EP0204127B1 - Pressure-resisting mixer - Google Patents

Pressure-resisting mixer Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0204127B1
EP0204127B1 EP86105684A EP86105684A EP0204127B1 EP 0204127 B1 EP0204127 B1 EP 0204127B1 EP 86105684 A EP86105684 A EP 86105684A EP 86105684 A EP86105684 A EP 86105684A EP 0204127 B1 EP0204127 B1 EP 0204127B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
container
pressure
mixing
mixing container
cover
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP86105684A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0204127A2 (en
EP0204127A3 (en
Inventor
Hubert Eirich
Paul Eirich
Walter Eirich
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Individual
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Individual
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Priority to AT86105684T priority Critical patent/ATE67429T1/en
Publication of EP0204127A2 publication Critical patent/EP0204127A2/en
Publication of EP0204127A3 publication Critical patent/EP0204127A3/en
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Publication of EP0204127B1 publication Critical patent/EP0204127B1/en
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01FMIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F33/00Other mixers; Mixing plants; Combinations of mixers
    • B01F33/70Mixers specially adapted for working at sub- or super-atmospheric pressure, e.g. combined with de-foaming
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01FMIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F29/00Mixers with rotating receptacles
    • B01F29/80Mixers with rotating receptacles rotating about a substantially vertical axis
    • B01F29/83Mixers with rotating receptacles rotating about a substantially vertical axis with rotary paddles or arms, e.g. movable out of the receptacle
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01FMIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F35/00Accessories for mixers; Auxiliary operations or auxiliary devices; Parts or details of general application
    • B01F35/45Closures or doors specially adapted for mixing receptacles; Operating mechanisms therefor
    • B01F35/451Closures or doors specially adapted for mixing receptacles; Operating mechanisms therefor by rotating them about an axis parallel to the plane of the opening
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01FMIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F35/00Accessories for mixers; Auxiliary operations or auxiliary devices; Parts or details of general application
    • B01F35/75Discharge mechanisms
    • B01F35/751Discharging by opening a gate, e.g. using discharge paddles

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a pressure-resistant mixer with a filling opening, a rotatable mixing container having an emptying device, with mixing tools inside the mixing container and with drive motors and drive means for driving the mixing tools and / or the mixing container, a stationary pressure container being arranged around the mixing container.
  • a disadvantage of these machines is that the seals between the pressure vessel, which simultaneously forms the mixing vessel, and the projecting mixing tool shafts lie in the area exposed to the mixture. These seals are therefore subject to heavy wear, contamination and chemical attacks. This often leads to extensive maintenance work in the area of the seals with correspondingly long machine downtimes.
  • a kneader is known in which a mix container is surrounded on three sides by a pressure vessel. However, the two end faces and the upper side are mixing vessel and pressure vessel walls at the same time.
  • pressurized seals of the tool bearings are all in the mix area.
  • a number of mixing tasks can be solved particularly well with so-called intensive mixers, which have a mixing plate (mixing container) rotating about a vertical or slightly inclined axis with mixing tools arranged eccentrically therein.
  • intensive mixers which have a mixing plate (mixing container) rotating about a vertical or slightly inclined axis with mixing tools arranged eccentrically therein.
  • Such machines have proven themselves particularly when mixing difficult-flowing, pasty and plastic masses. So far it has not been possible to do this to design a particularly effective mixing system for pressure or vacuum operation, since the slide seals required would be extremely large and, moreover, would have been exposed to harmful mix influences.
  • the technical problem to be solved for the present invention is to produce a pressure-resistant mixer, the pressure-resistant sliding seals of which, on the one hand, are not exposed to the mix and which, on the other hand, can work according to the principle of the intensive mixer even without the use of extremely large pressure-resistant sliding seals nevertheless has a simple, direct removal option for the finished mix.
  • the mixing tools are arranged eccentrically to the axis of the mixing container in the interior of the mixing container, that there is a passage opening at the bottom of the pressure container concentric with the axis of the mixing container and an emptying opening at the bottom of the mixing container, which opening is provided by an outlet ring attached to the edge of the emptying opening is formed, which is connected on its outside via a sliding seal to a sealing edge running concentrically through the passage opening at the bottom of the pressure vessel and that at the end of the pressure vessel over the wall of the mixing container and / or at the upper edge thereof, a sliding seal that is sealed against the mix is attached.
  • This separation of the pressure tank and the mixing tank allows the installation of sliding seals in areas that do not come into contact with the mix. It is also possible to arrange an intensive mixer in the interior of a pressure vessel, the size of the sliding seals to be used not being determined by the eccentric arrangement of the mixing tools, but only by the diameter of the drive shaft for mixing tools and mixing vessel and by the diameter of an emptying opening .
  • a passage opening is expediently provided concentrically with this emptying opening in the bottom of the pressure container below.
  • This passage opening serves on the one hand for the passage of the closure lid of the discharge opening and on the other hand also for the passage of the mixed material flowing out or falling out of the discharge opening.
  • Passage and emptying opening are connected to each other by an outlet ring, the upper edge of which is expediently tightly and firmly connected to the edge of the emptying opening and the lower edge of which is connected to the sealing edge of the passage opening of the pressure vessel via an external sliding seal.
  • the passage opening is thus formed by the lower inner region of the outlet ring.
  • This arrangement of the opening has the advantage that the sliding seal between the outlet ring and the sealing edge can have a minimal diameter, which means that the user can, if necessary, fall back on relatively inexpensive seals with standard dimensions, which are available from relevant specialist dealers.
  • the arrangement of the sliding seal has again the advantage that the latter does not come into contact with the mix.
  • closure lid for the discharge opening is rotatably mounted on the closure lid mechanism and is firmly connected to the rotating mixing container via a stationary seal in the closed state.
  • Stationary seals can be made from much less sensitive and robust materials than sliding seals and can also be pressed firmly against the sealing surfaces, so that their loading with mixed material can be easily accepted, since there is no wear on the seal without relative movement between the sealing cover and the opening edge .
  • a sliding seal that is sealed against the mixture is attached to the cover of the pressure container above the wall of the mixing container and / or at the upper edge thereof.
  • Such a seal has the advantage that mixed material (dust, sand, etc.) whirled up by the mixing tools does not reach the area of the pressure vessel outside the mixing vessel, where the more sensitive pressure-resistant sliding seals are located.
  • the above-mentioned object is also achieved in that, instead of the aforementioned bottom opening through the cover of the pressure vessel, a suction pipe which can be moved essentially perpendicularly to the cover plane and is sealed on its outside against the cover is arranged for the removal of absorbent mix.
  • the pressure container is essentially a cylindrical container with a bottom, cover and wall and the mixing container is essentially a cylindrical container with a bottom, wall and without Cover is.
  • Cylindrical containers are generally quite easy to manufacture and, on the other hand, are particularly suitable as pressure vessels due to their geometric shape.
  • the mixing container is rotatably mounted inside the pressure container. In this way, the principle of the intensive mixer can be applied.
  • the drive motor of the mixing container is arranged outside the pressure container and a shaft is provided as a driven means through the bottom of the pressure container and provided with a sliding seal, at the end of which a pinion is attached inside the pressure container, which is connected to a gear meshes at the bottom of the mixing container.
  • the motor is easily accessible and easy to cool, and the required sliding seal of the drive shaft lies outside the mixing container and is therefore not exposed to the influences of the mix.
  • a further advantageous embodiment of a mixer according to the invention is characterized in that the drive motor of the mixing container is arranged outside the pressure container and that a shaft which is guided by an elastic sleeve on the bottom of the pressure container and is provided with a sliding seal is provided as the output means, at the end of which Inside the pressure vessel, a friction wheel is attached, which abuts a drive ring of the mixing vessel.
  • the drive of mixing containers by means of a friction wheel has proven to be particularly low-maintenance and quiet.
  • the flexibility of the friction wheel also makes it elastic Bearing of the drive motor and the drive shaft required.
  • the sliding seal of the shaft or its surround can be connected to the housing of the pressure container via a sleeve, which can consist, for example, of a rubber plate.
  • a sleeve which can consist, for example, of a rubber plate.
  • the drive motor for the mixing tools is attached to the lid or side wall or on the machine frame outside the pressure vessel and via a shaft which is guided through the lid of the pressure vessel and provided with a sliding seal with the mixing tools inside the Mixing container is connected.
  • the motor is easily accessible and the sliding seal for the shaft of the mixing tools generally does not come into contact with the material to be mixed, since it is arranged on the cover of the pressure vessel.
  • the shaft can advantageously also be provided with a protective ring underneath the sliding seal.
  • a suction pipe is arranged through the cover of the pressure vessel that is movable essentially perpendicular to the cover plane and sealed on the outside against the cover for the removal of absorbent mix.
  • the discharge opening in the bottom of the mixing container can be replaced by the suction pipe.
  • the mix can then be pumped out of the mixer at the end of the mixing time be sucked.
  • the closure cap and the drive parts required for this are saved in this solution, and the diameter of the required sliding seals is limited to the diameter of a drive or bearing shaft for the mixing container, which in this case is also expediently arranged centrally.
  • the suction pipe is preferably arranged such that it can be raised and lowered so that there is no disruption of the mixture flow during the mixing process, during which the material to be mixed may be very viscous.
  • the seal around the intake manifold can e.g. be a compression fitting which on the one hand enables the suction pipe to be raised and lowered and at the same time serves as a locking device with the aid of which the desired height of the suction pipe opening is adjusted.
  • the person skilled in the art can select the seal and / or locking device that is best suited for the respective purpose.
  • the lower edge of the suction pipe can be adjusted so that the distance from the bottom of the mixing tank corresponds to the desired height of the mix.
  • the respective degree of filling then corresponds precisely to the average residence time of the mixed material.
  • the pressure in the suction pipe must of course still be below the residual pressure of the pressure vessel so that removal is possible at all. If necessary, the pressure vessel can also be briefly pressurized with low pressure during the removal of the mix by the suction pipe in order to accelerate the removal of the mix.
  • a vacuum flange for attaching a suction or vacuum pump line is attached to the lid of a pressure vessel according to the invention above the mixing vessel and a pressure flange for connecting a pressure line to the cylinder wall or on the lid of the pressure vessel outside of the mix seal just mentioned.
  • Such attached vacuum and pressure flanges are on the one hand independent of filling processes and on the other hand, gas supplied or extracted in this way always flows from the outer area of the pressure vessel into the mixing vessel, so that in this way it is also avoided that whirled up mix material in the outer area of the Mixing container arrives.
  • openings can be closed by pressure plates with pressure-resistant seals and in the wall of the mixing container at the same height by plates are closable openings with seals sealed against mixed material.
  • These openings make it possible to access functionally essential parts of the mixer, such as the mixing tools, from the outside or, for example, to line the mixing container from the inside with wear linings.
  • the wear coverings are fastened by simple through-bores in the wall and / or in the bottom of the mixing container, which allow simple and quick replacement.
  • a condenser for condensing gases pumped out of the mixture is arranged on the cover of the pressure vessel. It can be advantageous if the condenser for the backflow of the condensate is connected at its lowest point to the vacuum flange or another opening in the lid of the pressure vessel above the mixing vessel. So there is e.g. Mixing processes in which physical or chemical reactions generate thermal energy due to the mixing process and the mix may heating up in an undesirable manner. Such heating can be avoided by e.g. a partially gaseous constituent of the mixed material is pumped out, the further evaporation of this constituent forced by the pumping removing the heat of evaporation required for this from the mixed material. However, since the composition of the mix should generally not change, it is advantageous if the pumped gas condenses in a condenser (heat exchanger) and is then fed back to the mix in liquid form.
  • a condenser is also arranged on the cover of the pressure vessel, which at its lowest point is connected to an outlet which opens outside the mixing vessel.
  • the drain is attached so that it opens not only outside the mixing container but also outside the pressure container. At the end, the solvents can be recovered and used in the next batch.
  • Pressure and / or temperature measuring devices which are coupled to a control device for setting a specific pressure or a specific pump output, can be arranged on the cover of the pressure container above or directly in contact with the material to be mixed. Since pressure and temperature are dependent on one another for gaseous systems, temperature control can advantageously be carried out by appropriately adjusting the pressure.
  • Another possibility for regulating the temperature of the material to be mixed can be provided by a further embodiment of a pressure mixer in which the wall and bottom of the mixing container are hollow for the flow of a coolant and / or heating medium.
  • feed lines are arranged on the bottom of the pressure container next to the passage opening, which are passed through the sealing edge and open in the interspaces of three sliding seals which are located one above the other at intervals between the sealing edge and the outlet ring.
  • the seal required for the printing operation around the passage opening is thus designed so that at least two chambers are formed between several individual sealing rings, which are suitable for the supply and / or removal of cooling and / or heating media through appropriate supply lines.
  • the inside of the wall and the bottom of the mixing container are connected to the same spaces of the sliding seals in which the feed lines open, by means of holes drilled on the entire edge of the outlet ring.
  • the interior of the bottom and the wall of the mixing container is expediently divided into two regions by a further partition, one of which is connected to the inlet and the other to the outlet of the heating or cooling liquid and which are connected to one another at the upper edge of the mixing container wall .
  • the inflowing heating or cooling agent must flow along the entire bottom and wall surface of the mixing container before it flows into the drain, so that very effective heating or cooling is achieved.
  • Such a heating or cooling possibility of the mixing container is particularly advantageous when the mix contains hardly any gaseous constituents and temperature regulation by adjusting the gas pressure is not possible.
  • a further pressure sealing cover for the pressure container is provided. Both covers can be attached to the same swivel arm. While the pressure cap is already brought into its closed end position by the pivoting movement of the cap mechanism, the closing and pressing of the cap for the mixing container takes place by means of an additional drive attached to the pivot arm or the pressure cap, e.g. spring, hydraulic or pneumatic cylinder, electric motor, etc. the cover for the mixing container is rotatably mounted on the additional drive.
  • this embodiment can be expanded to the effect that the drive motors for the mixing container and the mixing tools are arranged inside the pressure container, so that the relatively small sliding seals of the drive shafts for the mixing container and the mixing tools can also be omitted.
  • the pressure-resistant mixer only stationary seals can therefore be used. This can be advantageous or even necessary if there are particularly large differences compared to atmospheric pressure or if toxic gases are used inside the pressure vessel.
  • the pressure-tight supply of electrical connections and coolants for the drive motors can be carried out in a conventional and known manner.
  • FIG. 1 the vertical section through a pressure mixer according to the invention with the vertical axis of rotation of the mixing container 1 is shown.
  • the pressure vessel 3 is mounted on a frame 14. Inside the pressure vessel 3, the mixing vessel 1 is rotatably mounted on a ball bearing 2.
  • the emptying opening 20 of the mixing container 1 is closed by a closure lid 8, which is connected to the mixing container 1 in a tightly sealing manner by means of a stationary seal and is rotatably and pivotably mounted on the closure lid mechanism 21.
  • the passage opening 18 of the pressure vessel bottom 31 enables the closure cover 8 to be inserted into the emptying opening 20 and the mixture to pass through when the cover 8 is open and after the mixing process has ended.
  • the emptying and the passage openings 20 and 18 are formed by the outlet ring 25, on the outside of which the sliding seal 9 establishes the connection to the sealing edge 26 of the pressure vessel base 31.
  • the ball bearing 2 is surrounded by a ring gear 4, in which a pinion 5 engages, which in turn is driven by the shaft 34 of the motor 6 provided with a sliding seal 10 and thus causes the mixing container 1 to rotate.
  • the drive motor 22 which is fastened to the machine frame 14, the one provided with the sliding seal 11 via V-belts Drive shaft 33 for the mixing tools 17.
  • the shaft is provided below the sliding seal 11 with a protective ring 19, which serves to protect the sliding seal 11 from whirled up mix.
  • a seal 16 attached to the lid 27 of the pressure vessel 3 bears against the upper edge of the mixing vessel 1 and prevents the passage of mixed material from the mixing vessel 1 into the space of the pressure vessel 3 surrounding the mixing vessel 1.
  • Above the mixing vessel 1 are located on the lid 27 of the pressure vessel 3, the filling opening 15 and the suction flange 12.
  • the pressure flange 13 is likewise arranged on the cover 27 of the pressure container 3, but is located outside the circle described by the seal 16. In this way, gas introduced through the pressure flange 13 first flows into the space of the pressure container surrounding the mixing container and from there through the seal 16, which only seals tightly for mixed material, into the mixing container 1.
  • openings 37 and 37a through which the interior of the mixing vessel 1 is made accessible, are provided at the same height by the covers 7 and 7a. This enables maintenance and repair work, for example on the mixing tools 17, or also the replacement of wear linings 23 with which the inside of the mixing container 1 can be lined.
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 show details of the mounting of the mixing container 1 and the sealing of the mixing or pressure container 1 or 3 in the region of the bottom-side emptying or passage opening 20 or 18.
  • FIG. 2 there is a wear layer with several horizontal lines 23 shown. 2 shows in cross section the ball bearing 2 with the ring gear 4 surrounding the ball bearing 2.
  • the emptying opening 20 and the passage opening 18 are enclosed by an outlet ring 25 which is firmly connected to the bottom of the mixing container 1.
  • the sliding seal 9 Between the outside of the outlet ring 25 and the sealing edge 26 of the pressure vessel 3 is the sliding seal 9, which seals the inside of the pressure vessel 3 and the associated mixing vessel 1 against the environment, the mixing vessel 1 with the outlet ring 25 opposite the pressure vessel 3 with the Sealing edge 26 is rotatable along the sliding seal 9.
  • the diameter of the outlet ring 25 and the sealing edge 26 is chosen so that the sliding seal 9 can be a seal in a commercially available shape and size.
  • FIG. 3 shows another form of a mixing container wall 3, which in this case is designed as a hollow wall and through which a coolant or heating medium flows.
  • supply lines 24 are inserted in a conventional manner in a pressure-tight manner through the bottom 31 of the pressure vessel 3 into the sealing edge 26 and open there in the interspaces of three annular sliding seals 9 arranged one above the other establish the connection from these spaces to the interior of the mixing container wall 31.
  • a partition divides the interior of the mixing container wall 31 into two subspaces connected at the upper edge of the mixing container 1, one of which is connected to the inlet and the other to the outlet of the heating or coolant supply lines 24 is connected. In this way, an effective heat exchange is achieved on the entire mixing container wall 31.
  • Figures 4 and 5 show two embodiments of a pressure-resistant mixer according to the invention in side view.
  • the axis of rotation of the mixing container 1 is vertical, in Figure 5 this axis is slightly inclined.
  • a condenser 29 is attached to the cover 27 of the pressure vessel 3 and is connected at its lower end to the vacuum flange 12.
  • the gas drawn off by the vacuum flange 12 condenses in a heat exchanger of the condenser 29 and can then be fed back to the mixture in liquid form through the same opening.
  • the vacuum flange 12 is shown larger than the fill opening 15 and the pressure flange 13.
  • Figure 5 only the vacuum opening 12 is shown.
  • the condensate flows back through the vacuum flange 12 into the interior of the mixing container 1, it can be dammed up in the lower region of the condenser 29 in front of a collecting plate 39 and, if necessary, can flow through the outlet 36 after opening the valve 32.
  • This option will be chosen if, for example, solvents are removed from the mix and should not flow back into the mix.
  • the solvent flowing off through the outlet 36 can then be collected outside the mixing container 1, preferably also outside the pressure container 3 and can be used again for the next batch, for example.
  • the enlarged section in FIG. 5 indicates how, on the one hand, a gaseous substance is pumped into the condenser through an attachment pipe on the vacuum flange 12, while at the same time the cooled and again condensed gas flows back into the mixing container 1 as a liquid through the same opening.
  • FIG. 6 shows a pressure-resistant mixer in which the mixing container 1 is driven by the drive motor 6 via a friction wheel 5a.
  • the sliding seal 10 or the associated outer frame of the sliding seal 10 is connected in a pressure-tight manner to an appropriate opening in the bottom 31 of the pressure container 3 via an elastic sleeve 10a.
  • the shaft 34 of the drive motor 6 has enough play to adapt to the radial movements of the friction wheel 5a on the drive ring 4a with respect to the mixing container axis 35 without mechanically stressing the sliding seal 10, which could otherwise lead to leaks.
  • FIG. 7 shows a pressure-resistant mixer in an embodiment in which there is no emptying opening 20 in the bottom 28 of the mixing container 1, but instead a suction tube 38, which can be moved in the vertical direction and is attached to the cover 27, through which flowable mixed material is sucked out of the mixing container 1 can.
  • the suction pipe 38 is connected to a flange 42 of the cover 27 of the pressure vessel 3 via a seal (not visible here) and can be moved up and down in the vertical direction, so that the end of the suction pipe 38 is either above the mixture or as required immersed in this.
  • the ability to pull the suction pipe 38 out of the mix can be advantageous in this respect be when the mix may have a very viscous consistency during the mixing process or may even have some solids with a very rough structure.
  • a suction pipe 38 immersed in the material to be mixed would then be subjected to unnecessary mechanical loads and would also disrupt the circulation of the material to be mixed.
  • such a suction pipe has the advantage that there is no need for an emptying opening 20 on the bottom 28 of the mixing container 1 and no through opening 18 for the mixing material on the bottom 31 of the pressure container 3.
  • the relatively large sliding seal 9 can thus also be omitted, so that at most the sliding seal 10 for the shaft 34 of the drive motor 6 must be present in the bottom 31 of the pressure vessel 3, which in this embodiment is expediently firmly connected to the bottom of the mixing vessel bottom 28 in this embodiment.
  • FIG. 8 shows a further embodiment of the pressure-resistant mixer, in which the still relatively large sliding seal 9 on the outlet ring 25 (see FIG. 2) can also be omitted.
  • the closure cover 8 of the mixing container 1 in addition to the closure cover 8 of the mixing container 1, there is also a pressure closure cover 40 for the passage opening 18 of the pressure container 3.
  • the closure cover 8 can be moved relative to it in the direction of the axis of symmetry of the concentric covers 8, 40 by a hydraulic or pneumatic drive on the closure cover mechanism 21 or on the pressure closure cover 40. In the open state, the two covers 8, 40 essentially rest on one another. After closing the pressure closure lid 40 with the aid of the closure lid mechanism 21, the closure lid 8 is then pressed into the emptying opening 20 of the mixing container 1 with the aid of the additional drive 41.
  • the cover 8 is rotatably mounted on the additional drive.
  • the pressure-tight seal of the drain or Passage opening 20 or 18 is, however, provided by a stationary seal at the edge of the pressure closure cover 40.
  • the use of the relatively large sliding seal 9 can thus be avoided even in the case of non-flowable mixed materials. If the drive motors 6 and 22 for the mixing container 1 and the mixing tools 17 are also arranged in the pressure vessel 3, such a pressure-resistant mixer can be operated completely without sliding seals and thus meet particularly high tightness requirements.

Abstract

Described is a pressure-resistant mixer with a feed opening (15), a rotating mixing container (1) with a drainage device (20) and with mixing tools (17) arranged eccentrically to the axis of the mixing container axis (35) inside the mixing container (1), and with drive motors (6, 22) and drive devices (33, 34) for driving the mixing devices (17) and/or the mixing container (1). In order, on the one hand, to avoid sliding seals in contact with the materials being mixed, and, on the other, to avoid having to use extremely large size seals, is proposed in accordance with the invention to position the mixing container (1) inside a stationary pressure vessel (3).

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen druckfesten Mischer mit einer Einfüllöffnung, einem drehbaren, eine Entleerungseinrichtung aufweisenden Mischbehälter, mit Mischwerkzeugen im Inneren des Mischbehälters und mit Antriebsmotoren und Abtriebsmitteln zum Antrieb der Mischwerkzeuge und/oder des Mischbehälters, wobei um den Mischbehälter herum ein stationärer Druckbehälter angeordnet ist.The invention relates to a pressure-resistant mixer with a filling opening, a rotatable mixing container having an emptying device, with mixing tools inside the mixing container and with drive motors and drive means for driving the mixing tools and / or the mixing container, a stationary pressure container being arranged around the mixing container.

Ein derartiger Mischer ist aus der US-PS 3,718,069 bekannt.Such a mixer is known from US Pat. No. 3,718,069.

Für eine Vielzahl von Aufgaben im Bereich der Verfahrenstechnik ist die Aufbereitung von Materialien unter Druck oder Vakuum notwendig oder vorteilhaft. Absaugen von Lösungsmitteln, blasenfreies Aufbereiten von Lacken, Mischen und Kneten explosiver Massen unter Schutzgas sind Beispiele für solche Aufgaben.The preparation of materials under pressure or vacuum is necessary or advantageous for a large number of tasks in the field of process engineering. Suction of solvents, bubble-free preparation of paints, mixing and kneading of explosive masses under protective gas are examples of such tasks.

Bei vielen bekannten Vorrichtungen werden für solche Mischaufgaben (unter diesem Begriff sind auch Kneten, Agglomerieren, Reiben, Rühren, Plastifizieren usw. zu verstehen) vorwiegend Maschinen mit stationären Mischgutbehältern eingesetzt.In many known devices, machines with stationary mix containers are predominantly used for such mixing tasks (this term also includes kneading, agglomerating, rubbing, stirring, plasticizing, etc.).

Es handelt sich hierbei vorwiegend um zylindrische Mischgutbehälter in stehender oder liegender Anordnung mit zentrischen oder planetenartig umlaufenden Mischwerkzeugwellen.These are predominantly cylindrical mix containers in a standing or lying arrangement with centric or planetary mixing tool shafts.

Nachteilig ist bei diesen Maschinen, daß die Dichtungen zwischen dem Druckbehälter, der gleichzeitig den Mischbehälter bildet, und den hineinragenden Mischwerkzeugwellen im mischgutbeaufschlagten Bereich liegen. Diese Dichtungen sind damit einem starken verschleiß, Verschmutzung, und auch chemischen Angriffen ausgesetzt. Dies führt häufig zu aufwendigen Wartungsarbeiten im Bereich der Dichtungen mit entsprechend langen Stillstandszeiten der Maschine.A disadvantage of these machines is that the seals between the pressure vessel, which simultaneously forms the mixing vessel, and the projecting mixing tool shafts lie in the area exposed to the mixture. These seals are therefore subject to heavy wear, contamination and chemical attacks. This often leads to extensive maintenance work in the area of the seals with correspondingly long machine downtimes.

Weiterhin sind auch unter Druck oder Vakuum arbeitende Mischer bekannt, deren Behälter um eine horizontale oder geneigte Achse rotieren. Diese Maschinen haben in der Regel keine Mischwerkzeuge, sondern arbeiten nach dem Prinzip des freien Falles. Die Aufbereitung von schwerfließenden und klebrigen Mischgütern ist in solchen Maschinen nicht möglich, da der Einbau von Abstreifern zur Reinigung der Behälterwände nicht möglich ist. Ein Weiterer Nachteil dieser Maschinen besteht darin, daß sie zum Beschicken und Entleeren jeweils angehalten werden müssen, wobei die Beschickungs- und die Entleeröffnung jeweils an die entsprechenden Anschlußgeräte angeflanscht werden müssen. Außerdem können an derartigen Mischern Anschlußleitungen zur Aufrechterhaltung eines Unter- bzw. Überdruckes nur konzentrisch an der Antriebswelle angebracht werden, wodurch wiederum mischgutbeaufschlagte Gleitdichtungen erforderlich sind.Mixers operating under pressure or vacuum are also known, the containers of which rotate about a horizontal or inclined axis. These machines usually have no mixing tools, but work on the principle of free fall. The processing of difficult-flowing and sticky mixes is not possible in such machines because the installation of scrapers to clean the container walls is not possible. Another disadvantage of these machines is that they have to be stopped each time for loading and emptying, the loading and emptying openings each having to be flanged to the corresponding connecting devices. In addition, connecting lines for maintaining a negative or positive pressure can only be attached concentrically to the drive shaft on such mixers, which in turn requires sliding seals subjected to the mixing material.

Den meisten bisherigen Mischerkonstruktionen für Druck- oder Vakuumbetrieb haftet der Nachteil an, daß das Anbringen von Verschleiß- bzw. Schutzbelägen im Inneren des Mischbehälters durch Schrauben nur schwer möglich ist. Das druckfeste Abdichten einer Vielzahl von durchgehenden Schraubenlöchern ist äußerst aufwendig und nicht betriebssicher. Das Anbringen von Gewindesacklöchern ist ebenfalls aufwendig, zudem sind derartige Gewindesacklöcher sehr schmutzempfindlich.Most previous mixer designs for pressure or vacuum operation have the disadvantage that the application of wear or protective coverings inside the mixing container by screws is difficult. The pressure-tight sealing of a large number of through screw holes is extremely complex and not reliable. The installation of threaded blind holes is also complex, and such threaded blind holes are also very sensitive to dirt.

Bei der Befestigung von Verschleißbelägen mittels Schweißen wird dagegen das Austauschen der Beläge sehr erschwert.When fastening wear pads by welding, however, the replacement of the pads is very difficult.

Aus der DE-PS 24 28 414 ist ein Kneter bekannt, bei dem ein Mischgutbehälter dreiseitig durch einen Druckbehälter umgeben ist. Die beiden Stirnseiten und die Oberseite sind jedoch gleichzeitig Mischbehälter- und Druckbehälterwandungen.From DE-PS 24 28 414 a kneader is known in which a mix container is surrounded on three sides by a pressure vessel. However, the two end faces and the upper side are mixing vessel and pressure vessel walls at the same time.

Die oben genannten Probleme mit der Befestigung der Verschleißbeläge treten bei dieser Maschine an den Stirnseiten ebenfalls auf.The problems mentioned above with the attachment of the wear pads also occur on the front sides of this machine.

Außerdem ist bei dieser Maschine die Zugänglichkeit zum Mischbehälter durch den Druckbehälter besonders im unteren Bereich, der ja gerade am stärksten dem Verschleiß ausgesetzt ist, sehr schlecht.In addition, with this machine, the access to the mixing tank through the pressure tank is very poor, particularly in the lower area, which is most exposed to wear.

Durch den stillstehenden, asymmetrischen Behälter kann dieser nicht allseitig durch Mischwerkzeuge oder Abstreifer bestrichen werden, so daß die Mischung klebriger Produkte problematisch ist.Due to the stationary, asymmetrical container, this cannot be coated on all sides by mixing tools or scrapers, so that the mixing of sticky products is problematic.

Darüberhinaus liegen die druckbeaufschlagten Dichtungen der Werkzeuglagerungen sämtlich im Mischgutbereich.In addition, the pressurized seals of the tool bearings are all in the mix area.

Schließlich ist der Mischgutaustrag über eine Förderschnecke für schwer fließende oder grobkörnige Mischgüter ungeeignet.Finally, the discharge of the mixed material via a screw conveyor is unsuitable for poorly flowing or coarse-grained mixed materials.

Eine Reihe von Mischaufgaben ist besonders gut mit sogenannten Intensivmischern zu lösen, die einen um eine vertikale oder leicht geneigte Achse rotierenden Mischteller (Mischbehälter) mit darin exzentrisch angeordneten Mischwerkzeugen aufweisen. Solche Maschinen haben sich insbesondere bei der Mischung schwer fließender, pastöser und plastischer Massen bewährt. Es war bisher nicht möglich, dieses besonders wirkungsvolle Mischsystem für Druck- oder Vakuumbetrieb auszulegen, da die hierbei erforderlichen Gleitdichtungen extrem groß und darüberhinaus auch schädlichen Mischguteinflüssen ausgesetzt gewesen wären.A number of mixing tasks can be solved particularly well with so-called intensive mixers, which have a mixing plate (mixing container) rotating about a vertical or slightly inclined axis with mixing tools arranged eccentrically therein. Such machines have proven themselves particularly when mixing difficult-flowing, pasty and plastic masses. So far it has not been possible to do this to design a particularly effective mixing system for pressure or vacuum operation, since the slide seals required would be extremely large and, moreover, would have been exposed to harmful mix influences.

Auch bei der aus der US-A- 3,718,069 bekannten Vorrichtung sind die Dichtungen nicht immer vor der Beaufschlagung mit Mischmaterial geschützt, wenn der sich drehende Mischbehälter oben offen ist und das Mischgut entweichen kann.Also in the device known from US-A-3,718,069, the seals are not always protected against exposure to mixed material if the rotating mixing container is open at the top and the mixed material can escape.

Diese Vorrichtung weist darüber hinaus den Nachteil auf, daß die Mischwerkzeuge konzentrisch zur Drehachse des Mischbehälters angeordnet sind, so daß sich die Mischwirkung weniger effektiv ist als bei exzentrisch angeordneten Mischwerkzeugen. Über eine geeignete Möglichkeit der Entnahme der fertigen Mischung aus dem Mischbehälter ist in dieser Druckschrift nichts ausgesagt. Aus der DE-A-10 74 371 ist ein Intensivmischer mit direkter zentrischer Entleerungsmöglichkeit bekannt.This device also has the disadvantage that the mixing tools are arranged concentrically to the axis of rotation of the mixing container, so that the mixing effect is less effective than with eccentrically arranged mixing tools. Nothing is said in this document about a suitable possibility of removing the finished mixture from the mixing container. DE-A-10 74 371 discloses an intensive mixer with a direct centric emptying option.

Gegenüber diesem Stand der Technik besteht die zu lösende technische Aufgabe für die vorliegende Erfindung darin, einen druckfesten Mischer herzustellen, dessen druckfeste Gleitdichtungen einerseits nicht mit Mischgut beaufschlagt sind und welche andererseits auch ohne die Verwendung extrem großer druckfester Gleitdichtungen nach dem Prinzip der Intensivmischer arbeiten kann und dennoch eine einfache, direkte Entnahmemöglichkeit für das fertige Mischgut aufweist.Compared to this prior art, the technical problem to be solved for the present invention is to produce a pressure-resistant mixer, the pressure-resistant sliding seals of which, on the one hand, are not exposed to the mix and which, on the other hand, can work according to the principle of the intensive mixer even without the use of extremely large pressure-resistant sliding seals nevertheless has a simple, direct removal option for the finished mix.

Diese Aufgabe wird dadurch gelöst, daß die Mischwerkzeuge im Inneren des Mischbehälters exzentrisch zur Mischbehälterachse angeordnet sind, daß sich am Boden des Druckbehälters konzentrisch zur Achse des Mischbehälters und einer Entleeröffnung am Boden des Mischbehälters eine Durchtrittsöffnung befindet, die durch einen am Rand der Entleeröffnung angebrachten Auslaufring gebildet wird, der an seiner Außenseite über eine Gleitdichtung mit einem konzentrisch durch Durchtrittsöffnung verlaufenden Dichtungsrand am Boden des Druckbehälters verbunden ist und daß am Ende des Druckbehälters über der Wand des Mischbehälters und/oder am oberen Rand desselben eine gegen Mischgut dichte Gleitdichtung angebracht ist.This object is achieved in that the mixing tools are arranged eccentrically to the axis of the mixing container in the interior of the mixing container, that there is a passage opening at the bottom of the pressure container concentric with the axis of the mixing container and an emptying opening at the bottom of the mixing container, which opening is provided by an outlet ring attached to the edge of the emptying opening is formed, which is connected on its outside via a sliding seal to a sealing edge running concentrically through the passage opening at the bottom of the pressure vessel and that at the end of the pressure vessel over the wall of the mixing container and / or at the upper edge thereof, a sliding seal that is sealed against the mix is attached.

Diese Trennung von Druckbehälter und Mischbehälter erlaubt das Anbringen von Gleitdichtungen in Bereichen, die nicht mit dem Mischgut in Berührung kommen. Weiterhin ist es möglich, einen Intensivmischer im Inneren eines Druckbehälters anzuordnen, wobei die zu verwendenden Gleitdichtungen in ihrer Größe nicht durch die exzentrische Anordnung der Mischwerkzeuge festgelegt werden, sondern lediglich durch den Durchmesser der Antriebswelle für Mischwerkzeuge und Mischbehälter und durch den Durchmesser einer Entleeröffnung bestimmt sind.This separation of the pressure tank and the mixing tank allows the installation of sliding seals in areas that do not come into contact with the mix. It is also possible to arrange an intensive mixer in the interior of a pressure vessel, the size of the sliding seals to be used not being determined by the eccentric arrangement of the mixing tools, but only by the diameter of the drive shaft for mixing tools and mixing vessel and by the diameter of an emptying opening .

Da der Mischbehälter im Inneren des Druckbehälters angeordnet ist und da sich bei dieser Ausführungsform in der Bodenmitte des Mischbehälters eine Entleeröffnung mit einem Verschlußdeckel befindet, ist zweckmäßigerweise konzentrisch zu dieser Entleeröffnung im darunter befindlichen Boden des Druckbehälters eine Durchtrittsöffnung vorgesehen. Diese Durchtrittsöffnung dient zum einen dem Durchtritt des Verschlußdeckels der Entleeröffnung und zum anderen auch dem Durchtritt des aus der Entleeröffnung herausfließenden bzw. herausfallenden Mischgutes. Durchtritts- und Entleeröffnung sind durch einen Auslaufring miteinander verbunden, dessen oberer Rand zweckmäßigerweise dichtschließend und fest mit dem Rand der Entleeröffnung verbunden ist und dessen unterer Rand über eine außen an ihm anliegende Gleitdichtung mit dem Dichtungsrand der Durchtrittsöffnung des Druckbehälters verbunden ist. Die Durchtrittsöffnung wird somit durch den unteren Innenbereich des Auslaufringes gebildet.Since the mixing container is arranged inside the pressure container and because in this embodiment there is an emptying opening with a closure lid in the center of the bottom of the mixing container, a passage opening is expediently provided concentrically with this emptying opening in the bottom of the pressure container below. This passage opening serves on the one hand for the passage of the closure lid of the discharge opening and on the other hand also for the passage of the mixed material flowing out or falling out of the discharge opening. Passage and emptying opening are connected to each other by an outlet ring, the upper edge of which is expediently tightly and firmly connected to the edge of the emptying opening and the lower edge of which is connected to the sealing edge of the passage opening of the pressure vessel via an external sliding seal. The passage opening is thus formed by the lower inner region of the outlet ring.

Diese Anordnung der Öffnung hat den Vorteil, daß die Gleitdichtung zwischen Auslaufring und Dichtungsrand einen minimalen Durchmesser haben kann, wodurch der Anwender gegebenenfalls auf relativ preiswerte Dichtungen mit Standardmaßen zurückgreifen kann, die im einschlägigen Fachhandel erhältlich sind. Die Anordnung der Gleitdichtung hat wiederum den Vorteil, daß letztere nicht mit dem Mischgut in Berührung kommt.This arrangement of the opening has the advantage that the sliding seal between the outlet ring and the sealing edge can have a minimal diameter, which means that the user can, if necessary, fall back on relatively inexpensive seals with standard dimensions, which are available from relevant specialist dealers. The arrangement of the sliding seal has again the advantage that the latter does not come into contact with the mix.

Ein weiterer Vorteil liegt dabei auch darin, daß der Verschlußdeckel für die Entleeröffnung auf der Verschlußdeckelmechanik drehbar gelagert ist und im geschlossenen Zustand über eine stationäre Dichtung fest mit dem sich drehenden Mischbehälter verbunden ist. Stationäre Dichtungen sind aus wesentlich unempfindlicheren und robusteren Materialien herstellbar als Gleitdichtungen und können darüberhinaus auch fest an die Dichtflächen angepreßt werden, so daß ihre Beaufschlagung mit Mischgut ohne weiteres in Kauf genommen werden kann, da ohne Relativbewegung zwischen Verschlußdeckel und Öffnungsrand kein Verschleiß an der Dichtung auftritt.Another advantage is that the closure lid for the discharge opening is rotatably mounted on the closure lid mechanism and is firmly connected to the rotating mixing container via a stationary seal in the closed state. Stationary seals can be made from much less sensitive and robust materials than sliding seals and can also be pressed firmly against the sealing surfaces, so that their loading with mixed material can be easily accepted, since there is no wear on the seal without relative movement between the sealing cover and the opening edge .

Nach der Erfindung ist am Deckel des Druckbehälters über der Wand des Mischbehälters und/oder am oberen Rand desselben eine gegen Mischgut dichte Gleitdichtung angebracht. Eine derartige Dichtung hat den Vorteil, daß durch die Mischwerkzeuge aufgewirbeltes Mischgut (Staub, Sand, etc.) nicht in den Bereich des Druckbehälters außerhalb des Mischbehälters gelangt, wo sich die empfindlicheren druckfesten Gleitdichtungen befinden.According to the invention, a sliding seal that is sealed against the mixture is attached to the cover of the pressure container above the wall of the mixing container and / or at the upper edge thereof. Such a seal has the advantage that mixed material (dust, sand, etc.) whirled up by the mixing tools does not reach the area of the pressure vessel outside the mixing vessel, where the more sensitive pressure-resistant sliding seals are located.

Die Lösung der obengenannten Aufgabe gelingt gemäß einer anderen Ausführungsform der Erfindung auch dadurch, daß an Stelle der vorgenannten Bodenöffnung durch den Deckel des Druckbehälters ein im wesentlichen senkrecht zur Deckelebene bewegbares und an seiner Außenseite gegen den Deckel abgedichtetes Saugrohr zur Entnahme von saugfähigem Mischgut angeordnet ist.According to another embodiment of the invention, the above-mentioned object is also achieved in that, instead of the aforementioned bottom opening through the cover of the pressure vessel, a suction pipe which can be moved essentially perpendicularly to the cover plane and is sealed on its outside against the cover is arranged for the removal of absorbent mix.

Auch bei dieser Ausführungsform können mischgutbeaufschlagte Gleitdichtungen vermieden werden, die notwendigen Gleitdichtungen können relativ klein gehalten werden und eine einfache Entnahme von saugfähigem Mischgut ist gewährleistet, wobei wegen der gleichfalls exzentrischen Anordnung der Mischwerkzeuge dennoch ein Arbeiten nach dem Prinzip der Intensivmischer möglich ist.In this embodiment, too, sliding seals exposed to the mix can be avoided, the necessary sliding seals can be kept relatively small and an easy removal of absorbent mixture is ensured, whereby Because of the likewise eccentric arrangement of the mixing tools, working according to the principle of the intensive mixer is still possible.

Vorteilhaft im Sinne einer einfachen und preiswerten Herstellungsweise ist es dabei, wenn erfindungsgemäß der Druckbehälter im wesentlichen ein zylindrischer Behälter mit Boden, Deckel und Wand und der Mischbehälter im wesentlichen ein zylindrischer Behälter mit Boden, Wand und ohne Deckel ist. Zylindrische Behälter lassen sich im allgemeinen recht leicht herstellen und sind zum anderen aufgrund ihrer geometrischen Form vor allem als Druckbehälter gut geeignet.In terms of a simple and inexpensive method of production, it is advantageous if, according to the invention, the pressure container is essentially a cylindrical container with a bottom, cover and wall and the mixing container is essentially a cylindrical container with a bottom, wall and without Cover is. Cylindrical containers are generally quite easy to manufacture and, on the other hand, are particularly suitable as pressure vessels due to their geometric shape.

Ebenso ist es zweckmäßig, wenn der Mischbehälter im Inneren des Druckbehälters drehbar gelagert ist. Auf diese Weise kann das Prinzip der Intensivmischer angewendet werden.It is also expedient if the mixing container is rotatably mounted inside the pressure container. In this way, the principle of the intensive mixer can be applied.

Gemäß der Erfindung ist es von Vorteil, wenn der Antriebsmotor des Mischbehälters außerhalb des Druckbehälters angeordnet und als Abtriebsmittel eine durch den Boden des Druckbehälters geführte, mit einer Gleitdichtung versehene Welle vorgesehen ist, an deren Ende im Inneren des Druckbehälters ein Ritzel angebracht ist, das mit einem Zahnrad am Boden des Mischbehälters kämmt.According to the invention, it is advantageous if the drive motor of the mixing container is arranged outside the pressure container and a shaft is provided as a driven means through the bottom of the pressure container and provided with a sliding seal, at the end of which a pinion is attached inside the pressure container, which is connected to a gear meshes at the bottom of the mixing container.

Auf diese Weise ist der Motor leicht zugänglich und einfach zu kühlen, und die erforderliche Gleitdichtung der Antriebswelle liegt außerhalb des Mischbehälters und ist somit nicht den Einflüssen des Mischgutes ausgesetzt.In this way, the motor is easily accessible and easy to cool, and the required sliding seal of the drive shaft lies outside the mixing container and is therefore not exposed to the influences of the mix.

Eine weitere, vorteilhafte Ausführungsform eines Mischers gemäß der Erfindung ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Antriebsmotor des Mischbehälters außerhalb des Druckbehälters angeordnet und daß als Abtriebsmittel eine durch eine elastische Manschette am Boden des Druckbehälters geführte, mit einer Gleitdichtung versehene Welle vorgesehen ist, an deren Ende im Inneren des Druckbehälters ein Reibrad angebracht ist, das an einem Antriebsring des Mischbehälters anliegt.A further advantageous embodiment of a mixer according to the invention is characterized in that the drive motor of the mixing container is arranged outside the pressure container and that a shaft which is guided by an elastic sleeve on the bottom of the pressure container and is provided with a sliding seal is provided as the output means, at the end of which Inside the pressure vessel, a friction wheel is attached, which abuts a drive ring of the mixing vessel.

Der Antrieb von Mischbehältern mittels Reibrad hat sich als besonders wartungs- und geräuscharm bewährt. Durch die Flexibilität des Reibrades wird jedoch auch die elastische Lagerung des Antriebsmotors und der Antriebswelle erforderlich. Zum Ausgleich der bezüglich der Mischbehälterachse radialen Bewegung der Motorwelle kann die Gleitdichtung der Welle bzw. ihrer Einfassung über eine Manschette, die z.B. aus einer Gummiplatte bestehen kann, mit dem Gehäuse des Druckbehälters verbunden werden. Eine derartige Manschette hat vorteilhafterweise gleichzeitig eine schall- und vibrationsdämpfende Wirkung.The drive of mixing containers by means of a friction wheel has proven to be particularly low-maintenance and quiet. The flexibility of the friction wheel also makes it elastic Bearing of the drive motor and the drive shaft required. To compensate for the radial movement of the motor shaft with respect to the mixing container axis, the sliding seal of the shaft or its surround can be connected to the housing of the pressure container via a sleeve, which can consist, for example, of a rubber plate. Such a cuff advantageously has a sound and vibration damping effect at the same time.

Ebenfalls vorteilhaft bei einem Mischer gemäß der Erfindung ist es, wenn der Antriebsmotor für die Mischwerkzeuge außerhalb des Druckbehälters an dessen Deckel oder Seitenwand oder am Maschinenrahmen angebracht und über eine durch den Deckel des Druckbehälters geführte und mit einer Gleitdichtung versehene Welle mit den Mischwerkzeugen im Inneren des Mischbehälters verbunden ist.It is also advantageous in a mixer according to the invention if the drive motor for the mixing tools is attached to the lid or side wall or on the machine frame outside the pressure vessel and via a shaft which is guided through the lid of the pressure vessel and provided with a sliding seal with the mixing tools inside the Mixing container is connected.

Auch in diesem Fall ist der Motor leicht zugänglich, und die Gleitdichtung für die Welle der Mischwerkzeuge kommt im allgemeinen, da sie am Deckel des Druckbehälters angeordnet ist, ebenfalls nicht mit dem Mischgut in Berührung. Im Fall von stark aufwirbelndem Mischgut kann die Welle vorteilhafterweise zusätzlich mit einem Schutzring unterhalb der Gleitdichtung versehen werden.In this case, too, the motor is easily accessible and the sliding seal for the shaft of the mixing tools generally does not come into contact with the material to be mixed, since it is arranged on the cover of the pressure vessel. In the case of material whirling up, the shaft can advantageously also be provided with a protective ring underneath the sliding seal.

Bei einer Ausführungsform des druckfesten Mischers für gut fließende Mischgüter ist es vorteilhaft, wenn durch den Deckel des Druckbehälters ein im wesentlichen senkrecht zur Deckelebene bewegbares und an seiner Außenseite gegen den Deckel abgedichtetes Saugrohr zur Entnahme von saugfähigem Mischgut angeordnet ist.In one embodiment of the pressure-resistant mixer for well-flowing mixes, it is advantageous if a suction pipe is arranged through the cover of the pressure vessel that is movable essentially perpendicular to the cover plane and sealed on the outside against the cover for the removal of absorbent mix.

Auf diese Weise kann die Entleeröffnung im Mischbehälterboden durch das Saugrohr ersetzt werden. Das Mischgut kann dann am Ende der Mischzeit durch eine Pumpe aus dem Mischer gesaugt werden. Der Verschlußdeckel und die dafür erforderlichen Antriebsteile werden bei dieser Lösung eingespart, und der Durchmesser der benötigten Gleitdichtungen wird auf den Durchmesser einer Antriebs- oder Lagerwelle für den Mischbehälter beschränkt, die in diesem Fall zweckmäßigerweise auch zentral angeordnet ist. Vorzugsweise ist das Saugrohr heb- und senkbar angeordnet, so das während des Mischvorganges, bei dem das Mischgut unter Umständen sehr zähflüssig sein kann, keine Störung der Mischgutzirkulation auftritt.In this way, the discharge opening in the bottom of the mixing container can be replaced by the suction pipe. The mix can then be pumped out of the mixer at the end of the mixing time be sucked. The closure cap and the drive parts required for this are saved in this solution, and the diameter of the required sliding seals is limited to the diameter of a drive or bearing shaft for the mixing container, which in this case is also expediently arranged centrally. The suction pipe is preferably arranged such that it can be raised and lowered so that there is no disruption of the mixture flow during the mixing process, during which the material to be mixed may be very viscous.

Die um das Saugrohr anliegende Dichtung kann z.B. eine Quetschverschraubung sein, die zum einen das Heben und Senken des Saugrohres ermöglicht und gleichzeitig als Feststelleinrichtung dient, mit Hilfe derer die jeweils gewünschte Höhe der Saugrohröffnung eingestellt wird. Der Fachmann kann hier die für den jeweiligen Zweck am besten geeignete Dichtung und/oder Feststelleinrichtung wählen.The seal around the intake manifold can e.g. be a compression fitting which on the one hand enables the suction pipe to be raised and lowered and at the same time serves as a locking device with the aid of which the desired height of the suction pipe opening is adjusted. The person skilled in the art can select the seal and / or locking device that is best suited for the respective purpose.

Im kontinuierlichen Betrieb kann die Unterkante des Saugrohres so eingestellt werden, daß der Abstand vom Mischbehälterboden der gewünschten Mischgutschichthöhe entspricht. Bei kontinuierlichem Betrieb entspricht dann der jeweilige Füllgrad auch gerade der durchschnittlichen Verweilzeit des Mischgutes.In continuous operation, the lower edge of the suction pipe can be adjusted so that the distance from the bottom of the mixing tank corresponds to the desired height of the mix. In the case of continuous operation, the respective degree of filling then corresponds precisely to the average residence time of the mixed material.

Sofern im Inneren des Druckbehälters Unterdruck herrscht, muß der Druck im Saugrohr selbstverständlich noch unter dem Restdruck des Druckbehälters liegen, damit eine Entnahme Überhaupt möglich ist. Gegebenenfalls kann der Druckbehälter während der Entnahme von Mischgut durch das Saugrohr auch kurzzeitig mit geringem Druck beaufschlagt werden, um so die Entnahme des Mischgutes zu beschleunigen.If there is negative pressure inside the pressure vessel, the pressure in the suction pipe must of course still be below the residual pressure of the pressure vessel so that removal is possible at all. If necessary, the pressure vessel can also be briefly pressurized with low pressure during the removal of the mix by the suction pipe in order to accelerate the removal of the mix.

Weiterhin sind am Deckel eines Druckbehälters gemäß der Erfindung über dem Mischbehälter zusätzlich zur Einfüllöffnung noch ein Vakuumflansch zum Anbringen einer Absaug- bzw. Vakuumpumpleitung und an der Zylinderwand oder am Deckel des Druckbehälters außerhalb der eben erwähnten Mischgutdichtung ein Druckflansch zum Anschluß einer Druckleitung angebracht. Derartig angebrachte Vakuum- und Druckflansche sind zum einen unabhängig von Einfüllvorgängen und zum anderen strömt auf diese Weise zugeführtes oder abgesaugtes Gas immer vom äußeren Bereich des Druckbehälters in den Mischbehälter hinein, so daß auf diese Weise ebenfalls vermieden wird, daß aufgewirbeltes Mischgut in den Außenbereich des Mischbehälters gelangt.Furthermore, a vacuum flange for attaching a suction or vacuum pump line is attached to the lid of a pressure vessel according to the invention above the mixing vessel and a pressure flange for connecting a pressure line to the cylinder wall or on the lid of the pressure vessel outside of the mix seal just mentioned. Such attached vacuum and pressure flanges are on the one hand independent of filling processes and on the other hand, gas supplied or extracted in this way always flows from the outer area of the pressure vessel into the mixing vessel, so that in this way it is also avoided that whirled up mix material in the outer area of the Mixing container arrives.

Ein weiteres Merkmal der Erfindung liegt darin, daß in der Wand des Druckbehälters durch Druckplatten verschließbare Öffnungen mit druckfesten Dichtungen und in der Wand des Mischbehälters auf gleicher Höhe durch Platten verschließbare Öffnungen mit gegen Mischgut dichten Dichtungen angebracht sind. Diese Öffnungen ermöglichen es, von außen an funktionswesentliche Teile des Mischers, wie z.B. die Mischwerkzeuge, zu gelangen oder beispielsweise den Mischbehälter von innen mit Verschleißbelägen auszukleiden. Dabei ist es weiterhin zweckmäßig und vorteilhaft, wenn die Schleißbeläge durch einfache Durchgangsbohrungen in der Wand und/oder im Boden des Mischbehälters befestigt sind, die einen einfachen und schnellen Austausch erlauben.Another feature of the invention is that in the wall of the pressure vessel openings can be closed by pressure plates with pressure-resistant seals and in the wall of the mixing container at the same height by plates are closable openings with seals sealed against mixed material. These openings make it possible to access functionally essential parts of the mixer, such as the mixing tools, from the outside or, for example, to line the mixing container from the inside with wear linings. It is also expedient and advantageous if the wear coverings are fastened by simple through-bores in the wall and / or in the bottom of the mixing container, which allow simple and quick replacement.

Für bestimmte Anwendungen ist es zweckmäßig, wenn bei einem Mischer nach der Erfindung am Deckel des Druckbehälters ein Kondensator zum Kondensieren von aus dem Mischgut abgepumpten Gasen angeordnet ist. Dabei kann es von Vorteil sein, wenn der Kondensator für den Rückfluß des Kondensats an seiner tiefsten Stelle mit dem Vakuumflansch oder einer anderen Öffnung des Deckels des Druckbehälters über dem Mischbehälter verbunden ist. So gibt es z.B. Mischvorgänge, bei denen aufgrund des Mischvorgangs physikalische oder chemische Reaktionen Wärmeenergie erzeugen und das Mischgut u.U. in unerwünschter Weise aufheizen. Eine derartige Erwärmung kann vermieden werden, indem z.B. ein teilweise gasförmiger Bestandteil des Mischgutes abgepumpt wird, wobei die durch das Abpumpen erzwungene weitere Verdampfung dieses Bestandteiles dem Mischgut die dafür erforderliche Verdampfungswärme entzieht. Da sich jedoch im allgemeinen die Zusammensetzung des Mischgutes nicht ändern soll, ist es vorteilhaft, wenn das abgepumpte Gas in einem Kondensator (Wärmetauscher) kondensiert und anschließend in flüssiger Form wieder dem Mischgut zugeführt wird.For certain applications, it is expedient if, in a mixer according to the invention, a condenser for condensing gases pumped out of the mixture is arranged on the cover of the pressure vessel. It can be advantageous if the condenser for the backflow of the condensate is connected at its lowest point to the vacuum flange or another opening in the lid of the pressure vessel above the mixing vessel. So there is e.g. Mixing processes in which physical or chemical reactions generate thermal energy due to the mixing process and the mix may heating up in an undesirable manner. Such heating can be avoided by e.g. a partially gaseous constituent of the mixed material is pumped out, the further evaporation of this constituent forced by the pumping removing the heat of evaporation required for this from the mixed material. However, since the composition of the mix should generally not change, it is advantageous if the pumped gas condenses in a condenser (heat exchanger) and is then fed back to the mix in liquid form.

In einer weiteren Ausführungsform eines druckfesten Mischers gemäß der Erfindung ist ebenfalls am Deckel des Druckbehälters ein Kondensator angeordnet, der an seiner tiefsten Stelle mit einem Ablauf, welcher außerhalb des Mischbehälters mündet, verbunden ist.In a further embodiment of a pressure-resistant mixer according to the invention, a condenser is also arranged on the cover of the pressure vessel, which at its lowest point is connected to an outlet which opens outside the mixing vessel.

Dies wäre z.B. dann zweckmäßig, wenn durch das Abpumpen ein Lösungsmittel aus dem Mischgut entfernt werden soll. Vorteilhafterweise ist dabei der Ablauf so angebracht, daß er nicht nur außerhalb des Mischbehälters sondern auch außerhalb des Druckbehälters mündet. Am Ablauf können die Lösungsmittel zurückgewonnen und in der nächsten Charge wieder verwendet werden.This would be useful, for example, if a pump is to be used to remove a solvent from the mix. Advantageously, the drain is attached so that it opens not only outside the mixing container but also outside the pressure container. At the end, the solvents can be recovered and used in the next batch.

Oberhalb des Mischgutes oder direkt in Kontakt mit diesem können am Deckel des Druckbehälters Druck- und/oder Temperaturmeßgeräte angeordnet sein, die mit einer Steuereinrichtung zum Einstellen eines bestimmten Druckes bzw. einer bestimmten Pumpleistung gekoppelt sind. Da Druck und Temperatur für gasförmige Systeme voneinander abhängig Variable sind, kann so in vorteilhafter Weise durch eine entsprechende Einstellung des Druckes eine Temperaturregelung vorgenommen werden.Pressure and / or temperature measuring devices, which are coupled to a control device for setting a specific pressure or a specific pump output, can be arranged on the cover of the pressure container above or directly in contact with the material to be mixed. Since pressure and temperature are dependent on one another for gaseous systems, temperature control can advantageously be carried out by appropriately adjusting the pressure.

Eine andere Möglichkeit zur Temperaturregelung des Mischgutes kann durch eine weitere Ausführungsform eines Druckmischers erfolgen, bei der Wand und Boden des Mischbehälters für den Durchfluß eines Kühl- und/oder Heizmittels hohl sind.Another possibility for regulating the temperature of the material to be mixed can be provided by a further embodiment of a pressure mixer in which the wall and bottom of the mixing container are hollow for the flow of a coolant and / or heating medium.

Erfindungsgemäß sind bei einem derartigen druckfesten Mischer am Boden des Druckbehälters neben der Durchtrittsöffnung Zuleitungen angeordnet, die durch den Dichtungsrand hindurchgeführt sind und in den Zwischenräumen von drei zwischen dem Dichtungsrand und dem Auslaufring in Abständen übereinanderliegenden Gleitdichtungen münden. Die für den Druckbetrieb erforderliche Dichtung um die Durchtrittsöffnung ist dabei also so ausgeführt, daß zwischen mehreren einzelnen Dichtringen mindestens zwei Kammern entstehen, die für die Zufuhr und/oder Abfuhr von Kühl- und/oder Heizmedien durch entsprechende Zuleitungen geeignet sind. Das Innere der Wand und des Bodens des Mischbehälters sind dabei über auf dem ganzen Rand des Auslaufringes angebrachte Bohrungen mit denselben Zwischenräumen der Gleitdichtungen verbunden, in denen die Zuleitungen münden.According to the invention, in the case of such a pressure-resistant mixer, feed lines are arranged on the bottom of the pressure container next to the passage opening, which are passed through the sealing edge and open in the interspaces of three sliding seals which are located one above the other at intervals between the sealing edge and the outlet ring. The seal required for the printing operation around the passage opening is thus designed so that at least two chambers are formed between several individual sealing rings, which are suitable for the supply and / or removal of cooling and / or heating media through appropriate supply lines. The inside of the wall and the bottom of the mixing container are connected to the same spaces of the sliding seals in which the feed lines open, by means of holes drilled on the entire edge of the outlet ring.

Zweckmäßigerweise ist das Innere des Bodens und der Wand des Mischbehälters noch durch eine weitere Trennwand in zwei Bereiche aufgeteilt, von denen einer mit dem Zulauf und der andere mit dem Ablauf der Heiz- oder Kühlflüssigkeit verbunden ist und die am oberen Rand der Mischbehälterwand miteinander verbunden sind. Auf diese Weise muß das zufließende Heiz- oder Kühlmittel an der gesamten Boden- und Wandfläche des Mischbehälters entlangfließen, bevor es in den Abfluß gelangt, so daß eine sehr effektive Heizung oder Kühlung erreicht wird. Eine derartige Heiz- bzw. Kühlmöglichkeit des Mischbehälters ist vor allem dann vorteilhaft, wenn das Mischgut kaum gasförmige Bestandteile enthält und eine Temperaturregulierung durch Einstellen des Gasdruckes nicht möglich ist.The interior of the bottom and the wall of the mixing container is expediently divided into two regions by a further partition, one of which is connected to the inlet and the other to the outlet of the heating or cooling liquid and which are connected to one another at the upper edge of the mixing container wall . In this way, the inflowing heating or cooling agent must flow along the entire bottom and wall surface of the mixing container before it flows into the drain, so that very effective heating or cooling is achieved. Such a heating or cooling possibility of the mixing container is particularly advantageous when the mix contains hardly any gaseous constituents and temperature regulation by adjusting the gas pressure is not possible.

Im Hinblick auf die vielseitige Verwendbarkeit des Mischers wählt man gemäß der Erfindung mit Vorteil derartige druckfeste Dichtungen aus, die sowohl gegen Überdruck als auch gegen Unterdruck dicht sind.With regard to the versatility of the mixer, according to the invention, it is advantageous to select pressure-resistant seals of this type which are sealed both against excess pressure and against negative pressure.

In einer weiteren besonderen Ausführungsform des druckfesten Mischers, bei der besonders hohe Anforderungen an die Dichtheit des Systems gestellt werden, ist zusätzlich zu dem Verschlußdeckel für den Mischbehälter ein weiterer Druckverschlußdeckel für den Druckbehälter vorhanden. Beide Deckel können auf demselben Schwenkarm befestigt sein. Während der Druckverschlußdeckel bereits durch die Schwenkbewegung der Verschlußdeckelmechanik in seine geschlossene Endlage gebracht wird, erfolgt das Schließen und das Anpressen des Verschlußdeckels für den Mischbehälter durch einen am Schwenkarm bzw. am Druckverschlußdeckel angebrachten Zusatzantrieb, z.B. Feder, Hydraulik- oder Pneumatikzylinder, Elektromotor etc. Dabei ist der Verschlußdeckel für den Mischbehälter auf dem Zusatzantrieb drehbar gelagert.In a further special embodiment of the pressure-resistant mixer, in which particularly high demands are placed on the tightness of the system, in addition to the sealing cover for the mixing container, a further pressure sealing cover for the pressure container is provided. Both covers can be attached to the same swivel arm. While the pressure cap is already brought into its closed end position by the pivoting movement of the cap mechanism, the closing and pressing of the cap for the mixing container takes place by means of an additional drive attached to the pivot arm or the pressure cap, e.g. spring, hydraulic or pneumatic cylinder, electric motor, etc. the cover for the mixing container is rotatably mounted on the additional drive.

Auf diese Weise kann man im Bereich des Auslaufringes ausschließlich mit stationären Dichtungen arbeiten und auf die bei sehr hohen Dichtigkeitsanforderungen problematische Gleitdichtungen verzichten.In this way, one can only work with stationary seals in the area of the outlet ring and dispense with the problematic sliding seals with very high tightness requirements.

Darüberhinaus kann diese Ausführungsform dahingehend erweitert werden, daß auch die Antriebsmotoren für den Mischbehälter und die Mischwerkzeuge im Inneren des Druckbehälters angeordnet sind, so daß auch die relativ kleinen Gleitdichtungen der Antriebswellen für den Mischbehälter und die Mischwerkzeuge entfallen können. Bei einer derartigen Ausführungsform des druckfesten Mischers können daher ausschließlich stationäre Dichtungen verwendet werden. Dies kann dann vorteilhaft oder sogar notwendig sein, wenn besonders große Differenzen gegenüber dem Atmosphärendruck vorliegen oder wenn im Inneren des Druckbehälters mit giftigen Gasen gearbeitet wird. Die druckdichte Zuführung von elektrischen Anschlüssen und Kühlmitteln für die Antriebsmotoren kann dabei auf konventionelle und bekannte Weise erfolgen.In addition, this embodiment can be expanded to the effect that the drive motors for the mixing container and the mixing tools are arranged inside the pressure container, so that the relatively small sliding seals of the drive shafts for the mixing container and the mixing tools can also be omitted. In such an embodiment of the pressure-resistant mixer, only stationary seals can therefore be used. This can be advantageous or even necessary if there are particularly large differences compared to atmospheric pressure or if toxic gases are used inside the pressure vessel. The pressure-tight supply of electrical connections and coolants for the drive motors can be carried out in a conventional and known manner.

Weitere Vorteile, Merkmale und Anwendungsmöglichkeiten der vorliegenden Erfindung ergeben sich aus der folgenden Beschreibung konkreter Ausführungsformen und der dazugehörigen Zeichnungen. Es zeigen:

  • Figur 1 einen Schnitt entlang einer vertikalen Ebene durch einen Druckmischer gemäß der Erfindung,
  • Figur 2 ein Schnittbild von einem Teil des Mischbehälterbodens mit Auslaufring und Druckbehälterboden,
  • Figur 3 den Schnitt durch einen Mischbehälter mit hohler Wand und die zugehörigen Dichtungen und Zuleitungen,
  • Figur 4 die Seitenansicht eines Druckmischers mit Kondensator und mit vertikaler Drehachse des Mischbehälters,
  • Figur 5 einen Mischbehälter mit Kondensator und geneigter Achse des Mischbehälters,
  • Figur 6 ein Schnittbild eines druckfesten Mischers mit Reibradantrieb für den Mischbehälter,
  • Figur 7 ein Schnittbild durch einen druckfesten Mischer mit einem Saugrohr als Entleereinrichtung und
  • Figur 8 ein Schnittbild eines druckfesten Mischers mit Verschlußdeckel und zusätzlichem Druckverschlußdeckel.
Further advantages, features and possible uses of the present invention result from the following description of specific embodiments and the associated drawings. Show it:
  • FIG. 1 shows a section along a vertical plane through a pressure mixer according to the invention,
  • FIG. 2 shows a sectional view of part of the mixing vessel base with outlet ring and pressure vessel base,
  • FIG. 3 shows the section through a mixing container with a hollow wall and the associated seals and feed lines,
  • FIG. 4 shows the side view of a pressure mixer with a condenser and with a vertical axis of rotation of the mixing container,
  • FIG. 5 shows a mixing container with a condenser and an inclined axis of the mixing container,
  • FIG. 6 shows a sectional view of a pressure-resistant mixer with a friction wheel drive for the mixing container,
  • Figure 7 is a sectional view through a pressure-resistant mixer with a suction pipe as an emptying device and
  • Figure 8 is a sectional view of a pressure-resistant mixer with a closure lid and additional pressure closure lid.

In Figur 1 ist der vertikale Schnitt durch einen Druckmischer gemäß der Erfindung mit vertikaler Drehachse des Mischbehälters 1 dargestellt. Auf einem Rahmen 14 ist der Druckbehälter 3 montiert. Im Inneren des Druckbehälters 3 ist der Mischbehälter 1 auf einem Kugellager 2 drehbar gelagert. Die Entleeröffnung 20 des Mischbehälters 1 ist durch einen Verschlußdeckel 8, der über eine stationäre Dichtung dicht schließend mit dem Mischbehälter 1 verbunden und auf der Verschlußdeckelmechanik 21 drehbar und schwenkbar gelagert ist, verschlossen.In Figure 1, the vertical section through a pressure mixer according to the invention with the vertical axis of rotation of the mixing container 1 is shown. The pressure vessel 3 is mounted on a frame 14. Inside the pressure vessel 3, the mixing vessel 1 is rotatably mounted on a ball bearing 2. The emptying opening 20 of the mixing container 1 is closed by a closure lid 8, which is connected to the mixing container 1 in a tightly sealing manner by means of a stationary seal and is rotatably and pivotably mounted on the closure lid mechanism 21.

Die Durchtrittsöffnung 18 des Druckbehälterbodens 31 ermöglicht zum einen den Einsatz des Verschlußdeckels 8 in die Entleeröffnung 20 und zum anderen den Durchtritt des Mischgutes bei geöffnetem Deckel 8 und nach beendigtem Mischvorgang. Die Entleer- und die Durchtrittsöffnung 20 und 18 werden gebildet vom Auslaufring 25, an dessen Außenseite die Gleitdichtung 9 die Verbindung zum Dichtungsrand 26 des Druckbehälterbodens 31 herstellt. Das Kugellager 2 ist umgeben von einem Zahnkranz 4, in den ein Ritzel 5 eingreift, das seinerseits über die mit einer Gleitdichtung 10 versehene Welle 34 des Motors 6 angetrieben wird und so die Drehung des Mischbehälters 1 bewirkt. Mit Hilfe des Antriebsmotors 22, der am Maschinenrahmen 14 befestigt ist, wird über Keilriemen die mit der Gleitdichtung 11 versehene Welle 33 für die Mischwerkzeuge 17 angetrieben. Die Welle ist unterhalb der Gleitdichtung 11 mit einem Schutzring 19 versehen, der zum Schutz der Gleitdichtung 11 vor aufgewirbeltem Mischgut dient.The passage opening 18 of the pressure vessel bottom 31 enables the closure cover 8 to be inserted into the emptying opening 20 and the mixture to pass through when the cover 8 is open and after the mixing process has ended. The emptying and the passage openings 20 and 18 are formed by the outlet ring 25, on the outside of which the sliding seal 9 establishes the connection to the sealing edge 26 of the pressure vessel base 31. The ball bearing 2 is surrounded by a ring gear 4, in which a pinion 5 engages, which in turn is driven by the shaft 34 of the motor 6 provided with a sliding seal 10 and thus causes the mixing container 1 to rotate. With the help of the drive motor 22, which is fastened to the machine frame 14, the one provided with the sliding seal 11 via V-belts Drive shaft 33 for the mixing tools 17. The shaft is provided below the sliding seal 11 with a protective ring 19, which serves to protect the sliding seal 11 from whirled up mix.

Eine am Deckel 27 des Druckbehälters 3 angebrachte Dichtung 16 liegt am oberen Rand des Mischbehälters 1 an und verhindert den Durchtritt von Mischgut aus dem Mischbehälter 1 in den den Mischbehälter 1 umgebenden Raum des Druckbehälters 3. Über dem Mischbehälter 1 befinden sich am Deckel 27 des Druckbehälters 3 die Einfüllöffnung 15 und der Absaugflansch 12. Der Druckflansch 13 ist ebenfalls am Deckel 27 des Druckbehälters 3 angeordnet, befindet sich jedoch außerhalb des von der Dichtung 16 beschriebenen Kreises. Auf diese Weise strömt durch den Druckflansch 13 eingeleitetes Gas zunächst in den den Mischbehälter umgebenden Raum des Druckbehälters und von dort durch die lediglich für Mischgut dichtschließende Dichtung 16 in den Mischbehälter 1 ein. Wird andererseits am Absaugflansch 12 dem Mischbehälter 1 Gas entzogen, so strömt das außerhalb des Mischbehälters 1 im Druckbehälter 3 befindliche Gas ebenfalls von außen durch die Dichtung 16 nach. Auf diese Weise wird verhindert, daß ein Gasstrom aus dem Mischbehälter 1 durch die Dichtung 16 in den umgebenden Raum des Druckbehälters 3 fließt, wobei unter Umständen Mischgut in diesen Bereich gelangen könnte.A seal 16 attached to the lid 27 of the pressure vessel 3 bears against the upper edge of the mixing vessel 1 and prevents the passage of mixed material from the mixing vessel 1 into the space of the pressure vessel 3 surrounding the mixing vessel 1. Above the mixing vessel 1 are located on the lid 27 of the pressure vessel 3, the filling opening 15 and the suction flange 12. The pressure flange 13 is likewise arranged on the cover 27 of the pressure container 3, but is located outside the circle described by the seal 16. In this way, gas introduced through the pressure flange 13 first flows into the space of the pressure container surrounding the mixing container and from there through the seal 16, which only seals tightly for mixed material, into the mixing container 1. If, on the other hand, gas is withdrawn from the mixing container 1 at the suction flange 12, the gas located outside the mixing container 1 in the pressure container 3 also flows from outside through the seal 16. In this way it is prevented that a gas flow from the mixing container 1 flows through the seal 16 into the surrounding space of the pressure container 3, whereby under certain circumstances mixed material could get into this area.

An der Seitenwand 36 des Druckbehälters 3 und des Mischbehälters 1 sind auf gleicher Höhe durch die Deckel 7 bzw. 7a verschlossene Öffnungen 37 bzw. 37a angebracht, durch die das Innere des Mischbehälters 1 zugänglich gemacht wird. Dies ermöglicht Wartungs- und Reparaturarbeiten beispielsweise an den Mischwerkzeugen 17 oder auch den Austausch von Verschleißbelägen 23, mit denen die Innenseite des Mischbehälters 1 ausgekleidet sein kann.On the side wall 36 of the pressure vessel 3 and the mixing vessel 1, openings 37 and 37a, through which the interior of the mixing vessel 1 is made accessible, are provided at the same height by the covers 7 and 7a. This enables maintenance and repair work, for example on the mixing tools 17, or also the replacement of wear linings 23 with which the inside of the mixing container 1 can be lined.

Die Figuren 2 und 3 zeigen Details der Lagerung des Mischbehälters 1 und der Abdichtung des Misch- bzw. Druckbehälters 1 bzw. 3 im Bereich der bodenseitigen Entleer- bzw. Durchtrittsöffnung 20 bzw. 18. Außerdem ist in Figur 2 durch mehrere horizontale Linien ein Verschleißbelag 23 dargestellt. Man erkennt in Figur 2 im Querschnitt das Kugellager 2 mit dem das Kugellager 2 umgebenden Zahnkranz 4. Am Boden des Mischbehälters 1 werden die Entleeröffnung 20 und die Durchtrittsöffnung 18 von einem Auslaufring 25 umschlossen, der fest mit dem Boden des Mischbehälters 1 verbunden ist. Zwischen der Außenseite des Auslaufringes 25 und dem Dichtungsrand 26 des Druckbehälters 3 befindet sich die Gleitdichtung 9, die das Innere des Druckbehälters 3 und des damit verbundenen Mischbehälters 1 gegen die Umgebung abdichtet, wobei der Mischbehälter 1 mit dem Auslaufring 25 gegenüber dem Druckbehälter 3 mit dem Dichtungsrand 26 entlang der Gleitdichtung 9 drehbar ist. Der Durchmesser des Auslaufringes 25 und des Dichtungsrandes 26 ist dabei so gewählt, daß die Gleitdichtung 9 eine Dichtung in handelsüblicher Form und Größe sein kann.FIGS. 2 and 3 show details of the mounting of the mixing container 1 and the sealing of the mixing or pressure container 1 or 3 in the region of the bottom-side emptying or passage opening 20 or 18. In addition, in FIG. 2 there is a wear layer with several horizontal lines 23 shown. 2 shows in cross section the ball bearing 2 with the ring gear 4 surrounding the ball bearing 2. At the bottom of the mixing container 1, the emptying opening 20 and the passage opening 18 are enclosed by an outlet ring 25 which is firmly connected to the bottom of the mixing container 1. Between the outside of the outlet ring 25 and the sealing edge 26 of the pressure vessel 3 is the sliding seal 9, which seals the inside of the pressure vessel 3 and the associated mixing vessel 1 against the environment, the mixing vessel 1 with the outlet ring 25 opposite the pressure vessel 3 with the Sealing edge 26 is rotatable along the sliding seal 9. The diameter of the outlet ring 25 and the sealing edge 26 is chosen so that the sliding seal 9 can be a seal in a commercially available shape and size.

Die Figur 3 zeigt zusätzlich zu dem in Figur 2 dargestellten Ausschnitt eine andere Form einer Mischbehälterwand3 die in diesem Fall als Hohlwand ausgebildet ist und von einem Kühl- oder Heizmittel durchflossen wird. Zu diesem Zweck sind Zuleitungen 24 auf konventionelle Weise druckdicht durch den Boden 31 des Druckbehälters 3 in den Dichtungsrand 26 eingelassen und münden dort in den zwischenräumen dreier übereinander angeordneter, ringförmiger Gleitdichtungen 9. Der Auslaufring 18 ist auf seinem ganzen Umfang mit Bohrungen versehen, die ihrerseits die Verbindung von diesen Zwischenräumen zum Inneren der Mischbehälterwand 31 herstellen. Eine Trennwand teilt das Innere der Mischbehälterwand 31 in zwei am oberen Rand des Mischbehälters 1 verbundene Teilräume, von denen einer mit dem Zulauf und der andere mit dem Ablauf der Heiz- bzw. Kühlmittelzuleitungen 24 verbunden ist. Auf diese Weise erreicht man einen effektiven Wärmeaustausch auf der gesamten Mischbehälterwand 31.In addition to the detail shown in FIG. 2, FIG. 3 shows another form of a mixing container wall 3, which in this case is designed as a hollow wall and through which a coolant or heating medium flows. For this purpose, supply lines 24 are inserted in a conventional manner in a pressure-tight manner through the bottom 31 of the pressure vessel 3 into the sealing edge 26 and open there in the interspaces of three annular sliding seals 9 arranged one above the other establish the connection from these spaces to the interior of the mixing container wall 31. A partition divides the interior of the mixing container wall 31 into two subspaces connected at the upper edge of the mixing container 1, one of which is connected to the inlet and the other to the outlet of the heating or coolant supply lines 24 is connected. In this way, an effective heat exchange is achieved on the entire mixing container wall 31.

Die Figuren 4 und 5 zeigen zwei Ausführungsformen eines druckfesten Mischers gemäß der Erfindung in der Seitenansicht Bei dem in Fig. 4 dargestellten druckfesten Mischer steht die Drehachse des Mischbehälters 1 vertikal, in Figur 5 ist diese Achse etwas geneigt. In beiden Figuren erkennt man im Umriß einige der bereits bei der Beschreibung der Figur 1 erwähnten Komponenten, nämlich den Maschinenrahmen 14, den Antriebsmotor 22, und den Druckbehälter 3 mit Einfüllöffnung 15, Vakuumflansch 12, Druckflansch 13 und dar durch die Druckplatte 7 verschlossenen seitlichen Wandöffnung. Zusätzlich ist auf dem Deckel 27 des Druckbehälters 3 noch ein Kondensator 29 angebracht, der an seinem unteren Ende mit dem Vakuumflansch 12 verbunden ist. Das durch den Vakuumflansch 12 abgesaugte Gas kondensiert in einem Wärmetauscher des Kondensators 29 und kann anschließend durch dieselbe Öffnung in flüssiger Form wieder dem Mischgut zugeführt werden. In Figur 4 ist der Vakuumflansch 12 größer dargestellt als die Einfüllöffnung 15 und der Druckflansch 13. In Figur 5 ist ausschließlich die Vakuumöffnung 12 dargestellt.Figures 4 and 5 show two embodiments of a pressure-resistant mixer according to the invention in side view. In the pressure-resistant mixer shown in Fig. 4, the axis of rotation of the mixing container 1 is vertical, in Figure 5 this axis is slightly inclined. In both figures you can see in outline some of the components already mentioned in the description of Figure 1, namely the machine frame 14, the drive motor 22, and the pressure vessel 3 with filler opening 15, vacuum flange 12, pressure flange 13 and the side wall opening closed by the pressure plate 7 . In addition, a condenser 29 is attached to the cover 27 of the pressure vessel 3 and is connected at its lower end to the vacuum flange 12. The gas drawn off by the vacuum flange 12 condenses in a heat exchanger of the condenser 29 and can then be fed back to the mixture in liquid form through the same opening. In Figure 4, the vacuum flange 12 is shown larger than the fill opening 15 and the pressure flange 13. In Figure 5, only the vacuum opening 12 is shown.

Bevor das Kondensat durch den Vakuumflansch 12 in das Innere des Mischbehälters 1 zurückfließt, kann es im unteren Bereich des Kondensators 29 vor einem Auffangblech 39 aufgestaut werden und bei Bedarf nach dem Öffnen des Ventils 32 durch den Ablauf 36 abfließen. Diese Möglichkeit wird man dann wählen, wenn beispielsweise aus dem Mischgut Lösungsmittel entfernt werden und nicht wieder in das Mischgut zurückfließen sollen. Das durch den Ablauf 36 abfließende Lösungsmittel kann dann außerhalb des Mischbehälters 1, vorzugsweise auch außerhalb des Druckbehälters 3, aufgefangen und beispielsweise für die nächste Charge wieder verwendet werden.Before the condensate flows back through the vacuum flange 12 into the interior of the mixing container 1, it can be dammed up in the lower region of the condenser 29 in front of a collecting plate 39 and, if necessary, can flow through the outlet 36 after opening the valve 32. This option will be chosen if, for example, solvents are removed from the mix and should not flow back into the mix. The solvent flowing off through the outlet 36 can then be collected outside the mixing container 1, preferably also outside the pressure container 3 and can be used again for the next batch, for example.

Der vergrößerte Ausschnitt in Figur 5 deutet an, wie einerseits eine gasförmige Substanz durch ein Ansatzrohr auf dem Vakuumflansch 12 in den Kondensator hineingepumpt wird, während gleichzeitig durch dieselbe Öffnung das abgekühlte und wieder kondensierte Gas als Flüssigkeit in den Mischbehälter 1 zurückfließt.The enlarged section in FIG. 5 indicates how, on the one hand, a gaseous substance is pumped into the condenser through an attachment pipe on the vacuum flange 12, while at the same time the cooled and again condensed gas flows back into the mixing container 1 as a liquid through the same opening.

Die Figur 6 stellt einen druckfesten Mischer dar, bei dem der Mischbehälter 1 über ein Reibrad 5a vom Antriebsmotor 6 angetrieben wird. Die Gleitdichtung 10 bzw. die zugehörige äußere Fassung der Gleitdichtung 10 ist über eine elastische Manschette 10a druckdicht mit einer entsprechenden Öffnung im Boden 31 des Druckbehälters 3 verbunden. Auf diese Weise hat die Welle 34 des Antriebsmotors 6 genügend spiel, um sich den bezüglich der Mischbehälterachse 35 radialen Bewegungen des Reibrades 5a auf dem Antriebsring 4a anzupassen, ohne dabei die Gleitdichtung 10 mechanisch zu belasten, was ansonsten zu Undichtigkeiten führen könnte.FIG. 6 shows a pressure-resistant mixer in which the mixing container 1 is driven by the drive motor 6 via a friction wheel 5a. The sliding seal 10 or the associated outer frame of the sliding seal 10 is connected in a pressure-tight manner to an appropriate opening in the bottom 31 of the pressure container 3 via an elastic sleeve 10a. In this way, the shaft 34 of the drive motor 6 has enough play to adapt to the radial movements of the friction wheel 5a on the drive ring 4a with respect to the mixing container axis 35 without mechanically stressing the sliding seal 10, which could otherwise lead to leaks.

Figur 7 zeigt einen druckfesten Mischer in einer Ausführungsform, bei der sich im Boden 28 des Mischbehälters 1 keine Entleeröffnung 20 befindet sondern bei der stattdessen am Deckel 27 ein in vertikaler Richtung bewegbares Saugrohr 38 angebracht ist, durch das fließfähiges Mischgut aus dem Mischbehälter 1 abgesaugt werden kann. Das Saugrohr 38 ist dabei über eine hier nicht sichtbare Dichtung mit einem Flansch 42 des Deckels 27 des Druckbehälters 3 verbunden und kann in vertikaler Richtung auf und ab bewegt werden, so daß das Ende des Saugrohres 38 sich je nach Bedarf entweder oberhalb des Mischgutes befindet oder in dieses eintaucht. Die Möglichkeit, das Saugrohr 38 aus dem Mischgut herauszuziehen, kann insofern von Vorteil sein, als das Mischgut während des Mischvorganges u.U. eine sehr zähe Konsistenz haben kann oder auch teilweise Feststoffe von sehr grober Struktur aufweist. Ein in das Mischgut eingetauchtes Saugrohr 38 wäre dann unnötigen mechanischen Belastungen ausgesetzt und würde überdies die Mischgutzirkulation stören.FIG. 7 shows a pressure-resistant mixer in an embodiment in which there is no emptying opening 20 in the bottom 28 of the mixing container 1, but instead a suction tube 38, which can be moved in the vertical direction and is attached to the cover 27, through which flowable mixed material is sucked out of the mixing container 1 can. The suction pipe 38 is connected to a flange 42 of the cover 27 of the pressure vessel 3 via a seal (not visible here) and can be moved up and down in the vertical direction, so that the end of the suction pipe 38 is either above the mixture or as required immersed in this. The ability to pull the suction pipe 38 out of the mix can be advantageous in this respect be when the mix may have a very viscous consistency during the mixing process or may even have some solids with a very rough structure. A suction pipe 38 immersed in the material to be mixed would then be subjected to unnecessary mechanical loads and would also disrupt the circulation of the material to be mixed.

Weiterhin hat ein derartiges Saugrohr den Vorteil, daß am Boden 28 des Mischbehälters 1 keine Entleeröffnung 20 und am Boden 31 des Druckbehälters 3 keine Durchtrittsöffnung 18 für das Mischgut vorhanden zu sein brauchen. Die relativ große Gleitdichtung 9 kann damit ebenfalls entfallen, so daß im Boden 31 des Druckbehälters 3 allenfalls die Gleitdichtung 10 für die Welle 34 des Antriebsmotors 6 vorhanden sein muß, die bei dieser Ausführungsform zweckmäßigerweise in der Mitte des Mischbehälterbodens 28 fest mit diesem verbunden ist.Furthermore, such a suction pipe has the advantage that there is no need for an emptying opening 20 on the bottom 28 of the mixing container 1 and no through opening 18 for the mixing material on the bottom 31 of the pressure container 3. The relatively large sliding seal 9 can thus also be omitted, so that at most the sliding seal 10 for the shaft 34 of the drive motor 6 must be present in the bottom 31 of the pressure vessel 3, which in this embodiment is expediently firmly connected to the bottom of the mixing vessel bottom 28 in this embodiment.

Die Figur 8 zeigt schließlich eine weitere Ausführungsform des druckfesten Mischers, bei der ebenfalls die noch relativ große Gleitdichtung 9 am Auslaufring 25 (siehe Figur 2) entfallen kann. Bei dieser Ausführungsform ist zusätzlich zum Verschlußdeckel 8 des Mischbehälters 1 noch ein Druckverschlußdeckel 40 für die Durchtrittsöffnung 18 des Druckbehälters 3 vorhanden. Der Verschlußdeckel 8 ist dabei durch einen beispielsweise hydraulischen oder pneumatischen Antrieb an der Verschlußdeckelmechanik 21 bzw. am Druckverschlußdeckel 40 relativ zu diesem in Richtung der Symmetrieachse der konzentrischen Deckel 8, 40 bewegbar. In geöffnetem Zustand liegen beide Deckel 8, 40 im wesentlichen aufeinander auf. Nach dem Schließen des Druckverschlußdeckels 40 mit Hilfe der Verschlußdeckelmechanik 21 wird dann der Verschlußdeckel 8 mit Hilfe des Zusatzantriebes 41 in die Entleeröffnung 20 des Mischbehälters 1 eingepreßt. Dabei ist der Verschlußdeckel 8 auf dem Zusatzantrieb drehbar gelagert. Die druckfeste Abdichtung der Entleerbzw. Durchtrittsöffnung 20 bzw. 18 erfolgt jedoch durch eine stationäre Dichtung am Rand des Druckverschlußdeckels 40. Auch bei nicht fließfähigen Mischgütern kann man so die Verwendung der relativ großen Gleitdichtung 9 vermeiden. Sofern in dem Druckbehälter 3 zusätzlich auch die Antriebsmotoren 6 und 22 für den Mischbehälter 1 und die Mischwerkzeuge 17 angeordnet sind, kann ein derartiger druckfester Mischer völlig ohne Gleitdichtungen betrieben werden und damit besonders hohe Dichtigkeitsanforderungen erfüllen.Finally, FIG. 8 shows a further embodiment of the pressure-resistant mixer, in which the still relatively large sliding seal 9 on the outlet ring 25 (see FIG. 2) can also be omitted. In this embodiment, in addition to the closure cover 8 of the mixing container 1, there is also a pressure closure cover 40 for the passage opening 18 of the pressure container 3. The closure cover 8 can be moved relative to it in the direction of the axis of symmetry of the concentric covers 8, 40 by a hydraulic or pneumatic drive on the closure cover mechanism 21 or on the pressure closure cover 40. In the open state, the two covers 8, 40 essentially rest on one another. After closing the pressure closure lid 40 with the aid of the closure lid mechanism 21, the closure lid 8 is then pressed into the emptying opening 20 of the mixing container 1 with the aid of the additional drive 41. The cover 8 is rotatably mounted on the additional drive. The pressure-tight seal of the drain or Passage opening 20 or 18 is, however, provided by a stationary seal at the edge of the pressure closure cover 40. The use of the relatively large sliding seal 9 can thus be avoided even in the case of non-flowable mixed materials. If the drive motors 6 and 22 for the mixing container 1 and the mixing tools 17 are also arranged in the pressure vessel 3, such a pressure-resistant mixer can be operated completely without sliding seals and thus meet particularly high tightness requirements.

Claims (11)

  1. A pressure resistant mixer with a filling aperture (15), a rotatable mixing container (1) comprising an emptying means (20, 38) and having mixing tools (17) in the interior of the mixing container (1) and with drive motors (6, 22) and output means (33, 34) for driving the mixing tools (17) and/or the mixing container (1), a stationary pressure container (3) being disposed around the mixing container (1), characterised in that the mixing tools (17) in the interior of the mixing container (1) eccentrically in relation to the axis (35) of the mixing container and in that on the bottom (31) of the pressure container (3) concentrically with the axis (35) of the mixing container and an emptying aperture (20) in the bottom of the mixing container (1) there is a through-way (18) formed by an outlet ring (25) provided at the edge of the emptying orifice (20) and which on its outside is connected via a sliding packing (9) to a sealing edge (27) in the bottom (31) of the pressure container (3), the said sealing edge extending concentrically with the through-way (18) and in that there is on the cover (27) of the pressure container (3) over the wall (30) of the mixing container (1) and/or on the upper edge thereof a sliding packing (16) which is sealing-tight in respect of the materials being mixed.
  2. A pressure resistant mixer with a filling aperture (15), a rotatable mixing container (1) having a discharge means (20, 38) and with mixing tools disposed inside the mixing container (1) and with drive motors (6, 22) and output means (33, 34) for driving the mixing tools (17) and/or the mixing container (1), a stationary pressure container (3) being disposed around the mixing container (1), characterised in that the mixing tools (17) are disposed inside the mixing container (1) and eccentrically of the mixing container axis (35), and in that there is extending through the cover (27) of the pressure container (3) and adapted for movement substantially at right-angles to the plane of the cover and sealed on its outside in respect of the cover (27) there is a vacuum extraction pipe (38) for the removal of any mixture which is capable of being extracted by a vacuum, and in that there is on the cover (27) of the pressure container (3) above the wall (30) of the mixing container (1) and/or on the upper edge thereof a sliding seal (16) which is sealing-tight in respect of the materials being mixed.
  3. A mixer according to claim 1 or 2, the pressure container (3) being essentially a cylindrical container with a bottom (31), cover (27) and wall (36), while the mixing container (1) is essentially a cylindrical container with a bottom (28), a wall (30) and without a cover, the driving motor (6) of the mixing container (1) being disposed outside the pressure container (3), characterised in that provided as output means and extending through the bottom (31) of the pressure container (3) is a shaft (34) provided with a sliding seal (10) and on the end of which, inside the pressure container (3), there is a pinion (5) which meshes with a gearwheel (4) on the bottom (28) of the mixing container (1).
  4. A mixer according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the drive motor (6) of the mixing container (1) is disposed outside the pressure container (3) and in that provided as output means there is, passing through an elastic sleeve (10a) in the bottom (31) of the pressure container (3) and provided with a sliding seal (10), a shaft (34) on the end of which inside the pressure container (3) there is a friction wheel (5a) which bears on a drive ring (4a) of the mixing container (1).
  5. A mixer according to one or more of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the drive motor (22) for the mixing tools (17) is disposed outside the pressure container (3) on the cover (27) or side wall (36) or on the machine frame (14) thereof and is connected to the mixing tools (17) inside the mixing container (1) by means of a shaft (33) provided with a sliding seal (11) and passing through the cover (27) of the pressure container (3).
  6. A mixer according to one or more of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that on the cover (27) of the pressure container (3), above the mixing container (1), there is as vacuum flange (12) for the connection of a vacuum extraction or vacuum pump line while on the wall (36) or on the cover (27) of the pressure container (3) there is outside the mixture seal (16) a pressure flange (13) for connection of a pressure line.
  7. A mixer according to one or more of claims 1 to 6, characterised in that in the wall (36) of the pressure container (3) and adapted to be occluded by pressure plates (7) there are apertures (37) with pressure resistant seals while in the wall (30) of the mixing container (1) there are at the same height and adapted to be occluded by plates (7a) apertures (37a) which have seals which are impermeable to the materials being mixed.
  8. A mixer according to one or more of claims 1 to 7, characterised in that there is on the cover (27) of the pressure container (3) a condenser (29) which, for the return of condensate, is at its lowest point connected to the vacuum flange (12) or to some other aperture in the cover (27) of the pressure container (3) which is situated above the mixing container (1).
  9. A mixer according to one or more of claims 1 to 8, characterised in that there is on the cover (27) of the pressure container (3) a condenser (29) which at its lowest point is connected to an outlet (39) which discharges outside the mixing container (1).
  10. A mixer according to claim 1 and according to one or more of claims 3 to 9, characterised in that there are on the bottom (31) of the pressure container (3), apart from the through-way aperture (18), feed lines (24) which pass through the sealing rim (26) and terminate in the intermediate spaces in three sliding seals (9) disposed at intervals above one another between the sealing rim (26) and the outlet ring (25).
  11. A mixer according to one or more of claims 1 to 10, characterised in that all the pressure resistant packings, gaskets and seals used are sealing-tight in respect of both above-atmospheric and also below-atmospheric pressures.
EP86105684A 1985-06-07 1986-04-24 Pressure-resisting mixer Expired - Lifetime EP0204127B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT86105684T ATE67429T1 (en) 1985-06-07 1986-04-24 PRESSURE MIXER.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3520409 1985-06-07
DE19853520409 DE3520409A1 (en) 1985-06-07 1985-06-07 PRESSURE-RESISTANT MIXER

Publications (3)

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EP0204127A2 EP0204127A2 (en) 1986-12-10
EP0204127A3 EP0204127A3 (en) 1987-08-05
EP0204127B1 true EP0204127B1 (en) 1991-09-18

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US (1) US4854715A (en)
EP (1) EP0204127B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS61283330A (en)
CN (1) CN1006282B (en)
AT (1) ATE67429T1 (en)
AU (1) AU583126B2 (en)
BR (1) BR8602617A (en)
CA (1) CA1263376A (en)
DE (2) DE3520409A1 (en)
ES (1) ES8704753A1 (en)
IN (1) IN164137B (en)
MX (1) MX161975A (en)
ZA (1) ZA863160B (en)

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DE3302109A1 (en) * 1983-01-22 1984-08-09 Hubert Eirich DEVICE FOR CLOSING AND CONTINUOUSLY EMPTYING THE CONTAINER OF A PROCESSING MACHINE

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102010027885A1 (en) * 2010-04-16 2012-02-09 Maschinenfabrik Gustav Eirich Gmbh & Co. Kg Mixing device with wear protection lining
CN108772004A (en) * 2018-06-12 2018-11-09 合肥丰洁生物科技有限公司 A kind of Cosmetic Manufacture mixing plant

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3520409A1 (en) 1986-12-11
AU5844586A (en) 1986-12-11
EP0204127A2 (en) 1986-12-10
AU583126B2 (en) 1989-04-20
ES554899A0 (en) 1987-04-16
ZA863160B (en) 1986-12-30
US4854715A (en) 1989-08-08
CA1263376A (en) 1989-11-28
ATE67429T1 (en) 1991-10-15
MX161975A (en) 1991-03-14
ES8704753A1 (en) 1987-04-16
JPS61283330A (en) 1986-12-13
IN164137B (en) 1989-01-21
CN86103496A (en) 1988-04-27
CN1006282B (en) 1990-01-03
EP0204127A3 (en) 1987-08-05
JPH0415017B2 (en) 1992-03-16
DE3681502D1 (en) 1991-10-24
BR8602617A (en) 1987-02-03

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