EP0207524B1 - Stacking device - Google Patents

Stacking device Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0207524B1
EP0207524B1 EP86109125A EP86109125A EP0207524B1 EP 0207524 B1 EP0207524 B1 EP 0207524B1 EP 86109125 A EP86109125 A EP 86109125A EP 86109125 A EP86109125 A EP 86109125A EP 0207524 B1 EP0207524 B1 EP 0207524B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
stacking device
accordance
spacer
carrier surface
end surfaces
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP86109125A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0207524A2 (en
EP0207524A3 (en
Inventor
Herbert Holl
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Concordia Sprecher GmbH
Concordia Sprecher Schaltgeraete GmbH
Original Assignee
Concordia Sprecher GmbH
Concordia Sprecher Schaltgeraete GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Concordia Sprecher GmbH, Concordia Sprecher Schaltgeraete GmbH filed Critical Concordia Sprecher GmbH
Priority to AT86109125T priority Critical patent/ATE37340T1/en
Publication of EP0207524A2 publication Critical patent/EP0207524A2/en
Publication of EP0207524A3 publication Critical patent/EP0207524A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0207524B1 publication Critical patent/EP0207524B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D57/00—Internal frames or supports for flexible articles, e.g. stiffeners; Separators for articles packaged in stacks or groups, e.g. for preventing adhesion of sticky articles
    • B65D57/002—Separators for articles packaged in stacks or groups, e.g. stacked or nested
    • B65D57/003—Separators for articles packaged in stacks or groups, e.g. stacked or nested for horizontally placed articles, i.e. for stacked or nested articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D85/00—Containers, packaging elements or packages, specially adapted for particular articles or materials
    • B65D85/62—Containers, packaging elements or packages, specially adapted for particular articles or materials for stacks of articles; for special arrangements of groups of articles

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a spacer for flat sheet elements according to the preamble of patent claim 1.
  • Such a spacer is known from EP-A-0 130 922.
  • This known spacer has the shape of an L and serves as a spacer for the transport of flat panel elements, such as windshields.
  • Several spacers are placed together with their shorter base legs, so that an intermediate space for receiving a windshield is formed between the longitudinal legs of two L-shaped spacers.
  • a stack of windshields provided with spacers is then held together with a tensioning element, for example a belt, wherein the tensioning element clamps the spacers between the windshields.
  • the spacers should be made of a semi-hard, easily deformable material.
  • the glass panes are either vertical or are more or less inclined, the glass panes standing with their lower edge in depressions on a pallet and being held apart at their upper edge by the clamped-in spacers.
  • FR-A-2 548 632 also discloses L-shaped spacers for fragile, essentially flat objects. These items are also preferably windshields that are clamped between the long legs of the L-shaped spacers, the distance between two end faces touching a windshield being equal to the thickness of the windshield, and a stack of windshields provided with spacers by one stretched over the spacers Strapping is held together.
  • spacers which can be coupled in a form-fitting manner and are in the form of cuboid stacking elements, a very stable support structure is created in the vertical direction, which reliably supports the weight of the sheet metal lying on top, while at the same time horizontal stability is achieved by the engagement of the folded edge areas in the receiving grooves, for example during transport makes any additional strapping of a stack unnecessary, which in turn could lead to color damage.
  • the spacers which are arranged vertically one above the other and are designed as stacking members, enable sheets to be stacked on top of one another in a particularly simple manner, the coupling elements preventing the stacking members from slipping sideways.
  • a horizontal fixation within the entire stack is created by the receiving groove in the stacking element and the positive insertion of a sheet with its folded edge area into the stacking element, so that the entire stack is stable against tipping even during transport of the stack.
  • the respective support surface of the stacking element is preferably set back with respect to the adjacent support surface by an amount which corresponds to at least twice the thickness of the sheet metal part to be accommodated, the depth of the receiving groove being greater than the maximum height of the fold.
  • the choice of the depth of the receiving groove avoids high surface pressures and the positioning of the support surface ensures that, above all, the visible surfaces of the sheet metal parts do not come into contact with any elements during transport and stacking which could lead to paint damage.
  • a particularly cost-effective embodiment of the complementary coupling elements consists of at least one pin and a bore which receives the pin in a form-fitting manner, wherein the bore can be made continuously and one end region serves to fix a coupling pin and the other end region of the bore serves to accommodate another coupling pin.
  • the stacking members can be made of plastic, wood and the like, while the dowel pins are preferably made of metal.
  • the drawing shows the beginning of a stack structure with three stacking members 1 arranged one above the other.
  • the stacking members formed in one piece each consist of a spacer and carrier body with opposing support surfaces 2, 6 and a support body for the respective sheet metal part 10 which comes to rest on a surface 3 and engages with its folded area 8 in a receiving groove 7, which is straight and between the two body parts runs.
  • transition 11 between the receiving groove 7 and the support surface 3 set back with respect to the support surface 2 is preferably bevelled.
  • the body area having the support surfaces 2, 6 is provided with a bore 5, in the upper area of which a metal pin 4 serving as a coupling element is fixed.
  • the lower area of this bore 5 is used for coupling the corresponding pin 4 of a stacking element arranged underneath.
  • the receiving groove 7 is always chosen so deep that different bevels 8 can be accommodated, but it is ensured that the end face of the bevel does not stand on the groove base.
  • the width of the receiving groove (7) is always greater than the thickness of the respective bend.
  • the design of the stacking element according to the invention also enables the stacking of sheets with bevels of different heights, as is indicated in the drawing with the reference numbers 8 and 9.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Buffer Packaging (AREA)
  • Spinning Or Twisting Of Yarns (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)
  • Massaging Devices (AREA)

Abstract

1. Spacer for areal panel elements, the spacer comprising two oppositely disposed end surfaces (2) provided with mutually complementary coupling elements (4) and also a contact surface (3) disposed parallel to the end surfaces, characterized in that the spacer is formed as a parallelopiped-shaped stacking device (1) ; in that the contact surface forms a horizontally extending carrier surface (3) for supporting a panel element (10) formed of sheet metal which lays thereon ; in that the end surfaces are formed as horizontally extending support surfaces (2, 6) which carry the weight of the above lying stack ; in that a substantially vertical groove (7) is provided between the carrier surface (3) and the adjacent support surface (2) for accommodating a downwardly bent edge region (8) of the panel element (10) ; and in that the vertical distance between the carrier surface (3) and the adjacent support surface (2) is greater than the thickness of the panel element (10) to be accommodated.

Description

Die Erfindung geht aus von einem Abstandshalter für flächige Tafelelemente nach dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1.The invention relates to a spacer for flat sheet elements according to the preamble of patent claim 1.

Ein derartiger Abstandshalter ist aus der EP-A-0 130 922 bekannt. Dieser bekannte Abstandshalter besitzt die Form eines L und dient als Abstandsorgan zum Transport von flächigen Tafelelementen, wie beispielsweise Windschutzscheiben. Dabei werden mehrere Abstandshalter jeweils mit ihren kürzeren Basisschenkeln aneinandergesetzt, so daß sich zwischen den Längsschenkeln von zwei L-förmigen Abstandshaltern ein Zwischenraum zur Aufnahme einer Windschutzscheibe bildet. Ein Stapel von mit Abstandshaltern versehenen Windschutzscheiben wird dann mit einem Spannelement, beispielsweise einem Gurt, zusammengehalten, wobei das Spannelement die Abstandshalter zwischen den Windschutzscheiben einklemmt. Aus diesem Grund sollen die Abstandshalter aus einem halbharten, leicht deformierbaren Material sein. Die Glasscheiben stehen dabei entweder senkrecht oder sind mehr oder weniger geneigt, wobei die Glasscheiben mit ihrem unteren Rand in Vertiefungen einer Palette stehen und an ihrem oberen Rand von den eingeklemmten Abstandshaltern auseinander gehalten werden.Such a spacer is known from EP-A-0 130 922. This known spacer has the shape of an L and serves as a spacer for the transport of flat panel elements, such as windshields. Several spacers are placed together with their shorter base legs, so that an intermediate space for receiving a windshield is formed between the longitudinal legs of two L-shaped spacers. A stack of windshields provided with spacers is then held together with a tensioning element, for example a belt, wherein the tensioning element clamps the spacers between the windshields. For this reason, the spacers should be made of a semi-hard, easily deformable material. The glass panes are either vertical or are more or less inclined, the glass panes standing with their lower edge in depressions on a pallet and being held apart at their upper edge by the clamped-in spacers.

Auch aus der FR-A-2 548 632 sind L-förmige Abstandshalter für zerbrechliche, im wesentlichen ebene Gegenstände bekannt. Diese Gegenstände sind ebenfalls bevorzugt Windschutzscheiben, die zwischen den langen Schenkeln der L-förmigen Abstandshalter eingeklemmt werden, wobei der Abstand zwischen zwei eine Windschutzscheibe berührenden Stirnflächen gleich der Dicke der Windschutzscheibe ist und wobei ein Stapel von mit Abstandshaltern versehenen Windschutzscheiben durch eine über die Abstandshalter gespannte Umreifung zusammengehalten wird.FR-A-2 548 632 also discloses L-shaped spacers for fragile, essentially flat objects. These items are also preferably windshields that are clamped between the long legs of the L-shaped spacers, the distance between two end faces touching a windshield being equal to the thickness of the windshield, and a stack of windshields provided with spacers by one stretched over the spacers Strapping is held together.

Es ist die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, einen Abstandshalter nach dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1 zu schaffen, der unter Vermeidung zusätzlicher Fixierungsmittel die Schaffung stabiler Stapel von oberflächenbehandelten Blechen mit zumindest teilweise abgekanteten Randbereichen ermöglicht und gleichzeitig die Gefahr von Oberflächenbeschädigungen der Bleche vermeidet.It is the object of the present invention to provide a spacer according to the preamble of claim 1, which, while avoiding additional fixing means, enables the creation of stable stacks of surface-treated sheets with at least partially bent edge areas and at the same time avoids the risk of surface damage to the sheets.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch die im Kennzeichen des Patentanspruchs 1 angegebenen Merkmale gelöst.This object is achieved by the features specified in the characterizing part of patent claim 1.

Durch die miteinander formschlüssig kuppelbaren, als quaderförmige Stapelorgane ausgebildeten Abstandshalter wird in Vertikalrichtung eine sehr stabile Trägerstruktur geschaffen, die das Gewicht der aufliegenden Bleche sicher abstützt, während durch das Eingreifen der abgekanteten Randbereiche in die Aufnahmenuten gleichzeitig eine horizontale Stabilität erzielt wird, die beispielsweise beim Transport jegliche zusätzliche Umreifung eines Stapels, die wiederum zu Farbbeschädigungen führen könnte, überflüssig macht.By means of the spacers, which can be coupled in a form-fitting manner and are in the form of cuboid stacking elements, a very stable support structure is created in the vertical direction, which reliably supports the weight of the sheet metal lying on top, while at the same time horizontal stability is achieved by the engagement of the folded edge areas in the receiving grooves, for example during transport makes any additional strapping of a stack unnecessary, which in turn could lead to color damage.

Durch die vertikal übereinander angeordneten, als Stapelorgane ausgebildeten Abstandshalter wird auf besonders einfache Weise das Aufstapeln von Blechen übereinander ermöglicht, wobei die Kuppelelemente ein seitliches Verrutschen der Stapelorgane verhindern. Gleichzeitig wird durch die Aufnahmenut im Stapelorgan und das formschlüssige Einlegen eines Blechs mit seinem abgekanteten Randbereich in das Stapelorgan eine horizontale Fixierung innerhalb des gesamten Stapels geschaffen, so daß der gesamte Stapel ohne Umreifung auch während eines Transportes des Stapels kippsicher ist.The spacers, which are arranged vertically one above the other and are designed as stacking members, enable sheets to be stacked on top of one another in a particularly simple manner, the coupling elements preventing the stacking members from slipping sideways. At the same time, a horizontal fixation within the entire stack is created by the receiving groove in the stacking element and the positive insertion of a sheet with its folded edge area into the stacking element, so that the entire stack is stable against tipping even during transport of the stack.

Vorzugsweise ist die jeweilige Trägerfläche des Stapelorgans bezüglich der ihr benachbarten Stützfläche um einen Betrag zurückversetzt, der zumindest der doppelten Stärke des aufzunehmenden Blechteils entspricht, wobei die Tiefe der Aufnahmenut größer ist als die maximale Höhe der Abkantung.The respective support surface of the stacking element is preferably set back with respect to the adjacent support surface by an amount which corresponds to at least twice the thickness of the sheet metal part to be accommodated, the depth of the receiving groove being greater than the maximum height of the fold.

Durch die Wahl der Tiefe der Aufnahmenut werden hohe Flächenpressungen vermieden und durch die Positionierung der Stützfläche wird sichergestellt, daß vor allem die Sichtflächen der Blechteile während des Transports und der Stapelung nicht mit irgendwelchen Elementen in Berührung kommen, die zu Lackbeschädigungen führen könnten.The choice of the depth of the receiving groove avoids high surface pressures and the positioning of the support surface ensures that, above all, the visible surfaces of the sheet metal parts do not come into contact with any elements during transport and stacking which could lead to paint damage.

Eine besonders kostengünstige Ausgestaltung der komplementären Kuppelelemente besteht aus zumindest einem Stift und einer den Stift formschlüssig aufnehmenden Bohrung, wobei die Bohrung durchgehend ausgeführt sein kann und ein Endbereich zur Fixierung eines Kuppelstiftes und der andere Endbereich der Bohrung zur Kupplungsaufnahme eines anderen Kuppelstiftes dient.A particularly cost-effective embodiment of the complementary coupling elements consists of at least one pin and a bore which receives the pin in a form-fitting manner, wherein the bore can be made continuously and one end region serves to fix a coupling pin and the other end region of the bore serves to accommodate another coupling pin.

Die Stapelorgane können aus Kunststoff, Holz und dergleichen gefertigt werden, während die Kuppelstifte bevorzugt aus Metall bestehen.The stacking members can be made of plastic, wood and the like, while the dowel pins are preferably made of metal.

Weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind in den Unteransprüchen angegeben.Further advantageous embodiments of the invention are specified in the subclaims.

Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung wird anhand der Zeichnung erläutert; die einzige Figur der Zeichnung zeigt eine schematische Darstellung einer Stapelbildung unter Verwendung von erfindungsgemäßen Stapelorganen.An embodiment of the invention is explained with reference to the drawing; the only figure of the drawing shows a schematic representation of a stack formation using stacking elements according to the invention.

Die Zeichnung zeigt den Beginn eines Stapelaufbaus mit drei übereinander angeordneten Stapelorganen 1. Die einteilig ausgebildeten Stapelorgane bestehen jeweils aus einem Distanz-und Trägerkörper mit einander gegenüberliegenden Stützflächen 2, 6 sowie einem Stützkörper für das jeweilige Blechteil 10, das auf einer Fläche 3 zur Anlage kommt und mit seinem abgekanteten Bereich 8 in eine - Aufnahmenut 7 eingreift, die gerade ausgebildet ist und zwischen den beiden Korpusteilen verläuft.The drawing shows the beginning of a stack structure with three stacking members 1 arranged one above the other. The stacking members formed in one piece each consist of a spacer and carrier body with opposing support surfaces 2, 6 and a support body for the respective sheet metal part 10 which comes to rest on a surface 3 and engages with its folded area 8 in a receiving groove 7, which is straight and between the two body parts runs.

Der Übergang 11 zwischen der Aufnahmenut 7 und der bezüglich der Stützfläche 2 zurückversetzten Trägerfläche 3 ist vorzugsweise abgeschrägt ausgebildet.The transition 11 between the receiving groove 7 and the support surface 3 set back with respect to the support surface 2 is preferably bevelled.

Der die Stützflächen 2, 6 aufweisende Korpusbereich ist mit einer Bohrung 5 versehen, in deren oberem Bereich ein als Kuppelelement dienender Metallstift 4 fixiert ist. Der untere Bereich dieser Bohrung 5 dient zur kuppelnden Aufnahme des entsprechenden Stiftes 4 eines darunter angeordneten Stapelorgans.The body area having the support surfaces 2, 6 is provided with a bore 5, in the upper area of which a metal pin 4 serving as a coupling element is fixed. The lower area of this bore 5 is used for coupling the corresponding pin 4 of a stacking element arranged underneath.

Die Aufnahmenut 7 ist stets so tief gewählt, daß unterschiedliche Abkantungen 8 aufgenommen werden können, jedoch sichergestellt ist, daß die Stirnseite der Abkantung nicht am Nutgrund aufsteht. Die Breite der Aufnahmenut (7) ist stets größer als die Stärke der jeweiligen Abkantung.The receiving groove 7 is always chosen so deep that different bevels 8 can be accommodated, but it is ensured that the end face of the bevel does not stand on the groove base. The width of the receiving groove (7) is always greater than the thickness of the respective bend.

Die Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemäßen Stapelorgans ermöglicht auch die Stapelung von Tafeln mit unterschiedlich hohen Abkantungen wie dies in der Zeichnung mit den Bezugsziffern 8 und 9 angedeutet ist.The design of the stacking element according to the invention also enables the stacking of sheets with bevels of different heights, as is indicated in the drawing with the reference numbers 8 and 9.

Durch den gegenseitigen Eingriff der Kupplungsorgane 4, 5 und der Abkantungen 8 in die Vertiefungen 7 ergibt sich ein sehr stabiler Stapelverbund, der vergleichsweise hohe Stapel zuläßt, ohne Einbußen hinsichtlich der Stabilität entstehen zu lassen.The mutual engagement of the coupling members 4, 5 and the bevels 8 in the recesses 7 results in a very stable stack assembly, which allows comparatively high stacks without causing losses in terms of stability.

Die Verwendung der erfindungsgemäßen Stapelorgane,'von denen entsprechend den jeweiligen Anforderungen auch unterschiedliche Größen vorgesehen werden können, führt zu einer wesentlichen Vereinfachung des Transports und der Lagerung von Blechteilen mit abgekanteten Randbereichen, und zwar unter gleichzeitiger Erhöhung der Sicherheit und vor allem auch unter Ausschaltung von Gefahren der Lackierungsbeschädigung.The use of the stacking elements according to the invention, 'of which different sizes can also be provided according to the respective requirements, leads to a significant simplification of the transport and storage of sheet metal parts with folded edge areas, while increasing safety and, above all, also by switching off Dangers of paint damage.

Claims (10)

1. Spacer for areal panel elements, the spacer comprising two oppositely disposed end surfaces (2) provided with mutually complementary coupling elements (4) and also a contact surface (3) disposed parallel to the end surfaces,
characterised in that
the spacer is formed as a parallelopiped- shaped stacking device (1); in that the contact surface forms a horizontally extending carrier surface (3) for supporting a panel element (10) formed of sheet metal which lays thereon; in that the end surfaces are formed as horizontally extending support surfaces (2, 6) which carry the weight of the above lying stack; in that a substantially vertical groove (7) is provided between the carrier surface (3) and the adjacent support surface (2) for accommodating a downwardly bent edge region (8) of the panel element (10); and in that the vertical distance between the carrier surface (3) and the adjacent support surface (2) is greater than the thickness of the panel element (10) to be accommodated.
2. Stacking device in accordance with claim 1, characterized in that the carrier surface (3) is set back relative to the adjacent support surface (2) by an amount which corresponds at least to twice the thickness of the sheet metal part (10) to be accommodated.
3. Stacking device in accordance with claim 1, characterized in that the depth of the accommodation groove (7) is larger than the maximum height of the bent edge (8).
4. Stacking device in accordance with one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the surface of the parallelopiped (1) opposite to the carrier surface (3) is disposed in the same plane as the corresponding support surface (6).
5. Stacking device in accordance with one of the claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the complementary coupling elements (4, 5) consist of projections and recesses which interengage in form-locked manner.
6. Stacking device in accordance with claim 5, characterised in that the complementary coupling elements respectively consist of at least one pin (4) and a bore (5) which accommodates the pin in form-locked manner.
7. Stacking device in accordance with one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the parallelopipeds (1) consist of plastic, wood or the like.
8. Stacking device in accordance with claim 5, characterized in that the parallelopipeds are formed as hollow plastic bodies with internal stiffening; in that the respective projection consists of a preferably peripherally extending substantially rectangular projecting web; and in that the recess which accommodates the web is formed by the open rear side of the parallelopiped carrying the web.
9. Stacking device in accordance with one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the width of the accommodation groove (7) is only fractionally larger than the thickness of the bent edge (8).
10. Stacking device in accordance with one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the transition between the accommodation groove (7) and the carrier surface (3) is formed as an inclined surface (11).
EP86109125A 1985-07-04 1986-07-04 Stacking device Expired EP0207524B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT86109125T ATE37340T1 (en) 1985-07-04 1986-07-04 STACKING ORGAN.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19853524007 DE3524007A1 (en) 1985-07-04 1985-07-04 STACK ORGAN
DE3524007 1985-07-04

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0207524A2 EP0207524A2 (en) 1987-01-07
EP0207524A3 EP0207524A3 (en) 1987-09-16
EP0207524B1 true EP0207524B1 (en) 1988-09-21

Family

ID=6274995

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP86109125A Expired EP0207524B1 (en) 1985-07-04 1986-07-04 Stacking device

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0207524B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE37340T1 (en)
DE (2) DE3524007A1 (en)
ES (1) ES2000460A6 (en)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE202015005809U1 (en) 2015-08-14 2015-10-21 Heinz Neumann Gmbh Load handling devices

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2548633B3 (en) * 1983-07-05 1985-12-20 Saint Gobain Vitrage INSERTION ELEMENTS FOR HANDLING AND SEPARATING SHEET ITEMS
FR2548632A1 (en) * 1983-07-06 1985-01-11 Ulrych Adam SPACER FOR PRODUCING LOTS OF FRAGILE OBJECTS SUBSTANTIALLY PLANS AND LOTS OF OBJECTS MADE WITH SUCH SPACERS

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0207524A2 (en) 1987-01-07
ATE37340T1 (en) 1988-10-15
DE3524007A1 (en) 1987-01-08
EP0207524A3 (en) 1987-09-16
DE3660757D1 (en) 1988-10-27
ES2000460A6 (en) 1988-03-01

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