EP0213963B1 - Emulsions photographiques à l'halogénure d'argent avec des grains à faces - Google Patents

Emulsions photographiques à l'halogénure d'argent avec des grains à faces Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0213963B1
EP0213963B1 EP19860306828 EP86306828A EP0213963B1 EP 0213963 B1 EP0213963 B1 EP 0213963B1 EP 19860306828 EP19860306828 EP 19860306828 EP 86306828 A EP86306828 A EP 86306828A EP 0213963 B1 EP0213963 B1 EP 0213963B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
silver halide
grains
tetrahexahedral
crystal faces
crystal
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP19860306828
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0213963A2 (fr
EP0213963A3 (en
Inventor
Joe Edward Maskasky
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Eastman Kodak Co
Original Assignee
Eastman Kodak Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US06/881,769 external-priority patent/US4680255A/en
Application filed by Eastman Kodak Co filed Critical Eastman Kodak Co
Publication of EP0213963A2 publication Critical patent/EP0213963A2/fr
Publication of EP0213963A3 publication Critical patent/EP0213963A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0213963B1 publication Critical patent/EP0213963B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
    • G03C1/005—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein
    • G03C1/04—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein with macromolecular additives; with layer-forming substances
    • G03C1/047—Proteins, e.g. gelatine derivatives; Hydrolysis or extraction products of proteins
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
    • G03C1/005—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein
    • G03C1/0051—Tabular grain emulsions
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
    • G03C1/005—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein
    • G03C1/035—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein characterised by the crystal form or composition, e.g. mixed grain
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
    • G03C1/005—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein
    • G03C1/06—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein with non-macromolecular additives
    • G03C1/07—Substances influencing grain growth during silver salt formation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
    • G03C1/005—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein
    • G03C1/0051—Tabular grain emulsions
    • G03C2001/0055—Aspect ratio of tabular grains in general; High aspect ratio; Intermediate aspect ratio; Low aspect ratio
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
    • G03C1/005—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein
    • G03C1/035—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein characterised by the crystal form or composition, e.g. mixed grain
    • G03C2001/03511—Bromide content
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C2200/00—Details
    • G03C2200/03—111 crystal face

Definitions

  • This invention relates to photography. More specifically, this invention is directed to photographic emulsions containing silver halide grains and to photographic elements containing these emulsions.
  • silver halide grains have been the subject of intense investigation. Although high iodide silver halide grains, those containing at least 90 mole percent iodide, based on silver, are known and have been suggested for photographic applications, in practice photographic emulsions almost always contain silver halide grains comprised of bromide, chloride, or mixtures of chloride and bromide optionally containing minor amounts of iodide. Up to about 40 mole percent iodide, based on silver, can be accommodated in a silver bromide crystal structure without observation of a separate silver iodide phase. However, in practice silver halide emulsions rarely contain more than about 15 mole percent iodide, with iodide well below 10 mole percent being most common.
  • silver halide grains when microscopically observed are cubic in appearance.
  • a cubic grain 1 is shown in Figure 1.
  • the cubic grain is bounded by six identical crystal faces.
  • these crystal faces are usually referred to as ⁇ 100 ⁇ crystal faces, referring to the Miller index employed for designating crystal faces.
  • ⁇ 100 ⁇ crystal face designation is most commonly employed in connection with silver halide grains, these same crystal faces are sometimes also referred to as ⁇ 200) crystal faces, the difference in designation resulting from a difference in the definition of the basic unit of the crystal structure.
  • the cubic crystal shape is readily visually identified in regular grains, in irregular grains cubic crystal faces are not always square. In grains of more complex shapes the presence of cubic crystal faces can be verified by a combination of visual inspection and the 90° angle of intersection formed by adjacent cubic crystal faces.
  • silver halide grains when microscopically observed are octahedral in appearance.
  • An octahedral grain 5 is shown in Figure 3.
  • the octahedral grain is bounded by eight identical crystal faces. These crystal faces are referred to as ⁇ 111 ⁇ crystal faces.
  • ⁇ 111 ⁇ crystal faces crystal faces
  • the octahedral crystal shape is readily visually identified in regular grains, in irregular grains octahedral crystal faces are not always triangular. In grains of more complex shapes the presence of octahedral crystal faces can be verified by a combination of visual inspection and the 109.5° angle of intersection formed by adjacent octahedral crystal faces.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of a ⁇ 111 ⁇ crystal face, analogous to Figure 2 wherein the smaller spheres 2 represent silver ions while the larger spheres 3 designate bromine ions.
  • silver ions are shown at the surface in every available lattice position, it has been suggested that having silver ions in only every other available lattice position in the surface tier of atoms would be more compatible with surface charge neutrality.
  • the surface tier of ions could alternatively be bromide ions.
  • the tier of ions immediately below the surface silver ions consists of bromide ions.
  • both the cubic and octahedral grains have exactly the same cubic crystal lattice structure and thus exactly the same internal relationship of silver and halide ions.
  • the two grains differ only in their surface crystal faces. Note that in the cubic crystal face of Figure 2 each surface silver ion lies immediately adjacent five halide ions, whereas in Figure 4 the silver ions at the octahedral crystal faces each lie immediately adjacent only three halide ions.
  • rhombic dodecahedral silver halide grains Much less common than either cubic or octahedral silver halide grains are rhombic dodecahedral silver halide grains.
  • a rhombic dodecahedral grain 7 is shown in Figure 5.
  • the rhombic dodecahedral grain is bounded by twelve identical crystal faces. These crystal faces are referred to as ⁇ 110 ⁇ (or, less commonly in reference to silver halide grains, ⁇ 220 ⁇ ) crystal faces.
  • ⁇ 110 ⁇ or, less commonly in reference to silver halide grains, ⁇ 220 ⁇
  • the rhombic dodecahedral crystal shape is readily visually identified in regular grains, in irregular grains rhombic dodecahedral crystal faces can vary in shape. In grains of more complex shapes the presence of rhombic dodecahedral crystal faces can be verified by a combination of visual inspection and measurement of the angle of intersection formed by adjacent crystal faces.
  • Rhombic dodecahedral crystal faces can be theoretically hypothesized to consist of alternate rows of silver ions and halide ions.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic illustration analogous to Figures 2 and 4, wherein it can be seen that the surface tier of ions is formed by repeating pairs of silver and bromide ion parallel rows, indicated by lines 8a and 8b, repectively. In Figure 6 a portion of the next tier of ions lying below the surface tier is shown to illustrate their relationship to the surface tier of ions. Note that each surface silver ion lies immediately adjacent four halide ions. _
  • photographic silver halide emulsions containing cubic crystal lattice structure grains which contain only regular cubic grains, such as the grain shown in Figure 1, regular octahedral grains, such as the grain shown in Figure 3, or, in rare instances, regular rhombic dodecahedral grains, such as the grain shown in Figure 5, in practice many other varied grain shapes are also observed.
  • silver halide grains can be cubo-octahedral-that is, formed of a combination of cubic and octahedral crystal faces. This is illustrated in Figure 7, wherein cubo-octahedral grains 9 and 10 are shown along with cubic grain 1 and octahedral grain 5.
  • the cubo-octahedral grains have fourteen crystal faces, six cubic crystal faces and eight octahedral crystal faces. Analogous combinations of cubic and/or octahedral crystal faces and rhombic dodecahedral crystal faces are possible, though rarely encountered. Other grain shapes, such as tabular grains and rods, can be attributed to internal crystal irregularities, such as twin planes and screw dislocations. In most instances some comer or edge rounding due to solvent action is observed, and in some instances rounding is so pronounced that the grains are described asd spherical.
  • cubic crystal lattice structures can take any one of seven possible distinct crystallographic forms.
  • silver halides only grains having ⁇ 100 ⁇ (cubic), ⁇ 111 ⁇ (octahedral), or, rarely, ⁇ 110 ⁇ (rhombic dodecahedral) crystal faces, individually or in combination, have been identified.
  • Klein et al "Formation of Twins of AgBr and AgCI Crystals in Photographic Emulsions", Photographische Korrespondenz, Vol. 99, No. 7, pp. 99-102 (1963) describes a variety of singly and doubly twinned silver halide crystals having ⁇ 100 ⁇ (cubic) and ⁇ 111 ⁇ (octahedral) crystal faces. Klein et al is of interest in illustrating the variety of shapes which twinned silver halide grains can assume while still exhibiting only ⁇ 111 ⁇ or ⁇ 100 ⁇ crystal faces.
  • This object is achieved by providing a silver halide photographic emulsion comprising radiation sensitive silver halide grains of a cubic crystal lattice structure having tetrahexahedral crystal faces.
  • the invention presents to the art for the first time the opportunity to realize the unique surface configuration of tetrahexahedral crystal faces in photographic silver halide emulsions.
  • the invention thereby renders accessible for the first time a new choice of crystal faces for modifying photographic characteristics and improving interactions with sensitizers and adsorbed photographic addenda.
  • the present invention relates to silver halide photographic emulsions comprised of radiation sensitive silver halide grains of a cubic crystal lattice structure comprised of tetrahexahedral crystal faces and to photographic elements containing these emulsions.
  • the silver halide grains can take the form of regulartetrahexahedra.
  • a regular tetrahexahedron 11 is shown in Figures 8 and 9, which are front and back views of the same regular tetrahexahedron.
  • a tetrahexahedron has twenty-four identical faces. Although any grouping of faces is entirely arbitrary, the tetrahexahedron can be visualized as six separate clusters of crystal faces, each cluster containing four separate faces.
  • faces 12a, 12b, 12c, and 12d can be visuallized as members of a first cluster of faces.
  • a second cluster of faces is represented by faces 13a,13b, and 13c. The fourth face of the cluster 13d, is shown in Figure 9.
  • Faces 14a and 14b, shown in Figure 8, and faces 14c and 14d, shown in Figure 9, represent the four faces of a third cluster of four faces. Similary, faces 15a and 15b, shown in Figure 8, and faces 15c and 15d, shown in Figure 9, represent the four faces of a fourth cluster of four faces. Faces 16a, 16b, and 16c, shown in Figure 8, and face 16d, shown in Figure 9, complete a fifth clusteroffaces. Faces 17a, 17b, 17c, and 17d in Figure 9 complete the sixth cluster of faces.
  • the intersections between faces 12a and 12b, 12b and 12c, 12c, and 12d, and 12d and 12a are all at the same relative angle, referred to as a second relative angle. While the regular tetrahexahedron has a distinctive appearance that can be recognized by visual inspection, it should be appreciated that measurement of any one of the two relative angles provides a corroboration of adjacent tetrahexahedral crystal faces.
  • carbon replicas of silver halide grains are first prepared.
  • the carbon replicas reproduce the grain shape while avoiding shape altering silver print-out that is known to result from employing the silver halide grains without carbon shells.
  • An electron scanning beam rather than light is employed for imaging to permit higher ranges of magnification to be realized than when light is employed.
  • the grains lie flat on one crystal face rather than on a coign (i.e., a point).
  • a selected grain By tilting the sample being viewed relative to the electron beam a selected grain can be oriented so that the line of sight is substantially parallel to both the line of intersection of two adjacent crystal faces, seen as a point, and each of the two intersecting crystal faces, seen as edges.
  • the grain faces are parallel to the imaging electron beam, the two corresponding edges of the grain which they define will appear sharper than when the faces are merely close to being parallel.
  • the angle of intersection can be measured from an electron micrograph of the oriented grain. In this way adjacent tetrahexahedral crystal faces can be identified.
  • Relative angles of tetrahexahedral and adjacent crystal faces of other Miller indices can also be determined in the same way. Again, the unique relative angle allows a positive identification of the crystal faces. While relative angle measurements can be definitive, in many, if not most, instances visual inspection of grains by electron microscopy allows immediate identification of tetrahexahedral crystal faces.
  • Tetrahexahedral crystal faces include a family of crystal faces that can have differing Miller index values. Tetrahexahedral crystal faces are generically designated as ⁇ hk0 ⁇ crystal faces, wherein h and k are different integers each greater than 0, which is zero and not to be confused with the letter O.
  • the regular tetrahexahedron 11 shown in Figures 8 and 9 consists of ⁇ 210 ⁇ crystal faces, which corresponds to the lowest value that h, k, and 0 can each represent.
  • a regular tetrahexahedron having ⁇ 310 ⁇ , ⁇ 320 ⁇ , ⁇ 410 ⁇ , ⁇ 430 ⁇ , ⁇ 510 ⁇ , ⁇ 520 ⁇ , ⁇ 530 ⁇ , or ⁇ 540 ⁇ crystal faces would appear similar to the tetrahexahedron 11, but the higher Miller indices would result in changes in the angles of intersection.
  • tetrahexahedral crystal faces having a value of h or k of 5 or less are more easily generated.
  • silver halide grains having tetrahexahedral crystal faces of the exemplary Miller index values identified above are preferred. With practical one tetrahexahedral crystal face can often be distinguished visually from another of a different Miller index value. Measurement of relative angles permits positive corroboration of the specific Miller index value tetrahexahedral crystal faces present.
  • the emulsions of this invention contain silver halide grains which are bounded entirely by tetrahexahedral crystal faces, thereby forming basically regular tetrahexahedra.
  • the unrounded residual flat tetrahexahedral faces permit positive identification, since a sharp intersecting edge is unnecessary to establishing the relative angle of adjacent tetrahexahedral crystal faces. Sighting to orient the grains is still possible employing the residual flat crystal face portions.
  • the radiation sensitive silver halide grains present in the emulsions of this invention are not confined to those in which the tetrahexahedral crystal faces are the only flat crystal faces present.
  • cubo-octahedral silver halide grains such as 9 and 10
  • the radiation sensitive grains herein contemplated can be formed by tetrahexahedral crystal faces in combination with any one or combination of the other types of crystal faces possible with a silver halide cubic crystal lattice structure.
  • deposition of silver halide onto host grains under conditions which favor tetrahexahedral crystal faces can initially result in ruffling of the grain surfaces.
  • the ruffles are provided by protrusions from the host grain surface.
  • Protrusions in the form of ridges have been observed, but protrusions, when present, are more typically in the form of pyramids.
  • Pyramids presenting tetrahexahedral crystal faces on host grains initially presenting ⁇ 100 ⁇ crystal faces have four surface faces. These correspond to the four faces of anyone of the 12, f3,14,15,16, or 17 series clusters described above in connection with the tetrahexahedron 11.
  • the protrusions can within a short time of initiating precipitation onto the host grains substantially cover the original host grain surface. If silver halide deposition is continued after the entire grain surface is bounded by tetrahexahedral crystal faces, the protrusions become progressively larger and eventually the grains lose their ruffled appearance as they present larger and larger tetrahexahedral crystal faces. It is possible to grow a regular tetrahexahedron from a ruffled grain by continuing silver halide deposition.
  • the grains can take overall shapes differing from regular tetrahexahedrons. This can result, for example, from irregularities, such as twin planes, present in the host grains prior to growth of the tetrahexahedeal crystal faces or introduced during growth of the hexoctahedral crystal faces.
  • any crystal face of a silver halide grain is a tetrahexahedral crystal face
  • the resulting grain presents a unique arrangement of surface silver and halide ions that differs from that presented by all other possible crystal faces for cubic crystal lattice structure silver halide.
  • This unique surface arrangement of ions as theoretically hypothesized is schematically illustrated by Figure 10, wherein a ⁇ 210 ⁇ tetrahexahedral crystal face is shown formed by silver ions 2 and bromide ions 3. Comparing Figure 10 with Figures 2, 4, and 6, it is apparent that the surface positioning of silver and bromide ions in each figure is distinctive.
  • the ⁇ 210 ⁇ tetrahexahedral crystal face presents an ordered, but more varied arrangement of surface silver and bromide ions than is presented at the cubic, octahedral, or rhombic dodecahedral silver bromide crystal faces. This is the result of the tiering that occurs at the ⁇ 210 ⁇ tetrahexahedral crystal face. Tetrahexahedral crystal faces with differing Mille indices also exhibit tiering. The differing Miller indices result in analogous, but nevertheless unique surface arrangements of silver and halide ions.
  • the cubic crystal lattice structure silver halide grains containing tetrahexahedral crystal faces can contain minor amounts of iodide ions, similarly as conventional silver halide grains.
  • Iodide ions have an effective diameter substantially larger than that of bromide ions. As is well known in silver halide crystallography, this has a somewhat disruptive effect on the order of the crystal structure, which can be accommodated and actually employed photographically to advantage, provided the iodide ions are limited in concentration.
  • iodide ion concentrations below 15 mole percent and optimally below 10 mole percent, based on silver, are employed in the practice of this invention.
  • Iodide ion concentrations of up to 40 mole percent, based on silver can be present in silver bromide crystals. Since iodide ions as the sole halide ions in silver halide do not form a cubic crystal lattice structure, their use alone has no applicability to this invention.
  • the successful formation of tetrehexahedral crystal faces on silver halide grains of a cubic crystal lattice structure depends on identifying silver halide grain growth conditions that retard the surface growth rate on tetrahexahedral crystal planes. It is generally recognized in silver halide crystallography that the predominant crystal faces of a silver halide grain are determined by choosing grain growth conditions that are least favorable for the growth of that crystal face. For example, regular cubic silver halide grains, such as grain 1, are produced under grain growth conditions that favor more rapid deposition of silver and halide ions on all other available crystal faces than on the cubic crystal faces.
  • an octahedral grain such as regular octahedral grain 5 is subjected to growth under conditions that least favor deposition of silver and halide ions onto cubic crystal faces
  • grain 5 during continued silver halide precipitation will progress through the intermediate cuba-octahedral grain forms 9 and 10 before reaching the final cubic grain configuration 1.
  • silver and halide ions deposit isotropically on these surfaces. In other words, the grain shape remains cubic, and the cubic grains merely grow larger as additional silver and halide ions are precipitated.
  • grains having tetrahexahedral crystal faces have been prepared by introducing into a silver halide precipitation reaction vessel host grains of conventional crystal faces, such as cubic grains, while maintaining growth conditions to favor retarding silver halide deposition along tetrahexahedral crystal faces.
  • a silver halide precipitation reaction vessel host grains of conventional crystal faces, such as cubic grains, while maintaining growth conditions to favor retarding silver halide deposition along tetrahexahedral crystal faces.
  • tetrahexahedral crystal faces first become identifiable and then expand in area until eventually, if precipitation is continued, they account for all of the crystal faces of the silver halide grains being grown. Since tetrahexahedral crystal faces accept additional silver halide deposition at a slow rate, renucleation can occur, creating a second grain population.
  • Precipitation conditions can be adjusted by techniques generally known in the art to favor either continued grain growth or renucleation.
  • growth modifiers are effective under the conditions of their use in the examples. From empirical screening of a variety of candidate growth modifiers under differing conditions of silver halide precipitation it has been concluded that multiple parameters must be satisfied to achieve tetrahexahedral crystal faces, including not only the proper choice of a growth modifier, but also proper choice of other precipitation parameters identified in the examples. Failures to achieve tetrahexahedral crystal faces with compounds shown to be effective as growth modifiers for producing tetrahexahedral crystal faces have been observed when accompanying conditions for silver halide precipitation have been varied. However, it is appreciated that having demonstrated success in the preparations of silver halide emulsions containing grains with tetrahexahedral crystal faces, routine empirical studies systematically varying parameters are likely to lead to additional useful preparation techniques.
  • silver halide emulsions containing any identifiable tetrahexahedral crystal face grain surface are considered within the scope of this invention, in most applications the grains having at least one identifiable tetrahexahedral crystal face account for at least 10 percent of the total grain population and usually these grains will account for greater than 50 percent of the total grain population.
  • the emulsions of this invention can be substituted for conventional emulsions to satisfy known photographic applications.
  • the emulsions of this invention can lead to unexpected photographic advantages.
  • a growth modifier when a growth modifier is present adsorbed to the tetrahexahedral crystal faces of the grains and has a known photographic utility that is enhanced by adsorption to a grain surface, either because of the more intimate association with the grain surface or because of the reduced mobility of the growth modifier, improved photographic performance can be expected.
  • the reason for this is that for the growth modifier to produce a tetrahexahedral crystal face it must exhibit an adsorption preference for the tetrahexahedral crystal face that is greater than that exhibited for any other possible crystal face. This can be appreciated by considering growth in the presence of an adsorbed growth modifier of a silver halide grain having both cubic and tetrahexahedral crystal faces.
  • the growth modifier shows an adsorption preference for the tetrahexahedral crystal faces over the cubic crystal faces
  • deposition of silver and halide ions onto the tetrahexahedral crystal faces is retarded to a greater extent than along the cubic crystal faces, and grain growth results in the elimination of the cubic crystal faces in favor of tetrahexahedral crystal faces.
  • Locker U.S. patent 3,989,527 describes improving the speed of a photographic element by employing an emulsion containing radiation sensitive silver halide grains having a spectral sensitizing dye adsorbed to the grain surfaces in combination with silver halide grains free of spectral sensitizing dye having an average diameter chosen to maximize light scattering, typically in the 0.15 to to 0.8 ⁇ m range.
  • Upon imagewise exposure radiation striking the undyed grains is scattered rather than being absorbed. This results in an increased amount of exposing radiation striking the radiation sensitive imaging grains having a spectral sensitizing dye adsorbed to their surfaces.
  • spectral sensitizing dyes can migrate in the emulsion, so that to some extent the initially undyed grains adsorb spectral sensitizing dye which has migrated from the initially spectrally sensitized grains.
  • dye migration away from their surfaces reduces sensitization.
  • adsorption of dye on the grains intended to scatter imaging radiation reduces their scattering efficiency.
  • a specific spectral sensitizing dye has been identified as a growth modifier useful in forming silver halide grains having tetrahexahedral crystal faces.
  • a growth modifier spectral sensitizing dye adsorbed to the tetrahexahedral crystal faces are substituted for the spectrally sensitized silver halide grains employed by Locker, the disadvantageous migration of dye from the tetrahexahedral crystal faces to the silver halide grains intented to scatter light is reduced or eliminated.
  • an improvement in photographic efficiency can be realized.
  • the layer structure of a multicolor photographic element which introduces dye image providing materials, such as couplers, during processing can be simplified.
  • An emulsion intended to record green exposures can be prepared using a growth modifier that is a green spectral sensitizing dye while an emulsion intended to record red exposures can be prepared using a growth modifier that is a red spectral sensitizing dye. Since the growth modifiers are tightly adsorbed to the grains and non-wandering, instead of coating the green and red emulsions in separate colorforming layer units, as is conventional practice, the two emulsions can be blended and coated as a single color forming layer unit.
  • the blue recording layer can take any conventional form, and a conventional yellow filter layer can be employed to protect the blended green and red recording emulsions from blue light exposure. Except for blending the green and red recording emulsions in a single layer or group of layers differing in speed in a single color forming layer unit, the structure and processing of the photographic element is unaltered. If silver chloride emulsions are employed, the approach described above can be extended to blending in a single color forming layer unit blue, green, and red recording emulsions, and the yellow filter layer can be eliminated. The advantage in either case is a reduction in the number of emulsion layers required as compared to a corresponding conventional multicolor photographic element.
  • an emulsion according to the invention containing a growth modifier spectral sensitizing dye should produce a more invariant emulsion in terms of spectral properties than a corresponding emulsion containing silver halide grains lacking tetrahexahedral crystal faces.
  • the growth modifier is capable of spectral sensitization, such as the dyes shown to be effective growth modifiers in the examples, more effective spectral sensitization at lower concentrations may be expected.
  • photographic effects such as photographic sensitivity, minimum background density levels, latent image stability, nucleation, developability, image tone, absorption, and reflectivity, are influenced by grain surface interactions with other components.
  • components such as peptizers, silver halide solvents, sensitizers or desensitizers, supersensitizers, halogen acceptors, dyes, antifoggants, stabilizers, latent image keeping agents, nucleating agents, tone modifiers, development accelerators or inhibitors, development restrainers, developing agents, and other addenda that are uniquely matched to the tetrahexahedral crystal surface, distinct advantages in photographic performance over that which can be realized with silver halide grains of differing crystal faces are possible.
  • components such as peptizers, silver halide solvents, sensitizers or desensitizers, supersensitizers, halogen acceptors, dyes, antifoggants, stabilizers, latent image keeping agents, nucleating agents, tone modifiers, development accelerators or inhibitors, development restrainers, developing agents, and other addenda that are uniquely matched to the tetrahexahedral crystal surface.
  • the silver halide grains having tetrahexahedral crystal faces can be varied in their properties to satisfy varied known photographic applications as desired.
  • the techniques for producing surface latent image forming grains, internal latent image forming grains, internally fogged grains, surface fogged grains, and blends of differing grains described in Research Disclosure, Vol. 176, December 1978, Item 17643, Section I can be applied to the preparation of emulsions according to this invention.
  • Research Disclosure is published by Kenneth Mason Publications, Ltd., Emsworth, Hampshire P010 7DD, England.
  • the silver halide grains having tetrahexahedral crystal faces can have silver salt deposits on their surfaces, if desired. Selective site silver salt deposits on host silver halide grains are taught by Maskasky U.S. Patents 4,463,087 and 4,471,050, here incorporated by reference.
  • the growth modifier used to form the tetrahexahedral crystal faces of the silver halide grains can be retained in the emulsionn adsorbed to the grain faces, displaced from the grain faces or destroyed entirely.
  • the growth modifier is also capable of acting as a spectral sensitizing dye or performing some other useful function, it is advantageous to retain the growth modifier in the emulsion.
  • the growth modifier is not relied upon to perform an additional useful photographic function, its presence in the emulsion can be reduced or eliminated if desired, once its intended function is performed. This approach is advantageous where the growth modifier is at all disadvantageous is the environnent of use.
  • the growth modifier can itself be modified by chemical interactions, such as oxidation, hydrolysis, or addition reactions, accomplished with reagents such as bromine water, base, or acid ⁇ e.g., nitric, hydrochloric, or sulfuric acid.
  • the radiation sensitive silver halide emulsions and the photographic elements in which they are incorporated of this invention can take any convenient conventional form.
  • the emulsions can be washed as described in Research Disclosure, Item 17643, cited above, Section II.
  • the radiation sensitive silver halide grains of the emulsions can be surface chemically sensitized.
  • Noble metal e.g., gold
  • middle chalcogen e.g., sulfur, selenium, or tellurium
  • reduction sensitizers employed individually or in combination are specifically contemplated.
  • Typical chemical sensitizers are listed in Research Disclosure, Item 17643, cited above, Section III. From comparisons of surface halide and silver ion arrangements in general the chemical sensitization response of silver halide grains having tetrahexahedral crystal faces should be analogous, but not identical, to that of cubic and octahedral silver halide grains. That observation can be extended to emulsion addenda generally which adsorb to grain surfaces.
  • the silver halide emulsions can be spectrally sensitized with dyes from a variety of classes, including the polymethine dye class, which includes the cyanines, merocyanines, complex cyanines and merocyanines (i.e., tri-, tetra-, and polynuclear cyanines and merocyanines), oxonols, hemioxonols, styryls, merostyryls, and streptocyanines.
  • Illustrative spectral sensitizing dyes are disclosed in Research Disclosure, Item 17643, cited above, Section IV.
  • the silver halide emulsions as well as other layers of the photographic elements of this invention can contain as vehicles hydrophilic colloids, employed alone or in combination with other polymeric materials (e.g., latices).
  • Suitable hydrophilic materials include both naturally occurring substances such as proteins, protein derivatives, cellulose derivatives ⁇ e.g., cellulose esters, gelatin ⁇ e.g., alkali treated gelatin (cattle, bone, or hide gelatin) or acid treated gelatin (pigskin gelatin), gelatin derivatives ⁇ e.g., acetylated gelatin, phthalated gelatin, and the like, polysaccharides such as dextran, gum arabic, zein, casein, pectin, collagen derivatives, collodion, agar-agar, arrowroot, and albumin.
  • hydrophilic colloids which contain a low proportion divalent sulfur atoms.
  • the proportion of divalent sulfur atoms can be reduced by treating the hydrophilic colloid with a strong oxidizing agent, such as hydrogen peroxide.
  • a strong oxidizing agent such as hydrogen peroxide.
  • preferred hydrophilic colloids for use as peptiziers for the emulsions of this invention are gelatino-pepatizers which contains less than 30 micromoles of methionine per gram.
  • the vehicles can be hardened by conventional procedures. Further details of the vehicles and hardeners are provided in Research Disclosure, Item 17643, cited above, Sections IX and X.
  • the silver halide photographic elements of this invention can contain other addenda conventional in the photographic art.
  • Useful addenda are described, for example, in Research Disclosure Item 17643, cited above.
  • Other conventional useful addenda include antifoggants and stabilizers, couplers (such as dye forming couplers, masking couplers and DIR couplers) DIR compounds, anti-stain agents, image dye stabilizers, absorbing materials such as filter dyes and UV absorbers, light scattering materials r antistatic agents, coating aids, and plasticizers and lubricants.
  • the photographic elements of the present invention can be simple black-and-white or monochrome elements comprising a support bearing a layer of the silver halide emulsion, or they can be multilayer and/or multicolor elements.
  • the photographic elements produce images ranging from low contrast to very high contrast, such as those employed for producing half tone images in graphic arts. They can be designed for processing with separate solutions or for in-camera processing. In the latter instance the photographic elements can include conventional image transfer features, such as those illustrated by Research Disclosure, Item 17643, cited above, Section XXIII.
  • Multicolor elements contain dye image forming units sensitive to each of the three primary regions of the spectrum. Each unit can be comprised of a single emulsion layer or of multiple emulsion layers sensitive to a given region of the spectrum.
  • the layers of the element can be arranged in various orders as known in the art.
  • the emulsion or emulsions can be disposed as one or more segmented layers, e.g., as by the use of microvessels or microcells, as described in Whitmore U.S. Patent 4,387,154.
  • a preferred multicolor photographic element according to this invention containing incorporated dye image providing materials comprises a support bearing at least one blue sensitive silver halide emulsion layer having associated therewith a yellow dye forming coupler, at least one green sensitive silver halide emulsion layer having associated therewith a magenta dye forming coupler, and at least one red sensitive silver halide emulsion layer having associated therewith a cyan dye forming coupler, at least one of the silver halide emulsion layers containing grains having tetrahexahedral crystal faces as previously described.
  • the elements of the present invention can contain additional layers conventional in photographic elements, such as overcoat layers, spacer layers, filter layers, antihalation layers, and scavenger layers.
  • the support can be any suitable support used with photographic elements. Typical supports include polymeric films, paper (including polymer-coated paper), glass, and metal supports. Details regarding supports and other layers of the photographic elements of this invention are contained in Research Disclosure, Item 17643, cited above, Section XVII.
  • the photographic elements can be imagewise exposed with various forms of energy, which encompass the ultraviolet, visible, and infrared regions of the electromagnetic spectrum as well as electron ream and beta radiation, gamma ray, X ray, alpha particle, neutron radiation, and other forms of corpuscular and wave-like radiant energy in either noncoherent (random phase) forms or coherent (in phase) forms, as produced by lasers.
  • various forms of energy which encompass the ultraviolet, visible, and infrared regions of the electromagnetic spectrum as well as electron ream and beta radiation, gamma ray, X ray, alpha particle, neutron radiation, and other forms of corpuscular and wave-like radiant energy in either noncoherent (random phase) forms or coherent (in phase) forms, as produced by lasers.
  • X rays can include features found in conventional radiographic elements, such as those illustrated by Research Disclosure, Vol. 184, August 1979, Item 18431.
  • Processing of the imagewise exposed photographic elements can be accomplished in any convenient conventional manner. Processing procedures, developing agents, and development modifiers are illustrated by Research Disclosure, Item 17643, cited above, Sections XIX, XX, and XXI, respectively.
  • This example illustrates the preparation in the presence of ammonia of a tetrahexahedral silver bromide emulsion having the Miller index ⁇ 210 ⁇ , beginning with a cubic host emulsion.
  • a carbon replica electron micrograph ( Figure 12) shows Emulsion 1 to have tetrahexahedral faces.
  • the Miller index of the tetrahexahedral faces was determined by measurement of the relative angle between two adjacent tetrahexahedral crystal faces. From this angle, the supplement of the relative angle, which is the angle between their respective crystallographic vectors, ⁇ , could be obtained, and the Miller index of the adjacent tetrahexahedral crystal faces was identified by comparison of this angle ⁇ with the theoretical intersecting angle 0 between (h 1 k 1 0 1 ) and [h 2 k 2 0 2 vectors.
  • the angle e was calculated as described by Phillips, cited above, at pages 218 and 219.
  • Emulsion 1 is thus composed of regular tetrahexahedra showing ⁇ 210 ⁇ faces.
  • This example illustrates the preparation under non-ammoniacal conditions of a silver bromide emulsion having grains with Miller index ⁇ 410 ⁇ crystal faces beginning with a cubic host emulsion.
  • Example 2 To a reaction vessel supplied with a stirrer was added 0.05 mole of the same host emulsion as used in Example 1 (about 10 g/Ag mole gelatin) made up to 50 g. with water. To this was added 2 millimoles/Ag mole of Dye II dissolved in 2 ml. of N,N-dimethylformamide.
  • the mixture was held at 40°C for 15 min.
  • the pH was adjusted to 6.0 at 40°C, and the emulsion was heated to 60°C.
  • the pAg was adjusted to 8.5 at 60°C with KBr and maintained at that value during the precipitation.
  • a 2.0 M solution of AgN0 3 and a 2.0 M solution of KBr were then simultaneously added over a period of 50 min.
  • the AgN0 3 solution was added at a constant rate and 0.01 moles Ag were added.
  • Figure 13 is an electron micrograph of the resulting emulsion, showing the crystals to have a regular tetrahexahedral habit.
  • This example illustrates the preparation of another tetrahexahedral emulsion having a ⁇ 410 ⁇ Miller index, but using a different growth modifier.
  • the emulsion was prepared as described for Example 2, but for Dye II was substituted Dye III, 4 millimoles/Ag mole, dissolved in 3 mL. water. The precipitation was carried out for 50 min. at a rate consuming 0.02 mole Ag.
  • Figure 14 is an electron micrograph of Emulsion 3 showing the crystals to have a regular tetrahexahedral habit.
  • the Miller index was determined as described in Example 1 and found to be ⁇ 410 ⁇ .
  • Example 4 illustrates the preparation of a silver bromide tetrahexahedral emulsion having a ⁇ 410 ⁇ Miller index by the Ostwald ripening of a Lippmann emulsion onto a mixture of cubic and octahedral host grains in the presence of a growth modifier.
  • Figure 15 is an electron micrograph of the resulting emulsion, showing the crystals to have a regular tetrahexahedral habit.
  • the Miller index was determined to be ⁇ 410 ⁇ .
  • Example 5 illustrates the preparation of a silver bromide tetrahexahedral emulsion by Ostwald ripening, but using Dye III instead of Dye IV as growth modifier.
  • Example 5 The emulsion of Example 5 was prepared as described for Example 4, but using as growth modifier 0.09 millimole of Dye III dissolved in 3 mL of methanol, 1 mL of N,N-dimethylformamide, and 2 drops of triethylamine. An electron micrograph of the resulting emulsion is shown in Figure 16. The habit is a regular tetrahexahedron, with ⁇ 410 ⁇ faces.
  • This example illustrates the preparation of a tetrahexadral silver chloride emulsion having the Miller index ⁇ 410 ⁇ .
  • FIG. 17 An electron micrograph of the resulting tetrahexahedral emulsion grains is shown in figure 17.
  • the habit was a regular tetrahexahedron, and the Miller index was determined to be ⁇ 410 ⁇ .
  • This example illustrates additional growth modifiers capable of producing tetrahexahedral crystal faces and lists potential growth modifiers investigated, but not observed to produce tetrahexahedral crystal faces.
  • the second grain growth procedure was as follows : To a reaction vessel supplied with a stirrer was added 27.5 mL of water. To this was added 0.05 mole of a silver bromide host grain emulsion of mean grain size 0.8 ⁇ m, containing about 10 g/Ag mole of gelatin and having a total weight of 21.6 g. The emulsion was heated to 40°C, and 3.0 millimole/initial Ag mole of dissolved growth modifier was added. The mixture was held at 40°C for 15 min.
  • the third grain growth procedure employed 7.5 millimoles of a freshly prepared very fine grain (approximately 0.02 pm) AgBr emulsion to which was added 0.09 millimole of growth modifier. In this process these very fine AgBr grains were dissolved and reprecipitated onto the host grains.
  • the host grain emulsion contained 0.8 ⁇ m AgBr grains. A 7.5 millimole portion of the host grain emulsion was added to the very fine grain emulsion. A pll of 6.0 and pAg of 9.3 at 40° C was employed. The mixture was stirred at 60° C for about 19 hours.
  • the crystal faces presented by the host grains are as noted in Table I. Where both octahedral and cubic host grains are noted using the same growth modifier, a mixture of 5.0 millimoles cubic grains of 0.8 ⁇ m and 2.5 millimoles of octahedral grains of 0.8 ⁇ m was employed giving approximately the same number of cubic and octahedral host grains. In looking at the grains produced by ripening, those produced by ripening onto the cubic grains were readily visually distinguished, since they were larger. Thus, it was possible in one ripening process to determine the crystal faces produced using both cubic and octahedral host grains.
  • the ⁇ hk0 ⁇ surface column of Table I refers to those surfaces which satisfy the definition above for tetrahexahedral crystal laces.
  • This example illustrates the modification of a growth modifier used to prepare an emulsion according to the invention containing grains with tetrahexahedral crystal faces.
  • Emulsion A consisted of pure silver bromide tetrahexahedral grains while Emulsion B consisted of silver bromoiodide (2.5 mole percent iodide) tetrahexahedral grains.
  • Emulsions A and B were pink in color, the color being attributable to Dye I (see Example 1) employed as a growth modifier during their preparation.
  • Dye I employed as a growth modifier during their preparation.
  • bromine water was added with stirring. With the addition of the bromine water the pink color completely disappeared, leaving only a yellow color expected for the emulsions absent the presence of a spectral sensitizing dye.
  • spectral sensitizing dye employed as a growth modifier can be destroyed after emulsion preparation, if desired.
  • the emulsion is placed in a form in which it retains only its native spectral sensitivity, as is desirable for many known photographic applications.
  • another spectral sensitizing dye can be adsorbed to the grain surfaces.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Silver Salt Photography Or Processing Solution Therefor (AREA)

Claims (11)

1. Emulsion photographique aux halogénures d'argent comprenant des grains d'halogénures d'argent sensibles aux rayonnements de structure cristalline cubique ayant des faces cristallines tétrahexaédriques.
2. Emulsion photographique aux halogénures d'argent selon la revendication 1 dans laquelle les grains d'halogénures d'argent à faces cristallines tétrahexaédriques sont des grains de bromure d'argent.
3. Emulsion photographique aux halogénures d'argent selon la revendication 1 dans laquelle les grains d'halogénures d'argent à faces cristallines tétrahexaédriques sont des grains de chlorure d'argent.
4. Emulsion photographique aux halogénures d'argent selon la revendication 1, dans laquelle les grains d'halogénures d'argent à faces cristallines tétrahexaédriques contiennent au moins des ions bromures et/ou des ions chlorures et éventuellement contiennent une proportion mineure d'ions iodures par rapport à la quantité totale d'argent.
5. Emulsion photographique aux halogénures d'argent selon l'une quelconques des revendications 1 à 4 dans laquelle les grains d'halogénures d'argent ont en plus, au moins une face cristalline cubique ou octaédrique.
6. Emulsion photographique aux halogénures d'argent selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4 dans laquelle les grains d'halogénures d'arquent sont des grains tétrahexaédriques réguliers.
7. Emulsion photographique aux halogénures d'argent selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6 dans laquelle un agent modifiant la croissance des grains est adsorbé sur les faces cristallines tétrahexaédriques.
8. Emulsion photographique aux halogénures d'argent selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7 dans laquelle les faces cristallines tétrahexaédriques ont un indice de Miller {hk0} où 0 est zéro, h et k sont des entiers supérieurs à zéro et inférieurs ou égaux à 5 et différents l'un de l'autre.
9. Emulsion photographique aux halogénures d'argent selon la revendication 8 dans laquelle les faces cristallines tétrahexaédriques ont un indice de Miller de {210} ou {410}.
10. Emulsion photographique aux halogénures d'argent selon la revendication 9 dans laquelle l'agent modifiant la croissance des grains est présent dans l'émulsion et choisi parmi les colorants 3,3'-diéthylthiacyanine, 3-carboxyéthyl-5-{[3-(3-sulfopropyl)-2-thiazolidinylidène]éthylidène}rhodanine, ou 3-carboxypropyl-5-{[3-(3-sulfopropyl)-2-thiazolidinylidène]éthylidène}rhodanine.
11. Elément photographique contenant une émulsion selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 10.
EP19860306828 1985-09-03 1986-09-03 Emulsions photographiques à l'halogénure d'argent avec des grains à faces Expired EP0213963B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (8)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US77222885A 1985-09-03 1985-09-03
US81113385A 1985-12-19 1985-12-19
US81113285A 1985-12-19 1985-12-19
US811132 1985-12-19
US811133 1985-12-19
US881769 1986-07-03
US06/881,769 US4680255A (en) 1985-09-03 1986-07-03 Emulsions and photographic elements containing silver halide grains having tetrahexahedral crystal faces
US772228 1996-12-20

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0213963A2 EP0213963A2 (fr) 1987-03-11
EP0213963A3 EP0213963A3 (en) 1988-11-30
EP0213963B1 true EP0213963B1 (fr) 1991-07-31

Family

ID=27505722

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19860306828 Expired EP0213963B1 (fr) 1985-09-03 1986-09-03 Emulsions photographiques à l'halogénure d'argent avec des grains à faces

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0213963B1 (fr)
CA (1) CA1281226C (fr)
DE (1) DE3680608D1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3582707D1 (de) * 1984-07-28 1991-06-06 Konishiroku Photo Ind Silberhalogenidkoerner, ihre herstellung und lichtempfindliches photographisches material, das diese enthaelt.

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4183756A (en) * 1978-05-03 1980-01-15 Eastman Kodak Company Pre-precipitation spectral sensitizing dye addition process
US4225666A (en) * 1979-02-02 1980-09-30 Eastman Kodak Company Silver halide precipitation and methine dye spectral sensitization process and products thereof

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0213963A2 (fr) 1987-03-11
CA1281226C (fr) 1991-03-12
EP0213963A3 (en) 1988-11-30
DE3680608D1 (de) 1991-09-05

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US4643966A (en) Emulsions and photographic elements containing ruffled silver halide grains
EP0336425B1 (fr) Emulsions photographiques contenant des granules à l'halogénure d'argent modifiés à l'intérieur
DE3241645C2 (de) Strahlungsempfindliche photographische Silberhalogenidemulsion und Verfahren zur Herstellung derselben
US4835093A (en) Internally doped silver halide emulsions
US4035185A (en) Blended internal latent image emulsions, elements including such emulsions and processes for their preparation and use
JPS648325B2 (fr)
EP0213964B1 (fr) Emulsions photographiques à l'halogénure d'argent avec des grains à faces
US4724200A (en) Emulsions and photographic elements containing silver halide grains having icositetrahedral crystal faces
US4997751A (en) Silver halide emulsions having improved low intensity reciprocity characteristics and processes of preparing them
US4680256A (en) Emulsions and photographic elements containing silver halide grains having trisoctahedra crystal faces
JP3597536B2 (ja) 感度の高い写真乳剤
US4680254A (en) Emulsions and photographic elements containing silver halide grains having hexoctamedral crystal faces
US4680255A (en) Emulsions and photographic elements containing silver halide grains having tetrahexahedral crystal faces
EP0213963B1 (fr) Emulsions photographiques à l'halogénure d'argent avec des grains à faces
EP0215612B1 (fr) Emulsions photographiques à l'halogénure d'argent avec des grains à faces
EP0233396B1 (fr) Emulsions photographiques à l'halogénure d'argent avec des grains à faces
EP0234090B1 (fr) Emulsions photographiques à l'halogénure d'argent avec des grains à faces
EP0486629A1 (fr) Granules d'halogenure d'argent ayant de petites separations de plans doubles.
US5399477A (en) Silver halide photographic elements
JP2559264B2 (ja) ハロゲン化銀乳剤及びその製造方法
JPS62124551A (ja) ハロゲン化銀写真乳剤
US5420005A (en) Silver halide emulsion
EP0478669B1 (fr) Dopage d'emulsions d'halogenure d'argent avec un sel de potassium de sélénocyanate afin de former des grains photoactifs améliorés
EP0645671A1 (fr) Emulsion photographique à l'halogénure d'argent
US5512426A (en) Emulsions with high grain surface to volume ratios

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A2

Designated state(s): BE DE FR GB

PUAL Search report despatched

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009013

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A3

Designated state(s): BE DE FR GB

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 19890508

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 19900816

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): BE DE FR GB

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 3680608

Country of ref document: DE

Date of ref document: 19910905

ET Fr: translation filed
PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

26N No opposition filed
PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Payment date: 19950810

Year of fee payment: 10

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Payment date: 19950908

Year of fee payment: 10

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: BE

Payment date: 19950926

Year of fee payment: 10

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Payment date: 19951004

Year of fee payment: 10

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Effective date: 19960903

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Effective date: 19960930

Ref country code: BE

Effective date: 19960930

BERE Be: lapsed

Owner name: EASTMAN KODAK CY (A NEW JERSEY CORP.)

Effective date: 19960930

GBPC Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee

Effective date: 19960903

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Effective date: 19970603

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: ST

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: ST