EP0220223B1 - Zweitaktbrennkraftmaschine mit gesteuerten ventilen - Google Patents

Zweitaktbrennkraftmaschine mit gesteuerten ventilen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0220223B1
EP0220223B1 EP19860902435 EP86902435A EP0220223B1 EP 0220223 B1 EP0220223 B1 EP 0220223B1 EP 19860902435 EP19860902435 EP 19860902435 EP 86902435 A EP86902435 A EP 86902435A EP 0220223 B1 EP0220223 B1 EP 0220223B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cylinder
piston
combustion chamber
valves
exhaust
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP19860902435
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0220223A1 (de
Inventor
Flavio Morosini
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Individual
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Individual
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Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP0220223A1 publication Critical patent/EP0220223A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0220223B1 publication Critical patent/EP0220223B1/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B25/00—Engines characterised by using fresh charge for scavenging cylinders
    • F02B25/02—Engines characterised by using fresh charge for scavenging cylinders using unidirectional scavenging
    • F02B25/04—Engines having ports both in cylinder head and in cylinder wall near bottom of piston stroke
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
    • F01L1/36—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear peculiar to machines or engines of specific type other than four-stroke cycle
    • F01L1/38—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear peculiar to machines or engines of specific type other than four-stroke cycle for engines with other than four-stroke cycle, e.g. with two-stroke cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B33/00—Engines characterised by provision of pumps for charging or scavenging
    • F02B33/02—Engines with reciprocating-piston pumps; Engines with crankcase pumps
    • F02B33/28—Component parts, details or accessories of crankcase pumps, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, subgroups F02B33/02 - F02B33/26
    • F02B33/30—Control of inlet or outlet ports
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B75/00—Other engines
    • F02B75/02—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke
    • F02B2075/022—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke having less than six strokes per cycle
    • F02B2075/025—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke having less than six strokes per cycle two

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a two-stroke engine as described in the first part of claim 1.
  • a two-stroke engine is known for example from CH-A-244 155.
  • two-stroke engines constitute the main organs ensuring distribution.
  • two-stroke engines whether they operate as a diesel engine or as an internal combustion engine, have an engine cycle corresponding to one revolution of the crankshaft, so that the different instants of the cycle and the different phases of the distribution correspond to well-defined crank angles.
  • each particular point of the engine cycle corresponds to a strictly defined piston position in the cylinder, and this is notably the case for the opening of the exhaust, the opening of the fresh gas insufflation duct or the opening of 'admission, closing the intake, and finally closing the exhaust of the burnt gases.
  • the piston sliding in the cylinder is often the only distribution member used: it is a distribution without valves.
  • the cylinder has intake and exhaust ports in its jacket, and suitably arranged in order to obtain a determined sequence of opening and closing of the cylinder. intake and exhaust when the piston masks or unmasks said orifices during its movement.
  • the distribution member used is only constituted by the piston, the angular offsets relative to the bottom dead center (PMB), of the exhaust opening and of the exhaust closure d on the one hand, of the admission opening and the closing of the admission on the other hand, are necessarily symmetrical two by two, that is to say equivalent to the nearest sign.
  • a camshaft associated with rocker arms and other connecting parts actuates valves located at one end of the cylinder. These perform the opening and closing of the intake ports at times determined by the cam profile of the intake ports, the exhaust ports in this case being open and closed by the moving piston.
  • the instants for opening and closing the intake of the engine cycle can be calibrated asymmetrically with respect to the bottom dead center, while the instants for opening and closing the exhaust remain symmetrical with respect to said point in this case. dead low.
  • One of the aims of the present invention is, therefore, to propose a two-stroke engine which eliminates or considerably reduces the drawbacks associated with known embodiments in the current state of the art, that is to say a two-stroke engine having a distribution capable of ensuring good filling of the cylinder with fresh gas, and satisfactory evacuation of the burnt gases.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a two-stroke engine capable of operating with a wide variety of fuels, and this with better characteristics of power, consumption and cost.
  • Document US-A-3 309 865 discloses a two-stroke engine in which there is a cylinder head having an opening closed or opened by a valve controlled by a camshaft, in addition a set of openings is provided in the side wall of the cylinder in the lower region of the combustion chamber; these latter openings can be opened or closed by means of a ring mounted to oscillate in alternating circular directions around the cylinder in a plane perpendicular to the latter.
  • This ring is itself provided with circularly spaced openings, such as the openings provided in the wall of the cylinder.
  • the gas expansion stroke is 150 ° but in return the duration of the intake between 180 ° and 265 ° is only 85 ° and the compression stroke of carburetted gases between 295 ° and 360 ° is only 65 °.
  • An engine according to the invention having at least one cylinder with side wall, closed at its end by a cylinder head and containing a sliding piston limiting in this cylinder a combustion chamber and joined by a connecting rod to a shaft -crankshaft, this combustion chamber being able to be placed in communication with the outside, depending on the position of the piston, by means of at least one and preferably several intake openings provided in the cylinder head and each provided with a shut-off valve controlled by a camshaft to control the entry into the cylinder of a volume of combustion air, and of several exhaust openings provided in the side wall of the cylinder in the region of the end bottom of the combustion chamber with a closure means controlled by a camshaft for controlling the exhaust from the combustion gas cylinder, is characterized in that each of the exhaust openings is associated a shutter valve with a slide movable parallel to the movement of the piston, this motor being furthermore equipped with a separate positive displacement compressor connected to the intake openings provided with valves for supplying combustion air to the combustion
  • the two-stroke engine mainly comprises a block 1 associated with a cylinder 2 in which slides a piston 3.
  • the latter is actuated by means of a connecting rod 4 cooperating with a crank pin 5 secured to the crankshaft (not shown) movable about its axis of rotation 6.
  • the piston 3 actuated by the connecting rod-crank assembly constituted by the connecting rod 4 and the crankshaft, slides in the cylinder 2 and moves, from in known manner, between two extreme positions: a top dead center (TDC) corresponding to a zero angle of rotation of the crankshaft, and a bottom dead center (PMB) corresponding to a 180 degree angle of rotation of the crankshaft.
  • TDC top dead center
  • PMB bottom dead center
  • the circulation intended for gases is of the longitudinal type.
  • the cylinder 2 has at its upper part 7 coinciding with the upper part 8 of the combustion chamber 9, one or more orifices 10 cooperating with valves 11. It also has orifices 12 located in the vicinity of the lower end 13 of the combustion chamber 9, and arranged in the side wall 14 of the cylinder 2.
  • the orifices 10 constitute intake orifices for fresh gases coming from a volumetric compressor (not shown) via an intake duct 15, while the orifices 12 constitute exhaust orifices.
  • the two-stroke engine according to the invention is further provided at the upper part 7 of the cylinder 2, with a spark plug 16 intended in a known manner to ignite the mixture of fresh gas and fuel present in the chamber combustion 9.
  • a spark plug 16 intended in a known manner to ignite the mixture of fresh gas and fuel present in the chamber combustion 9.
  • One or more injectors 17 also placed in the upper part 7 of the cylinder 2, preferably near the intake orifices 10, and opening into the upper part 8 of the combustion chamber 9, make it possible to bring the carb rant in it by direct injection.
  • valves 11 ensuring the admission of fresh gases are controlled by means of a camshaft 18 moved by the crankshaft.
  • the orifices 12 ensuring the exhaust of the used gases cooperate with exhaust valves which are in particular slide valves actuated by means of a camshaft 20 and making it possible to open or to close said exhaust ports 12.
  • the two-stroke engine includes controlled distribution means 21, the operation of which is independent of the geometry of the cylinder 2.
  • These controlled distribution means 21 are constituted by the set of intake valves 11 and exhaust valves 19 controlled respectively by the camshafts 18 and 20 driven by the crankshaft, the piston 3 no longer directly performing the function distribution, as is the case in the current state of the art.
  • the engine cycle obtained is that shown in FIG. 4.
  • the different phases of the operation of the two-stroke engine according to the invention and this during an engine cycle, which corresponds to one revolution made by the crankpin 5.
  • this active work phase ends after a rotation of the crankpin 5 by 135 degrees.
  • the intake phase 28 ends after a rotation of approximately 240 degrees of the engine, corresponding to position 33.
  • the injection 32 of fuel into the combustion chamber 9 via the injector 17 ends at point 34 corresponding to a rotation of 265 degrees in the particular embodiment described.
  • the exhaust phase 26 begins before the intake phase 28, and also ends before the latter, which theoretically guarantees proper operation of the two-stroke engine in accordance with the invention.
  • the setting of the operating points as described can be modified and is not dependent on the construction of the piston 3 and the cylinder 2. It follows that this engine can run on different fuels, in particular petrol, super, diesel, LPG, alcohol or "two-stroke mixture".

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Output Control And Ontrol Of Special Type Engine (AREA)
  • Valve-Gear Or Valve Arrangements (AREA)

Claims (6)

1. Zweitakt-Motor mit wenigstens einem eine Seitenwand aufweisenden Zylinder (2), der an seinem Ende durch einen Zylinderkopf verschlossen ist und einen gleitenden Kolben enthält, welcher seinerseits im Zylinder eine Verbrennungskammer (9) begrenzt und über ein Pleuel mit einer Kurbelwelle verbunden ist, wobei diese Verbrennungskammer (9) in Abhängigkeit von der Kolbenstellung mittels wenigstens eines, vorzugsweise mehrerer Einlaßöffnungen (10) mit der Außenseite in Verbindung setzbar ist, wobei die Einlaßöffnung im Zylinderkopf vorgesehen und jeweils mit einem Verschlußventil (11) ausgestattet sind, das von einer Nockenwelle (18) gesteuert ist, um den Eintritt eines Volumens an Verbrennungsluft in den Zylinder (2) zu steuern, und wobei in der Seitenwand des Zylinders (2) im Bereich des unteren Endes der Verbrennungskammer mehrerer Auslaßöffnung (12) mit einem Verschlußmittel vorgesehen sind, das von einer Nockenwelle (20) gesteuert ist, um den Austritt von Verbrennungsgas aus dem Zylinder (2) zu steuern, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß jeder der Auslaßöffnungen (12) ein gleitbares Ver schlußventil (19) zugeordnet ist, das parallel zur Bewegung des Kolbens (3) verschieblich ist, und der Motor außerdem mit einem getrennten, volumetrischen Kompressor ausgerüstet ist, der an die mit Verschlußventilen versehenen Einlaßöffnungen (10) angeschlossen ist, um Verbrennungsluft in die Verbrennungskammer einzuspeisen.
2. Motor nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Nocke der Nockenwelle (20), welche jedes gleitbare Verschlußventil (19) steuert, so festgesetzt ist, daß sie das Öffnen der Auslaßöffnungen (12) nach einer Verdrehung der Kurbelwelle um 135°, ausgehend vom oberen Totpunkt des Kolbens (3) hervorruft.
3. Motor nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Nocken der Nockenwelle (18, 20), welche jedes Verschlußventil (11) der Einlaßöffnungen (10) bzw. jedes gleitbare Verschlußventil (19) der Auslaßöffnungen (12) steuern, so festgesetzt sind, daß sie jeweils das Öffnen und Verschließen der Ventil (11) der Einlaßöffnungen bei 150° bzw. 240° und das Verschließen der Gleitventile (19) der Auslaßöffnungen (20) bei 225° hervorrufen, wobei die Kompression während einer Verdrehung um 120° der Kurbelwelle bis zum oberen Totpunkt stattfindet.
4. Zweitakt-Motor nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Gleitventile (19) leicht über dem Kolben (3) liegen, wenn dieser seinen unteren Totpunkt (25) einnimmt.
5. Zweitpunkt-Motor nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Steuerzeitpunkte der Verteilungsmittel (21) durch Regulierung der Nockenwellen (18, 20) der Zeit nach einstellbar sind.
6. Zweitakt-Motor nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß er eine im oberen Teil der Verbrennungskammer (9) in der Nähe der Einlaßöffnungen (10) ausmündende Einspritzdüse umfasst, welche die direkte Einspritzung von Brennstoff in die Verbrennungskammer (9) gewährleitet.
EP19860902435 1985-05-03 1986-04-25 Zweitaktbrennkraftmaschine mit gesteuerten ventilen Expired EP0220223B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8506895A FR2581422B1 (fr) 1985-05-03 1985-05-03 Moteur deux temps a soupapes commandees
FR8506895 1985-05-03

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0220223A1 EP0220223A1 (de) 1987-05-06
EP0220223B1 true EP0220223B1 (de) 1989-08-23

Family

ID=9319021

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19860902435 Expired EP0220223B1 (de) 1985-05-03 1986-04-25 Zweitaktbrennkraftmaschine mit gesteuerten ventilen

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0220223B1 (de)
DE (1) DE3665203D1 (de)
FR (1) FR2581422B1 (de)
WO (1) WO1986006789A1 (de)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1988001682A1 (en) * 1986-09-04 1988-03-10 Galbraith Engineering Pty. Ltd. Reciprocatory machines
DE4345385C2 (de) * 1993-12-08 1998-10-08 Kurt Koenig Brennraum für Hubkolben-Brennkraftmaschinen
US6401702B1 (en) 1993-12-08 2002-06-11 Koenig Kurt Controlled two-stroke internal combustion engine
JP2002004865A (ja) * 2000-06-23 2002-01-09 Fuji Heavy Ind Ltd ２サイクルエンジン
FR2816353B1 (fr) * 2000-11-03 2003-02-14 Philippe Beraka Moteur thermique a chemises mobiles

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH244155A (de) * 1943-01-19 1946-08-31 Collinson Nesfield Albert Verfahren zum Betrieb einer Zweitaktverbrennungskraftmaschine und Einrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens.
FR940278A (fr) * 1947-01-21 1948-12-08 Moteur à combustion interne fonctionnant selon le cycle à deux temps
US3309865A (en) * 1965-04-01 1967-03-21 Worthington Corp Internal combustion engine
GB1465273A (en) * 1974-05-14 1977-02-23 Andrew T Reciprocating engines
FR2489413A1 (fr) * 1980-08-28 1982-03-05 Farkas Pierre Moteur thermique a detente prolongee, a compression realisable
US4545346A (en) * 1983-03-21 1985-10-08 Grow Harlow B Internal combustion heat engine and cycle therefor

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO1986006789A1 (fr) 1986-11-20
FR2581422B1 (fr) 1989-04-21
DE3665203D1 (en) 1989-09-28
FR2581422A1 (fr) 1986-11-07
EP0220223A1 (de) 1987-05-06

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