EP0227424B1 - Rauchpfeifen - Google Patents

Rauchpfeifen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0227424B1
EP0227424B1 EP86309841A EP86309841A EP0227424B1 EP 0227424 B1 EP0227424 B1 EP 0227424B1 EP 86309841 A EP86309841 A EP 86309841A EP 86309841 A EP86309841 A EP 86309841A EP 0227424 B1 EP0227424 B1 EP 0227424B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pipe
rod
incombustible
component
smoking
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP86309841A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0227424A2 (de
EP0227424A3 (en
Inventor
Christopher Ralph Bale
Raymond Allen Bryant
Stephen John Garrett
Beresford Roy Gill
Trevor Cecil Jennings
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Imperial Tobacco Group Ltd
Original Assignee
Imperial Tobacco Ltd Great Britain
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Imperial Tobacco Ltd Great Britain filed Critical Imperial Tobacco Ltd Great Britain
Priority to AT86309841T priority Critical patent/ATE91851T1/de
Publication of EP0227424A2 publication Critical patent/EP0227424A2/de
Publication of EP0227424A3 publication Critical patent/EP0227424A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0227424B1 publication Critical patent/EP0227424B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24F—SMOKERS' REQUISITES; MATCH BOXES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES
    • A24F13/00—Appliances for smoking cigars or cigarettes
    • A24F13/02—Cigar or cigarette holders
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24F—SMOKERS' REQUISITES; MATCH BOXES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES
    • A24F1/00—Tobacco pipes
    • A24F1/28—Tubular pipes, e.g. in the form of cigars
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24F—SMOKERS' REQUISITES; MATCH BOXES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES
    • A24F1/00—Tobacco pipes
    • A24F1/32—Selection of materials for pipes

Definitions

  • This invention concerns improvements in or relating to smoking pipes.
  • a disposable pipe for use with a preformed rod or plug of smoking material, the rod by itself being inherently unsmokable.
  • a "pipe” in the context of this invention is a holder or container for a smoking material which holds or contains the smoking material during the smoking operation but is not itself wholly consumed during the smoking operation.
  • the smoking material envisaged by this invention includes tobacco, reconstituted tobacco, non-cellulosic material, or any combination thereof; and preformed rod made therefrom is made so as to be inherently unsmokable until it has been inserted in the pipe.
  • GB2116827 discloses a smoking pipe for use with a preformed rod of smoking material, the pipe having a cylindrical portion adapted to receive and extend substantially over the length of the rod when the rod is inserted into the pipe, said cylindrical portion being provided with an incombustible cylindrical component which is adapted to extend substantially over the length of the rod and which is provided with ventilation means.
  • the rod by itself is inherently unsmokable and said ventilation means is capable of sustaining static combustion of the rod when lit and is provided by the combination of apertures in the incombustible cylindrical component with an inner tubular member that is permeable and combustible.
  • the rod by itself is inherently unsmokable and said ventilation means is capable of sustaining static combustion of the rod when lit by virtue of the incombustible component comprising a thin walled solid ceramic tube, the inherent permeability of the tube being in the range 5 - 200 Coresta units.
  • the rod by itself is inherently unsmokable and said ventilation means is capable of sustaining static combustion of the rod when lit, said ventilation means being provided by at least one channel between the pipe and the rod when the rod is within the pipe, said at least one channel extending from the lit end towards the mouth end of the pipe.
  • the pipe of the invention permits the combustion and smoking of preformed rods or plugs of tobacco or other smoking material, that by themselves are inherently unsmokable, and combines ease of use and cleanliness with reduce sidestream smoke production, low fire ignition proclivity, retainment of ash within the pipe, and reduced weight of tobacco or other smoking material.
  • Layer 12, the innermost layer of the laminate 9, is a sheet of permeable paper of permeability in the range 5 - 200 Coresta units.
  • the paper of layer 12 is of controlled air permeability and burn rate.
  • a Coresta unit is defined as a flow rate of millilitres of air per minute per Square centimetre cross-section area of flow per Kilopascal pressure.
  • Layer 14 the middle layer of the laminate 9, is a paper sheet with a substance of 40 - 200 g m ⁇ 2 containing clay or other inorganic filler treated with a fireproofing agent such as sodium silicate (waterglass) and/or disodium orthophosphate.
  • Layer 14 is perforated mechanically with about 50 holes 18, each of an area of about 15 mm2 and spaced regularly round the periphery of the pipe.
  • Layer 16 the outermost layer of the laminate 9, is a wrapper for cosmetic purposes and comprises an embossed aluminium foil which is also provided with holes 19 corresponding in position to the holes 18 in layer 14 so that ventilating air may pass through the holes 19,18 and then through the permeable paper 12 into the interior of the pipe. Layer 16 may be omitted without affecting the function of the pipe.
  • the rod 30 is of a preformed construction, such as smoking tobacco moulded, extruded, pressed, or pelleted with an adhesive, or may be wrapped in an open or highly permeable cellulosic web such as "teabag” tissue, and is characterised in that it is inherently unsmokeable by the user until it has been inserted within the pipe 10.
  • teabag cellulosic web
  • the rod 30 When the rod 30 is within the pipe 10 it will be covered by the permeable paper 12 and, when lit, will then be smokeable by the user. It will be clear that, for efficient and safe smoking, the dimensions of the rod 30 will be such that it is a close fit within the pipe 10.
  • Teabag tissue is a coarse woven cellulosic web consisting of a pattern of thin areas, which in this context we shall refer to as "apertures".
  • a teabag tissue may have about 25 "apertures” in a rectangular or diamond-shaped array per square centimetre, each "aperture” having dimensions of about 1 mm x 1 mm.
  • the typical thickness of a teabag tissue "aperture” is 1 fibre, the regions of the web defining the boundaries of the "apertures” being several fibres thick.
  • the teabag tissue may be strengthened by means of strips or strings of strengthening materials such as cotton, plastics, or impermeable paper.
  • a smoke filter plug 20 integral with the pipe 10 is provided at the mouth end of the pipe and is inserted in an optional mouthpiece 22 made of a plastics or ceramic material.
  • the filter plug 20 is made of cellulose acetate fibre or tow, as is common in the art, but other materials or modes of construction may be preferred.
  • the filter plug 20 is spaced from the tobacco rod 30 by a cylindrical air space.
  • a strip of cigarette paper 24 Overlying the attachment between the mouthpiece 22 and the pipe 10 is provided a strip of cigarette paper 24 which is provided with ventilating apertures 26 to permit ventilating air to enter the spaces between the filter plug 20 and the tobacco rod 30.
  • the size and number of the apertures 26 will depend on the smoking characteristics desired but will typically provide diluting air in the range 0 - 80% of the volume of a puff.
  • the strip of cigarette paper 24 is optional.
  • the holes 18 in layer 14 may be of any shape of individual area in the range 1 to 20 mm ⁇ 2, and the number of holes 10 may be from 20 to 200.
  • Layer 14 may alternatively be made from fireproof paper-like materials formed from glass fibre, ceramic fibre or carbon fibre in combination with cellulose fibre or alone in combination with each other.
  • the permeable layer 12 may, if required, contain burn control and ash modifying additives such as sodium citrate or potassium citrate or di-ammonium phosphate.
  • the pipe 40 of Figure 3 is similar in most respects to the pipe 10 of Figure 1 except that, instead of being a linear cylinder, the lower part 13 of the pipe 40 that receives the rod 30 is at an obtuse angle to the upper part 11 of the pipe 40, and no filter plug is provided.
  • the lower part 13 is of the same general construction as the pipe 10 of Figures 1 and 2; that is, it is made of the ventilated laminate 9 described above.
  • the upper part 11 is of a flattened cylindrical shape, and provides a mouthpiece similar to that of the mouth end of a traditional tobacco pipe.
  • the pipe 50 of Figure 4 is of identical shape to the pipe 40 of Figure 3.
  • the lower part 13 is formed from a thin walled (0.4 - 1 mm) solid ceramic or glass fibre tube 15 wherein the inherent permeability of the tube is in the range 5 - 200 Coresta units.
  • the provision of a controlled permeability inner layer 12 of paper is not necessary to maintain combustion of the tobacco rod 30.
  • the pipe 10 of Figures 1 and 2 may be formed from a thin walled (0.4 - 1 mm) solid ceramic tube wherein the inherent permeability of the tube is within the range 5 - 200 Coresta units.
  • the provision of a controlled permeability inner layer 12 of paper is not necessary to maintain combustion of the tobacco rod 30.
  • the ceramic tube may incorporate a smoke filter plug and/or mouthpiece and/or ventilation holes.
  • the pipe 10 may be constructed from a thin walled solid ceramic tube in which holes of any shape with an individual area in the range 1 to 20 mm2 are formed.
  • This embodiment will require an inner liner 12 of controlled air permeability paper in order to sustain adequate combustion of the tobacco rod 30.
  • the pipe 10 will typically have an external circumference in the range 23 - 35 mm and an overall length (not including the mouthpiece) in the range 7 - 120 mm. In the embodiments where the pipe has large perforations these may extend from 28 to 70 mm from the lighting end and may number from 20 to 200, depending on the overall dimensions of the individual holes and of the pipe itself.
  • a small area of adhesive may be provided on the inner face of the pipe 10 so as to anchor the tobacco rod 30 when the rod is inserted into the pipe.
  • the pipe of the invention may be provided with a flavour generation capsule, or it may itself be impregnated with a flavour-generating substance.
  • the outside of the pipe may be provided with means such as thermochromic crystals to indicate the temperature of the pipe and hence how far the smoker has smoked the tobacco within the pipe.
  • Ventilation of the rod in the pipe so as to maintain static combustion when lit may alternatively be provided by one or more channels between the rod and the pipe extending from the lit end towards the mouth end. These channels may or may not be combined with ventilation through the wall of the pipe.
  • the channels may be provided in the inner wall of the pipe or may be provided in the structure of the rod. The size of the channels will be chosen so as to suit the smoker's requirements.
  • the laminated pipe of the invention may conveniently be made using known convolute tube making technology whereby one or more layers of paper or other web material are wound round a former and glued together with adhesive. It is convenient in the present invention to use a fire-proof silicate based adhesive.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Cigarettes, Filters, And Manufacturing Of Filters (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Tobacco Products (AREA)
  • Pyrane Compounds (AREA)
  • Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
  • Saccharide Compounds (AREA)
  • Pinball Game Machines (AREA)

Claims (24)

  1. Rauchpfeife (10) zur Verwendung in Verbindung mit einem vorgeformten Stab aus Rauchmaterial, mit einem zylindrischen Teil (9), der den Stab aufnehmen und sich im wesentlichen über die Länge des Stabes erstrecken kann, wenn der Stab in die Pfeife eingeführt ist, und der mit einer nicht brennbaren zylindrischen Komponente (14) versehen ist, die sich über im wesentlichen die Länge des Stabes (30) erstrecken kann und die eine Ventilationsvorrichtung (19) aufweist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Stab (30) selbst an sich nicht rauchbar ist und die Ventilationsvorrichtung (19) in der Lage ist, eine statische Verbrennung des Stabes (30) nach dem Anzünden aufrecht zu erhalten, und daß die Ventilation durch die Kombination von Öffnungen (19) in der nicht brennbaren zylindrischen Komponente (14) mit einem inneren, rohrförmigen Bauteil (12), das luftdurchlässig und brennbar ist, erreicht wird.
  2. Rauchpfeife nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das innere rohrförmige Bauteil (12) aus Papier besteht.
  3. Rauchpfeife nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das innere rohrförmige Bauteil (12) aus Papier mit einer Permeabilität im Bereich von 5 - 200 Coresta-Einheiten besteht.
  4. Rauchpfeife nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Papier (12) die Verbrennung steuernde und die Asche modifizierende Zusätze enthält.
  5. Rauchpfeife nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die die Verbrennung steuernden und die Asche modifizierenden Zusätze aus der Gruppe ausgewählt sind, die aus Natriumzitrat, Kaliumzitrat und Di-Ammoniumphosphat bestehen.
  6. Rauchpfeife nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die nicht brennbare zylindrische Komponente (14) und das innere rohrförmige Bauteil (12) miteinander ein Laminat bilden.
  7. Rauchpfeife nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die nicht brennbare zylindrische Komponente (14) in einem ventilierten Umhüller (16) eingeschlossen ist.
  8. Rauchpfeife nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der ventilierte Umhüller (16) eine perforierte Aluminiumfolie aufweist.
  9. Rauchpfeife nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die nicht brennbare zylindrische Komponente (14) aus einem Zellulosematerial, das mit einem feuerfesten Mittel behandelt ist, besteht.
  10. Rauchpfeife nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die nicht brennbare Komponente (14) ein Papierblatt mit einer Substanz von 40 - 200 gm⁻² ist, die Ton oder anderen anorganischen Füllstoff, behandelt mit einem feuerfesten Mittel, enthält.
  11. Rauchpfeife nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das feuerfeste Mittel aus der Gruppe ausgewählt ist, die aus Natriumsilikat und Di-Natriumorthophosphat besteht.
  12. Rauchpfeife nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die nicht brennbare zylindrische Komponente (14) aus einem an sich nicht brennbaren faserförmigen Material hergestellt ist.
  13. Rauchpfeife nach Anspruch 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die nicht brennbare Komponente (14) aus einem feuerfesten blattförmigen Material besteht, das aus Glasfaser, keramischer Faser oder Kohlenstoffaser, allein, in Kombination mit anderen oder in Kombination mit Zellulosefasern hergestellt ist.
  14. Rauchpfeife nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die nicht brennbare Komponente (14) perforiert ist.
  15. Rauchpfeife nach Anspruch 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die nicht brennbare Komponente (14) mit 20 - 200 Löchern, jeweils mit einem Flächeninhalt zwischen 1 und 20 mm², versehen ist.
  16. Rauchpfeife nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein Kleber auf der Innenseite der Pfeife (10) vorgesehen ist, um den Stab (30) innerhalb der Pfeife festzulegen.
  17. Rauchpfeife nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in der Pfeife ein Filterpfropfen (20) stromabwärts in bezug auf den Teil der Pfeife vorgesehen ist, der den Stab aufnehmen kann.
  18. Rauchpfeife nach Anspruch 17, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Filterpfropfen (20) so positioniert ist, daß er einen Raum zwischen dem Pfropfen (20) und dem Stab (30) ergibt, wenn der Stab in der Pfeife angeordnet ist.
  19. Rauchpfeife nach Anspruch 18, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine Ventilation (26) in dem Raum zwischen Pfropfen und Stab vorgesehen ist.
  20. Rauchpfeife nach Anspruch 1, mit einem Mundstück (22).
  21. Rauchpfeife nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der zylindrische Teil der Pfeife in einem stumpfen Winkel zum übrigen Teil der Pfeife angeordnet ist.
  22. Rauchpfeife (10) zur Verwendung in Verbindung mit einem vorgeformten Stab aus Rauchmaterial, mit einem zylindrisahen Teil (9), der den Stab aufnehmen und sich im wesentlichen über die Länge des Stabes erstrecken kann, wenn der Stab in die Pfeife eingeführt ist, und der mit einer nicht brennbaren zylindrischen Komponente (14) versehen ist, die sich über im wesentlichen die Länge des Stabes (30) erstrecken kann und eine Ventilationsvorrichtung (19) aufweist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Stab (30) selbst an sich nicht rauchbar ist, und daß die Ventilationsvorrichtung (19) in der Lage ist, eine statische Verbrennung des Stabes (30) nach dem Anzünden aufgrund der nicht brennbaren Komponente aufrecht zu erhalten, die ein dünnwandiges, festes, keramisches Rohr (15) aufweist, dessen Eigenpermeabilität im Bereich von 5 - 200 Coresta-Einheiten liegt.
  23. Rauchpfeife (10) zur Verwendung in Verbindung mit einem vorgeformten Stab aus Rauchmaterial, mit einem zylindrischen Teil (9), der den Stab aufnehmen und sich im wesentlichen über die Länge des Stabes erstrecken kann, wenn der Stab in die Pfeife eingeführt ist, und der mit einer nicht brennbaren zylindrischen Komponente (14) versehen ist, die sich über im wesentlichen die Länge des Stabes (30) erstrecken kann und eine Ventilationsvorrichtung (19) aufweist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Stab (30) selbst an sich nicht rauchbar ist und die Ventilationsvorrichtung (19) in der Lage ist, eine statische Verbrennung des Stabes (30) nach dem Anzünden aufrecht zu erhalten, und daß die Ventilationsvorrichtung mit mindestens einem Kanal zwischen der Pfeife (10) und dem Stab (30) versehen ist, wenn der Stab in der Pfeife angeordnet ist, wobei der mindestens eine Kanal sich von dem angezündeten Ende zum Mundende der Pfeife erstreckt.
  24. Rauchpfeife nach Anspruch 23, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der mindestens eine Kanal in der Innenwand der Pfeife vorgesehen ist.
EP86309841A 1985-12-19 1986-12-17 Rauchpfeifen Expired - Lifetime EP0227424B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT86309841T ATE91851T1 (de) 1985-12-19 1986-12-17 Rauchpfeifen.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB858531341A GB8531341D0 (en) 1985-12-19 1985-12-19 Smoking pipes
GB8531341 1985-12-19

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0227424A2 EP0227424A2 (de) 1987-07-01
EP0227424A3 EP0227424A3 (en) 1988-02-10
EP0227424B1 true EP0227424B1 (de) 1993-07-28

Family

ID=10590030

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP86309841A Expired - Lifetime EP0227424B1 (de) 1985-12-19 1986-12-17 Rauchpfeifen

Country Status (8)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0227424B1 (de)
JP (1) JPS62208263A (de)
AT (1) ATE91851T1 (de)
DE (1) DE3688784T2 (de)
DK (1) DK604986A (de)
FI (1) FI865198A (de)
GB (2) GB8531341D0 (de)
NO (1) NO865154L (de)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
USD805686S1 (en) 2014-10-02 2017-12-19 Digirettes, Inc. Vaping device
EP3753421B1 (de) 2005-07-19 2021-12-08 JT International SA Verfahren und system zur verdampfung einer substanz
WO2023126505A3 (en) * 2021-12-29 2023-08-10 Nicoventures Trading Limited A component for a delivery system and a method and apparatus for manufacturing a component for a delivery system

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
PL191745B1 (pl) * 1998-01-06 2006-06-30 Philip Morris Prod Artykuł do palenia o zredukowanym strumieniu bocznym dymu
EP1669213A1 (de) 2004-12-09 2006-06-14 Sicpa Holding S.A. Sicherheitselement mit einer Erscheinungsform abhängig von dem Betrachtungswinkel
MX2010003841A (es) 2007-10-26 2010-04-27 Basf Se Elemento de seguridad.
AR089687A1 (es) 2012-01-09 2014-09-10 Philip Morris Products Sa Articulo para fumar con tapa de doble funcion
US20170055581A1 (en) * 2015-08-31 2017-03-02 British American Tobacco (Investments) Limited Article for use with apparatus for heating smokable material
NL1043463B1 (nl) * 2019-11-15 2021-07-29 I Nvention B V Inrichting voor het inzuigen van rook of damp vanuit een doorlaatbare container met bijvoorbeeld cannabis, omvattende een dunwandig pijpje van bijvoorbeeld dun karton

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB988550A (en) * 1962-10-09 1965-04-07 British American Tobacco Co Improvements relating to cigarette holders
US3765428A (en) * 1972-04-12 1973-10-16 J Beam Smoking pipe and preformed charge combination
NL7803694A (nl) * 1978-04-06 1979-10-09 Claessens Prod Consult Werkwijze voor het vervaardigen van een inrichting voor tabaksconsumptie, alsmede inrichting voor tabaks- consumptie.
GB2026300A (en) * 1978-06-02 1980-02-06 Maclachlan P R Coaxial bowl and stem
GB2116827A (en) * 1982-02-03 1983-10-05 Geoffrey Ellis improvements in cigarette holders
DE3563163D1 (en) * 1984-02-29 1988-07-14 Efka Werke Kiehn Gmbh Fritz System for making a cigarette, method and device using the system
DE3437882A1 (de) * 1984-10-16 1986-04-17 Max 8370 Regen Liebich System zur selbstverfertigung von zigaretten durch den verbraucher
GB2174286B (en) * 1985-04-16 1988-06-29 Wuu Chiu Rong Portable cigarette safety ash tube and extinguisher

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3753421B1 (de) 2005-07-19 2021-12-08 JT International SA Verfahren und system zur verdampfung einer substanz
USD805686S1 (en) 2014-10-02 2017-12-19 Digirettes, Inc. Vaping device
USD805687S1 (en) 2014-10-02 2017-12-19 Digirettes, Inc. Vaping device tank
WO2023126505A3 (en) * 2021-12-29 2023-08-10 Nicoventures Trading Limited A component for a delivery system and a method and apparatus for manufacturing a component for a delivery system

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DK604986A (da) 1987-06-20
JPS62208263A (ja) 1987-09-12
NO865154L (no) 1987-06-22
DK604986D0 (da) 1986-12-16
DE3688784T2 (de) 1993-12-23
GB8531341D0 (en) 1986-01-29
GB2184637A (en) 1987-07-01
GB2184637B (en) 1990-03-21
EP0227424A2 (de) 1987-07-01
DE3688784D1 (de) 1993-09-02
FI865198A0 (fi) 1986-12-18
GB8630094D0 (en) 1987-01-28
FI865198A (fi) 1987-06-20
ATE91851T1 (de) 1993-08-15
EP0227424A3 (en) 1988-02-10
NO865154D0 (no) 1986-12-18

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