasses with wireless communication features
EP1284587B1 (fr) * 2001-08-15 2011-09-28 Sound Design Technologies Ltd. Appareil auditif reconfigurable à faible consommation d'énergie
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US8284970B2 (en) 2002-09-16 2012-10-09 Starkey Laboratories Inc. Switching structures for hearing aid
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US8331582B2 (en) * 2003-12-01 2012-12-11 Wolfson Dynamic Hearing Pty Ltd Method and apparatus for producing adaptive directional signals
JP2007531029A (ja) * 2004-03-31 2007-11-01 スイスコム モービル アーゲー 音響通信のための方法およびシステム
US20060034478A1 (en) * 2004-08-11 2006-02-16 Davenport Kevin E Audio eyeglasses
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US9288589B2 (en) * 2008-05-28 2016-03-15 Yat Yiu Cheung Hearing aid apparatus
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EP2815266B1 (fr) 2012-02-17 2020-08-19 Oakley, Inc. Systèmes et procédés destinés à coupler amovibles un dispositif électronique et des lunettes
WO2014149631A2 (fr) 2013-03-15 2014-09-25 Oakley, Inc. Ornementation électronique pour lunettes
WO2014201213A1 (fr) 2013-06-12 2014-12-18 Oakley, Inc. Systèmes modulaires d'affichage tête haute
US9295836B2 (en) 2013-08-16 2016-03-29 Cochlear Limited Directionality device for auditory prosthesis microphone
US9380374B2 (en) 2014-01-17 2016-06-28 Okappi, Inc. Hearing assistance systems configured to detect and provide protection to the user from harmful conditions
WO2015109002A2 (fr) * 2014-01-17 2015-07-23 Okappi, Inc. Système d'aide auditive
US10003379B2 (en) 2014-05-06 2018-06-19 Starkey Laboratories, Inc. Wireless communication with probing bandwidth
WO2020038485A1 (fr) * 2018-08-24 2020-02-27 深圳市韶音科技有限公司 Dispositif haut-parleur
US10553196B1 (en) 2018-11-06 2020-02-04 Michael A. Stewart Directional noise-cancelling and sound detection system and method for sound targeted hearing and imaging

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FR2282768A1 (fr) * 1974-08-19 1976-03-19 Schoeps Karl Dispositif pour la reception du son
FR2436416A1 (fr) * 1978-09-12 1980-04-11 Polaroid Corp Systeme de reception possedant une reponse directionnelle preselectionnee
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US2301744A (en) * 1941-05-31 1942-11-10 Rca Corp Electroacoustical signal translating apparatus
DE2362874A1 (de) * 1972-12-20 1974-06-27 Akg Akustische Kino Geraete Mit einem elektret ausgeruestetes kondensatormikrophon, insbesondere fuer hoerbrillen
FR2282768A1 (fr) * 1974-08-19 1976-03-19 Schoeps Karl Dispositif pour la reception du son
FR2436416A1 (fr) * 1978-09-12 1980-04-11 Polaroid Corp Systeme de reception possedant une reponse directionnelle preselectionnee
DE3102208A1 (de) * 1980-01-25 1981-12-10 Victor Company Of Japan, Ltd., Yokohama, Kanagawa Mikrofonsystem mit veraenderbarer richtcharakteristik
DE3102530A1 (de) * 1980-01-28 1981-11-26 Victor Company Of Japan, Ltd., Yokohama, Kanagawa Variable richtmikrofonanlage

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2712132A1 (fr) * 1993-11-01 1995-05-12 Motorola Inc Système de microphones directionnels à gradient et procédé associé.
WO2000019770A1 (fr) * 1998-09-29 2000-04-06 Siemens Audiologische Technik Gmbh Prothese auditive et procede de traitement de signaux de microphone dans une prothese auditive

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0229230B1 (fr) 1990-06-13
DE3672079D1 (de) 1990-07-19
ATE53734T1 (de) 1990-06-15
DK491986A (da) 1987-04-17
DE8529437U1 (fr) 1987-06-11
US4712244A (en) 1987-12-08
JPS6295097A (ja) 1987-05-01
DK491986D0 (da) 1986-10-15

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