EP0216187B1 - Metallurgical-furnace vessel, in particular of an arc furnace - Google Patents

Metallurgical-furnace vessel, in particular of an arc furnace Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0216187B1
EP0216187B1 EP86111912A EP86111912A EP0216187B1 EP 0216187 B1 EP0216187 B1 EP 0216187B1 EP 86111912 A EP86111912 A EP 86111912A EP 86111912 A EP86111912 A EP 86111912A EP 0216187 B1 EP0216187 B1 EP 0216187B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
vessel
set forth
furnace
plan
tap hole
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP86111912A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0216187A2 (en
EP0216187A3 (en
Inventor
Joachim Ehle
Gerhard Fuchs
Klaus Kimmer
Horst-Rüdiger Langfeldt
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Primetals Technologies Germany GmbH
Original Assignee
Fuchs Systemtechnik GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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Priority claimed from DE19853533755 external-priority patent/DE3533755A1/en
Priority claimed from DE19853541873 external-priority patent/DE3541873C1/en
Priority claimed from DE19863607906 external-priority patent/DE3607906A1/en
Application filed by Fuchs Systemtechnik GmbH filed Critical Fuchs Systemtechnik GmbH
Priority to AT86111912T priority Critical patent/ATE49290T1/en
Publication of EP0216187A2 publication Critical patent/EP0216187A2/en
Publication of EP0216187A3 publication Critical patent/EP0216187A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0216187B1 publication Critical patent/EP0216187B1/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D11/00—Arrangement of elements for electric heating in or on furnaces
    • F27D11/08—Heating by electric discharge, e.g. arc discharge
    • F27D11/10—Disposition of electrodes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B3/00—Hearth-type furnaces, e.g. of reverberatory type; Tank furnaces
    • F27B3/06—Hearth-type furnaces, e.g. of reverberatory type; Tank furnaces with movable working chambers or hearths, e.g. tiltable, oscillating or describing a composed movement
    • F27B3/065—Hearth-type furnaces, e.g. of reverberatory type; Tank furnaces with movable working chambers or hearths, e.g. tiltable, oscillating or describing a composed movement tiltable
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B3/00—Hearth-type furnaces, e.g. of reverberatory type; Tank furnaces
    • F27B3/08—Hearth-type furnaces, e.g. of reverberatory type; Tank furnaces heated electrically, with or without any other source of heat
    • F27B3/085—Arc furnaces
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B3/00—Hearth-type furnaces, e.g. of reverberatory type; Tank furnaces
    • F27B3/10—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to hearth-type furnaces
    • F27B3/12—Working chambers or casings; Supports therefor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B3/00—Hearth-type furnaces, e.g. of reverberatory type; Tank furnaces
    • F27B3/10—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to hearth-type furnaces
    • F27B3/19—Arrangements of devices for discharging
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D1/00—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs
    • F27D1/18—Door frames; Doors, lids, removable covers
    • F27D1/1858—Doors

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a furnace vessel of a metallurgical furnace, in particular an arc furnace, according to the preamble of claim I.
  • the furnace vessel here has a bay-like projection, in the bottom of which a tap hole is provided.
  • the bay-like projection enables easy access to the tap hole from the inside of the furnace via a maintenance opening which can be closed by a lid, but causes constructional problems.
  • the oriel-like projection with the inner boundary wall in the outline of the furnace vessel according to EP-AI-0128 965 is approximately trapezoidal or rectangular in shape formed, and the side walls of the bay window are arranged in a certain way to the furnace interior, which may have a circular or oval shape.
  • an electro-metal melting furnace with a fixed furnace vessel in which at least one tap opening is arranged in the bottom of the furnace vessel.
  • the furnace vessel can also have a shape deviating from the circular shape in plan, for example it can be oval in plan.
  • the upper vessel has the same layout as the lower vessel. In such a furnace vessel, because of the poor accessibility of the tap hole, the replacement of the tap channel stones and filling of the tap hole after tapping with a filling compound is relatively complex.
  • the invention has for its object to provide easy access to the tap hole for maintenance work in an arc furnace with a furnace vessel of the type mentioned in the preamble of claim I without having to provide an oriel-like projection on the furnace vessel.
  • this goal should be achievable by simple modifications without changing the design for the electrode structure and, if possible, the lid structure and the lid structure.
  • the tap hole is not in a projecting oriel of the furnace vessel, but in the bottom of a circular or oval bottom vessel in plan.
  • the volume of the vessel increases in comparison to vessels with an outwardly projecting oriel if the total length of the vessel is used as the basis for the comparison.
  • the part of the upper part of the upper part, in which the maintenance opening is provided, which is offset or displaceable relative to the lower part of the upper part of the container, allows easy access to the tap hole, even though this is not in the area of an oriel-like projection, but within the circular or oval lower part of the plan .
  • the vessel part offset towards the center of the vessel is designed as a niche provided in the upper vessel, which projects into the interior of the vessel and in the bottom of which the maintenance opening is provided.
  • the niche In order to prevent charging material from remaining on the top of the niche when charging the furnace, it is preferably provided with one or more roof-like bevels.
  • the niche can be designed as an indentation of at least one of the water-cooled wall elements of the upper vessel.
  • the upper vessel has a wall element section that can be moved into the interior of the vessel, which in the inwardly moved or offset state forms a niche as in the first exemplary embodiment and, when viewed in the outwardly moved state, produces the usual wall profile of the upper vessel.
  • the constructive solution according to the first exemplary embodiment is therefore only implemented temporarily, that is to say if access to the tap hole is required for maintenance work, but during normal furnace operation the niche penetrating into the furnace interior is removed and it is with regard to the stress that the Niche-forming wall elements created the same conditions as for an upper vessel without a niche-shaped indentation.
  • the niche shape can be realized in the wall element section which can be moved into the interior of the vessel in that it has a lower part and side parts which form a shield from the interior of the furnace vessel when the wall element section is moved into the interior of the vessel.
  • the maintenance opening must be provided in the lower part.
  • the lower part and / or the side parts can, for example, be composed of cooling tubes and be water-cooled.
  • the movable wall element section is preferably designed as a swivel part, wherein the swivel axis can be arranged horizontally or vertically.
  • a hydraulic cylinder can be used as the drive unit for the swivel part, which is fastened at one end to the swivel part and at the other end to the upper vessel, preferably to a water cooling ring running around the outside of the upper edge of the upper vessel.
  • the upper end face of the refractory lining of the lower vessel with cooling elements e.g. Provide cooling pipes.
  • the inner upper edge of the refractory lining of the lower vessel is preferably aligned approximately vertically with the inner surface of the wall element of the upper vessel there. In this way it is avoided that slag or charging material is deposited on the upper end face of the refractory lining of the lower vessel and can block the movable wall element section.
  • the measure can be achieved by a segment section of the upper vessel that is straight in plan or by a slight local bulge of the lower vessel in the tapping area.
  • the furnace vessel preferably has an oval shape in plan form, which is formed by two semicircular disks connected by a rectangle.
  • the lower vessel is oval in plan view and the upper vessel in the upper section is circular in plan view, the vessel part of the upper vessel offset above the tap hole from the lower vessel is obtained in that the central axes of the oval lower vessel and the round upper vessel, as stated in claim 16, are offset from one another.
  • the volume of the molten bath can be increased when converting an arc furnace, and without having to increase its height, which would result in an increase in the freshness time when the molten iron melt was decarburized, without the lid construction and the construction of the electrode and lid supporting structure to have to change.
  • the outline of the furnace vessel is approximately oval according to Fig. I. Strictly speaking, the floor plan corresponds to the connection of a rectangular center piece with two semicircular disks, the length of the rectangle between these semicircular disks being indicated by the double arrow A in FIG. Piece A corresponds approximately to the distance between the central axes of the electrodes.
  • the electrodes are arranged centrally to the center of the vessel, as shown in FIG.
  • Fig. 3 shows a schematic sectional view through the furnace vessel.
  • a tap hole II is located in the bottom 12 of the lower vessel 4 near the edge of the vessel. Closure devices for closing the tap hole are not shown here.
  • the furnace vessel is tiltable.
  • the upper vessel 3 has a niche 6 above the tap hole II, which penetrates into the interior of the vessel.
  • the niche 6 is formed by an indentation of one or more water-cooled wall elements of the upper vessel 3.
  • the top of the niche 6 is formed by two bevels 10 in the form of a roof.
  • the underside of the niche 6 is formed towards the molten metal 5 (FIG. 2) by a water-cooled bottom 8, in which - aligned vertically with the tap hole 11 - a maintenance opening 9 is formed, which can be closed by a cover 7.
  • the underside of the niche 6 is approximately 600 to 1200 mm above the maximum permissible bath level of the molten metal.
  • tap hole II Access to tap hole II is possible from the outside of upper vessel 3, as indicated by an arrow 16 in FIG. 3. Since the underside of the niche 6 has a relatively small distance from the tap hole II, this is easily accessible.
  • an electric jack which is movable by means of rollers in the direction indicated by an arrow 14 along a rail 15 which is attached to the upper vessel.
  • FIGS. 5 to 8 show a furnace vessel 101 of an arc furnace in plan view. 4 and in FIGS. 5 to 8, as in FIGS. I to 3, are of no further interest rende parts of the arc furnace, such as the furnace lid, the electrodes with the electrode support arms, a closure device for the tap hole in the bottom of the vessel and the like not shown.
  • the furnace vessel 101 has an approximately oval cross section. More precisely, the floor plan corresponds to two circular disc halves that are connected to each other by a rectangle.
  • the furnace vessel 101 has a lower vessel 102, which is delivered with a refractory lining 104.
  • the upper end face of the lining 104 is exposed, as shown in FIG. 4.
  • an upper vessel 103 In this area there is an upper vessel 103, the inside of which is lined with straight and curved, water-cooled wall elements 106.
  • a water cooling ring 105 runs around the upper outer edge of the upper vessel 103. The connections for water cooling are not shown here.
  • a tap area 107 In the area of the narrow side of the furnace vessel 101 shown in FIG. 4 there is a tap area 107, shown by broken lines, in which a tap opening 108 is located in the bottom of the vessel (see FIG. 5).
  • the outline of the upper vessel 103 corresponds approximately to that of the lower vessel 102, but in the tapping area 107 the upper vessel 103 has a non-round, rectilinear shape.
  • the circumferential water cooling ring 105 has an elongated, straight section 111.
  • the water-cooled wall elements of the upper vessel 103 are designed as flat plates.
  • a water-cooled wall element 109 is designed to be pivotable toward the center of the furnace in the manner described in more detail below and has side parts 112 on its outwardly facing edges, one of which is shown in FIG. 5.
  • FIG. 5 shows the details of the wall element 109 which can be pivoted towards the center of the furnace and the parts of the furnace vessel connected therewith. Swiveling the wall element 109 into the position shown in broken lines in FIG. 5 enables access to the tap hole 108 in the bottom of the lower vessel 102, for which purpose a maintenance opening, which will be explained in more detail below, is provided.
  • the two lateral edges of the wall element 109 are adjoined by water-cooled, approximately trapezoidal cross-section, and the lower edge of the wall element 109 is adjoined by an arcuate cross-section 116 made of cooling tubes.
  • the lower part 116 there is a roughly square or circular maintenance opening 117 which, when the wall element 109 is pivoted towards the center of the vessel, coincides with its center approximately with the vertical 121 of the tap hole 108.
  • the water-cooled wall element 109 and the side parts 112 adjoining it on the outside and the lower part 116 form a shield against the interior of the furnace vessel when working on the tap hole 108.
  • Such works are e.g. cleaning the taphole when there is no more molten metal 113 or only a metal sump in the lower vessel.
  • the swivel part 109, 112, 116 is mounted on a horizontal swivel axis 120 which is mounted on the upper outer edge of the upper vessel 103.
  • the straight section 111 of the water cooling ring running around the upper edge of the upper vessel 103 has two holding arms 114 on its outside, at the outer end of which a lifting cylinder 115 is articulated, the piston rod of which is articulated to the outside of the wall element 109.
  • the pivoting part can be pivoted about the horizontal pivot axis 120 between the two positions shown in FIG. 5 by solid lines on the one hand and dashed lines on the other hand.
  • copper cooling tubes 119 are provided in the area of the wall element 109 on the upper end face 118 of the lining 104.
  • the lower vessel 102 has vertical side walls in the tapping area 107. In this area, the inner surface of the wall element 109 is flush with the upper inner edge 110 of the vertical lining 104.
  • FIG. 6 shows a further embodiment of the invention.
  • the same and similar parts as in Fig. 4 are provided with reference numerals increased by 100. Parts already described should not be described again.
  • the main difference between the embodiments according to FIG. 4 and according to FIG. 6 is that according to FIG. 6 the furnace vessel 201 has a circular cross section and only in the tapping area 207 does the lower vessel have a bulge 225 which projects so far outwards that the The inside of the water-cooled wall element 209 located there is flush with the upper inner edge 210 of the refractory lining 204 - similar to the embodiment according to FIG Avoid a shoulder on the upper vessel to the lower vessel, on which slag could stick.
  • FIG. 7 shows a representation corresponding to FIG. 5 for an oven vessel of the type shown in FIG. 6.
  • the side wall of the lower vessel 202 is designed as a bulge 225. Its upper inner edge 210 is flush with the inner surface of the pivotable wall element 209.
  • cooling tubes shown in FIG. 5 are not provided on the end face of the lining of the lower vessel.
  • the wall element 109 or 209 with its parts adjoining it on the outside is pivoted about a horizontal pivot axis on the upper outer edge of the upper vessel.
  • 8 shows an embodiment in which a vertical pivot axis 120 'is provided.
  • the swivel part provided for access to the tap hole consists of the water-cooled wall element which can be swiveled horizontally about the vertical swivel axis 120 ' 109 ', which at the same time forms a side part of the pivoting part, a side section 112' with a circular arc in cross section, a flat lower part 116 'in which a maintenance opening 117' is formed, and an upper part (not shown) which corresponds in shape to the lower part.
  • a hydraulic cylinder 115 ' is attached to the circumferential water cooling ring 105 on the outer circumference of the upper vessel.
  • Piston rod 123 engages on the outer end of a tab 122 which is welded to the outside of the wall element 109 '.
  • the tab 122 together with a tab (not shown) arranged parallel to it at a distance, receives the vertical pivot axis 120 '.
  • the pivoting part which can be pivoted about a horizontal or vertical axis enables access to the tap hole in the bottom of the vessel.
  • the pivoting part is pivoted back outward so that the pivotable wall element 109 or 109 ' fits into the assembly of the other water-cooled wall elements 106 or 206 of the upper vessel.
  • the furnace vessel 301 of an arc furnace shown in FIGS. 9 and 10 contains a lower vessel 303 which receives a molten metal 302 and has a refractory lining 304 and a tap hole 305 which is arranged eccentrically in the bottom and which is closed at the bottom by a closure member 306.
  • This closure member can be pivoted from the closed position shown in FIG. 9 into a release position exposing the tap opening 305.
  • the upper vessel 309 On the upper edge 307 of the lower vessel 303 is an upper vessel 309 formed from liquid-cooled wall elements 308 with its lower edge 310.
  • the upper vessel 309 has a first upper vessel section 311, which in the top view (cf. FIG. 10) is in the form of a circular ring with a first center point 312.
  • the lower vessel 303 has a second vessel section 313, which is in the plan view a circular sector is formed with a second center point 314, which coincides with the first center point 312.
  • the central angle 315 of the circular ring sector is 180 ° , that is to say the circular ring sector is designed as a semicircular ring sector.
  • the central angle 315 should be between 120 ° and 180 ° .
  • the lower vessel 303 also has a third vessel section 316, which, in the plan view according to FIG. 10, is designed like the second vessel section 313 in the form of a circular ring sector with a central angle 315 of 180 ° and lies opposite this.
  • a third circle center 317 is assigned to the third vessel section 316, which is offset outwards from the second circle center by the distance 318.
  • the lower vessel 303 also has a fourth vessel section 319, which connects the second and third vessel sections 313 and 316 in a straight line in the plan view according to FIG. 10, so that the upper edge 307 of the lower vessel 303, as shown in FIG. 10, shows one has an oval shape. If the central angle 315 is less than 180 ° , it is expedient to ensure a smooth transition if the fourth vessel section 319 connects the second and third vessel sections with a slight outward curve in plan view. This case is not shown.
  • the upper vessel 309 also has a fifth lower vessel section 320, the lower edge 310 of which is adapted to the oval shape of the upper edge 307 of the lower vessel 303.
  • the tap hole 305 is located in the top view (FIG. 10) on the longitudinal axis 321 of the oval lower vessel 303 and is close to the vessel wall.
  • the furnace vessel can be tilted in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the oval lower vessel.
  • a furnace cradle 322 and a hydraulic cylinder 323 are provided for this purpose.
  • the fifth vessel section 320 is formed cylindrically in the part shown on the right in FIGS. 9 and 10 in the same way as the first vessel section 111 and in the area shown on the left in these figures, that is to say stepwise in the transition area from the first to the third and fourth vessel sections. In the plan view according to FIG. 10, this step-shaped fifth vessel section presents itself as a piece of circular sickle.
  • a maintenance opening 327 which can be closed by a cover 326 and which allows access to the tap hole 305, is located diagonally above the tap opening 305 in the fifth vessel section. Via this maintenance opening, for example, after tapping, the tap opening 305 can also be filled using free-flowing, refractory material.
  • a tube 329 is provided along an edge with outlet openings directed inwards obliquely to the level of the maintenance opening 327. Through this tube, gas jets directed obliquely into the interior are generated which, like a curtain, prevent the hot furnace gases from escaping.
  • the embodiment according to FIGS. 11 and 12 differs from that according to FIGS. 9 and 10 in that the fifth vessel section 320 in the transition region from the first to the third and fourth vessel sections is not stepped, but rather is inclined.
  • the fifth vessel section 320 in the transition region from the first to the third and fourth vessel sections is not stepped, but rather is inclined.
  • the electrode support arms 330 run transversely to the longitudinal axis 321 of the oval lower vessel.
  • the upper edge of the upper vessel is circular.
  • the furnace according to the invention does not differ from a round furnace with regard to the cover and the electrode support arms and the cover support structure, not shown, and that the cover, cover support structure and electrode support remain unchanged when a round furnace is converted.
  • the volume and at the same time the bath surface can be increased by about a third if, as in the case shown, the distance 318 between the center points 314 and 317 is approximately the distance between Electrode axes is made. Since not only the volume but also the bath surface area is increased, the necessary fresh time is not increased, which means that there are no procedural disadvantages associated with the volume increase.
  • the furnace vessel according to the invention does not have an oriel-like projection, access to the tap hole is provided via the wall of the upper vessel, the distance to water-cooled elements in the endangered area above the tap hole being increased compared to an oriel-like projection.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Ofengefäß eines metallurgischen Ofens, insbesondere eines Lichtbogenofens, nach dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruches I.The invention relates to a furnace vessel of a metallurgical furnace, in particular an arc furnace, according to the preamble of claim I.

Durch die DE-AI-32 41 987 und die EP-AI-0128 965 sind kippbare Ofengefäße dieser Art bekannt geworden. Das Ofengefäß weist hier einen erkerartigen Vorsprung auf, in dessen Boden eine Abstichöffnung vorgesehen ist. Der erkerartige Vorsprung ermöglicht über eine durch einen Deckel verschließbare Wartungsöffnung eine leichte Zugänglichkeit des Abstichloches von der Ofeninnenseite, verursacht jedoch konstruktive Probleme. Um beim Abstechen Einflüssen der Abstichströmung auf die auf der Metallschmelze schwimmende Schlacke während des Abstichvorganges entgegenzuwirken und ein weitgehend schlackenfreies Abstechen zu ermöglichen, ist bei dem Ofengefäß nach der EP-AI-0128 965 der erkerartige Vorsprung mit seiner inneren Begrenzungswand im Grundriß annähernd trapezförmig oder rechteckförmig ausgebildet, und es werden die Seitenwände des Erkers in einer bestimmten Weise zu dem Ofeninnenraum angeordnet, der einen kreisförmigen oder ovalförmigen Grundriß haben kann.DE-AI-32 41 987 and EP-AI-0128 965 tiltable oven vessels of this type are known. The furnace vessel here has a bay-like projection, in the bottom of which a tap hole is provided. The bay-like projection enables easy access to the tap hole from the inside of the furnace via a maintenance opening which can be closed by a lid, but causes constructional problems. In order to counteract the influence of the tapping flow on the slag floating on the molten metal during the tapping process and to enable largely slag-free tapping, the oriel-like projection with the inner boundary wall in the outline of the furnace vessel according to EP-AI-0128 965 is approximately trapezoidal or rectangular in shape formed, and the side walls of the bay window are arranged in a certain way to the furnace interior, which may have a circular or oval shape.

Durch die DE-C2-29 21 702 ist ein Elektro-Metallschmelzofen mit feststehendem Ofengefäß bekanntgeworden, bei dem im Boden des Ofengefäßes mindestens eine Abstichöffnung angeordnet ist. Das Ofengefäß kann auch eine im Grundriß von der Kreisform abweichende Form haben, es kann beispielsweise im Grundriß oval ausgebildet sein. Das Obergefäß weist den gleichen Grundriß wie das Untergefäß auf. Bei einem solchen Ofengefäß ist wegen der schlechten Zugänglichkeit des Abstichloches das Auswechseln der Abstichkanalsteine und Ausfüllen des Abstichloches nach dem Abstich mit einer Verfüllmasse verhältnismäßig aufwendig.From DE-C2-29 21 702 an electro-metal melting furnace with a fixed furnace vessel has become known, in which at least one tap opening is arranged in the bottom of the furnace vessel. The furnace vessel can also have a shape deviating from the circular shape in plan, for example it can be oval in plan. The upper vessel has the same layout as the lower vessel. In such a furnace vessel, because of the poor accessibility of the tap hole, the replacement of the tap channel stones and filling of the tap hole after tapping with a filling compound is relatively complex.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, bei einem Lichtbogenofen mit einem Ofengefäß der im Oberbegriff des Anspruches I genannten Art einen einfachen Zugang zum Abstichloch für Wartungsarbeiten zu ermöglichen, ohne an dem Ofengefäß einen erkerartigen Vorsprung vorsehen zu müssen. Dieses Ziel soll bei vorhandenen Öfen durch einfache Umbauten ohne Änderung der Konstruktion für das Elektrodentragwerk und möglichst auch der Deckelkonstruktion und des Deckeltragwerkes erreichbar sein.The invention has for its object to provide easy access to the tap hole for maintenance work in an arc furnace with a furnace vessel of the type mentioned in the preamble of claim I without having to provide an oriel-like projection on the furnace vessel. In existing furnaces, this goal should be achievable by simple modifications without changing the design for the electrode structure and, if possible, the lid structure and the lid structure.

Die Erfindung ist durch die Merkmale des Anspruches I gekennzeichnet. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind den übrigen Ansprüchen zu entnehmen.The invention is characterized by the features of claim I. Advantageous embodiments of the invention can be found in the remaining claims.

Bei der erfindungsgemäßen Lösung befindet sich das Abstichloch nicht in einem vorspringenden Erker des Ofengefäßes, sondern im Boden eines im Grundriß kreisförmigen oder ovalen Untergefäßes. Bei ovaler Form des Untergefäßes, die bei einem Umbau eines runden Untergefäßes einfach und ohne Probleme bei der Stabilität erhalten werden kann, vergrößert sich das Gefäßvolumen im Vergleich zu Gefäßen mit nach außen vorspringendem Erker, wenn man die Gesamtlänge des Gefäßes zur Grundlage des Vergleichs macht. Durch den gegenüber dem Untergefäß zur Gefäßmitte hin versetzten oder versetzbaren Gefäßteil des Obergefäßes, in dem die Wartungsöffnung vorgesehen ist, wird ein einfacher Zugang zum Abstichloch ermöglicht, obwohl sich dieses nicht im Bereich eines erkerartigen Vorsprunges, sondern innerhalb des im Grundriß kreisförmigen oder ovalen Untergefäßes befindet.In the solution according to the invention, the tap hole is not in a projecting oriel of the furnace vessel, but in the bottom of a circular or oval bottom vessel in plan. With an oval shape of the lower vessel, which can easily be obtained by converting a round lower vessel and without problems in terms of stability, the volume of the vessel increases in comparison to vessels with an outwardly projecting oriel if the total length of the vessel is used as the basis for the comparison. The part of the upper part of the upper part, in which the maintenance opening is provided, which is offset or displaceable relative to the lower part of the upper part of the container, allows easy access to the tap hole, even though this is not in the area of an oriel-like projection, but within the circular or oval lower part of the plan .

Der zur Gefäßmitte hin versetzte Gefäßteil ist bei einer ersten Ausführungsform der Erfindung als eine im Obergefäß vorgesehene Nische ausgebildet, die in das Gefäßinnere ragt und in deren Boden die Wartungsöffnung vorgesehen ist. Um zu verhindern, daß beim Chargieren des Ofens Chargiermaterial auf der Oberseite der Nische liegen bleibt, ist diese vorzugsweise mit einer oder mehreren dachähnlichen Abschrägungen versehen. Die Nische kann als Einbuchtung mindestens eines der wassergekühlten Wandelemente des Obergefäßes ausgebildet sein.In a first embodiment of the invention, the vessel part offset towards the center of the vessel is designed as a niche provided in the upper vessel, which projects into the interior of the vessel and in the bottom of which the maintenance opening is provided. In order to prevent charging material from remaining on the top of the niche when charging the furnace, it is preferably provided with one or more roof-like bevels. The niche can be designed as an indentation of at least one of the water-cooled wall elements of the upper vessel.

Bei einer zweiten Ausführungsform weist das Obergefäß einen in das Innere des Gefäßes bewegbaren Wandelementabschnitt auf, der im nach innen bewegten oder versetzten Zustand eine Nische wie beim ersten Ausführungsbeispiel bildet und im nach außen bewegten Zustand von innen aus gesehen den üblichen Wandverlauf des Obergefäßes herstellt. Beim zweiten Ausführungsbeispiel wird somit die konstruktive Lösung nach dem ersten Ausführungsbeispiel nur vorübergehend realisiert, das heißt, wenn für Wartungsarbeiten ein Zugang zum Abstichloch erforderlich wird, während des üblichen Ofenbetriebs ist die in das Ofeninnere eindringende Nische jedoch entfernt und es sind hinsichtlich der Beanspruchung der die Nische bildenden Wandelemente die gleichen Verhältnisse geschaffen wie bei einem Obergefäß ohne nischenförmige Einbuchtung.In a second embodiment, the upper vessel has a wall element section that can be moved into the interior of the vessel, which in the inwardly moved or offset state forms a niche as in the first exemplary embodiment and, when viewed in the outwardly moved state, produces the usual wall profile of the upper vessel. In the second exemplary embodiment, the constructive solution according to the first exemplary embodiment is therefore only implemented temporarily, that is to say if access to the tap hole is required for maintenance work, but during normal furnace operation the niche penetrating into the furnace interior is removed and it is with regard to the stress that the Niche-forming wall elements created the same conditions as for an upper vessel without a niche-shaped indentation.

Die Nischenform läßt sich bei dem in das Innere des Gefäßes bewegbaren Wandelementabschnitt dadurch realisieren, daß dieser ein Unterteil und Seitenteile besitzt, die eine Abschirmung gegenüber dem Inneren des Ofengefäßes bilden, wenn der Wandelementabschnitt in das Gefäßinnere bewegt ist. Im Unterteil ist hierbei die Wartungsöffnung vorzusehen. Das Unterteil und/oder die Seitenteile können beispielsweise aus Kühlrohren zusammengesetzt und wassergekühlt sein. Vorzugsweise ist der bewegbare Wandelementabschnitt als Schwenkteil ausgebildet, wobei die Schwenkachse horizontal oder vertikal angeordnet sein kann. Als Antriebseinheit für das Schwenkteil kann ein Hydraulikzylinder verwendet werden, der mit einem Ende an dem Schwenkteil und mit dem anderen Ende am Obergefäß, vorzugsweise an einem an der Oberkante des Obergefäßes außen umlaufenden Wasserkühlring befestigt ist.The niche shape can be realized in the wall element section which can be moved into the interior of the vessel in that it has a lower part and side parts which form a shield from the interior of the furnace vessel when the wall element section is moved into the interior of the vessel. The maintenance opening must be provided in the lower part. The lower part and / or the side parts can, for example, be composed of cooling tubes and be water-cooled. The movable wall element section is preferably designed as a swivel part, wherein the swivel axis can be arranged horizontally or vertically. A hydraulic cylinder can be used as the drive unit for the swivel part, which is fastened at one end to the swivel part and at the other end to the upper vessel, preferably to a water cooling ring running around the outside of the upper edge of the upper vessel.

Um ein Anbacken des bewegbaren Wandelementabschnittes an der feuerfesten Auskleidung des Untergefäßes zu vermeiden, ist vorzugsweise im Bereich des bewegbaren Wandelementabschnitts die obere Stirnseite der feuerfesten Auskleidung des Untergefäßes mit Kühlelementen, z.B. Kühlrohren versehen.In order to avoid caking of the movable wall element section on the refractory lining of the lower vessel, the upper end face of the refractory lining of the lower vessel with cooling elements, e.g. Provide cooling pipes.

Vorzugsweise fluchtet im Abstichbereich die innere Oberkante der feuerfesten Auskleidung des Untergefäßes vertikal etwa mit der Innenfläche des dortigen Wandelementes des Obergefäßes. Auf diese Weise wird vermieden, daß sich auf der oberen Stirnseite der feuerfesten Ausmauerung des Untergefäßes Schlacke oder Chargiermaterial ablagern und den bewegbaren Wandelementabschnitt blockieren kann. Die Maßnahme kann erreicht werden durch einen im Grundriß geraden Segmentabschnitt des Obergefäßes oder durch eine geringfügige örtliche Ausbuchtung des Untergefäßes im Abstichbereich.In the tapping area, the inner upper edge of the refractory lining of the lower vessel is preferably aligned approximately vertically with the inner surface of the wall element of the upper vessel there. In this way it is avoided that slag or charging material is deposited on the upper end face of the refractory lining of the lower vessel and can block the movable wall element section. The measure can be achieved by a segment section of the upper vessel that is straight in plan or by a slight local bulge of the lower vessel in the tapping area.

Vorzugsweise weist auch bei der zweiten Ausführungsform das Ofengefäß eine im Grundriß ovale Form auf, die durch zwei durch ein Rechteck verbundene Halbkreisscheiben gebildet ist.In the second embodiment, too, the furnace vessel preferably has an oval shape in plan form, which is formed by two semicircular disks connected by a rectangle.

Bei einer dritten Ausführungsform der Erfindung, die sich insbesondere für Umbauten bestehender Lichtbogenöfen mit runder Gefäßform eignet, ist das Untergefäß in der Draufsicht ovalförmig und das Obergefäß im oberen Abschnitt in der Draufsicht kreisrund ausgebildet, wobei der gegenüber dem Untergefäß oberhalb des Abstichloches versetzte Gefäßteil des Obergefäßes dadurch erhalten wird, daß die Mittelachsen des ovalen Untergefäßes und des runden Obergefäßes, wie im Anspruch 16 angegeben, gegeneinander versetzt sind.In a third embodiment of the invention, which is particularly suitable for conversions of existing arc furnaces with a round vessel shape, the lower vessel is oval in plan view and the upper vessel in the upper section is circular in plan view, the vessel part of the upper vessel offset above the tap hole from the lower vessel is obtained in that the central axes of the oval lower vessel and the round upper vessel, as stated in claim 16, are offset from one another.

Mit einem derart ausgebildeten Ofengefäß läßt sich bei einem Umbau eines Lichtbogenofens das Volumen des Schmelzbades erhöhen, und zwar ohne dessen Höhe vergrößern zu müssen, was eine Erhöhung der Frischzeit beim Entkohlen der erschmolzenen Eisenschmelze zur Folge hätte, ohne die Deckelkonstruktion und die Konstruktion des Elektrodenund Deckeltragwerkes verändern zu müssen. Es genügt bei einem Umbau eines runden Ofengefäßes, sowohl das Obergefäß als auch das Untergefäß in der Mitte aufzutrennen, beim Untergefäß einen Gefäßabschnitt einzusetzen, um die ovale Form zu erhalten und im Obergefäß im Bereich oberhalb des Abstichloches einen zur Gefäßmitte hin versetzten Gefäßteil vorzusehen, der stufenförmig oder schräg ausgebildet sein kann.With a furnace vessel designed in this way, the volume of the molten bath can be increased when converting an arc furnace, and without having to increase its height, which would result in an increase in the freshness time when the molten iron melt was decarburized, without the lid construction and the construction of the electrode and lid supporting structure to have to change. When converting a round oven vessel, it is sufficient to separate both the upper vessel and the lower vessel in the middle, to insert a vessel section in the lower vessel to maintain the oval shape and to provide a vessel part offset in the area above the tap hole in the area above the tap hole can be stepped or inclined.

Die Erfindung wird durch Ausführungsbeispiele anhand von 12 Figuren näher erläutert. Es zeigen:

  • Fig. I einen Grundriß eines Ofengefäßes eines Lichtbogenofens, bei dem das Obergefäß oberhalb des Abstichloches eine Nische aufweist,
  • Fig. 2 eine Schnittansicht längs der Linie II-II von Fig.l,
  • Fig. 3 eine schematische Teil-Schnittansicht des Ofengefäßes nach Fig. I, wobei die Schnittebene der vertikalen Längs-Mittelebene des Ofengefäßes entspricht,
  • Fig. 4 einen Grundriß eines Ofengefäßes, bei dem das Obergefäß einen in das Gefäßinnere bewegbaren Wandelementabschnitt aufweist,
  • Fig. 5 eine Teil-Längsschnittansicht des Ofengefäßes nach Fig. 4,
  • Fig. 6 einen Grundriß eines Ofengefäßes in einer gegenüber Fig. 4 abgewandelten Form,
  • Fig. 7 eine Teil-Längsschnittansicht entsprechend Fig. 5 des Ofengefäßes nach Fig. 6,
  • Fig. 8 eine abgewandelte Ausführungsform mit einem um eine vertikale Schwenkachse in das Innere des Ofengefäßes schwenkbaren Wandelementabschnitt,
  • Fig. 9 und 10 in einem Längsschnitt und in einer Draufsicht, teilweise geschnitten, ein Ofengefäß gemäß einer dritten prinzipiellen Ausführungsform,
  • Fig. 11 und 12 den Fig. I und 2 entsprechende Ansichten einer demgegenüber abgewandelten Ausführungsform.
  • Fig. I zeigt in schematisierter Draufsicht ein kippbares Ofengefäß I eines Lichtbogenofens mit drei Elektroden 2a, 2b und 2c. Das Ofengefäß umfaßt ein Obergefäß 3 aus wassergekühlten Wandelementen und ein aus feuerfestem Material bestehendes oder mit feuerfestem Material ausgekleidetes Untergefäß 4. Der Deckel des Lichtbogenofens, die Elektrodentragarme sowie weitere Teile des Ofens sind in der Zeichnung nicht dargestellt.
The invention is explained in more detail by means of exemplary embodiments with reference to 12 figures. Show it:
  • I is a plan of a furnace vessel of an electric arc furnace, in which the upper vessel has a niche above the tap hole,
  • 2 is a sectional view taken along the line II-II of Fig.l,
  • 3 shows a schematic partial sectional view of the furnace vessel according to FIG. I, the sectional plane corresponding to the vertical longitudinal center plane of the furnace vessel,
  • 4 shows a plan view of an oven vessel in which the upper vessel has a wall element section which can be moved into the interior of the vessel,
  • 5 is a partial longitudinal sectional view of the furnace vessel of FIG. 4,
  • 6 is a plan view of an oven vessel in a form modified from FIG. 4,
  • 7 is a partial longitudinal sectional view corresponding to FIG. 5 of the furnace vessel according to FIG. 6,
  • 8 shows a modified embodiment with a wall element section pivotable about a vertical pivot axis into the interior of the furnace vessel,
  • 9 and 10 in a longitudinal section and in a plan view, partially in section, an oven vessel according to a third basic embodiment,
  • 11 and 12 FIGS. I and 2 corresponding views of a modified embodiment.
  • Fig. I shows a schematic plan view of a tiltable furnace vessel I of an arc furnace with three electrodes 2a, 2b and 2c. The furnace vessel comprises an upper vessel 3 made of water-cooled wall elements and a lower vessel 4 consisting of refractory material or lined with refractory material. The lid of the arc furnace, the electrode support arms and further parts of the furnace are not shown in the drawing.

Der Grundriß des Ofengefäßes ist gemäß Fig. I etwa oval. Genau genommen entspricht der Grundriß der Verbindung eines rechteckigen Mittelstücks mit zwei Halbkreisscheiben, wobei die Länge des Rechtecks zwischen diesen Halbkreisscheiben in Fig. I durch den Doppelpfeil A angedeutet ist. Das Stück A entspricht etwa dem Abstand der Mittelachsen der Elektroden zueinander. Die Elektroden sind zentrisch zur Gefäßmitte angeordnet, wie es in Fig. I gezeigt ist.The outline of the furnace vessel is approximately oval according to Fig. I. Strictly speaking, the floor plan corresponds to the connection of a rectangular center piece with two semicircular disks, the length of the rectangle between these semicircular disks being indicated by the double arrow A in FIG. Piece A corresponds approximately to the distance between the central axes of the electrodes. The electrodes are arranged centrally to the center of the vessel, as shown in FIG.

Fig. 3 zeigt eine schematisierte Schnittansicht durch das Ofengefäß. In dem Gefäßboden 12 des Untergefäßes 4 befindet sich in der Nähe des Gefäßrandes ein Abstichloch II. Verschlußeinrichtungen zum Verschließen des Abstichloches sind hier nicht dargestellt. Das Ofengefäß ist kippbar gelagert.Fig. 3 shows a schematic sectional view through the furnace vessel. A tap hole II is located in the bottom 12 of the lower vessel 4 near the edge of the vessel. Closure devices for closing the tap hole are not shown here. The furnace vessel is tiltable.

Das Obergefäß 3 weist oberhalb des Abstichloches II eine Nische 6 auf, die in das Gefäßinnere eindringt. Die Nische 6 ist durch eine Einbuchtung eines oder mehrerer wassergekühlter Wandelemente des Obergefäßes 3 gebildet. Die Oberseite der Nische 6 wird durch zwei Abschrägungen 10 in Form eines Dachs gebildet. Die Unterseite der Nische 6 wird zur Metallschmelze 5 hin (Fig. 2) durch einen wassergekühlten Boden 8 gebildet, in dem - vertikal ausgerichtet mit dem Abstichloch 11 - eine Wartungsöffnung 9 gebildet ist, die durch einen Deckel 7 verschlossen werden kann. Die Unterseite der Nische 6 befindet sich etwa 600 bis 1200 mm oberhalb des maximal zulässigen Badspiegels der Metallschmelze.The upper vessel 3 has a niche 6 above the tap hole II, which penetrates into the interior of the vessel. The niche 6 is formed by an indentation of one or more water-cooled wall elements of the upper vessel 3. The top of the niche 6 is formed by two bevels 10 in the form of a roof. The underside of the niche 6 is formed towards the molten metal 5 (FIG. 2) by a water-cooled bottom 8, in which - aligned vertically with the tap hole 11 - a maintenance opening 9 is formed, which can be closed by a cover 7. The underside of the niche 6 is approximately 600 to 1200 mm above the maximum permissible bath level of the molten metal.

Der Zugang zu dem Abstichloch II ist von der Außenseite des Obergefäßes 3 her möglich, wie in Fig. 3 durch einen Pfeil 16 angedeutet ist. Da die Unterseite der Nische 6 einen relativ geringen Abstand vom Abstichloch II hat, ist dieses leicht zugänglich.Access to tap hole II is possible from the outside of upper vessel 3, as indicated by an arrow 16 in FIG. 3. Since the underside of the niche 6 has a relatively small distance from the tap hole II, this is easily accessible.

Mit 13 ist ein Elektroheber bezeichnet, der mittels Rollen in der durch einen Pfeil 14 angedeuteten Richtung längs einer Schiene 15 verschiebbar ist, die am Obergefäß befestigt ist. Mittels dieses Elektrohebers ist es möglich, den Deckel 7 oder den wassergekühlten Boden 8 anzuheben und zu entfernen sowie neue Verschleißrohre in das Abstichloch II einzusetzen.With 13 an electric jack is designated, which is movable by means of rollers in the direction indicated by an arrow 14 along a rail 15 which is attached to the upper vessel. By means of this electric lifter, it is possible to lift and remove the cover 7 or the water-cooled base 8 and to insert new wear pipes into the tap hole II.

Fig. 4 zeigt im Grundriß ein Ofengefäß 101 eines Lichtbogenofens. In Fig. 4 sowie in den Fig. 5 bis 8 sind, wie bei den Fig. I bis 3 nicht näher interessierende Teile des Lichtbogenofens, wie z.B. der Ofendeckel, die Elektroden mit den Elektrodentragarmen, eine Verschlußvorrichtung für das Abstichloch im Gefäßboden und dergleichen nicht dargestellt.4 shows a furnace vessel 101 of an arc furnace in plan view. 4 and in FIGS. 5 to 8, as in FIGS. I to 3, are of no further interest rende parts of the arc furnace, such as the furnace lid, the electrodes with the electrode support arms, a closure device for the tap hole in the bottom of the vessel and the like not shown.

Das Ofengefäß 101 besitzt etwa ovalen Querschnitt. Genauer gesagt entspricht der Grundriß zwei Kreisscheibenhälften, die über ein Rechteck miteinander verbunden sind.The furnace vessel 101 has an approximately oval cross section. More precisely, the floor plan corresponds to two circular disc halves that are connected to each other by a rectangle.

Das Ofengefäß 101 besitzt ein Untergefäß 102, das mit einer feuerfesten Ausmauerung 104 zugestellt ist. Die obere Stirnfläche der Ausmauerung 104 liegt frei, wie in Fig. 4 dargestellt ist. In diesem Bereich schließt nach oben ein Obergefäß 103 an, dessen Innenseite mit geraden und gekrümmten, wassergekühlten Wandelementen 106 ausgekleidet ist. An dem oberen Außenrand des Obergefäßes 103 läuft ein Wasserkühlring 105 um. Die Anschlüsse für die Wasserkühlung sind hier nicht dargestellt.The furnace vessel 101 has a lower vessel 102, which is delivered with a refractory lining 104. The upper end face of the lining 104 is exposed, as shown in FIG. 4. In this area there is an upper vessel 103, the inside of which is lined with straight and curved, water-cooled wall elements 106. A water cooling ring 105 runs around the upper outer edge of the upper vessel 103. The connections for water cooling are not shown here.

Im Bereich der in Fig. 4 oben gezeigten Schmalseite des Ofengefäßes 101 befindet sich ein durch gestrichelte Linien dargestellter Abstichbereich 107, in dem sich eine Abstichöffnung 108 im Gefäßboden (vergleiche Fig. 5) befindet.In the area of the narrow side of the furnace vessel 101 shown in FIG. 4 there is a tap area 107, shown by broken lines, in which a tap opening 108 is located in the bottom of the vessel (see FIG. 5).

Der Grundriß des Obergefäßes 103 entspricht etwa demjenigen des Untergefäßes 102, im Abstichbereich 107 besitzt das Obergefäß 103 jedoch eine nicht-runde, geradlinige Form. Hierzu weist der umlaufende Wasserkühlring 105 einen gestreckten, geraden Abschnitt 111 auf. In diesem Bereich sind die wassergekühlten Wandelemente des Obergefäßes 103 als ebene Platten ausgebildet. Ein wassergekühltes Wandelement 109 ist in unten noch näher beschriebener Weise zur Ofenmitte hin schwenkbar ausgebildet und trägt an seinen nach außen weisenden Rändern Seitenteile 112, von denen eines in Fig. 5 dargestellt ist.The outline of the upper vessel 103 corresponds approximately to that of the lower vessel 102, but in the tapping area 107 the upper vessel 103 has a non-round, rectilinear shape. For this purpose, the circumferential water cooling ring 105 has an elongated, straight section 111. In this area, the water-cooled wall elements of the upper vessel 103 are designed as flat plates. A water-cooled wall element 109 is designed to be pivotable toward the center of the furnace in the manner described in more detail below and has side parts 112 on its outwardly facing edges, one of which is shown in FIG. 5.

Fig. 5 zeigt die Einzelheiten des zur Ofenmitte hin verschwenkbaren Wandelements 109 und der damit in Verbindung stehenden Teile des Ofengefäßes. Ein Hineinschwenken des Wandelements 109 bis in die in Fig. 5 gestrichelt dargestellte Stellung ermöglicht den Zugang zu dem Abstichloch 108 im Boden des Untergefäßes 102, wozu eine unten noch näher erläuterte Wartungsöffnung vorgesehen ist.FIG. 5 shows the details of the wall element 109 which can be pivoted towards the center of the furnace and the parts of the furnace vessel connected therewith. Swiveling the wall element 109 into the position shown in broken lines in FIG. 5 enables access to the tap hole 108 in the bottom of the lower vessel 102, for which purpose a maintenance opening, which will be explained in more detail below, is provided.

An die beiden seitlichen Ränder des Wandelements 109 schließen sich wassergekühlte, einen etwa trapezförmigen Querschnitt aufweisende Seitenteile 112 an, und an den unteren Rand des Wandelements 109 schließt sich ein einen bogenförmigen Querschnitt aufweisendes Unterteil 116 aus Kühlrohren an. In dem Unterteil 116 ist eine etwa quadratische oder kreisförmige Wartungsöffnung 117 ausgespart, die bei zur Gefäßmitte hin verschwenktem Wandelement 109 mit ihrer Mitte etwa mit der Lotrechten 121 des Abstichlochs 108 zusammenfällt.The two lateral edges of the wall element 109 are adjoined by water-cooled, approximately trapezoidal cross-section, and the lower edge of the wall element 109 is adjoined by an arcuate cross-section 116 made of cooling tubes. In the lower part 116 there is a roughly square or circular maintenance opening 117 which, when the wall element 109 is pivoted towards the center of the vessel, coincides with its center approximately with the vertical 121 of the tap hole 108.

Das wassergekühlte Wandelement 109 und die daran nach außen anschließenden Seitenteile 112 sowie das Unterteil 116 bilden eine Abschirmung gegenüber dem Inneren des Ofengefäßes, wenn an dem Abstichloch 108 gearbeitet wird. Solche Arbeiten sind z.B. das Säubern des Abstichlochs, wenn sich keine Metallschmelze 113 mehr oder nur ein Metallsumpf in dem Untergefäß befindet.The water-cooled wall element 109 and the side parts 112 adjoining it on the outside and the lower part 116 form a shield against the interior of the furnace vessel when working on the tap hole 108. Such works are e.g. cleaning the taphole when there is no more molten metal 113 or only a metal sump in the lower vessel.

Bei der Ausführungsform nach Fig. 5 ist das Schwenkteil 109, 112, 116 an einer horizontalen Schwenkachse 120 gelagert, die am oberen Außenrand des Obergefäßes 103 gelagert ist. Der gerade Abschnitt 111 des um die Oberkante des Obergefäßes 103 umlaufenden Wasserkühlrings trägt an seiner Außenseite zwei Haltearme 114, an deren äußerem Ende je ein Hubzylinder 115 angelenkt ist, dessen Kolbenstange mit der Außenseite des Wandelements 109 gelenkig verbunden ist. Durch Betätigen der Hubzylinder 115 läßt sich das Schwenkteil um die horizontale Schwenkachse 120 zwischen den beiden in Fig. 5 durch ausgezogene Linien einerseits und gestrichelte Linien andererseits dargestellten Stellungen verschwenken.In the embodiment according to FIG. 5, the swivel part 109, 112, 116 is mounted on a horizontal swivel axis 120 which is mounted on the upper outer edge of the upper vessel 103. The straight section 111 of the water cooling ring running around the upper edge of the upper vessel 103 has two holding arms 114 on its outside, at the outer end of which a lifting cylinder 115 is articulated, the piston rod of which is articulated to the outside of the wall element 109. By actuating the lifting cylinders 115, the pivoting part can be pivoted about the horizontal pivot axis 120 between the two positions shown in FIG. 5 by solid lines on the one hand and dashed lines on the other hand.

Um ein Anbacken des Unterteils 116 des Wandelements 109 an der Oberseite der feuerfesten Ausmauerung 104 zu verhindern, sind im Bereich des Wandelements 109 auf der oberen Stirnseite 118 der Ausmauerung 104 Kupferkühlrohre 119 vorgesehen.In order to prevent caking of the lower part 116 of the wall element 109 on the upper side of the refractory lining 104, copper cooling tubes 119 are provided in the area of the wall element 109 on the upper end face 118 of the lining 104.

Wie in Fig. 5 gezeigt ist, besitzt das Untergefäß 102 im Abstichbereich 107 vertikale Seitenwände. Die Innenfläche des Wandelements 109 fluchtet in diesem Bereich mit der oberen Innenkante 110 der vertikalen Ausmauerung 104.As shown in FIG. 5, the lower vessel 102 has vertical side walls in the tapping area 107. In this area, the inner surface of the wall element 109 is flush with the upper inner edge 110 of the vertical lining 104.

Fig. 6 zeigt eine weitere Ausführungsform der Erfindung. Gleiche und ähnliche Teile wie in Fig. 4 sind mit um 100 erhöhten Bezugsziffern versehen. Bereits beschriebene Teile sollen nicht nochmals beschrieben werden. Der Hauptunterschied zwischen den Ausführungsformen nach Fig. 4 und nach Fig. 6 besteht darin, daß gemäß Fig. 6 das Ofengefäß 201 einen kreisrunden Querschnitt hat und nur im Abstichbereich 207 das Untergefäß eine Ausbuchtung 225 besitzt, die so weit nach außen ragt, daß die Innenseite des dort befindlichen wassergekühlten Wandelements 209 mit der oberen Innenkante 210 der feuerfesten Auskleidung 204 fluchtet - ähnlich wie bei der Ausführungsform nach Fig. 4. Durch diese Maßnahme kann einerseits auf eine obere Abdeckung der Ausbauchung des Untergefäßes verzichtet werden, andererseits wird an der Übergangsstelle vom Obergefäß zum Untergefäß ein Absatz vermieden, auf dem sich Schlacke festsetzen könnte.6 shows a further embodiment of the invention. The same and similar parts as in Fig. 4 are provided with reference numerals increased by 100. Parts already described should not be described again. The main difference between the embodiments according to FIG. 4 and according to FIG. 6 is that according to FIG. 6 the furnace vessel 201 has a circular cross section and only in the tapping area 207 does the lower vessel have a bulge 225 which projects so far outwards that the The inside of the water-cooled wall element 209 located there is flush with the upper inner edge 210 of the refractory lining 204 - similar to the embodiment according to FIG Avoid a shoulder on the upper vessel to the lower vessel, on which slag could stick.

Fig. 7 zeigt eine der Fig. 5 entsprechende Darstellung für ein Ofengefäß der in Fig. 6 gezeigten Art. Die Seitenwand des Untergefäßes 202 ist als Ausbuchtung 225 schräg angelegt. Ihre obere Innenkante 210 fluchtet mit der Innenfläche des verschwenkbaren Wandelements 209.FIG. 7 shows a representation corresponding to FIG. 5 for an oven vessel of the type shown in FIG. 6. The side wall of the lower vessel 202 is designed as a bulge 225. Its upper inner edge 210 is flush with the inner surface of the pivotable wall element 209.

Bei der Ausführungsform nach Fig. 7 sind die in Fig. 5 gezeigten Kühlrohre auf der Stirnseite der Ausmauerung des Untergefäßes nicht vorgesehen.In the embodiment according to FIG. 7, the cooling tubes shown in FIG. 5 are not provided on the end face of the lining of the lower vessel.

Bei den Ausführungsbeispielen nach den Fig. 4 bis 7 wird das Wandelement 109 bzw. 209 mit seinen daran nach außen anschließenden Teilen um eine horizontale Schwenkachse am oberen Außenrand des Obergefäßes verschwenkt. Fig. 8 zeigt eine Ausführungsform, bei der eine vertikale Schwenkachse 120' vorgesehen ist.In the exemplary embodiments according to FIGS. 4 to 7, the wall element 109 or 209 with its parts adjoining it on the outside is pivoted about a horizontal pivot axis on the upper outer edge of the upper vessel. 8 shows an embodiment in which a vertical pivot axis 120 'is provided.

Gemäß Fig. 8 besteht das für den Zugang zu dem Abstichloch vorgesehene Schwenkteil aus dem um die vertikale Schwenkachse 120' horizontal verschwenkbaren, wassergekühlten Wandelement 109', welches gleichzeitig ein Seitenteil des Schwenkteils bildet, einem im Querschnitt kreisbogenförmigen Seitenabschnitt 112', einem flachen Unterteil 116', in welchem eine Wartungsöffnung 117' ausgebildet ist, sowie einem nicht dargestellten, in der Form dem Unterteil entsprechenden Oberteil. An dem am Außenumfang des Obergefäßes umlaufenden Wasserkühlring 105 ist ein Hydraulikzylinder 115' befestigt, dessen. Kolbenstange 123 an dem äußeren Ende einer Lasche 122 angreift, welche an die Außenseite des Wandelementes 109' angeschweißt ist. Die Lasche 122 nimmt zusammen mit einer dazu mit Abstand parallel angeordneten (nicht dargestellten) Lasche die vertikale Schwenkachse 120' auf.According to FIG. 8, the swivel part provided for access to the tap hole consists of the water-cooled wall element which can be swiveled horizontally about the vertical swivel axis 120 ' 109 ', which at the same time forms a side part of the pivoting part, a side section 112' with a circular arc in cross section, a flat lower part 116 'in which a maintenance opening 117' is formed, and an upper part (not shown) which corresponds in shape to the lower part. A hydraulic cylinder 115 'is attached to the circumferential water cooling ring 105 on the outer circumference of the upper vessel. Piston rod 123 engages on the outer end of a tab 122 which is welded to the outside of the wall element 109 '. The tab 122, together with a tab (not shown) arranged parallel to it at a distance, receives the vertical pivot axis 120 '.

Bei den anhand der Fig. 4 bis 8 beschriebenen Ausführungsformen ermöglicht das um eine horizontale oder vertikale Achse schwenkbare Schwenkteil den Zugang zu dem Abstichloch im Gefäßboden. Die mit dem schwenkbaren Wandelement 109 oder 109' verbundenen Unter- und Seitenteile gewährleisten eine gekühlte und kühlende Abschirmung gegenüber dem Gefäßinneren. Beim normalen Schmelzbetrieb ist das Schwenkteil nach außen zurückgeschwenkt, so daß sich das schwenkbare Wandelement 109 bzw. 109' in den Verband der übrigen wassergekühlten Wandelemente 106 bzw. 206 des Obergefäßes einfügt.In the embodiments described with reference to FIGS. 4 to 8, the pivoting part which can be pivoted about a horizontal or vertical axis enables access to the tap hole in the bottom of the vessel. The bottom and side parts connected to the pivotable wall element 109 or 109 'ensure a cooled and cooling shield against the interior of the vessel. In normal melting operation, the pivoting part is pivoted back outward so that the pivotable wall element 109 or 109 ' fits into the assembly of the other water-cooled wall elements 106 or 206 of the upper vessel.

Das in den Fig. 9 und 10 dargestellte Ofengefäß 301 eines Lichtbogenofens enthält ein eine Metallschmelze 302 aufnehmendes Untergefäß 303 mit einer feuerfesten Auskleidung 304 und einem im Boden exzentrisch angeordneten Abstichloch 305, das unten durch ein Verschlußorgan 306 verschlossen ist. Dieses Verschlußorgan kann aus der in Fig. 9 dargestellten Schließposition in eine die Abstichöffnung 305 freigebende Freigabeposition geschwenkt werden.The furnace vessel 301 of an arc furnace shown in FIGS. 9 and 10 contains a lower vessel 303 which receives a molten metal 302 and has a refractory lining 304 and a tap hole 305 which is arranged eccentrically in the bottom and which is closed at the bottom by a closure member 306. This closure member can be pivoted from the closed position shown in FIG. 9 into a release position exposing the tap opening 305.

Auf den oberen Rand 307 des Untergefäßes 303 ist ein aus flüssigkeitsgekühlten Wandelementen 308 gebildetes Obergefäß 309 mit seinem unteren Rand 310 aufgestzt. Das Obergefäß 309 weist einen ersten oberen Gefäßabschnitt 311 auf, der in der Draufsicht (vgl. Fig. 10) in Form eines Kreisrings ausgebildet ist mit einem ersten Kreismittelpunkt 312. Das Untergefäß 303 weist einen zweiten Gefäßabschnitt 313 auf, der in der Draufsicht in Form eines Kreisringsektors ausgebildet ist mit einem zweiten Kreismittelpunkt 314, der mit dem ersten Kreismittelpunkt 312 zusammenfällt. Im dargestellten Fall beträgt der Zentriwinkel 315 des Kreisringsektors 180°, das heißt der Kreisringsektor ist als Halbkreisringsektor ausgebildet. Der Zentriwinkel 315 sollte zwischen 120° und 180° liegen.On the upper edge 307 of the lower vessel 303 is an upper vessel 309 formed from liquid-cooled wall elements 308 with its lower edge 310. The upper vessel 309 has a first upper vessel section 311, which in the top view (cf. FIG. 10) is in the form of a circular ring with a first center point 312. The lower vessel 303 has a second vessel section 313, which is in the plan view a circular sector is formed with a second center point 314, which coincides with the first center point 312. In the case shown, the central angle 315 of the circular ring sector is 180 ° , that is to say the circular ring sector is designed as a semicircular ring sector. The central angle 315 should be between 120 ° and 180 ° .

Das Untergefäß 303 weist außerdem einen dritten Gefäßabschnitt 316 auf, der in der Draufsicht gemäß Fig. 10 wie der zweite Gefäßabschnitt 313 in Form eines Kreisringsektors mit einem Zentriwinkel 315 von 180° ausgebildet ist und diesem gegenüber liegt. Dem dritten Gefäßabschnitt 316 ist ein dritter Kreismittelpunkt 317 zugeordnet, der gegenüber dem zweiten Kreismittelpunkt um den Abstand 318 nach außen versetzt ist.The lower vessel 303 also has a third vessel section 316, which, in the plan view according to FIG. 10, is designed like the second vessel section 313 in the form of a circular ring sector with a central angle 315 of 180 ° and lies opposite this. A third circle center 317 is assigned to the third vessel section 316, which is offset outwards from the second circle center by the distance 318.

Schließlich weist das Untergefäß 303 noch einen vierten Gefäßabschnitt 319 auf, der in der Draufsicht nach Fig. 10 den zweiten und dritten Gefäßabschnitt 313 bzw. 316 geradlinig verbindet, so daß der obere Rand 307 des Untergefäßes 303, wie Fig. 10 erkennen läßt, eine ovale Form besitzt. Falls der Zentriwinkel 315 weniger als 180° beträgt, ist es zur Gewährleistung eines gleichmäßigen Übergangs zweckmäßig, wenn der vierte Gefäßabschnitt 319 in der Draufsicht den zweiten und dritten Gefäßabschnitt jeweils schwach nach außen gekrümmt verbindet. Dieser Fall ist nicht dargestellt.Finally, the lower vessel 303 also has a fourth vessel section 319, which connects the second and third vessel sections 313 and 316 in a straight line in the plan view according to FIG. 10, so that the upper edge 307 of the lower vessel 303, as shown in FIG. 10, shows one has an oval shape. If the central angle 315 is less than 180 ° , it is expedient to ensure a smooth transition if the fourth vessel section 319 connects the second and third vessel sections with a slight outward curve in plan view. This case is not shown.

Das Obergefäß 309 weist noch einen fünften unteren Gefäßabschnitt 320 auf, dessen unterer Rand 310 der ovalen Form des oberen Randes 307 des Untergefäßes 303 angepaßt ist.The upper vessel 309 also has a fifth lower vessel section 320, the lower edge 310 of which is adapted to the oval shape of the upper edge 307 of the lower vessel 303.

Das Abstichloch 305 befindet sich in der Draufsicht (Fig. 10) auf der Längsachse 321 des ovalen Untergefäßes 303 und liegt in der Nähe der Gefäßwand. Das Ofengefäß ist in Richtung der Längsachse des ovalen Untergefäßes kippbar. Zu diesem Zweck sind eine Ofenwiege 322 und ein Hydraulikzylinder 323 vorgesehen. Auf der dem Abstichloch 305 gegenüber liegenden Seite des Ofengefäßes befindet sich in der Gefäßwand eine durch eine Türe 324 verschließbare Arbeitsöffnung 325.The tap hole 305 is located in the top view (FIG. 10) on the longitudinal axis 321 of the oval lower vessel 303 and is close to the vessel wall. The furnace vessel can be tilted in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the oval lower vessel. A furnace cradle 322 and a hydraulic cylinder 323 are provided for this purpose. On the side of the furnace vessel opposite tap hole 305, there is a working opening 325 in the vessel wall which can be closed by a door 324.

Der fünfte Gefäßabschnitt 320 ist in dem in den Fig. 9 und 10 rechts dargestellten Teil zylindrisch in gleicher Weise wie der erste Gefäßabschnitt 111 ausgebildet und im in diesen Figuren links dargestellten Bereich, das heißt im Übergangsbereich vom ersten zum dritten und vierten Gefäßabschnitt stufenförmig. In der Draufsicht gemäß Fig. 10 stellt sich dieser stufenförmige fünfte Gefäßabschnitt als Kreissichelstück dar.The fifth vessel section 320 is formed cylindrically in the part shown on the right in FIGS. 9 and 10 in the same way as the first vessel section 111 and in the area shown on the left in these figures, that is to say stepwise in the transition area from the first to the third and fourth vessel sections. In the plan view according to FIG. 10, this step-shaped fifth vessel section presents itself as a piece of circular sickle.

Schräg oberhalb der Abstichöffnung 305 befindet sich im fünften Gefäßabschnitt eine durch einen Deckel 326 verschließbare Wartungsöffnung 327, die einen Zugang zum Abstichloch 305 ermöglicht. Über diese Wartungsöffnung kann zum Beispiel nach dem Abstechen auch das Auffüllen der Abstichöffnung 305 mittels rieselfähigem, feuerfestem Material erfolgen. Um die Bedienungsperson, die über eine Arbeitsbühne 328 zur Wartungsöffnung 327 gelangen kann, vor den heißen, aus der Wartungsöffnung 327 austretenden, Gasen zu schützen, ist längs eines Randes ein Rohr 329 mit schräg zur Ebene der Wartungsöffnung 327 nach innen gerichteten Austrittsöffnungen vorgesehen. Durch dieses Rohr werden schräg in das Innere gerichtete Gasstrahlen erzeugt, die wie ein Vorhang verhindern, daß die heißen Ofengase austreten können.A maintenance opening 327, which can be closed by a cover 326 and which allows access to the tap hole 305, is located diagonally above the tap opening 305 in the fifth vessel section. Via this maintenance opening, for example, after tapping, the tap opening 305 can also be filled using free-flowing, refractory material. In order to protect the operator, who can reach the maintenance opening 327 via a working platform 328, from the hot gases escaping from the maintenance opening 327, a tube 329 is provided along an edge with outlet openings directed inwards obliquely to the level of the maintenance opening 327. Through this tube, gas jets directed obliquely into the interior are generated which, like a curtain, prevent the hot furnace gases from escaping.

Die Ausführungsform gemäß den Fig. 11 und 12 unterscheidet sich von der nach den Fig. 9 und 10 dadurch, daß der fünfte Gefäßabschnitt 320 im Übergangsbereich vom ersten zum dritten und vierten Gefäßabschnitt nicht stufenförmig, sondern schräg ausgebildet ist. Bei einer solchen Ausbildung kann bei Wahrung eines ausreichenden Sicherheitsabstandes der flüssigkeitsgekühlten Elemente des Obergefäßes von dem Bereich des Metallschmelzbades, der oberhalb der Abstichöffnung liegt, und in dem Eruptionen auftreten können, der Abstand zwischen der Wartungsöffnung 327 und dem Abstichloch 305 verringert und damit die Zugänglichkeit zum Abstichloch verbessert werden. Bei dieser Ausführungsform kommt dem Rohr 329 zur Erzeugung eines Gasschleiers eine erhöhte Bedeutung zu. Im übrigen ist bei dieser Ausführungsform (vgl. Fig. 11) der Boden des Gefäßes zum Abstichloch 305 hin fallend ausgebildet, so daß sich ein Kippen beim Abstechen erübrigt.The embodiment according to FIGS. 11 and 12 differs from that according to FIGS. 9 and 10 in that the fifth vessel section 320 in the transition region from the first to the third and fourth vessel sections is not stepped, but rather is inclined. With such a design, while maintaining a sufficient safety distance of the liquid-cooled elements of the upper vessel from the area of the molten metal bath, which lies above the tap opening and in which eruptions can occur, the distance between the maintenance opening 327 and the tap hole 305 can be reduced, and thus the accessibility to Tap hole can be improved. In this embodiment, tube 329 is created of a gas curtain is of greater importance. Otherwise, in this embodiment (cf. FIG. 11), the bottom of the vessel is designed to fall towards the tap hole 305, so that there is no need to tip over when tapping.

Wie in Fig. 10 und 12 dargestellt ist, verlaufen die Elektrodentragarme 330 quer zur Längsachse 321 des ovalen Untergefäßes. Außerdem ist aus diesen Figuren ersichtlich, daß der obere Rand des Obergefäßes kreisringförmig ausgebildet ist. Dies bedeutet, daß sich der erfindungsgemäße Ofen hinsichtlich des Deckels und der Elektrodentragarme sowie des nicht dargestellten Deckeltragwerkes nicht von einem runden Ofen unterscheidet, und daß bei einem Umbau eines runden Ofens Deckel, Deckeltragwerk und Elektrodentragwerk unverändert bleiben. Trotzdem kann bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Ofen durch Überführung des Untergefäßes aus der runden in eine ovale Form das Volumen und gleichzeitig die Badoberfläche um etwa ein Drittel vergrößert werden, wenn, wie im dargestellten Fall, der Abstand 318 zwischen den Mittelpunkten 314 und 317 etwa dem Abstand der Elektrodenachsen gemacht wird. Da nicht nur das Volumen, sondern auch die Badoberfläche erhöht wird, wird die notwendige Frischzeit nicht vergrößert, das heißt, es sind mit der Volumenvergrößerung keine verfahrensmäßigen Nachteile verbunden.As shown in FIGS. 10 and 12, the electrode support arms 330 run transversely to the longitudinal axis 321 of the oval lower vessel. In addition, it can be seen from these figures that the upper edge of the upper vessel is circular. This means that the furnace according to the invention does not differ from a round furnace with regard to the cover and the electrode support arms and the cover support structure, not shown, and that the cover, cover support structure and electrode support remain unchanged when a round furnace is converted. Nevertheless, by converting the lower vessel from the round to an oval shape in the oven according to the invention, the volume and at the same time the bath surface can be increased by about a third if, as in the case shown, the distance 318 between the center points 314 and 317 is approximately the distance between Electrode axes is made. Since not only the volume but also the bath surface area is increased, the necessary fresh time is not increased, which means that there are no procedural disadvantages associated with the volume increase.

Bei einem Umbau eines runden Ofengefäßes genügt es, sowohl das Obergefäß als auch das Untergefäß in der Mitte aufzutrennen, beim Untergefäß zwischen den dritten und vierten Gefäßabschnitten 313 bzw. 316 den Gefäßabschnitt 319 einzusetzen und beim Obergefäß im Übergangsbereich vom ersten Gefäßabschnitt 311 zum dritten und vierten Gefäßabschnitt 316 bzw. 319 einen stufenförmig oder schräg ausgebildeten Gefäßabschnitt 320 vorzusehen. Obwohl das erfindungsgemäße Ofengefäß keinen erkerartigen Vorsprung aufweist, ist über die Wand des Obergefäßes ein Zugang zum Abstichloch gegeben, wobei im Vergleich zu einem erkerartigen Vorsprung der Abstand zu wassergekühlten Elementen im gefährdeten Bereich oberhalb der Abstichöffnung vergrößert ist.When converting a round oven vessel, it is sufficient to separate both the upper vessel and the lower vessel in the middle, to insert the vessel section 319 for the lower vessel between the third and fourth vessel sections 313 and 316, and for the upper vessel in the transition area from the first vessel section 311 to the third and fourth Vessel section 316 or 319 to provide a step-shaped or inclined vessel section 320. Although the furnace vessel according to the invention does not have an oriel-like projection, access to the tap hole is provided via the wall of the upper vessel, the distance to water-cooled elements in the endangered area above the tap hole being increased compared to an oriel-like projection.

Claims (23)

1. A furnace vessel of a metallurgical furnace, in particular an electric arc furnace, which includes:
a) a lower vessel (4, 102, 202, 303) for accommodating a molten metal bath (5, 113, 213, 302) and having a refractory lining (104, 204, 304) and a tap hole (11, 108, 208, 305) which is disposed eccentrically in the floor,
b) further, an upper vessel (3, 103, 203, 309) which is formed from fluid-cooled wall elements (106, 109, 206, 209, 303) and having a lower edge (310) which is fitted on to the upper edge (307) of the lower vessel (4, 102, 202, 303), and
c) above the tap hole (11, 108, 208, 305), a maintenance opening (9,117,117', 217,327) which is closable by cover (7, 326), characterized in that
d) the tap hole (11, 108, 208, 305) is arranged within a lower vessel (4, 102, 202, 303) which is circular or oval in plan, in the region of the longitudinal axis (321) of the oval form of the lower vessel, in the vicinity of the wall of the vessel, and
e) the upper vessel (3, 103, 203, 309), above the tap hole (11, 108, 208, 305), includes a vessel portion (6, 109/112/116, 109'/112'/116', 209/212/216, 320) which is displaced or is displaceable relative to the lower vessel towards the centre of the vessel and in which the maintenance opening (9, 117, 117', 217, 327) is provided.
2. A vessel as set forth in claim 1 characterized in that above the tap hole (11) the upper vessel (3) has a recess (6), the maintenance opening (9) being provided in the floor of the recess.
3. A vessel as set forth in claim 2 characterized in that the top side of the recess (6) is provided with one or more roof-like inclined portions (10).
4. A vessel as set forth in claim 2 or claim 3 characterized in that the recess (6) is in the form of an inwardly extending bay configuration in at least one of the water-cooled wall elements of the upper vessel (3).
5. A vessel as set forth in one of claims 1 through 4 characterized in the configuration in plan view of the lower vessel (4, 102, 303) includes two semicircular disc portions connected by a rectangular portion and the tap hole (11, 108, 305) is arranged at the edge of the vessel.
6. A vessel as set forth in claim 1 characterized in that in the region (107, 207) above the tap hole (108, 208), the upper vessel (103, 203) has a wall element portion (109/112/116, 209/212/216, 109'/112'/116') which is movable into the interior of the vessel to a position above the tap hole.
7. A vessel as set forth in claim 6 characterized in that the movable wall element portion has a lower part (116,216,116) and side parts (112,212,109', 112') which form a shielding means with respect to the interior of the furnace vessel (101, 201) when the wall element portion has been moved towards the interior of the vessel, and that a maintenance opening (117,217,117') is provided in the lower part (116, 216, 116').
8. A vessel as set forth in claim 6 or claim 7 characterized in that the movable wall element portion (109/112/116, 209/212/216, 109'/112'/116') is formed as a pivotal member.
9. A vessel as set forth in claim 8 characterized in that a hydraulic cylinder (115, 215, 115') is connected as a drive unit to the pivotal member, the hydraulic cylinder being supported on the upper vessel.
10. A vessel as set forth in claim 8 or claim 9 characterized in that the pivot axis (120, 220) of the pivotal member is arranged horizontally.
11. A vessel as set forth in claim 8 or claim 9 characterized in that the pivot axis (120') of the pivotal member (109/112/116) is arranged vertically, while the wall element (109) of the tapping region forms a side part of the pivotal member.
12. A vessel as set forth in one of claims 6 through 10 characterized in that in the region of the movable wall element portion the upper end face (118) of the refractory lining (104) of the lower vessel (102) is provided with cooling elements (119).
13. A vessel as set forth in one of claims 6 through 12 characterized in that in the tapping region (107, 207) the inner upper edge (110, 210) of the refractory lining (104, 204) of the lower vessel (102, 202) is substantially aligned vertically with the inside surface of the wall element (109, 209), disposed at that location, of the upper vessel (103, 203).
14. A vessel as set forth in claim 13 characterized in that it is of a substantially oval configuration in plan view and in the tapping region (107), at a narrow side of the vessel, the upper vessel (103) has a segment portion (109, 111) which is straight in plan view.
15.. A vessel as set forth in claim 13 characterized in that it is of round cross-section and the lower vessel (202) has an outwardly extending bulge portion (225) in the tapping region (207).
16. A vessel as set forth in claim 1 characterized by the following features:
f) the upper vessel (309) has a first upper vessel portion (311) which is plan view is in the form of a circular ring, with a first centre point (312) of the circle,
g) the lower vessel (303) has a second vessel portion (313) which in plan view is in the form of a sector of a circular ring, having a second centre point (314) of the circle, which coincides with the first centre point (312),
h) the lower vessel (303) has a third vessel portion (316) which in plan view like the second vessel portion (313) is in the form of a sector of a circular ring and is disposed in opposite relationship thereto, with a third centre point (317) of the circle, which is displaced ouwardly with respect to the second centre point (314),
i) the lower vessel (303) has fourth vessel portion (319) which in plan view joins the second and third vessel portions (313 and 316 respectively) in a rectilinear or slightly outwardly curved configuration, so that the upper edge (307) of the lower vessel (303) is of an oval form, and
k) the upper vessel (309) has a fifth lower vessel portion (320) whose lower edge (310) is adapted to the oval form of the upper edge (307) of the lower vessel (303), which includes the maintenance opening (327) and whose upper edge is connected to the first upper vessel portion (311).
17. A vessel as set forth in claim 16 characterized in that the second and third vessel portions (313 and 316 respectively) are in the form of sectors of a semicircular ring, in plan view.
18. A vessel as set forth in one of claims 1 through 17 characterized in that, when the lower vessel (303) is of an oval form, it is tiltable in the direction of the longitudinal axis (321).
19. A vessel as set forth in one of claims 16 through 18 characterized in that the fifth vessel portion (320) is of a stepped configuration in the transitional region from the first vessel portion (311) to the third and fourth vessel portions (316 and 319 respectively).
20. A vessel as set forth in one of claims 16 through 18 characterized in that the fifth vessel portion (320) is of an inclined configuration in the transitional region from the first vessel portion (311) to the third and fourth vessel portions (316 and 319 respectively).
21. A vessel as set forth in one of claims 16 through 20 characterized in that disposed at least along one edge of the maintenance opening (327) is a pipe (329) having outlet openings which are directed inwardly inclinedly with respect to the plane of the maintenance opening (327).
22. An electric arc furnace including three electrodes which are disposed in a triangular array in plan view, and a furnace vessel (301) as set forth in one of claims 16 through 21 characterized in that the spacing (318) between the second and third centre points (314 and 317 respectively) substantially corresponds to the spacing between the centre lines of the electrodes.
23. An electric arc furnace having a furnace vessel as set forth in one of claims 1 through 22 characterized in that when the lower vessel (303) is of an oval form the electrode support arms (330) are arranged transversely with respect to the longitudinal axis (321) of the lower vessel.
EP86111912A 1985-09-21 1986-08-28 Metallurgical-furnace vessel, in particular of an arc furnace Expired - Lifetime EP0216187B1 (en)

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AT86111912T ATE49290T1 (en) 1985-09-21 1986-08-28 FURNACE VESSEL OF A METALLURGICAL FURNACE, ESPECIALLY AN ARC FURNACE.

Applications Claiming Priority (6)

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DE19853533755 DE3533755A1 (en) 1985-09-21 1985-09-21 Furnace vessel of an electric arc furnace
DE3533755 1985-09-21
DE3541873 1985-11-27
DE19853541873 DE3541873C1 (en) 1985-11-27 1985-11-27 Furnace vessel of an electric arc furnace
DE19863607906 DE3607906A1 (en) 1986-03-10 1986-03-10 Furnace vessel of a metallurgical furnace, in particular an arc furnace
DE3607906 1986-03-10

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EP0216187A2 EP0216187A2 (en) 1987-04-01
EP0216187A3 EP0216187A3 (en) 1988-01-20
EP0216187B1 true EP0216187B1 (en) 1990-01-03

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EP (1) EP0216187B1 (en)
DE (1) DE3668054D1 (en)
ES (1) ES2002519A6 (en)
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0216187A2 (en) 1987-04-01
GR862270B (en) 1987-01-12
US4696013A (en) 1987-09-22
EP0216187A3 (en) 1988-01-20
DE3668054D1 (en) 1990-02-08
ES2002519A6 (en) 1988-08-16

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