EP0218705A1 - Heating element - Google Patents
Heating elementInfo
- Publication number
- EP0218705A1 EP0218705A1 EP86902769A EP86902769A EP0218705A1 EP 0218705 A1 EP0218705 A1 EP 0218705A1 EP 86902769 A EP86902769 A EP 86902769A EP 86902769 A EP86902769 A EP 86902769A EP 0218705 A1 EP0218705 A1 EP 0218705A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- applying
- refractory material
- track
- heating element
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Alumina Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000000873 masking effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007750 plasma spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000010285 flame spraying Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010411 cooking Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910018487 Ni—Cr Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- VNNRSPGTAMTISX-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium nickel Chemical compound [Cr].[Ni] VNNRSPGTAMTISX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001209 Low-carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000623 nickel–chromium alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/10—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/68—Heating arrangements specially adapted for cooking plates or analogous hot-plates
- H05B3/688—Fabrication of the plates
Definitions
- This invention relates to cooking elements and other devices requiring the electrical heating of a body presenting a continuous heated surface.
- the invention has particular application to cooking elements for stoves, but will find application elsewhere.
- Such elements offer the advantages of greater control and more even heat distribution at low cooking temperatures, and greater ease of cleaning, but suffer in comparison with coils of sheathed tubular elements, in their slowness of response and their susceptibility to rusting.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a cooking element which will combine the advantages of solid disk elements with some of those of the open coil type.
- the invention broadly resides in an electrical cooking element comprising an element body having an electrically insulating surface, an electrical heating element on said surface, and a continuous layer of electrically insulating refractory material applied to said surface and said element.
- Fig. 1 is a bottom plan view of a hotplate disk
- Fig. 2 is a side elevation of the disk
- Figs. 3a to 3d are fragmentary cross-sections of the disk of Fig. 2 during successive steps in the manufacture of the hotplate
- Fig. 4 is a bottom plan view of a completed hotplate assembly with the cover partly broken away
- Fig. 5 is a partly sectioned view of the completed hotplate assembly.
- a hotplate assembly commences with a disk 10 of mild steel, this material being chosen for its thermal conductivity and appropriate mechanical properties.
- the disk 10 is provided with a peripheral step 11 for the reception of a cover and trim ring to be described below.
- Fixed to the disk 10 for example by spot welding is a central steel pin 12, which functions to provide an earth connection to the disk, a mounting point for components of the hotplate, and a thermal connection to the disk for thermostatic control of the hotplate if this is desired.
- a pair of pins 13 and-14 attached to the disk near its periphery are a pair of pins 13 and-14, which serve to support the active and neutral connections to the resistive heating element applied to the disc as described below.
- a thin layer 15 of electrically insulating refractory material is applied to the top surface of the disk 10.
- this layer 15 is produced by the plasma flame spraying of alumina powder.
- alumina in powder form is introduced by means of a carrier gas into a plasma flame produced by the electric arc excitment of an inert gas.
- a suitable form of alumina for this coating 15 is grey alumina powder containing 94% aluminium oxide, 2.5% titanium dioxide, 2% silicon dioxide, 1% iron oxide with the balance being other oxide materials.
- the layer 15 is applied with sufficient passes of a plasma spray to produce a depth of approximately 75 microns.
- this upper layer of alumina is to protect the mild steel disk 10 from oxidation or other deterioration, and to provide an aesthetically pleasing finish for the hotplate.
- an alumina layer 16 in the region of 125 to 150 microns thick, which forms an electrically insulating base layer for the heating element track which is next applied.
- the region of the disk 10 immediately surrounding the pins 13 and 14 is masked by a sleeve 17 during the application of the alumina layer 16, to protect the thread on the pin (not shown) from the alumina spray.
- the masking sleeve 17 is next removed and a sleeve 18 of greater diameter is applied to the pins 13 and 14, as shown in Fig. 3b.
- a mask 19 Now applied over the entire area of the disk 10 is a mask 19, the purpose of which is to define the configuration of the heating element, which is to be applied as a plasma sprayed layer as described immediately below.
- the heating element layer may be applied in any suitable configuration, and a typical configuration is shown in ghost outline in Fig. 4.
- the heating element layer 20 preferably consists of a mixture of alumina and nickel chromium alloy, and is again applied by plasma spraying.
- alumina powder and powdered nickel chromium is supplied to a plasma spray gun from a dual powder feeder, the relative proportions of alumina and nickel chromium being controlled to achieve the desired resistivity for the layer 20.
- a suitable proportion of refractory to resistive material is 50% but of course this may be varied to suit the track dimensions and geometry, and the required dissipation.
- the conductive track 20 is applied to a thickness of approximately 100 microns by successive passes of a dual powder plasma spray gun relative to the workpiece, and the mask 19 is then removed.
- a mixture of the resistive heating material (in this case nickel-chromium) and the refractory material (in this case alumina) is the compatibility which is thus ensured between the superimposed layers of refractory and resistive track. Thus an excellent bond is obtained between these layers.
- a further advantage of this technique is the ease with which the resistivity of the track material may be adjusted by modifying the proportions of the two materials.
- a mask 21 which covers the entire region of the resistive track 20, and exposes only a region around the pins 13 and 14, for the application of a layer 23 of copper, the purposes of which are to provide a region of conductive contact with the underlying track 20 for electrical connection to the track by the terminal assemblies of the hotplate, and to provide a region adjacent the terminals where heat generation does not occur.
- the layer 23 is applied by plasma spraying.
- the mask 21, and the masking sleeve 18, are then removed, the masking sleeve 18 being replaced by a masking sleeve 24 which is provided with a circular base 25, covering the copper layer 23.
- a final insulating layer 22 of alumina is now applied over the entire region of the element track 20, and after removal of the masking sleeve 24, the hotplate is ready for the application of appropriate termination and final assembly.
- the assembled hotplate is provided with active and neutral terminal assemblies 26 and 27 connected with a thermostat 28 mounted on the central post 12.
- a cover 29 engages the disk 10 at the step 11 and is retained by a nut 30 on the post 12, while a trim ring 31 is locked between the edge of the cover 9 and the rearwardly facing face of the step portion 11.
Landscapes
- Resistance Heating (AREA)
- Coating By Spraying Or Casting (AREA)
Abstract
Elément chauffant électrique fabriqué par application d'une couche réfractaire (15) électro-isolante à un corps thermoconducteur (10) par projection à la flamme de plasma et par application ultérieure d'une piste d'éléments (20) sur une surface du corps enduit par projection à la flamme de plasma d'un mélange du matériau réfractaire et d'un matériau chauffant résistant utilisant un masque (19). Une couche finale (21) de matériau réfractaire est ensuite appliquée sur toute la région de la piste d'éléments, à l'exception des zones de contact qui terminent ladite piste.Electric heating element produced by applying an electrically insulating refractory layer (15) to a thermally conductive body (10) by plasma flame projection and by subsequent application of a track of elements (20) on a surface of the body coated by plasma flame spraying with a mixture of the refractory material and a resistant heating material using a mask (19). A final layer (21) of refractory material is then applied over the entire region of the track of elements, with the exception of the contact zones which terminate said track.
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AU139/85 | 1985-04-15 | ||
AUPH013985 | 1985-04-15 | ||
AUPH117185 | 1985-06-24 | ||
AU1171/85 | 1985-06-24 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0218705A1 true EP0218705A1 (en) | 1987-04-22 |
EP0218705A4 EP0218705A4 (en) | 1987-07-30 |
Family
ID=25642933
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP19860902769 Pending EP0218705A4 (en) | 1985-04-15 | 1986-04-15 | Heating element. |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0218705A4 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1986006241A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5296270A (en) * | 1991-09-05 | 1994-03-22 | Custom Training Aids, Inc. | Process for making a thermally radiant surface |
KR100213110B1 (en) * | 1997-06-12 | 1999-08-02 | 윤종용 | Thin film heater and its manufaturing method |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3425864A (en) * | 1965-07-21 | 1969-02-04 | Templeton Coal Co | Method for making electric resistance heaters |
FR2286576A1 (en) * | 1974-09-30 | 1976-04-23 | Gen Electric | RIGID PLATE SURFACE HEATING DEVICE |
EP0015234A1 (en) * | 1979-02-22 | 1980-09-03 | Schweizerische Aluminium AG | Electrically heated hot-plate |
Family Cites Families (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB386742A (en) * | 1931-11-11 | 1933-01-26 | Leonard John Fowler | Improvements in connection with electrical heating apparatus and in the method of constructing the same |
GB606894A (en) * | 1946-06-18 | 1948-08-23 | Alexander Frederic Fekete | Improvements in or relating to electric heating |
BE497861A (en) * | 1949-10-04 | |||
US3309643A (en) * | 1964-01-02 | 1967-03-14 | Massachusetts Inst Technology | Electric heating element |
DE1924202A1 (en) * | 1969-05-12 | 1970-11-19 | Annawerk Keramische Betr E Gmb | Flat electric heater |
AU476103B2 (en) * | 1973-06-20 | 1975-01-09 | Stackpole Carbon Company | Method of making electrical resistance devices and articles made thereby |
AU8262782A (en) * | 1982-04-15 | 1983-10-20 | Raivi, S.A. | Heat radiating plate |
GB8326122D0 (en) * | 1983-09-29 | 1983-11-02 | Ti Group Services Ltd | Electrical heaters |
-
1986
- 1986-04-15 EP EP19860902769 patent/EP0218705A4/en active Pending
- 1986-04-15 WO PCT/AU1986/000099 patent/WO1986006241A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3425864A (en) * | 1965-07-21 | 1969-02-04 | Templeton Coal Co | Method for making electric resistance heaters |
FR2286576A1 (en) * | 1974-09-30 | 1976-04-23 | Gen Electric | RIGID PLATE SURFACE HEATING DEVICE |
EP0015234A1 (en) * | 1979-02-22 | 1980-09-03 | Schweizerische Aluminium AG | Electrically heated hot-plate |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See also references of WO8606241A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO1986006241A1 (en) | 1986-10-23 |
EP0218705A4 (en) | 1987-07-30 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 19861212 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE FR IT LI LU NL SE |
|
A4 | Supplementary search report drawn up and despatched |
Effective date: 19870730 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION IS DEEMED TO BE WITHDRAWN |
|
RIN1 | Information on inventor provided before grant (corrected) |
Inventor name: VUKOVICH, BRANKO |