EP0228430A1 - Method and device for the thermal treatment of a conductor element. - Google Patents
Method and device for the thermal treatment of a conductor element.Info
- Publication number
- EP0228430A1 EP0228430A1 EP86904198A EP86904198A EP0228430A1 EP 0228430 A1 EP0228430 A1 EP 0228430A1 EP 86904198 A EP86904198 A EP 86904198A EP 86904198 A EP86904198 A EP 86904198A EP 0228430 A1 EP0228430 A1 EP 0228430A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- conductive element
- generator
- short
- conductive
- antenna
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 title claims description 39
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 31
- 238000007669 thermal treatment Methods 0.000 title 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000012815 thermoplastic material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- -1 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004320 controlled atmosphere Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 5
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003989 dielectric material Substances 0.000 description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920000571 Nylon 11 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000299 Nylon 12 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002292 Nylon 6 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010410 dusting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007757 hot melt coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012811 non-conductive material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000001902 propagating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B6/00—Heating by electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields
- H05B6/64—Heating using microwaves
- H05B6/78—Arrangements for continuous movement of material
- H05B6/788—Arrangements for continuous movement of material wherein an elongated material is moved by applying a mechanical tension to it
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method and a device for the Joule heat treatment of a conductive element at least partially made of a conductive material.
- the method and the device according to the invention are suitable for heating a conductive element of the aforementioned type, advantageously in a filiform form and in particular in the form of fibers, which carries a continuous or discontinuous coating of a material, in particular based on a polymer product, capable of heating by thermal conduction and therefore of softening or hardening, depending on whether said material is thermoplastic or thermosettable, to form a homogeneous coating of the conductive element.
- thermofusible or thermosetting coating and of an insulating nature, for example a coating obtained by deposition of a pulverulent polymeric material
- the presence of this coating harms the conditions of good contact. Therefore, it is no longer possible to achieve a satisfactory melting or hardening of such a coating by passing a direct electric current through the conductor carrying this coating to obtain a homogeneous coating of said conductor with the hot-melt coating material. or thermosetting.
- the heating is carried out by causing the filiform element coated with the dielectric material to circulate inside the two tubular cores and by subjecting said dielectric material, in the space separating the two conductive cores, to the action of an electric field. generated by microwaves produced in the coaxial by transfer to the latter, by means of an electronic adapter, of the microwave electromagnetic energy delivered by a generator.
- the aforementioned microwave heating which is a heating of the dielectric loss type, can only be implemented with filiform conductive elements due to the need to pass these elements inside the coaxial conductor.
- said heating can only be carried out for materials for coating the conductive filiform element having dielectric losses at the frequencies used.
- Such a method of heating a metallic conductor has certain drawbacks.
- the mode of transmission to choose to transport the energy depends on the dimensions of the system, which changes the polarization of the field inside the coaxial line.
- there is interaction of the field inside the coaxial line with the medium in which the line is placed which consumes a large part of the energy and attenuates the Joule effect.
- the system constitutes a resonator in the direction of a return of the energy by the short-circuit, the latter being mainly used to close the system to avoid interference from the environment, this resonator is not calibrated in frequency • on the generator and does not behave like a real resonant system where the overcurrents are intense.
- this heating mode using the transport of microwave electromagnetic energy in a lossy coaxial line cannot be applied to non-filiform products and in particular to flat conductive elements such as sheets.
- the subject of the invention is therefore a method of heat treatment of a conductive element at least partially made of an electrically conductive material, in which an electromagnetic energy emitted by an electromagnetic source is coupled to a portion of the conductive element.
- the blocking of the alternating electric current of frequency between 1 MHz and 10 GHz in the portion of conductive element playing the role of antenna is achieved in particular by limiting said portion of conductive element by two short-circuits.
- the method according to the invention can be implemented on a stationary conductive element or on a conductive element moving continuously during the treatment.
- said method is particularly suitable for the heat treatment of conductive elements traveling at high speed.
- the alternating electric current, flowing in the portion of conductive element playing the role of antenna, is induced by electrically or magnetically coupling to said portion of conductive element the energy created by the source of electromagnetic energy emitting at the chosen frequency. between 1 MHz and 10 GHz.
- the length of the portion of the conductive element playing the role of antenna traversed by the alternating current of frequency included in the above-mentioned interval is advantageously chosen to constitute a lossy resonant circuit, the resonant frequency of which corresponds to the frequency d source broadcast
- said short-circuits can be of the capacitive type or even of the inductive type.
- the conductive element subjected to the treatment according to the invention can have any shape. It can be in particular in the form of a plate, a sheet or a sheet or also, advantageously, in the form of a filiform element, that is to say of a thin, flexible element.
- the filiform element may be in particular in the form of a monofilament or multifilament yarn, a yarn of fibers or even a strand.
- the conductive element generally consists entirely of a conductive material such as metal, carbon, graphite, mixture of such materials, but one can consider the case where the conductive element is formed only in part of the conductive material, the other part consisting of a practically non-conductive material, in particular of the inorganic type, such as silica.
- the process according to the invention is particularly suitable for the heat treatment of conductive elements consisting entirely of carbon fibers or of which only a part is formed of carbon fibers, the other part consisting of a non-carbon material and in particular non-carbon fibers such as glass fibers.
- the conductive element is formed only in part from carbon fibers, it advantageously contains at least 10% by weight of said fibers while the remaining part consists of the non-carbon material.
- a conductive element of this type can be formed, for example from 20 to 40% by weight of carbon fibers and from 80 to 60% by weight of glass fibers.
- the conductive element which is treated by the process of the invention, can carry a continuous or discontinuous coating of a material capable of heating by thermal conduction and either melt or harden to ensure a homogeneous coating of the conductive element.
- the continuous or discontinuous coating of material capable of heating by thermal conduction which can be carried by the conductive element, can be formed by any known method and, for example, by spraying a solution of said material on the conductive element , by passage of the conductive element in a bath consisting of a solution of the coating material, or by electrostatic powdering or not of the conductive element in a fluidized bed of a powder of said coating material.
- the coating material capable of being heated by thermal conduction may consist of a thermoplastic material and in particular of a thermoplastic polymer such as polyamide, such as for example polyamide 11, polyamide 12 or polyamide 6, polyolefin and in particular polyethylene or polypropylene. , polycarbonate, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride or in a thermosetting material and in particular in a thermosetting resin such as, for example, an epoxy resin.
- a thermoplastic polymer such as polyamide, such as for example polyamide 11, polyamide 12 or polyamide 6, polyolefin and in particular polyethylene or polypropylene.
- the conductive element which can be in any form and in particular in one of the forms indicated above, can also consist of a reinforcement, conductive or not, embedded in a matrix made of a mixture of a thermoplastic material or thermosetting, capable of heating by conduction, and of a conductive material.
- Said thermoplastic or thermosetting material and the conductive material are as defined above while the reinforcement may consist in particular of son, fibers, lattice, woven or nonwoven in a material consisting entirely or only in part of a conductive material as mentioned upper.
- a device for implementing the method according to the invention comprises an electromagnetic energy generator capable of '' emitting electromagnetic waves having a frequency between 1 MHz and 10 GHz, an applicator system arranged to couple to a portion of the conductive element the electromagnetic energy emitted by the generator so as to produce in said portion of conductive element electric current of the same frequency as the waves emitted by the generator and a short-circuit system arranged to block in the portion of conductive element the electric current produced in this portion of conductive element, and it is characterized in that said portion conductive element is arranged so as to constitute an antenna coupled to the generator by the inte intermediate of the applicator system and in that said short-circuit system is of the inductive or capacitive type and has an arrangement such that the portion of
- the short-circuit system is arranged so that the portion of conductive element in which it blocks the electric current generated in this portion, forms a circuit resonant to the frequency of the waves emitted by the generator, so as to creating an overcurrent in said portion of conductive element.
- the electromagnetic energy generator which is part of the device according to the invention, can be chosen from the various existing generators capable of emitting electromagnetic waves having a frequency between 1 MHz and 10 GHz.
- the generator can consist in particular of a generator of electromagnetic waves, called microwaves, having frequencies between 0.3 GHz and 10 GHz, such a generator being for example magnetron or of the electronic oscillator klystron type.
- the generator can still be chosen from electromagnetic wave generators, called high frequency (HF waves) or very high frequency
- VHF waves having frequencies between 1 MHz
- the applicator system making it possible to couple the electromagnetic energy emitted by the generator to the conductive element can be arranged to carry out a magnetic coupling of said energy.
- the 10 most often comprises a winding supplied by the generator, said winding being associated with a second winding formed by the conductive element to constitute a transformer whose winding of the applicator system constitutes the primary winding and the conductive element
- Such an applicator system which requires the conductive element to be in the form of a winding, can only be used in practice in the treatment of conductive elements, such as metallic filiform conductors,
- the applicator system making it possible to couple to the element
- the applicator system of the electrically coupled type can consist of a waveguide.
- this waveguide being traversed by the conductive element to be treated parallel to the electric field created in the waveguides.
- the generator is of the high frequency (HF) or very high frequency (VHF) type
- the applicator system of the generator is of the high frequency (HF) or very high frequency (VHF) type
- the 35 electrical coupling can consist of an antenna excited by the generator, the conductive element playing the role of receiving antenna.
- the transmitting antenna can be of any type known in the art and can consist, for example in a semi-cylindrical deflector in a metal such as aluminum or also in a cylindrical or semi-cylindrical bar in a metal such as copper or aluminum.
- the applicator system, and in particular the applicator system of the electrically coupled type, includes impedance matching means which ensure optimal coupling, to the conductive element, of the electromagnetic energy produced by the generator.
- the impedance adaptation means comprise a coupling iris and a variable positioning short-circuit piston arranged in the waveguide between the generator and the passage zone of the conductive element for the coupling iris and downstream of said passage zone for the variable short-circuit piston.
- the impedance means in adaptation consist among other means suitable for varying the distance from the antenna 'to the conductive element.
- the short circuit system which makes it possible to block in a portion of the conductive element the electric current induced in this conductive element can be a short circuit system of the inductive type.
- a short-circuit system can consist of the conductive element itself put in the form of a winding having a diameter and a length suitable for conferring on said winding a self-induction coefficient having a value sufficient for the current induced in the wound conductor element is blocked in the winding by solenoid effect.
- a capacitive type short-circuit system is generally preferred, especially when the conductive element cannot be put in the form of a winding.
- Such a short-circuit system of the capacitive type comprises two short-circuits of the low-impedance capacitive type, which are arranged on either side of the applicator system and are each connected by contact to the conductive element of so as to delimit between them a portion of conductive element in which the high frequency electric current induced by the applicator system must be blocked in this portion of the conductive element.
- each of the two short circuits of the capacitive type comprises a contact element on which the conductive element is supported, this contact element being fixed to a support playing the role of ground and being separated from said support by a suitable clearance to form a capacitance of low impedance capable of ensuring a capacitive return of the electric current of high frequency to ground.
- each of the two short circuits of the capacitive type may consist of one or more rollers on which the conductive element rests, - each of the rollers having a longitudinal axis around which it is movable in rotation and being fixed by this axis to a support plate.
- Short-circuits of the capacitive type comprising one or more rollers can be advantageously used when the conductive element is a flexible conductive element, and in particular a filiform flexible conductive element, capable of being supported on the rollers by marrying part of the contour of these, which ensures good contact between the roller and the conductive element.
- the two short-circuits of the capacitive-type short-circuit system are mounted in such a way that they can be moved relative to each other to increase or reduce the distance between them and thus allow the length to be varied. of the portion of conductive element which they delimit.
- the conductive element in contact with each of the two short circuits of the capacitive type, with or without rollers, can be animated by a continuous scrolling movement and in this case the device according to the invention also includes motor means arranged to ensure this scrolling movement.
- FIG. 1 schematically shows a device according to the invention of the microwave type comprising a waveguide applicator and a short-circuit system of the capacitive type with rollers, while the figure shows it, in cross section through a plane passing through the axis of a roller, one of the short-circuits of the short-circuit system mounted on the device in FIG. 1 and FIG. 1b schematically represents, in cross section, a detail of the fixing of the short circuit;
- FIG. 2 gives an alternative embodiment of the waveguide applicator system
- FIG. 3 shows schematically a device according to the invention comprising a high frequency transmitter (HF), an antenna used as an applicator system and a roller short-circuit system while Figure 3a gives a diagram of the HF transmitter and its connection with the antenna.
- HF high frequency transmitter
- FIG. 3a gives a diagram of the HF transmitter and its connection with the antenna.
- the device shown comprises a microwave generator 1, in particular a magnetron generator emitting electromagnetic waves having for example a frequency of 2.45 GHz.
- a waveguide 2 which has a rectangular section the largest dimension of which is vertical, is connected by its end 3 to the generator 1 and is supported by crutches 4 and 5 on a frame 6.
- This waveguide is crossed in its middle part by a hollow cylinder 7 of quartz, the longitudinal axis of which is horizontal and orthogonally meets the longitudinal axis of the waveguide, the latter axis corresponding to the axis of propagation of the waves in said waveguide.
- a coupling iris 8, with adjustable opening is mounted in the waveguide between the end 3 of the waveguide near the generator 1 and the hollow cylinder 7, the plane of the iris being perpendicular to the axis. longitudinal of said waveguide, while an adjustable positioning short-circuit piston 9, provided with an operating rod 10, closes the waveguide between the hollow cylinder 7 and the end 11 of the waves farthest from the generator.
- a first short circuit 12 and a second short circuit 13, of identical structure, are arranged on either side of the waveguide and form the short circuit system.
- the short circuit 12 comprises three cylindrical rollers 14a, 14b and 14c respectively, each mounted free in rotation on an axis such as the axis 15b for the roller 14b, said axis being orthogonal to the axis- longitudi ⁇ nal of the hollow cylinder 7 and being fixed to a plate playing the role of mass.
- the plate 16 is mounted on a support 17 by means of four screws, namely 18a, 18b, 18c and 18d, which are screwed in an associated part forming a nut, for example 19a associated with the screw 18a, and capable of sliding. in one of the two T-shaped grooves 20a and 20b made on the face of the support 17 opposite the plate 16.
- the nut parts 19a and 19b associated with the screws 18a and 18b can slide in the groove 20a while the nut parts 19c and 19d associated with the screws 18c and 18d can slide in the groove 20b.
- the support 17 is integral with two support elements 21 and 22 fixed themselves to the frame 6.
- rollers 14a, 14b and 14c which are each provided with a groove, respectively 23a, 23b and 23c, on their external side wall, are arranged above the longitudinal axis of the hollow cylinder 7 so that this axis is substantially tangent to the rollers 14a and 14c and on the one hand the spacing between the rollers 14a and 14c is substantially equal to the diameter of the roller 14b and on the other hand the distance from the longitudinal axis of the roller 14b to the plane tangent to the rollers 14a and 14c and containing the axis of the hollow cylinder 7, ie approximately 1.5 times the diameter of the rollers.
- the short circuit 13 also comprises three cylindrical rollers, respectively 24a, 24b and 24c, which are identical to the rollers of the short circuit 12 and are each mounted free in rotation on an axis having a direction orthogonal to the longitudinal axis of the hollow cylinder 7, said axis being fixed, as indicated above for the short-circuit 12, to a plate 25 playing the role of ground.
- the plate 25 is mounted on a support 26 by means of four screws, namely 27a, 27b, 27c and 27d, which are each screwed in an associated part forming a nut, similar to the part 19a associated with the screw 18a in the short circuit. 12, and capable of sliding in pairs in one of the two T-shaped grooves 28a and 28b formed on the face of the support 26 opposite the plate 25.
- the support 26 is integral with "two support elements 29 and 30 fixed themselves to the frame 6.
- the rollers 24a, 24b and 24c which are each provided with a groove, respectively 31a, 31b and 31c, on their external side wall , are arranged above the longitudinal axis of the hollow cylinder 7 so that this axis is substantially tangent to the rollers 24a and 24c and that on the one hand the spacing between the rollers 24a and 24c is substantially equal to the diameter of the roller 24b and on the other hand the distance from the longitudinal axis of the roller 24b to the plane tangent to the rollers 24a and 24c and containing the axis of the hollow cylinder 7 is equal to approximately 1.5 times the diameter of the rollers.
- the different rollers of the short circuits 12 and 13 have an identical structure, namely that which is shown in section in FIG. 1a in the case of the roller 14b.
- the roller 14b comprises a cylindrical sleeve 32 having a groove 23b on its outer surface and supported by two ball bearings, respectively 33 and 34, mounted on the axis 15b of the roller, said axis being fixed by screwing to the plate 16.
- Two flanges 35 and 36 fixed to the sleeve by screws such as 37, close the ends of the sleeve and also form stops for the ball bearings 33 and 34.
- the flange 36 of each roller which is opposite the playing plate the mass roll, plate 16 for the roller 14b, is separated from this plate by a slight clearance so that the plate / roller assembly forms a capacity.
- the conductive element 38 to be treated comes into contact with the short-circuit 12, by pressing against the downward-facing part of the groove 23a of the roller 14a, then in s 'winding in the part facing upwards of the groove 23b of the roller 14b and finally pressing against the part facing downwards of the groove 23c of the roller 14c, then crosses the hollow cylinder 7 and enters. contact with the short-circuit 13, by pressing against the downward-facing part of the groove 31a of the roller 24a, then winding against the upward-facing part of the groove 31b of the roller 24b and finally by s 'pressing against the downward facing part of the groove 31c of the roller 34c.
- the conductive element is taken up by traction means, for example is wound on a winder, not shown, driven in rotation by a motor, which ensures continuous scrolling of the conductive element through the device.
- the waveguide 2 fitted to the device shown schematically in FIG. 1 can be replaced by a removable waveguide 39 as shown in FIG. 2.
- This waveguide 39 which also has a rectangular section, the largest dimension is vertical, has three parts, namely an anterior part 39a, a middle part 39b and a posterior part 39c.
- the front parts 39a and middle 39b of the waveguide ' have their opposite ends, respectively 40 and 41, in the form of flanges and are tightly connected by mechanical fastening means such as bolts not shown pressing said flanges l one against the other.
- a window 42 made of a material permeable to electromagnetic waves such as TEFLO ⁇ , is interposed between the flanges 40 and 41 and separates the interior area 43a from the front portion 39a of the waveguide from the interior area 43b from the middle portion 39b of said waveguide.
- the middle part 39b and rear part 39c of the waveguide have their opposite ends, respectively 44 and 45, in the form of flanges and are tightly connected by mechanical fixing means such as bolts not shown pressing said flanges one against the other.
- a window 46 made of a material of the same kind as that constituting the window 42, is interposed between the flanges 44 and 45 and separates the interior area 43b from the middle portion 39b of the waveguide from the interior area 43c from the posterior portion 39c of said waveguide.
- a coupling iris 8 is mounted in the front part 39a of the waveguide while a piston 9 short-circuit with adjustable positioning, provided with an operating rod 10, closes the rear part 39c of said guide waves.
- Each of the large faces 47 and 48 of the waveguide has, at the middle portion 39b of the latter, a circular orifice, respectively 49 and 50, extended by a cylindrical hollow endpiece, respectively 51 and 52, the longitudinal axes of said tips being combined and orthogonally meeting the longitudinal axis of the waveguide.
- the interior zone 43b of the central part 39b of the waveguide opens outwards via a cylindrical nozzle 53, said nozzle being arranged to be connectable to a source of inert gas under slight pressure so as to allow a scan of the inner zone 43b of the middle part 39b of the waveguide by an inert gas.
- the device which has just been described with reference to FIGS. 1, 1a, 1b and 2, operates as follows.
- the thread-like conductive element 38 which can, for example, come from a feeder system of the reel type or from an installation in which the conductive element has undergone a preliminary treatment such as a coating by dusting or by coating, first of all passes into contact with the rollers 14a, 14b and 14c of the capacitive short-circuit 12 as described above, then passes axially through the hollow cylinder 7 associated with the waveguide 2 or else the end piece 51, the area 43b and the tip 52 of the waveguide 39, then passes into contact with the rollers 24a, 24b and 24c of the capacitive short-circuit 13 as indicated previously and finally is wound on a winding machine driven in rotation at constant speed, for example a few centimeters to a few meters per second, by an engine.
- the rotation of the winder ensures the drive of the conductive element and thereby its continuous scrolling through the heat treatment device.
- an impedance and frequency adaptation of the applicator system namely waveguide 2 and hollow cylinder 7 or waveguide 39 and hollow tips 51 and 52, is produced by acting on the opening of the coupling iris 8 and the positioning of the piston 9 in the waveguide, so that the electromagnetic energy supplied by the microwave generator 1 is fully transferred to the conductive element 38.
- Such an adaptation of impedance and frequency is carried out, as is well known, by measurement on a vobulator for example.
- the generator 1 for example with magnetron, emits electromagnetic waves of the microwave type having a frequency between 0.3 GHz and 10 GHz, which propagate in the waveguide 2 or 39.
- said waves propagate in waveguide 2 or 39, rectangular section of large vertical dimension, according to TE - mode.
- the electric field associated with the microwaves is maximum in a median plane perpendicular to the two large faces of the waveguide, that is to say parallel to the longitudinal axis of the hollow cylinder 7 associated with the guide d waves 2 or to the longitudinal axis of the end pieces 51 and 52 associated with the waveguide 39, said axis representing the axis of travel of the filiform conductive element 38.
- the portion of conductive element 38 delimited by the two short circuits 12 and 13 are therefore placed parallel to the electric field associated with the microwaves propagating in the waveguide in an area where said electric field is maximum, which causes an electrical coupling of the electromagnetic energy of the microwaves to the aforementioned portion.
- the conductive element 38 which plays the role of an antenna tuned to the emission frequency of the generator 1, with the result of the induction of a microwave electric current in said porti on of the conductive element, this electric current being brought back to ground by the capacitive short-circuits 12 and 13.
- a a. such a return to ground by the short-circuits 12 and 13 prevents propagation of the microwave current on the one hand to the winder receiving the heat-treated conductive element and on the other hand to the means for feeding the element conductor to the heat treatment device.
- the distance between the short-circuits 12 and 13, which determines the length of the portion of the conductive element traversed by the microwave electric current, is adjusted so that said portion constitutes a circuit resonant to the frequency of the waves emitted by the generator, which allows to obtain an overcurrent in this portion of conductive element.
- the conductive element consists of a conductive material, for example carbon fibers or even metal, carrying a continuous or discontinuous coating of a material capable of heating by thermal conduction and either to melt or to harden
- the heating of the conductive material by Joule effect causes the coating material to heat up by conduction which, depending on the background, in the case of a thermoplastic material, or hardens, in the case of a thermosetting material, to form a compact and homogeneous coating of the conductive element .
- a conductive element 38 consisting of filiform in a carbon fiber ribbon coated, by an electrostatic powdering process in a fluidized bed, with a polyamide powder, a compact and homogeneous coating of the carbon fibers of the ribbon was obtained by fusion by thermal conduction of the polyamide powder under the action of the Joule effect heating of carbon fibers "traversed by the microwave electric current.
- the power supplied by the generator to the conductive element was between 500 W and 2000 W and the speed of scrolling of the conductive element was between 0.1 and 1.5 m / s.
- the device shown diagrammatically in FIGS. 3 and 3a comprises an HF transmitter 54, an applicator system consisting of an antenna, of a metal such as aluminum or copper, connected to the HF transmitter by a conductor 67 and consisting of a support bar 55 ending with a semi-cylindrical deflector 56, and a short-circuit system comprising a first short-circuit 12 and a second short-circuit 13.
- a semi-cylindrical deflector antenna one could also use an antenna consisting solely of a copper or aluminum bar with cylindrical or semi-cylindrical section.
- the short-circuits of the short-circuit system have a structure similar to that of the short-circuits shown in FIGS.
- 1, 1a and 1b therefore comprise three rollers 14a, 14b and 14c for the short-circuit 12 and three rollers 24a, 24b and 24c for the short circuit 13, each of the rollers also carrying a groove on its external lateral surface, said short circuits 12 and 13 being arranged on either side of the antenna.
- the conductive element 38 to be heat treated comes into contact with the short-circuit 12 by pressing against the grooves of the rollers 14a, 14b and 14c as indicated in the case of the FIG. 1, then passes in front of the reflector 56 of the antenna in a direction parallel to the longitudinal axis of said reflector and then comes into contact with the short circuit 13 by pressing against the grooves of the rollers 24a, 24b and 24c as indicated for the device of FIG. 1.
- the conductive element 38 is taken up by receiving means, for example is wound on a winder, not shown, driven in rotation by a motor, which ensures continuous scrolling of the conductive element through the device.
- the HF generator 54 of electromagnetic energy comprises a vacuum amplifier tube of the triode type 57, which has an anode 57a, a grid 57b and a cathode 57c and whose anode charge is a resonant circuit 58 having in parallel a capacitor 59 and a choke 60.
- a divider / inverter circuit 61 takes and reverses a fraction of the anode voltage oscillations and injects the fraction of the inverted oscillations on the gate 57b of the triode 57 through a capacitor 62 preventing the passage of any DC component of said fraction.
- a resistor 63 is interposed between the grid 57b and ground.
- the anode 57a is connected to the positive terminal of a high voltage supply 66 through an inductor 65 with adjustable inductance preventing the voltage oscillations from going back to the continuous supply 66 while a capacitor 64 prevents the passage of any component continues towards the oscillating circuit.
- the 38 filiform conducting element which may, for example, come from a reel or from a typical installation supply system wherein the conductive element has undergone a prior treatment such as powder coating or by coating, first passes in contact with the rollers 14a, 14b and 14c of the short circuit 12, then passes in front of the reflector 56 of the antenna so as to be contained in the plane of symmetry of the reflector, which passes through the 'longitudinal axis of the latter, and to remain parallel to said longitudinal axis, then passes in contact with the rollers 24a, 24b and 24c of the short circuit 13 and finally is wound on a winder driven in rotation at constant speed, for example a few centimeters a few meters per second, by an engine.
- a prior treatment such as powder coating or by coating
- the rotation of the winder ensures the drive of the conductive element and thereby its continuous scrolling through the heat treatment device.
- the passage of the conductive element 38 in contact with the rollers of the short circuit 12 and in contact with the rollers of the short circuit 13 takes place as indicated previously in the case of the device of FIG. 1.
- an impedance adaptation of the applicator system is carried out by varying the distance separating the conductive element 38 from the reflector 56 of the antenna, in a way to maximize the transfer of energy from the HF generator 54 to the conductive element 38.
- the HF generator 54 produces oscillations having a frequency between 1 MHz and 0.3 GHz, which excite the antenna and causes the latter to radiate electromagnetic waves having a frequency corresponding to that of the oscillations produced by the generator 54.
- the portion of conductive element 38 delimited by the two short circuits 12 and 13, which has a direction parallel to that of the longitudinal axis of the antenna deflector 56 behaves like a receiving antenna and picks up the electromagnetic waves emitted by the antenna, resulting in the production of a high frequency electric current in said portion of the conductive element 38, this electric current being reduced to ground by the capacitive short-circuits 12 and 13.
- the distance between the short-circuits 12 and 13, which determines the length of the portion of the conductive element traversed by the high frequency electric current, is adjusted so that said portion of the the conductive element constitutes a circuit resonant to the frequency of the oscillations emitted by the HF generator 54.
- the conductive element consists of a conductive material, for example non-metallic conductive fibers such as carbon fibers or even metal, carrying a continuous or discontinuous coating of a material capable of heating by thermal conduction and either of melting or hardening
- the heating of the conductive material by Joule effect causes, as indicated previously in the case of the operation of the device according to FIG. 1, a heating by conduction of the coating material which, depending on the case, melts if it is thermoplastic or hardens if it is thermosetting, to form a compact and homogeneous coating of the conductive element.
- a filiform conductive element 38 consisting of a ribbon of carbon fibers coated, by an electrostatic powdering process in a fluidized bed, with polyamide powder
- a compact and homogeneous coating of the carbon fiber ribbon was obtained by fusion by thermal conduction of the polyamide powder under the action of the Joule effect heating of the carbon fibers traversed by the high frequency electric current.
- the distance from the conductive element 38 to the support 55 of the antenna was equal to 10 cm while the distance between the short-circuits 12 and 13 was 2 meters.
- the power supplied to the conducting element 38 varied from 530 W to
- the portion of conductive element facing the antenna can pass inside a tube made of a material permeable to electromagnetic waves and in particular quartz, in which there is a slight overpressure of an inert gas.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Constitution Of High-Frequency Heating (AREA)
Abstract
On génère un courant alternatif de fréquence comprise entre 1 MHz et 10 MHz dans une portion de l'élément conducteur (38) limitée par deux courts-circuits (12, 13), ce qui provoque un échauffement par effet Joule de ladite portion d'élément conducteur. Pour générer ledit courant, l'énergie électromagnétique émise par un générateur (1) microondes ou haute fréquence émettant à la fréquence choisie est couplée électriquement ou magnétiquement, au moyen d'un applicateur (2, 7), à la portion d'élément conducteur jouant le rôle d'une antenne accordée sur la fréquence d'émission du générateur (1). Application, entre autres, à l'enrobage homogène d'un élément conducteur, par exemple à base de fibres de carbone, portant un revêtement continu ou discontinu en une matière thermoplastique susceptible de s'échauffer et de fondre par conduction thermique.An alternating current of frequency between 1 MHz and 10 MHz is generated in a portion of the conductive element (38) limited by two short circuits (12, 13), which causes heating by the Joule effect of said portion of conductive element. To generate said current, the electromagnetic energy emitted by a microwave or high frequency generator (1) emitting at the chosen frequency is electrically or magnetically coupled, by means of an applicator (2, 7), to the portion of the conductive element playing the role of an antenna tuned to the transmission frequency of the generator (1). Application, inter alia, to the homogeneous coating of a conductive element, for example based on carbon fibers, carrying a continuous or discontinuous coating of a thermoplastic material capable of heating and melting by thermal conduction.
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT86904198T ATE57452T1 (en) | 1985-06-28 | 1986-06-26 | PROCESS AND PLANT FOR THE HEAT TREATMENT OF A CONDUCTIVE ELEMENT. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR8509877A FR2584258B1 (en) | 1985-06-28 | 1985-06-28 | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR THE HEAT TREATMENT OF A CONDUCTIVE ELEMENT AT LEAST PARTIALLY CONSISTING OF A CONDUCTIVE MATERIAL |
FR8509877 | 1985-06-28 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0228430A1 true EP0228430A1 (en) | 1987-07-15 |
EP0228430B1 EP0228430B1 (en) | 1990-10-10 |
Family
ID=9320766
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP86904198A Expired - Lifetime EP0228430B1 (en) | 1985-06-28 | 1986-06-26 | Method and device for the thermal treatment of a conductor element |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4780585A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0228430B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPS62503199A (en) |
DE (1) | DE3674900D1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2584258B1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1987000387A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4889965A (en) * | 1988-12-15 | 1989-12-26 | Hydro-Quebec | Microwave drying of the paper insulation of high voltage electrotechnical equipments |
US5250773A (en) * | 1991-03-11 | 1993-10-05 | Mcdonnell Douglas Corporation | Microwave heating device |
US5554836A (en) * | 1994-05-23 | 1996-09-10 | The Boc Group, Inc. | Induction heating in low oxygen-containing atmosphere |
KR100909363B1 (en) * | 2006-07-21 | 2009-07-24 | 학교법인 포항공과대학교 | Method of surface modification of carbon fiber by electromagnetic radiation |
ITVI20120280A1 (en) * | 2012-10-22 | 2014-04-23 | Cartigliano Off Spa | GENERATOR DEVICE FOR AN ALTERNATED ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD IN RADIO FREQUENCY, METHOD OF CONTROL AND USING SYSTEM OF THIS DEVICE |
FR3067968B1 (en) | 2017-06-22 | 2020-11-06 | Arkema France | FIBROUS MATERIAL IMPREGNATED WITH THERMOPLASTIC POLYMER |
FR3067961B1 (en) | 2017-06-22 | 2020-11-06 | Arkema France | METHOD OF MANUFACTURING A FIBROUS MATERIAL IMPREGNATED WITH THERMOPLASTIC POLYMER |
FR3067962B1 (en) | 2017-06-22 | 2020-11-06 | Arkema France | METHOD OF MANUFACTURING A FIBROUS MATERIAL IMPREGNATED WITH THERMOPLASTIC POLYMER |
TWI665349B (en) * | 2018-01-29 | 2019-07-11 | 永虹先進材料股份有限公司 | Fiber pre-oxidation equipment |
Family Cites Families (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR959008A (en) * | 1950-03-23 | |||
US2640142A (en) * | 1946-10-04 | 1953-05-26 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Microwave heating |
GB1092861A (en) * | 1963-06-19 | 1967-11-29 | John Crawford | Method and apparatus for heat treating coal |
US3320396A (en) * | 1964-06-18 | 1967-05-16 | Technology Instr Corp | Electronic oven |
FR1532710A (en) * | 1966-06-29 | 1968-07-12 | Philips Nv | Device for heating metal wire by resistance using a high-frequency electric current |
US3461261A (en) * | 1966-10-31 | 1969-08-12 | Du Pont | Heating apparatus |
US3452176A (en) * | 1967-05-24 | 1969-06-24 | Melvin L Levinson | Heating a moving conductor by electromagnetic wave irradiation in the microwave region |
FR1569046A (en) * | 1968-03-29 | 1969-05-30 | ||
US3571551A (en) * | 1968-04-03 | 1971-03-23 | Furukawa Electric Co Ltd | High frequency heating apparatus |
US3590202A (en) * | 1970-02-24 | 1971-06-29 | Bechtel Corp | Construction for tuning microwave heating applicator |
JPS5032876B2 (en) * | 1971-09-11 | 1975-10-24 | ||
US4186044A (en) * | 1977-12-27 | 1980-01-29 | Boeing Commercial Airplane Company | Apparatus and method for forming laminated composite structures |
-
1985
- 1985-06-28 FR FR8509877A patent/FR2584258B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1986
- 1986-06-26 JP JP61503652A patent/JPS62503199A/en active Pending
- 1986-06-26 EP EP86904198A patent/EP0228430B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1986-06-26 DE DE8686904198T patent/DE3674900D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1986-06-26 WO PCT/FR1986/000226 patent/WO1987000387A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1986-06-26 US US07/031,558 patent/US4780585A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO8700387A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO1987000387A1 (en) | 1987-01-15 |
FR2584258B1 (en) | 1995-04-14 |
FR2584258A1 (en) | 1987-01-02 |
EP0228430B1 (en) | 1990-10-10 |
DE3674900D1 (en) | 1990-11-15 |
US4780585A (en) | 1988-10-25 |
JPS62503199A (en) | 1987-12-17 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
EP0228430B1 (en) | Method and device for the thermal treatment of a conductor element | |
EP1148762A1 (en) | Induction heating device having transverse flux and variable width inductor | |
EP0043740B1 (en) | Plasma generator | |
CA1306075C (en) | Coaxial cavity electron accelator | |
FR2671931A1 (en) | DEVICE FOR DISTRIBUTING MICROWAVE ENERGY FOR EXCITATION OF PLASMA | |
FR2487628A1 (en) | COUPLED CAVITY PARTICLE ACCELERATOR | |
EP0462011A1 (en) | Induction heating coil | |
FR2468274A1 (en) | DEVICE FOR WELDING A THERMOPLASTIC COATING PACKAGING MATERIAL COMPRISING A LAYER OF ELECTRO-CONDUCTIVE MATERIAL, BY A HIGH FREQUENCY MAGNETIC FIELD | |
CA2037518A1 (en) | Sheet or web material microwave processing apparatus | |
WO2014041280A1 (en) | Device for generating plasma having a high range along an axis by electron cyclotron resonance (ecr) from a gaseous medium | |
CH617885A5 (en) | ||
FR2509755A1 (en) | APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR HIGH SPEED CATHODIC SPRAY | |
EP2053631A1 (en) | Method and device for plasma treatment of moving substrates | |
FR2969028A1 (en) | Resonator unit for heating plastic preform in beverage producing industry, has adjusting element that is moved with respect to resonator chamber based on movement of preform with respect to resonator chamber | |
EP0060174B1 (en) | Band-pass filter with dielectric resonators | |
FR2483970A2 (en) | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR THE THERMAL TREATMENT OF SPINNING ELEMENTS | |
Cherni et al. | Tuning of nonlinear optical properties by size and photonic intensity in CdS/ZnSe core/shell quantum dot-matrix pattern | |
WO1999044393A1 (en) | Method and device for microwave heating of a material | |
FR2678132A1 (en) | METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING AN ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION ABSORBING SCREEN. | |
FR2458610A1 (en) | Thermal yarn processing unit | |
EP0295981B1 (en) | Electron curtain accelerator | |
FR2668673A1 (en) | HIGH-FREQUENCY OR MICROWAVE RESIN APPLICATOR FOR THERMALLY TREATING PLANAR MATERIAL IN CONTINUOUS SCROLL. | |
FR2521786A2 (en) | Pass band filter with dielectric resonators - uses ferrimagnetic elements subjected to external magnetic field to modify resonant frequency | |
EP0506566A1 (en) | Method and apparatus for heating a silizium glasfibre on a fibrating installation | |
US20220305560A1 (en) | Metal powder bed additive manufacturing apparatus and methods |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 19870311 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE FR GB IT LI LU NL SE |
|
17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 19890825 |
|
RAP1 | Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred) |
Owner name: INSTITUT TEXTILE DE FRANCE Owner name: SOCIETE NATIONALE ELF AQUITAINE |
|
GRAA | (expected) grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: B1 Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE FR GB IT LI LU NL SE |
|
REF | Corresponds to: |
Ref document number: 57452 Country of ref document: AT Date of ref document: 19901015 Kind code of ref document: T |
|
REF | Corresponds to: |
Ref document number: 3674900 Country of ref document: DE Date of ref document: 19901115 |
|
ITF | It: translation for a ep patent filed | ||
GBT | Gb: translation of ep patent filed (gb section 77(6)(a)/1977) | ||
PLBE | No opposition filed within time limit |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT |
|
26N | No opposition filed | ||
ITTA | It: last paid annual fee | ||
EPTA | Lu: last paid annual fee | ||
EAL | Se: european patent in force in sweden |
Ref document number: 86904198.8 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: GB Ref legal event code: IF02 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: AT Payment date: 20020517 Year of fee payment: 17 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: SE Payment date: 20020521 Year of fee payment: 17 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Payment date: 20020612 Year of fee payment: 17 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: CH Payment date: 20020614 Year of fee payment: 17 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: LU Payment date: 20020617 Year of fee payment: 17 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Payment date: 20020618 Year of fee payment: 17 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FR Payment date: 20020627 Year of fee payment: 17 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: BE Payment date: 20020701 Year of fee payment: 17 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: NL Payment date: 20030520 Year of fee payment: 18 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: LU Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20030626 Ref country code: GB Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20030626 Ref country code: AT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20030626 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: SE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20030627 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: LI Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20030630 Ref country code: CH Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20030630 Ref country code: BE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20030630 |
|
BERE | Be: lapsed |
Owner name: *INSTITUT TEXTILE DE FRANCE Effective date: 20030630 Owner name: SOC. NATIONALE *ELF AQUITAINE Effective date: 20030630 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: NL Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20040101 Ref country code: DE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20040101 |
|
EUG | Se: european patent has lapsed | ||
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: PL |
|
GBPC | Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 20030626 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20040227 |
|
NLV4 | Nl: lapsed or anulled due to non-payment of the annual fee |
Effective date: 20040101 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: ST |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: IT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES;WARNING: LAPSES OF ITALIAN PATENTS WITH EFFECTIVE DATE BEFORE 2007 MAY HAVE OCCURRED AT ANY TIME BEFORE 2007. THE CORRECT EFFECTIVE DATE MAY BE DIFFERENT FROM THE ONE RECORDED. Effective date: 20050626 |