EP0229172B1 - Faser mit kern und umhüllung und deren herstellung - Google Patents

Faser mit kern und umhüllung und deren herstellung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0229172B1
EP0229172B1 EP86904673A EP86904673A EP0229172B1 EP 0229172 B1 EP0229172 B1 EP 0229172B1 EP 86904673 A EP86904673 A EP 86904673A EP 86904673 A EP86904673 A EP 86904673A EP 0229172 B1 EP0229172 B1 EP 0229172B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
sheath
core
fiber
coated
group
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP86904673A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0229172A1 (de
EP0229172A4 (de
Inventor
John R. Collier
Billie J. Collier
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Ohio University
Original Assignee
Ohio University
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Publication date
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Priority to AT86904673T priority Critical patent/ATE75788T1/de
Publication of EP0229172A1 publication Critical patent/EP0229172A1/de
Publication of EP0229172A4 publication Critical patent/EP0229172A4/de
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Publication of EP0229172B1 publication Critical patent/EP0229172B1/de
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Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F8/00—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof
    • D01F8/02—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from cellulose, cellulose derivatives, or proteins
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F8/00—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to sheath core fibers.
  • Coextrusion of two different materials to form a side-by-side bicomponent fiber has been done extensively, primarily to develop a crimped product.
  • U.S. Patent No. 2,439,813, Kulp discloses such a product, where both components are viscose of different contractivity due to different aging times and different concentrations of cellulose, carbon disulfide, or sodium hydroxide.
  • Sheath core structures have also been formed, again usually for crimping purposes.
  • U.S. Patent No. 3,458,615, Bragaw discloses a coextrusion of two streams in the molten state and any orientation to be developed will be induced downstream from the die.
  • the Bragaw patent is directed to the production of light guides where a well controlled smooth interface is critical to maintaining internal reflection of the light passing through the core and reflected off the surface.
  • U.S. Patent No. 2,932,079, Dietzsch discloses a sheath core structure which must contain at least two cores of different materials and a sheath of a third material. This is so that crimp may be developed by differential thermal contraction of non-concentric core and sheath layers.
  • U.S. Patent No. 2,989,798, Bannerman is also involved in the production of a sheath core fiber in which both layers are polyamides. The core polyamide is chosen or modified to be more dye receptive.
  • U.K. Patent 764,954 is concerned with the problem of dying or printing fibrous material of thermoplastic synthetic resin.
  • the patent teaches applying to the fibrous material a solution yielding regenerated cellulose protein or polyvinyl alcohol on precipitation. It is indicated that the coating obtained will impart dye stuff affinity.
  • the citation is concerned with "fibrous material” which may be in the form of "staple fiber material yarns, threads, fabrics or knitted goods". All of the examples are concerned with the treatment of fabrics.
  • U.S. Patent 2,312,469 discloses a formulation for a protein size to be applied to nylon yarns to aid in subsequent processing into knitted goods. The objective is simply to protect the yarns during knitting and subsequent handling and the coating binds the fibers together in a coherent structure for knitting. The coating is then removed and thus is not an integral part of the structure of each fiber of the yarn.
  • U.S. Patent No. 4,382,111 discloses the treatment of fibers, as well as yarns. However, all of the examples of the treatment of fibers are when they are in the yarn state. Furthermore, the subliminal substance to which the yarns are exposed is to be used as a lubricant and is removable by sublimation without the application of additional procedures after the formation of the fiber products and is not during ultimate usage adherent to the individual fibers.
  • DE-B-1174291 is concerned with the treatment of yarns and textile materials and does not provide an individual fiber having thereon a continuous sheath.
  • a sheath core fiber comprising an inner continuous core of an oriented thermoplastic material coated with an adherent organic polymeric sheath made of a non- thermoplastic material, and excluding sheath core fibers wherein the sheath is readily removable from said core and is not retained on said core during ultimate usage of said fiber, characterized by said sheath being continuous along the length of the fiber and completely surrounding it, and said sheath having microscopic surface dimpling of a type indicative of a lack of orientation of the surface of the sheath.
  • a sheath core fiber comprising an inner continuous core of an oriented thermoplastic material coated with an adherent organic polymeric sheath made of a nonthermoplastic material, characterized by drawing the core through the sheath forming material in liquid form, thence drawing said core through a die so that the desired thickness of sheath forming material remains on said core, drawing said thus coated core through an acid bath to coagulate the sheath material on said core, and rinsing said resulting sheath core fiber with water.
  • the core fiber is already oriented and in solid form, there is a very low tensile load on the sheath material and thus it will not develop significant crystal orientation during the drawing process, as would be the case if it alone were being drawn from the die.
  • the core material constitutes the major cross section of the fiber, it will maintain the strength and crease and tear resistance which are characteristic of the core material.
  • the die face does not have to be in contact with the acid bath as is the case of a viscose fiber being drawn from a die. This lessens the necessity of having the die face constructed of precious metal and significantly simplifies and reduces the cost of manufacturing the product.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the method of producing the fiber of this invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a perspective view of a single fiber.
  • Fig. 3 is a scanning electron micrograph of a fiber produced by this invention at a magnification of 1250x.
  • the core material 10 is introduced into the chamber 11, which is provided with a die 12 at its lower end.
  • the liquid sheath-forming material is introduced through member 13 by gravity or pressure flow into the chamber 11.
  • the fiber solution contact region is designed to be sufficient to insure that the core 10 is thoroughly coated with the sheath-forming material prior to entering the die 12.
  • the relative amount of solution coated onto the core fiber is controlled by die opening geometry, solution rheological properties, and drag and pressure driven flow.
  • the combined sheath core fiber 14 exits the die 12 and enters the acid bath 15 where the sheath material is coagulated.
  • the sheath core fiber 14 exits the acid bath 15, is rinsed with a water rinse 16, and is then collected on take-up roll 17.
  • the core material 10 is shown with the sheath material 18 surrounding the core material. Satisfactory fibers where the core 10 is 20 ⁇ m in diameter and the sheath material 18 is one ⁇ m in thickness have been produced. Thicker sheath layers have also been produced by increasing the pressure imposed in member 13.
  • Fig. 3 which is a scanning electron micrograph of the sheath core fiber shown in Fig. 2 at a magnification of 1250x, reveals dimples that are not elongated indicating lack of orientation of the surface and the enhanced surface area. Both of these properties contribute high sorptivity and thus comfort and dyeability.
  • the method of producing such a fiber is described in detail in the following example which involves nylon 66 for the core and viscose rayon for the sheath. While the invention is described with respect to these two materials, and this is a preferred combination, it must be kept in mind that other core materials and other sheath materials are contemplated within the scope of this invention.
  • the core fiber was nylon 66 and was 20 ⁇ m in diameter.
  • the die opening was approximately 800 ⁇ m and the resultant rayon skin thickness was one ⁇ m.
  • the line speed of 30.5m (100 feet) per minute was used with a commercial concentration spinning bath consisting of nine weight percent sulfuric acid and 13 weight percent of sodium sulfate. Much higher line speeds, of course, can be used and different die openings and/or a higher pressure head may also be used.
  • the resulting fibers maintain essentially the bulk mechanical properties of the nylon core and have the dyeability of rayon.
  • rayon fibers typically are formed from a solution containing about seven percent cellulose in a sodium xanthate form and seven percent alkali. An acceptable viscosity for spinning is achieved by ripening the viscose solution for four to five days. The fibers are formed by extruding thin filaments of this solution from a spinning bath in which the cellulose is regenerated from its xanthate form and coagulated. This is performed under tension and orientation develops in the rayon fiber, the level of which is controlled by the tension, cellulose source and character, and the spinning bath concentration and temperature.
  • the sheath material since the core material carries the tensile load, the sheath material develops very low, if any, orientation, as opposed to normal rayon fibers that are spun under tension to develop strength relating to orientation. This enables surface dimpling which results in an enhanced surface area contributing to higher sorptivity and greater dyeability. Furthermore, since the core material carries the tensile load, the acid bath, as shown in Fig. 1, can be spaced from the face of the die and thus precious metal faced dies are not needed in practicing this invention. In addition, since this process does not require the viscose solution to be able to be drawn into a fiber, a broader class of viscose solutions may be used.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Multicomponent Fibers (AREA)
  • Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
  • Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)

Claims (6)

  1. Kernmantelfaser, umfassend einen inneren durchgehenden Kern (10) aus einem gerichteten thermoplastischen Material, welches mit einem haftenden Mantel (18) auf der Basis eines organischen Polymers aus einem nichtthermoplastischen Material überzogen ist, und ausgenommen Kernmantelfasern, bei denen der Mantel leicht von dem Kern abzulösen ist und während des endgültigen Gebrauchs der Faser nicht auf dem Kern bleibt, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Mantel auf der Länge der Faser durchgehend ist und sie vollständig umgibt, und daß der Mantel auf seiner Oberfläche mikroskopisch kleine Vertiefungen aufweist, die auf eine mangelnde Ausrichtung der Oberfläche des Mantels hindeuten.
  2. Kernmantelfaser nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das thermoplastische Material ausgewählt ist aus der Gruppe umfassend Nylon, Polyester, Acryl und Olefine, und daß der Mantel aus organischem Polymer ein Material enthält, das ausgewählt ist aus der Gruppe umfassend regenerierte Cellulose und regeneriertes Protein.
  3. Kernmantelfaser nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Mantel (18) eine gewünschte gleichmäßige Dicke aufweist aufgrund der Verwendung eines Herstellungsverfahrens, bei dem ein Einzelfaserkern, der mit einem Polymermantel überzogen ist, welcher ein Material in flüssiger Form darstellt, durch eine Ziehdüse gezogen wird.
  4. Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Kernmantelfaser mit einem inneren durchgehenden Kern (10) aus einem gerichteten thermoplastischen Material, welches mit einem haftenden Mantel (18) auf der Basis eines organischen Polymers aus einem nichtthermoplastischen Material überzogen ist, gekennzeichnet durch die folgenden Schritte: Ziehen des Kerns durch das mantelbildende Material in flüssiger Form, dann Ziehen des Kerns durch eine Ziehdüse, so daß das mantelbildende Material in der gewünschten Dicke auf dem Kern bleibt, Ziehen des so überzogenen Kerns durch ein Säurebad, um das Mantelmaterial auf dem Kern zu koagulieren, und Spülen der entstehenden Kernmantelfaser mit Wasser.
  5. Verfahren nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Kern aus einem Material besteht, welches ausgewählt ist aus der Gruppe umfassend Polyester, Nylon, Acryl und Olefine.
  6. Verfahren nach Anspruch 4 oder 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das mantelbildende Material ausgewählt ist aus der Gruppe umfassend regenerierte Cellulose und regeneriertes Protein.
EP86904673A 1985-07-12 1986-07-08 Faser mit kern und umhüllung und deren herstellung Expired - Lifetime EP0229172B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT86904673T ATE75788T1 (de) 1985-07-12 1986-07-08 Faser mit kern und umhuellung und deren herstellung.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US75432785A 1985-07-12 1985-07-12
US754327 1985-07-12

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0229172A1 EP0229172A1 (de) 1987-07-22
EP0229172A4 EP0229172A4 (de) 1989-01-26
EP0229172B1 true EP0229172B1 (de) 1992-05-06

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP86904673A Expired - Lifetime EP0229172B1 (de) 1985-07-12 1986-07-08 Faser mit kern und umhüllung und deren herstellung

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0229172B1 (de)
JP (1) JPS63500109A (de)
KR (1) KR930012186B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE75788T1 (de)
DE (1) DE3685208D1 (de)
WO (1) WO1987000561A1 (de)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4223853A1 (de) * 1992-07-20 1994-01-27 Gerd Ebert Nähfaden, Verfahren zur Herstellung von aufreißfesten Kettenstichnähten sowie Kettenstichnaht
CZ287297A3 (cs) * 1995-03-14 1998-02-18 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Smáčitelný výrobek
GB2324064A (en) * 1997-04-11 1998-10-14 Courtaulds Fibres Modified lyocell fibre and method of its formation

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2312469A (en) * 1941-05-14 1943-03-02 Du Pont Sized synthetic linear polyamide yarn
GB764954A (en) * 1952-02-27 1957-01-02 Raduner & Company A G A process for dyeing or printing fibrous material of a thermoplastic synthetic resin
DE1174291B (de) * 1963-04-04 1964-07-23 Rhodiaceta Ag Verfahren zum Beschichten von Garnen, Geweben und Gewirken aus Polyamiden mit Cellulose
JPS491241B1 (de) * 1969-10-24 1974-01-12
US4382111A (en) * 1980-05-07 1983-05-03 Meisei Chemical Works Co., Ltd. Method of treating fiber
IT1151747B (it) * 1982-04-27 1986-12-24 Montedison Spa Fibre sintetiche bicomponenti atte a sostituire le fibre celulosiche in campo cartorio ed extracartario, e procedimento per la loro preparazione

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS63500109A (ja) 1988-01-14
DE3685208D1 (de) 1992-06-11
EP0229172A1 (de) 1987-07-22
EP0229172A4 (de) 1989-01-26
WO1987000561A1 (en) 1987-01-29
ATE75788T1 (de) 1992-05-15
KR930012186B1 (ko) 1993-12-24
KR880700108A (ko) 1988-02-15

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