EP0214010A1 - Brûleur gazéifieur pour appareil de chauffage et appareil de chauffage comportant un tel brûleur - Google Patents

Brûleur gazéifieur pour appareil de chauffage et appareil de chauffage comportant un tel brûleur Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0214010A1
EP0214010A1 EP86401679A EP86401679A EP0214010A1 EP 0214010 A1 EP0214010 A1 EP 0214010A1 EP 86401679 A EP86401679 A EP 86401679A EP 86401679 A EP86401679 A EP 86401679A EP 0214010 A1 EP0214010 A1 EP 0214010A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
burner
hearth
gasifier
outer casing
duct
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP86401679A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
André Landreau
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
CHAUBOIS TECHNOLOGIE Inc
Original Assignee
CHAUBOIS TECHNOLOGIE Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from FR8512242A external-priority patent/FR2586090A1/fr
Application filed by CHAUBOIS TECHNOLOGIE Inc filed Critical CHAUBOIS TECHNOLOGIE Inc
Publication of EP0214010A1 publication Critical patent/EP0214010A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B1/00—Combustion apparatus using only lump fuel
    • F23B1/30—Combustion apparatus using only lump fuel characterised by the form of combustion chamber
    • F23B1/36—Combustion apparatus using only lump fuel characterised by the form of combustion chamber shaft-type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B7/00—Combustion techniques; Other solid-fuel combustion apparatus
    • F23B7/002—Combustion techniques; Other solid-fuel combustion apparatus characterised by gas flow arrangements
    • F23B7/005—Combustion techniques; Other solid-fuel combustion apparatus characterised by gas flow arrangements with downdraught through fuel bed and grate

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a gasifying burner for a heating appliance using a solid fuel such as a boiler, hot air generator or other appliance having such a burner.
  • Heaters using wood or other solid fuels have been known and used for a long time.
  • the first devices were very rudimentary and consisted essentially of a hearth and a chimney.
  • the pollution resulting from the combustion of wood or other solid fuels results from the fact that a more or less large portion of the gases thus distilled are not burned and therefore evacuated towards the atmosphere.
  • the difficulty stems largely from the fact that the combustible gases produced by the distillation has an ignition temperature ranging substantially between 350 ° C (methanol) and 609 ° C (carbon monoxide).
  • the present invention essentially relates to a gasifying burner capable of being used in a heating appliance using solid fuel and which makes it possible to reduce practically to zero the pollution which results during the operations of starting and stopping the apparatus.
  • the present invention also relates to a gasifying burner for a solid fuel heating appliance which supplies most of the heat necessary for the distillation of the solid fuel.
  • a gasifier burner according to the invention is characterized in that it comprises, in association, a tubular outer casing having a series of openings, a burner duct which is disposed longitudinally inside the casing, this duct comprising an inlet and an outlet, said outlet communicating with an expansion chamber, while the inlet is arranged near a secondary air inlet and communicates through an annular space with the abovementioned openings.
  • the gasifier burner is generally indicated by 10, it is arranged according to its axial position inside a substantially parallelepipedal boiler 30 comprising a suitably insulated covering 31, a reserve solid fuel 32 below which is located the hearth 33.
  • the gasifier burner 10 extends from the front to the rear of the boiler and it opens, towards the rear, in an expansion chamber 34 au- above which is disposed a heat exchanger 36 which communicates itself with a smoke box 37 at the outlet of which is disposed an extractor 38 known per se.
  • the lower part of the gasifier burner 10 is arranged at grids 11.
  • the gasifier burner 10 comprises a cylindrical outer casing 12, having a series of suction orifices 13 arranged in the upper part of the casing 12.
  • a protective cover 14 is disposed above the suction orifices 13, while that a burner duct 15 is arranged coaxially inside of the outer casing 12.
  • the rear end of the burner duct 15 opens and is in communication with the expansion chamber 34, while the front end, free and open, is located at a certain distance from a front wall 16 closing the cylindrical outer casing 12.
  • a tube 17 passes through the covering 31 and the front wall 16 of the cylindrical outer casing 12, and terminates at a certain distance therefrom inside the gasifying burner.
  • Bases 20 of refractory material are arranged on each side of the base of the hearth 33.
  • Ports 21 are arranged on the front of the boiler and are in communication with distribution tubes 22 arranged between the lower end of the bases 20, and a support 22A, the aforementioned distributor tubes are arranged parallel to the gasifier burner 10, and they comprise a series of lateral openings 23 and 24.
  • the openings 23 communicate with the base of the hearth 33, while the openings 24 communicate, through a passage 25 located behind the bases 20, with channels 26 which are determined between an upper part of the base 20 and a lower part of a part 27 which is fixed on the side walls of the hearth 33 and this, above the bases 20.
  • the arrangement of the gasifying burner and more particularly its large radiation surface located at a level higher than that of the grids 11, allows the casing 12 to be brought to high temperature around 1050 ° C. by the radiation from the burner duct 15 which is itself brought to a temperature of about 1200 ° C. by the temperature of the ignited gases in the burner duct.
  • gasification is obtained before the transformation of the wood into charcoal or fixed carbon, which makes it possible to gasify the solid fuel, as and when the calorific needs of the installations.
  • the primary air is admitted through the orifices 21 on the front of the boiler. This air is superheated inside the distributor tubes 22 which are themselves overheated by the conductivity of the bases 20 made of refractory material.
  • the distribution of the primary air is preferably done according to the following proposals: 25% by the lateral openings 23 to ensure the complete combustion of the carbons located above the grids 11, and 75% towards the exterior by the other lateral openings 24
  • the air passing through the side openings 24 is channeled through the passage 25 and is superheated at high temperature from the outside of the refractory masses 20 before being injected into the hearth by the aforementioned channels 26; this air activates combustion and sweeps all the gasification produced by the protective cover 14 and the outer envelope 12.
  • the primary air flow is controlled so that the gases produced by the radiation from the burner are not all ignited; these gases, mixed with the product of the combustion of fixed carbons, are sucked through the suction orifices 13 inside an annular space 19 formed between the outer casing 12 and the burner duct 15.
  • the gaseous components are in contact with the burner product 15.
  • the latter being at a temperature of approximately 1200 * C, brings the gaseous components to approximately 1050 * C, temperature above their point lightning bolt.
  • the outer casing 12 is brought to approximately 1050 ° C.
  • the gases are then channeled inside the annular space 19 to a firing point symbolized by 18 in FIG. 3.
  • the gaseous components are mixed with the air secondary superheated from tube 17.
  • the mixture thus obtained ignites at ignition point 18 and the temperature reaches 1200 ° C.
  • the gases thus ignited continue to burn inside the burner duct 15 to expand in the expansion chamber 34 so that the combustion is complete before the gases come into contact with a cold wall of the exchanger comprising a bundle of tubes 36A.
  • the arrangement of the expansion chamber 34 makes it possible to recover the ash particles entrained by combustion in the burner duct 15.
  • the virtually neutral gases at high temperature are channeled to the exchanger 36 known per se to transfer their energy to a heat transfer fluid.
  • a smoke box 37 collects the gases at the outlet of the exchanger 36.
  • a smoke extractor 38 known per se ensures circulation in all the gas circuits and transfers the cooled gases to a chimney (not shown in the drawings).
  • the boiler is put on standby automatically when the desired temperature of the fluid of the heating installation is reached, which causes - using a usual device - the shutdown of the extractor 38, this ensuring the closing the gas circuit.
  • a usual device - the shutdown of the extractor 38 this ensuring the closing the gas circuit.
  • just a few fixed carbons or incandescent charcoal inside the hearth to start gasification as soon as the gas circuit is opened again (extractor 38a again in operation).
  • the heater 110 comprises, on the front, and in the upper part a loading door 112, while in the lower part a door 113 allows access to the base. of the hearth F and the ashtray 115, arranged below the grates 116.
  • the hearth F extends over the entire height of the heater, and only over part of the width (about two-thirds), the remaining third being occupied respectively by - starting from the bottom - the gasifier burner indicated generally at 120 with in its extension a pressure reduction chamber 121 , the aforesaid gasifier burner and the expansion chamber being overcome by a heat exchanger indicated as a whole by 124.
  • the base of the hearth is supplied with air by means of an orifice 125 formed in the top of the appliance, and d 'A channel 126 opening into louvers 127 provided at the bottom of the fireplace on the left side looking at the front of the boiler.
  • the gasifier burner 120 comprises an outer casing 120A whose cross section, in the example illustrated is substantially rectangular, for example square; it is noted that the external envelope in question could also be of circular or other cross section, with in any case a longitudinal and horizontal axis X-X.
  • the outer casing 120A is by a lateral side directly in communication with the base of the hearth F and this, by means of a plurality of ventilation holes 120B formed in said wall.
  • the holes 120B made in the side wall of the outer envelope are distributed over three levels N, N 1 , N 2 ′, the holes of the lower level N being placed substantially at the height of the grid 116.
  • the outer casing 120A carries on its front wall 120C a tube 120D for supplying secondary air having a terminal opening part outside the boiler, and l 'other end part engaged in a 120E burner firing duct.
  • the 120D tubing At its terminal part located outside the boiler, the 120D tubing has a 120F calibrated passage.
  • the 120E burner duct has a divergent frustoconical surface from the front of the boiler towards the rear; the rear end (large base) has a peripheral lip 120H for the connection of said burner duct, so as to determine between the outer casing 120A and the burner duct an enclosure 1201 for the combustion gases coming from the hearth.
  • the burner duct 120E forms with the manifold 120D for supplying secondary air an obligatory annular passage 120J for the admission of gases from the hearth, inside the setting element. fire.
  • the gasifier burner is extended by the expansion chamber 121, the top 121A of which is open and is in communication with a lower manifold 124A of the exchanger 124 which comprises a bundle of parallel vertical tubes 124B connected to the aforementioned lower manifold and to an upper manifold 124C, the gases circulating through the exchanger being subjected to the action of an extractor known per se which is not visible here.
  • the bundle of vertical tubes 124B of the exchanger is embedded in any liquid with arrival and departure towards a heating installation, said arrivals and departure not being shown in the drawings because they are well known per se.
  • the lower manifold 124A can, if necessary, receive an oil burner known per se symbolically represented at 130 in FIG. 2.
  • the outer envelope 120 and the expansion chamber 121 occupy in width substantially one third of the width of the heating appliance, extending over practically the entire depth thereof; similarly the exchanger extends over the entire height of said device overcoming the two aforementioned members 120 and 121.
  • median holes at level N1 allow the introduction, into the enclosure 1201, of a mixture of neutral gas coming from the fixed carbons, and of non-ignited gas - or during combustion - coming from the base of the gasification layer caused by the temperature of the fixed carbon combustion layer.
  • the upper holes located at level N2 allow the admission into the enclosure 1201 of the gases produced by the upper gasification layer, the latter are not ignited, the absence of oxygen does not allow combustion.
  • the mixture of all the gases admitted through the holes 120A, 120B, 120C, inside the enclosure 1201 are overheated by the high temperature of the burner duct, such a temperature being of the order of 800 'centigrade .
  • the secondary air admitted through the orifice 120F into the tube 120D for supplying secondary air is dosed in order to reduce its speed in said tube.
  • the section of the outlet of the secondary air supply pipe (end of the pipe engaged in the burner duct) is approximately four times that of the inlet port 120F.
  • zone Z (FIG. 6) the speed of the gases is very reduced, and, in this zone, they mix with the metered secondary air supplied by the tube 120D, which gives rise to turbulence.
  • the secondary gas-air mixture ignites, and it is adjusted so that the speed of the gases does not exceed the speed of the secondary air inside the pipe 120D, so that the combustion zone Z remains practically stable at the outlet of the secondary air supply pipe.
  • the frustoconical surface of the firing element 20E allows the expansion of the gases, expansion caused by their rise in temperature, without increasing the speed, but so as to occupy full volume so that the flame does not not peel off the walls.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Solid-Fuel Combustion (AREA)
  • Wick-Type Burners And Burners With Porous Materials (AREA)
EP86401679A 1985-08-09 1986-07-28 Brûleur gazéifieur pour appareil de chauffage et appareil de chauffage comportant un tel brûleur Withdrawn EP0214010A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8512242 1985-08-09
FR8512242A FR2586090A1 (fr) 1985-08-09 1985-08-09 Appareil de chauffage tel que chaudiere notamment pour installation de chauffage central
CA507586 1986-04-25
CA507586 1986-04-25

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0214010A1 true EP0214010A1 (fr) 1987-03-11

Family

ID=25670973

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP86401679A Withdrawn EP0214010A1 (fr) 1985-08-09 1986-07-28 Brûleur gazéifieur pour appareil de chauffage et appareil de chauffage comportant un tel brûleur

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0214010A1 (es)
ES (1) ES2001191A6 (es)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2597958A1 (fr) * 1986-04-25 1987-10-30 Chaubois Technologie Inc Bruleur gazeifieur pour appareil de chauffage et appareil de chauffage comportant un tel bruleur
EP0964202A3 (de) * 1998-06-13 2000-03-15 Ebert, Jens Dipl.-Ing. Heizkessel zur Verbrennung von Holz
WO2000050812A1 (de) * 1999-02-23 2000-08-31 Logotherm Regelsysteme Gmbh Feuerungsvorrichtung für biomasse, insbesondere holzpellets

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4380228A (en) * 1981-04-21 1983-04-19 Crowley Leslie B Sustained ignition secondary combustion unit
FR2519742A1 (fr) * 1982-01-13 1983-07-18 Passat 81 As Chaudiere de chauffage central avec deuxieme bruleur
EP0084852A2 (en) * 1982-01-26 1983-08-03 UNICAL S.p.A. Solid fuel steel construction boiler for domestic heating applications
US4463687A (en) * 1982-04-19 1984-08-07 E. K. Industries, Inc. Powered downdraft gasifier
US4516534A (en) * 1984-03-16 1985-05-14 Unical S.P.A. Steel construction solid-fuel firing boiler for civil heating applications
US4531464A (en) * 1984-07-20 1985-07-30 Eshland Enterprises, Inc. Particle fuel diversion structure

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4380228A (en) * 1981-04-21 1983-04-19 Crowley Leslie B Sustained ignition secondary combustion unit
FR2519742A1 (fr) * 1982-01-13 1983-07-18 Passat 81 As Chaudiere de chauffage central avec deuxieme bruleur
EP0084852A2 (en) * 1982-01-26 1983-08-03 UNICAL S.p.A. Solid fuel steel construction boiler for domestic heating applications
US4463687A (en) * 1982-04-19 1984-08-07 E. K. Industries, Inc. Powered downdraft gasifier
US4516534A (en) * 1984-03-16 1985-05-14 Unical S.P.A. Steel construction solid-fuel firing boiler for civil heating applications
US4531464A (en) * 1984-07-20 1985-07-30 Eshland Enterprises, Inc. Particle fuel diversion structure

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2597958A1 (fr) * 1986-04-25 1987-10-30 Chaubois Technologie Inc Bruleur gazeifieur pour appareil de chauffage et appareil de chauffage comportant un tel bruleur
EP0964202A3 (de) * 1998-06-13 2000-03-15 Ebert, Jens Dipl.-Ing. Heizkessel zur Verbrennung von Holz
WO2000050812A1 (de) * 1999-02-23 2000-08-31 Logotherm Regelsysteme Gmbh Feuerungsvorrichtung für biomasse, insbesondere holzpellets

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2001191A6 (es) 1988-05-01

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP0037333B1 (fr) Chaudière à gaz pouvant fonctionner en circuit de combustion étanche
EP0152317B1 (fr) Chaudière comportant une chambre de préchauffage du comburant
EP0040557A1 (fr) Appareil de chauffage comportant un récupérateur de chaleur
CA2681615A1 (fr) Bruleur pour chaudiere a combustibles solides du type biomasse, pneu ainsi qu'une chaudiere comportant un tel bruleur
EP0214010A1 (fr) Brûleur gazéifieur pour appareil de chauffage et appareil de chauffage comportant un tel brûleur
CA2394281A1 (fr) Methode et dispositif d'auto-combustion de dechets organiques graisseux comportant un foyer a chauffe tangentielle
EP0249602B1 (fr) Garniture de foyer de cheminee et cheminee comportant une telle garniture
EP0026150B1 (fr) Appareil de chauffage à combustibles solides, pouvant également brûler des combustibles liquides
FR2995666A1 (fr) Foyer pour combustibles ligneux
EP0841519A1 (fr) Procédé et installation de traitement par combustion de déchets, et de récupération de chaleur
EP0271392B1 (fr) Chaudière à combustible solide et plus particulièrement, chaudière à bois
FR2761458A1 (fr) Incinerateur de dechets liquides, pateux et solides
FR2597958A1 (fr) Bruleur gazeifieur pour appareil de chauffage et appareil de chauffage comportant un tel bruleur
FR2461893A1 (fr) Generateur d'eau chaude, notamment chaudiere de chauffage central
EP0549416B1 (fr) Brûleur perfectionné à grille ainsi qu'installation de chauffage équipée d'un tel brûleur
EP0011586B1 (fr) Procédé et appareil de chauffage à combustible liquide, l'appareil pouvant également brûler un combustible solide
FR2608736A1 (fr) Chaudiere de chauffage central a combustible solide
FR2581735A1 (fr) Appareil de chauffage fonctionnant avec un combustible solide, tel que chaudiere notamment pour installation de chauffage central
FR2586090A1 (fr) Appareil de chauffage tel que chaudiere notamment pour installation de chauffage central
FR2678356A1 (fr) Bruleur catalytique a air induit.
FR2535026A1 (fr) Chaudiere a bois ou autres materiaux combustibles solides
FR2607228A1 (fr) Chaudiere a combustible solide a haut rendement
FR2751735A1 (fr) Chaudiere de chauffage central a bruleur fioul
FR2583503A1 (fr) Chaudiere a combustion inversee ou horizontale
FR2544468A1 (fr) Appareil de chauffage comportant un recuperateur de chaleur

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE FR GB IT LI LU NL SE

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 19870805

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 19880223

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION IS DEEMED TO BE WITHDRAWN

18D Application deemed to be withdrawn

Effective date: 19881222

RIN1 Information on inventor provided before grant (corrected)

Inventor name: LANDREAU, ANDRE