EP0205517A1 - Procede pour la production de vapeur pauvre en oxyde nitrique avec des combustibles fossiles - Google Patents

Procede pour la production de vapeur pauvre en oxyde nitrique avec des combustibles fossiles

Info

Publication number
EP0205517A1
EP0205517A1 EP86900139A EP86900139A EP0205517A1 EP 0205517 A1 EP0205517 A1 EP 0205517A1 EP 86900139 A EP86900139 A EP 86900139A EP 86900139 A EP86900139 A EP 86900139A EP 0205517 A1 EP0205517 A1 EP 0205517A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
combustion
ceramic
gasification
stage
gas
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP86900139A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Gesellschaft für Katalysatortechnik mbH KAT-TEC
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
KAT-TEC GESELLSCHAFT fur KATALYSATORTECHNIK MBH
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP0205517A1 publication Critical patent/EP0205517A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C13/00—Apparatus in which combustion takes place in the presence of catalytic material
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C3/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by the shape of the combustion chamber
    • F23C3/006—Combustion apparatus characterised by the shape of the combustion chamber the chamber being arranged for cyclonic combustion
    • F23C3/008—Combustion apparatus characterised by the shape of the combustion chamber the chamber being arranged for cyclonic combustion for pulverulent fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C6/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers or combustion zones, e.g. for staged combustion
    • F23C6/04—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers or combustion zones, e.g. for staged combustion in series connection
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
    • F23J15/02—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
    • F23J15/06—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of coolers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L15/00—Heating of air supplied for combustion
    • F23L15/04—Arrangements of recuperators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23M—CASINGS, LININGS, WALLS OR DOORS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, e.g. FIREBRIDGES; DEVICES FOR DEFLECTING AIR, FLAMES OR COMBUSTION PRODUCTS IN COMBUSTION CHAMBERS; SAFETY ARRANGEMENTS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION APPARATUS; DETAILS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F23M5/00—Casings; Linings; Walls
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/34—Indirect CO2mitigation, i.e. by acting on non CO2directly related matters of the process, e.g. pre-heating or heat recovery

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and a device by means of which fossil fuels can be converted into heat almost without nitrogen oxide and can be transferred to the water or water vapor in a steam generator.
  • tempera ture arises that are close to the theoretical combustion temperature. These temperatures are above the kinetic formation temperature for nitrogen oxides of 1300 ° C.
  • the object of the invention is to create conditions at all points of the steam generator system that nitrogen oxide formation is not possible. For this purpose, conditions must be created at all points so that the nitrogen oxide formation temperature of 1300 ° C is not exceeded in an oxidizing atmosphere.
  • the gasification consists of a ceramic-insulated combustion chamber, preferably a cyclone combustion chamber, which converts the fuel used, for example coal, with a partial air flow into a fuel gas with a low calorific value.
  • the implementation of the fossil fuel in the first stage is therefore a partial oxidation.
  • the gasification temperature is about 1500 - 1900 degrees C.
  • the high gasification temperature makes it possible on the one hand to remove the resulting slags in liquid form, and on the other hand the reaction is accelerated so that a relatively complete conversion of the coal or the oils containing solids is ensured.
  • a prerequisite for this high temperature is the well-insulating ceramic lining of the combustion chamber, for example with the wear-resistant and insulating ceramic materials such as silicon nitride and silicon carbide.
  • the formation of the liquid ash is further promoted by the fact that the ash particles last longer in the reducing atmosphere of the gasification stage, ie. H. remain liquid at lower temperatures, soda. even the lower temperatures that occur in smaller plants and in the initial phase are still sufficient to achieve a liquid ash removal.
  • this lower ash melting point of the 1st stage also means that the cracked gas in the blasting chamber must be cooled to lower temperatures before entering the touch heating surfaces. This temperature is approx. 900 grd C and with additives up to approx. 1050 grd C. To achieve this high gasification temperature or temperature of the partial oxidation, it is also necessary that the combustion air is preheated to a relatively high level between 300 and 700 ° C. This happens in the oxidation stages downstream heat exchangers or air heaters.
  • the heat exchangers downstream of the oxidation stages also contain heating surfaces for water heating, evaporation and overheating of water vapor. This causes the gases to cool down after the gasification stage and combustion stage to temperatures of 200 ° C and below.
  • the hydrogen sulfide be absorbed in lime milk suspension or in an absorption system which works with lime milk suspension.
  • the milk of lime converts with the hydrogen sulfide to calcium sulfide, which easily becomes calcium oxide and sulfur by heating with gypsum can be implemented.
  • a number of other regeneration processes are possible with this product.
  • the use of gypsum for regeneration enables the gypsum mountain to be reduced in the future.
  • the cleaned and cooled to below 100 grdC fuel gas is preheated in a heat exchanger before being passed on for combustion.
  • the heat for this gas preheating is preferably obtained from a separate heat recovery circuit.
  • the heat is recovered via a water circuit that cools the unpurified fuel gas on the heat-absorbing side, and heats the cold cleaned gas on the heat-emitting side using a compact high-performance heat exchanger. Since the water side in the heat exchanger. heat-absorbing side temperatures above 100 ° C may occur, the water circuit is provided with a pre-pressure, for example a nitrogen pad. It is also possible to place a heat pump between the cleaned and unpurified gas.
  • a ceramic which can be in the form of a perforated stone plate or honeycomb ceramic.
  • this ceramic contains a catalytic additive, which is on the ceramic or with wash coat coated ceramic is applied from 50 to 95% lanthanum and 5 to 50% cerium.
  • the combustion in the combustion ceramic saves flame space, so that the heat exchanger units can be arranged immediately after the combustion ceramic.
  • the combustion temperature is less than 1300 ° C without taking heat dissipation from the combustion zone into account.
  • the flue gas leaving the steam generator after this conversion is almost completely free of nitrogen oxide and sulfur.
  • the device for performing the method shows.
  • Fig. 1 with 1 the supply of fuel, with 2 the gasification tank, with 3 the ceramic lining, with 4 the supply of preheated air, with 5 the supply of water vapor and with 6 the removal of the slag chnet.
  • Some of these wall heating surfaces can be designed as superheaters.
  • the heating surfaces 8, 9 and 10 can serve for air preheating, water heating, water evaporation and overheating.
  • the deposited dust is removed via 14 and 15.
  • the smooth tube heat exchanger for the unpurified fuel gas from the heat recovery circuit is designated, with 13 the compact high-performance heat exchanger on the cleaned gas side and with 14 the circulation pump for the circulating water.
  • the cleaning unit of the gasification gas is designated. It is used to remove the hydrogen sulfide, for example by adding lime milk 60, which reacts to lime sulfide.
  • the reaction product is removed via 19.
  • the cleaned gasification gas enters a gas preheater 13, from which, heated at 21, it enters the flameless catalytic combustion chamber 22. Also in this combustion chamber is part of the 23 in the regenerative heat exchanger warmed air 24 via channel 25.
  • the gasification gas is reacted with air in the ceramic 26.
  • the exhaust gas emerging from this ceramic cools in the vertical tubes of the straight tube heat exchanger 27.
  • the cooled exhaust gas leaves the heat generator at 28 and is introduced into the chimney 29.
  • the feed water pump 40 conveys the feed water through the. Preheater 9 and 10 in the drum 41. Via the downpipes 42 it gets into the fin walls 43 and 44 of the fuel gas cooling section and in the straight tube heat exchanger 27 of the oxidation stage. Via the pipes 45, 46 and 47, the boiling water flows into the drum 41, where steam separation also takes place. Over 50 the saturated steam flows into the middle wall superheater 51 and from there via the injection control 52 into the final superheater 8. The live steam reaches the turbine via the pipeline 53.
  • the energy of a coal stream of 4.17 t / h which corresponds to a thermal output of 30 MW with a lower calorific value of 6733 kcal / kg and an underlying system efficiency of 92%, is to be implemented without nitrogen oxide and used to produce superheated steam at a pressure of 64 bar and a temperature of 520 grdC.
  • 30-degree air with a volume flow of 8.24 m3iN / s flows through a rotating LUVO 23 and is warmed up to 350 grdC by the exhaust gases from the oxidation process.
  • a partial flow of 5.32 m3iN / s of the 350-degree air 57 is branched off and passed via 55 to the cracked gas tract.
  • the 350% air in the melting chamber 2 becomes a fission gas stream at a temperature of approx. 1700 ° C 6.76 m3iN / s implemented.
  • the 1700-degree cracked gas is cooled to 900 ° C. by radiation and convection before it hits the first touch heating surface 8, the final superheater.
  • the temperature of the cracked gas drops to 160 ° C.
  • the cracked gas cools down further to approx. 80 ° C. At this temperature it leaves the cracked gas tract in order to be freed of its remaining solid particles in a dedusting unit 16, and then subsequently from its sulfurous compounds in a desulfurization unit 18. With approx.
  • the cleaned gas flows at 20 into the high-performance heat exchanger 13, which it with 120 grdC leaves and arrives in the combustion chamber of the combustion chamber tract 22.
  • the cracked gas is mixed with the remaining partial flow of the 350-degree air 56 of 2.92 m3iN / s and catalytically converted to exhaust gas 9.26 m3iN / s in a structural ceramic unit 26 at 1283 grdC .
  • No nitrogen oxide is formed, since the nitrogen oxide formation temperature is not reached at any point in the combustion.
  • the exhaust gas formed only has an air excess of 3-8%.
  • the extreme freedom from pollutants significantly reduces the signs of corrosion, so that lower exhaust gas temperatures are possible.
  • the exhaust gas is cooled to 407 ° C, in order to be subsequently further cooled to 130 ° C in the rotary LUVO 23; the 130% exhaust gas is discharged via the chimney 29 via a fan.
  • the 120-degree feed water flow of 10.2 kg / s is pumped with the feed water pump 40 through the ECOs 9 and 10 of the cracked gas tract, where it heats up to 197 ° C. At this temperature it flows into the drum 41, from where it flows through downpipes 42 in partial flows on the one hand into the fin walls of the cracked gas tract, and on the other hand onto the Rohrman tel side of the straight tube heat exchanger 27 of the combustion chamber tract flows.
  • saturated steam or boiling water flows over 45, 46 and 47 at 280 ° C into the drum 41.
  • the saturated steam is removed from the steam chamber of the drum and passed via 50 to the wall superheater 51, where the steam in a first stage is heated to 420 ° C.
  • an injection control 52 approx. 0.4 kg / s feed water of 120 grdC was added, which reduced the superheated steam to 382 grdC. is cooled. At this temperature it reaches the final superheater 8, where it is brought to its concession state of 520 grdC and 64 bar and then passed on to the turbine via 53.
  • the air 24 for the gasification and combustion flows through the LUVO 23, which has a diameter of approximately 4 m, and then divides into two partial flows 56 and 57.
  • One partial flow 57 enters the cracked gas tract and mixes with the ground hard coal 1 and the water vapor 5 in a ceramic-lined, fully insulated cyclone melting chamber 2 with two burners of the same size.
  • the melting chamber 2 has a diameter of approximately 4.2 m and a cylindrical height of approximately 4.2 m.
  • the liquid ash is drawn off with the exclusion of air via the funnel adjoining the lower end of the cylindrical part.
  • the cracked gas is fed into the blasting chamber of the steam generator via a channel 2 of approximately 2.5 mx 0.75 m, which projects somewhat into the lower part of the melting chamber.
  • the hot cracked gas is cooled in an empty train with an edge length of 4.0 m and 3.5 m and a height of approx. 6.5 m before it hits the 1st touch heating surface .
  • the fuel gas is cooled to the extent that it can be freed from its solid particles in a fabric filter unit 17 in a rectangular second train of 2.5 mx 4.0 m.
  • a subsequent desulfurization unit 18 which has a diameter of approx. 3.5 m and a height of approx. 4.5m, the sulfurous compounds are removed from the cracked gas.
  • a high-performance heat exchanger 13 with the outer dimensions of 1.8 mx 1.38 mx 0.8 m, the cracked gas is heated again and then fed to the combustion chamber tract.
  • the conversion to exhaust gas takes place catalytically in a ceramic 26 lying under the combustion chamber space.
  • the free heat is dissipated in a straight tube heat exchanger 27.
  • This heat exchanger consists of a base plate with the same dimensions as the combustion chamber and it has a height of 3.0 m.
  • the exhaust gas flows through 8640 ISO pipes (20 x 2.0).
  • FIG. 2 shows the individual components of the device according to the invention in a compact heat generation unit with integrated gas cleaning at a thermal output of 30 MW.
  • the fully ceramic-insulated gasification chamber with liquid ash extraction is designated by 1. It is connected to the radiation evaporator 3 via the connection channel 2.
  • This radiation evaporator 3 consists of fin tubes through which water flows.
  • the radiation evaporator forms together with the 2nd part, which consists of the superheater and preheater part, which is equipped with heat exchanger blocks 4, 5, 6 and for the heat recovery circuit 7 and 3, the entire cracked gas tract.
  • the opening to the dedusting unit 16 which consists of a bag filter, is designated.
  • the connection channel from the deduster unit to the desulfurization unit 9, to which the high-performance heat exchanger 10 belongs designated.
  • the connecting channel 11 guides the cleaned gas into the combustion chamber tract 12 with the structural ceramic units and the straight tube evaporator. All of the exhaust gas flows to the chimney 14 via the exhaust gas duct 13.
  • the main dimensions of the unit shown in FIG. 2 for the gasification chamber (1) are 4.20 m in height (20) and 4.20 m in diameter (21).
  • the dimensions of the fuel gas cooling and cleaning part are the height (22) of 12.0 m, the lower width (23) of 8.0 m, the upper width (24) of 5.0 m and the total depth (25) of 4 m.
  • the combustion chamber tract (12) has a height of (26) of 3.0 m and a diameter (27) of 2.5 m.
  • the entire heat generation unit can be made even more compact on the planning side.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Chimneys And Flues (AREA)

Abstract

Il est possible de produire de la chaleur pratiquement sans oxyde nitrique à partir de combustibles fossiles comme le charbon, le pétrole et le gaz si la combustion de ces produits s'effectue en plusieurs étapes. Le combustible (1) qui contient parfois des cendres est mélangé à de l'air (4) et de la vapeur d'eau (5) chauffés à haute température et converti en gaz combustible dans une chambre de fusion (2) entièrement garnie de céramique; le gaz combustible obtenu est refroidi pour préchauffage du circuit et production de vapeur (53), débarrassé des matières solides (16) et de l'acide sulfhydrique (18) et amené à un étage de combustion (22) catalytique ou non catalytique sans flamme. L'étage de combustion n'atteint qu'une température nettement inférieure à 1300oC en raison de la valeur calorifique moindre du gaz introduit dans la céramique de combustion (26), de sorte que la combustion s'effectue presque sans oxyde nitrique.
EP86900139A 1984-12-22 1985-12-19 Procede pour la production de vapeur pauvre en oxyde nitrique avec des combustibles fossiles Withdrawn EP0205517A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19843447147 DE3447147A1 (de) 1984-12-22 1984-12-22 Verfahren und vorrichtung fuer die stickoxidfreie dampferzeugung mit fossilen brennstoffen
DE3447147 1984-12-22

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0205517A1 true EP0205517A1 (fr) 1986-12-30

Family

ID=6253709

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP86900139A Withdrawn EP0205517A1 (fr) 1984-12-22 1985-12-19 Procede pour la production de vapeur pauvre en oxyde nitrique avec des combustibles fossiles

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US4716844A (fr)
EP (1) EP0205517A1 (fr)
JP (1) JPS62501230A (fr)
DE (2) DE3447147A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1986003821A1 (fr)

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EP0432293B1 (fr) * 1989-12-21 1995-03-01 Kawasaki Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Procédé pour la récupération de gaz résiduaires d'un foyer à charbon
DE69224239T2 (de) * 1991-07-05 1998-05-20 Thermatrix Inc Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur gesteuerten Reaktion in einer Reaktionsmatrix
US5165884A (en) * 1991-07-05 1992-11-24 Thermatrix, Inc. Method and apparatus for controlled reaction in a reaction matrix
US5325796A (en) * 1992-05-22 1994-07-05 Foster Wheeler Energy Corporation Process for decreasing N2 O emissions from a fluidized bed reactor
US6003305A (en) 1997-09-02 1999-12-21 Thermatrix, Inc. Method of reducing internal combustion engine emissions, and system for same
US5989010A (en) 1997-09-02 1999-11-23 Thermatrix, Inc. Matrix bed for generating non-planar reaction wave fronts, and method thereof
US6015540A (en) * 1997-09-02 2000-01-18 Thermatrix, Inc. Method and apparatus for thermally reacting chemicals in a matrix bed
US6282371B1 (en) 1998-07-02 2001-08-28 Richard J. Martin Devices for reducing emissions, and methods for same
US6145454A (en) * 1999-11-30 2000-11-14 Duke Energy Corporation Tangentially-fired furnace having reduced NOx emissions
DE102008064321A1 (de) * 2008-09-19 2010-04-01 Ecoenergy Gesellschaft Für Energie- Und Umwelttechnik Mbh Externe Frischluftvorwärmung bei Feststofffeuerungen

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US3818869A (en) * 1973-01-02 1974-06-25 Combustion Eng Method of operating a combined gasification-steam generating plant
US4060378A (en) * 1974-12-11 1977-11-29 Energiagazdalkodasi Intezet Method of firing and furnace therefor
CA1070963A (fr) * 1976-03-08 1980-02-05 Exxon Research And Engineering Company Minimisation de la production d'oxydes d'azote lors du fonctionnement de chambres de combustion de turbines a gaz
US4097217A (en) * 1976-12-09 1978-06-27 The Keller Corporation Method for converting combustor from hydrocarbonaceous fuel to carbonaceous fuel
DD145181A3 (de) * 1978-09-28 1980-11-26 Helmut Peise Reaktor zur gaserzeugung durch partialoxidation unter erhoehtem druck
US4289502A (en) * 1979-05-30 1981-09-15 Texaco Development Corporation Apparatus for the production of cleaned and cooled synthesis gas
US4290269A (en) * 1979-10-09 1981-09-22 Modo-Chemetics Ab Process for the efficient conversion of water-containing organic materials as fuels into energy
US4344373A (en) * 1979-10-30 1982-08-17 Agency Of Industrial Science And Technology Method for pyrolyzing
US4354821A (en) * 1980-05-27 1982-10-19 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Environmental Protection Agency Multiple stage catalytic combustion process and system
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US4336769A (en) * 1981-03-31 1982-06-29 Foster Wheeler Energy Corporation Integral vapor generator/gasifier system
FR2517025A1 (fr) * 1981-11-25 1983-05-27 Fives Cail Babcock Installation de chaudiere a combustible solide
US4430094A (en) * 1981-12-21 1984-02-07 Foster Wheeler Energy Corporation Vapor generating system having a plurality of integrally formed gasifiers extending to one side of an upright wall of the generator
DE3339741A1 (de) * 1983-09-09 1985-05-15 Insumma Projektgesellschaft mbH, 8500 Nürnberg Brennwertgeraet fuer kohlenwasserstoffe
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3447147A1 (de) 1986-06-26
US4716844A (en) 1988-01-05
DE3531815A1 (de) 1987-03-19
WO1986003821A1 (fr) 1986-07-03
JPS62501230A (ja) 1987-05-14

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