EP0203445A1 - Raw gas-clean gas heat exchanger - Google Patents

Raw gas-clean gas heat exchanger Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0203445A1
EP0203445A1 EP86106484A EP86106484A EP0203445A1 EP 0203445 A1 EP0203445 A1 EP 0203445A1 EP 86106484 A EP86106484 A EP 86106484A EP 86106484 A EP86106484 A EP 86106484A EP 0203445 A1 EP0203445 A1 EP 0203445A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heat exchanger
raw gas
gas
channel
raw
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Granted
Application number
EP86106484A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0203445B1 (en
Inventor
Winfried Dipl.-Ing. Ganzer
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Siemens AG
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Kraftwerk Union AG
Siemens AG
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Publication of EP0203445A1 publication Critical patent/EP0203445A1/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F19/00—Preventing the formation of deposits or corrosion, e.g. by using filters or scrapers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/08—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being otherwise bent, e.g. in a serpentine or zig-zag
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/08—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being otherwise bent, e.g. in a serpentine or zig-zag
    • F28D7/082—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being otherwise bent, e.g. in a serpentine or zig-zag with serpentine or zig-zag configuration
    • F28D7/085—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being otherwise bent, e.g. in a serpentine or zig-zag with serpentine or zig-zag configuration in the form of parallel conduits coupled by bent portions
    • F28D7/087—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being otherwise bent, e.g. in a serpentine or zig-zag with serpentine or zig-zag configuration in the form of parallel conduits coupled by bent portions assembled in arrays, each array being arranged in the same plane

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a raw gas-pure gas heat exchanger, in particular for dust-laden raw gases.
  • Heat exchangers in which hot gas as the primary medium heats up another gas serving as the secondary medium are known. It is also known that the secondary medium is heated as much as possible when it flows through the heat exchanger in countercurrent to the primary medium.
  • highly dust-laden gases such as those which arise in particular behind coal dust furnaces, fluidized bed furnaces, or also coal gasifiers, there is the problem of reducing the deposits which impair heat transfer or of removing such deposits again.
  • These are not always only deposits of soot, dust and ash particles, but in particular behind coal gasifiers also the desublimation of NH, CI and deposits that can be attributed to thermophoretic effects.
  • the invention has for its object to develop a raw gas-pure gas heat exchanger, which is particularly adapted to the operating conditions when using very dusty raw gases.
  • the lowest possible temperature difference between the incoming hot raw gas and the emerging secondary medium, the clean gas, should be achieved.
  • the clean gas flows through the heat exchanger tubes and the dust-laden raw gases flow around these heat exchanger tubes in countercurrent from the outside.
  • clogging of the narrow heat exchanger tubes is avoided without the flow rate in them needing to be increased unnecessarily high.
  • the heat exchanger tubes in an essentially vertically standing channel which is open at the bottom and is supplied with raw gas from above, it is ensured that the greatest possible proportion of the dust is transported directly from the top to the bottom. At the same time it is avoided that the dust can accumulate appreciably in any area of the heat exchanger heating surfaces.
  • the heat exchanger tubes are arranged in different planes running parallel to one another and to the axis of symmetry of the channel, it becomes. on the one hand, it is possible to clean the heat exchanger tubes with soot blowers or other suitable vibration devices during operation and, on the other hand, it becomes possible to replace individual, defective heat exchanger tubes unhindered by neighboring heat exchanger tubes.
  • the channel is arranged in an advantageous further development of the invention together with the heat exchanger tubes in a container which is closed on all sides and provided with a raw gas outlet line at the upper end, then it is achieved that the cooled raw gas flows around it on the outside and the heat insulation to be applied only to the essential lower temperature of the cooled raw gas needs to be turned off.
  • the resulting deflection of the raw gas by 180 ° at the lower, open end of the channel results in centrifugal separation of the entrained particles from the raw gas.
  • a particularly simple and maintenance-friendly mounting of the heat exchanger tubes results in connection with their laying in planes parallel to one another and to the axis of symmetry of the channel, if the heat exchanger tubes in an advantageous development of the invention at the lower end of the channel at an inlet and at the upper end of the channel at one Output collectors are connected. In the event of a defect in one of the heat exchanger tubes, this can then be cut off at an easily accessible location at the upper or lower end of the channel, pulled out and replaced with a new heat exchanger tube. A thermally particularly favorable solution is obtained if the input collector is arranged inside the channel.
  • the 1 shows in a longitudinal section through the raw gas-pure gas heat exchanger 1 the raw gas inlet line 3 concentrically opening from above and its expansion to an essentially rectangular channel 4 inside the pressure vessel 2 of the raw gas clean gas heat exchanger 1.
  • the meandering heat exchanger tubes 5, which are connected to an outlet header 7 for the clean gas at the lower, open end of the channel, are indicated in the channel 4 of the raw gas-clean gas heat exchanger 1.
  • the inlet header 6 and the outlet header 7 are each connected to a separate clean gas line 8, 9.
  • the upper end of the pressure vessel 2 of the raw gas-pure gas heat exchanger 1 is bottle-shaped and encloses the raw gas inlet line 3. In this area, a raw gas outlet line 10 is led out laterally.
  • the pressure vessel 2 is cylindrical, while the channel 4 carrying the heat exchanger tubes 5 has an essentially rectangular cross section. 2 that the heat exchanger tubes 5 are guided in mutually parallel planes arranged parallel to the axis of symmetry of the channel 4.
  • the hot, dust-laden raw gas flows from above via the raw gas inlet line 3 into the channel 4 of the raw gas-pure gas heat exchanger. It flows past the meandering curved heat exchanger tubes 5 and gives off its heat to the clean gas flowing through the heat exchanger tubes 5.
  • the raw gas is deflected by 180 ° in order to flow inside the pressure vessel 2 on the outside of the duct 4 to the upper end of the raw gas-pure gas heat exchanger and then into the raw gas outlet line 10.
  • the sharp deflection at the lower end of the channel 4 separates entrained particles of all kinds from the raw gas. They fall onto the funnel-shaped bottom 11 of the pressure vessel 2.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 show both the inlet and outlet manifolds 6, 7 on opposite sides of the clean gas inlet or outlet. connected to the clean gas outlet line 8, 9.
  • this raw gas-pure gas heat exchanger 1 It is a great advantage of this raw gas-pure gas heat exchanger 1 that a large part of the particles transported by the raw gas passes the heat exchanger tubes 5 and is separated from the raw gas at the lower end of the channel 4 during the deflection by 180 ° and finally into the funnel-shaped bottom 11 of the Pressure vessel 2 falls. This significantly reduces the cost of gas dedusting. The same also applies to the dust particles which had settled on the individual meanders of the heat exchanger tubes 5 and were blown down again by the raw gas flowing in. They can be withdrawn from the ash lock 12 from time to time. The essentially cleaned and cooled to 150 ° raw gas can then be fed via the raw gas outlet line 10 for further use.
  • the pipe-free guidance of the heat exchanger tubes 5 in two-dimensional, parallel planes enables the unobstructed use of sootblowers and other cleaning devices. It also permits the subsequent exchange of entire heat exchanger tubes, which can be cut off or welded on the inlet and outlet header 6, 7 for this purpose.
  • the raw gas inlet line 13 leads vertically from above into the pressure vessel 14 of the raw gas-pure gas heat exchanger 15 and is the rectangular one arranged centrally in the pressure vessel 14 Channel 16 kept open at the lower end.
  • the pressure vessel 14 also encloses the raw gas inlet line 13 in the same way as was described with reference to FIG. 1.
  • the raw gas outlet duct device 17 is also connected om the upper end of the pressure vessel 14.
  • the design of the inlet header 18 and the routing of the heat exchanger tubes 19 also correspond to the exemplary embodiments in FIGS. 1 and 2. In a departure from the exemplary embodiment of FIG.
  • the clean gas outlet collector 20 is guided inside and not outside the channel 16 and is therefore flushed with hot raw gas.
  • the two risers 21, 22 on both sides of the outlet header 20 meet in the middle above the outlet header in the region of the axis of symmetry 23 of the raw gas-pure gas heat exchanger 15 in the raw gas inlet line 13. They become a mirror image of the raw gas outlet line 17 from the raw gas Channel 13 and the pressure vessel 14 led out.
  • the heated clean gas flowing into the outlet header 20 gives off heat to the already cooled raw gas. Instead, the risers of the outlet header 20 are flushed with the hot raw gas.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)

Abstract

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf einen Rohgas-Reingas-Wärmetauscher (1, 15), insbesondere für staubbeladenes Rohgas Bei Wärmetauschern, die mit staubbeladenem Rohgas beaufschlagt werden, besteht das Problem, daß sich entweder die vom Rohgas durchströmten Wärmetauscherrohre oder beim Umströmen der Wärmetauscherrohre mit Rohgas die Zwischenräume zwischen den Wärmetauscherrohren zunehmend zugesetzt werden, womit nicht nur eine Erhöhung des Strömungswiderstandes, sondern zugleich auch eine starke Verminderung des Wärmeübergangs verbunden ist. Hierzu sieht die Erfindung vor, daß vom Reingas durchströmte Wärmetauscherrohre (5, 19) in einem, im wesentlichen senkrecht stehenden, unten offenen und von oben her mit Rohgas beaufschlagten Kanal (4, 16) angeordnet sind und dabei in verschiedenen parallel zueinander und zur Symmetrieachse (23) des Kanals angeordneten zweidimensionalen Ebenen verlaufend angeordnet sind. Zusätzlich kann der Kanal mitsamt den Wärmetauscherrohren in einem allseitig geschlossenen, am oberen Ende mit einer Rohgasaustrittsleitung (10, 17) versehenen Behälter (2, 14) angeordnet sein. Ein erfindungsgemäßer Rohgas-Rein- gas-Wärmetauscher ist insbesondere fúr den Einsatz hinter Kohlevergaser und Wirbelschichtfeuerungsanlagen geeignet.The invention relates to a raw gas-clean gas heat exchanger (1, 15), in particular for dust-laden raw gas. In heat exchangers that are charged with dust-laden raw gas, there is the problem that either the heat exchanger tubes through which the raw gas flows or when raw gas flows around the heat exchanger tubes the spaces between the heat exchanger tubes are increasingly clogged, which is associated not only with an increase in flow resistance, but also with a strong reduction in heat transfer. For this purpose, the invention provides that heat exchanger tubes (5, 19) through which the clean gas flows are arranged in a channel (4, 16) which is essentially vertical, open at the bottom and loaded with raw gas from above, and in different channels parallel to one another and to the axis of symmetry (23) of the channel arranged two-dimensional planes are arranged running. In addition, the channel together with the heat exchanger tubes can be arranged in a container (2, 14) which is closed on all sides and has a raw gas outlet line (10, 17) at the upper end. A raw gas-pure gas heat exchanger according to the invention is particularly suitable for use behind coal gasifiers and fluidized bed combustion plants.

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf einen Rohgas-Reingas-Wärmetauscher, insbesondere für staubbeladene Rohgase.The invention relates to a raw gas-pure gas heat exchanger, in particular for dust-laden raw gases.

Wärmetauscher, bei denen heißes Gas als Primärmedium ein anderes als Sekundärmedium dienendes Gas aufheizt, sind bekannt. Es ist auch bekannt, daß man eine höchstmögliche Aufheizung des Sekundärmediums erreicht, wenn dieses im Gegenstrom zum Primärmedium durch den Wärmetauscher strömt. Bei stark staubbeladenen Gasen, wie sie insbesondere hinter Kohlenstaubfeuerungen, Wirbelschichtöfen, oder auch Kohlevergasem entstehen, besteht jedoch das Problem, die die Wärmeübertragung beeinträchtigenden Ablagerungen zu vermindern bzw. solche Ablagerungen wieder zu entfernen. Dabei handelt es sich nicht immer nur um Ablagerungen von Ruß-, Staub-und Ascheteilchen, sondern insbesondere hinter Kohlevergasem auch um die Desublimation von NH, CI sowie um Ablagerungen, die auf thermophoretische Effekte zurückzuführen sind. Diese -Ablagerungen können von innen durchströmte Wärmetauscherrohre zusetzen oder, wenn sie diese umströmen, außen auf den Wärmetauscherrohren Beläge bilden, die die Zwischenräume zwischen diesen Wärmetauscherrohren nach und nach einengen und schließlich auch zusetzen. Diese Beläge verringern den Wärmeübergang bereits deutlich, wenn sie eine Stärke von ein bis zwei Millimetern aufweisen.Heat exchangers in which hot gas as the primary medium heats up another gas serving as the secondary medium are known. It is also known that the secondary medium is heated as much as possible when it flows through the heat exchanger in countercurrent to the primary medium. In the case of highly dust-laden gases, such as those which arise in particular behind coal dust furnaces, fluidized bed furnaces, or also coal gasifiers, there is the problem of reducing the deposits which impair heat transfer or of removing such deposits again. These are not always only deposits of soot, dust and ash particles, but in particular behind coal gasifiers also the desublimation of NH, CI and deposits that can be attributed to thermophoretic effects. These deposits can clog the heat exchanger tubes through which they flow or, if they flow around them, form deposits on the outside of the heat exchanger tubes which gradually narrow and eventually clog the spaces between these heat exchanger tubes. These coverings significantly reduce heat transfer when they are one to two millimeters thick.

Es ist bereits vorgeschlagen worden, die staubbeladenen Rohgase durch die Wärmetauscherrohre strömen zu lassen und dabei die Durchströmgeschwindigkeit so hoch zu wählen, daß eine Belagbildung in den Rohren verhindert wird. Diese Lösung erfordert jedoch erhebliche Verdichterleistungen und führt bei der Staubbeladung des Rohgases zu Erosionsproblemen an den Wärmetauscherrohren und den Verdichtem.It has already been proposed to let the dust-laden raw gases flow through the heat exchanger tubes and to select the flow rate so high that a build-up of deposits in the tubes is prevented. However, this solution requires considerable compressor performances and leads to erosion problems on the heat exchanger tubes and the compressors when the raw gas is loaded with dust.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen Rohgas-Reingas-Wärmetauscher zu entwickeln, der besonders an die Betriebsbedingungen beim Einsatz stark staubhaltiger Rohgase angepaßt ist. Dabei sollte eine möglichst geringe Temperaturdifferenz zwischen dem eintretenden heißen Rohgas und dem austretenden Sekundärmedium, dem Reingas, erreicht werden.The invention has for its object to develop a raw gas-pure gas heat exchanger, which is particularly adapted to the operating conditions when using very dusty raw gases. The lowest possible temperature difference between the incoming hot raw gas and the emerging secondary medium, the clean gas, should be achieved.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch die Merkmale des Anspruchs 1 gelöst. Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen sind in den Ansprüchen 2 bis 11 beschrieben.This object is solved by the features of claim 1. Advantageous further developments are described in claims 2 to 11.

Bei der erfindungsgemäßen Konstruktion durchströmt das Reingas die Wärmetauscherrohre und umströmen die staubbeladenen Rohgase diese Wärmetauscherrohre von außen im Gegenstrom. Auf diese Weise wird ein Verstopfen der engen Wärmetauscherrohre vermieden, ohne daß die Strömungsgeschwindigkeit in ihnen unnötig hoch heraufgesetzt zu werden braucht. Infolge des Einsatzes der Wärmetauscherrohre in einen im wesentlichen senkrecht steheden, unten offenen Kanal, der von oben her mit Rohgas beaufschlagt wird, wird sichergestellt, daß ein größtmöglicher Anteil des Staubes direkt von oben nach unten hindurchtransportiert wird. Zugleich wird vermieden, daß sich der Staub in irgend einem Bereich der Wärmetauscherheizflächen nennenswert anhäufen kann. Dadurch, daß die Wärmetauscherrohre in verschiedenen, parallel zueinander und zur Symmetrieachse des Kanals verlaufenen Ebenen angeordnet werden, wird es. einerseits möglich, während des Betriebes die Wärmetauscherrohre mit Rußbläsem oder anderen geeigneten Vibrationsvorrichtungen abzureinigen und wird es andererseits möglich, einzelne, defekt gewordene Wärmetauscherrohre unbehindert von benachbarten Wärmetauscherrohren auszuwechseln.In the construction according to the invention, the clean gas flows through the heat exchanger tubes and the dust-laden raw gases flow around these heat exchanger tubes in countercurrent from the outside. In this way, clogging of the narrow heat exchanger tubes is avoided without the flow rate in them needing to be increased unnecessarily high. As a result of the use of the heat exchanger tubes in an essentially vertically standing channel which is open at the bottom and is supplied with raw gas from above, it is ensured that the greatest possible proportion of the dust is transported directly from the top to the bottom. At the same time it is avoided that the dust can accumulate appreciably in any area of the heat exchanger heating surfaces. Because the heat exchanger tubes are arranged in different planes running parallel to one another and to the axis of symmetry of the channel, it becomes. on the one hand, it is possible to clean the heat exchanger tubes with soot blowers or other suitable vibration devices during operation and, on the other hand, it becomes possible to replace individual, defective heat exchanger tubes unhindered by neighboring heat exchanger tubes.

Wird der Kanal in vorteilhafter Weiterbildung der Erfindung mitsamt den Wärmetauscherrohren in einem allseitig geschlossenen, am oberen Ende mit einer Rohgas-Austrittsleitung versehenen Behälter angeordnet, so wird erreicht, daß er außen von dem abgekühlten Rohgas umströmt wird und die anzubringende Wärmeisolation nur noch auf die wesentlich niedrigere Temperatur des abgekühlten Rohgases abgestellt zu werden braucht. Darüber hinaus ergibt sich durch die so bewirkte Umfenkung des Rohgases um 180° am unteren, offenen Ende des Kanals eine fliehkraftbedingte Abtrennung der mitgeführten Teilchen vom Rohgas.If the channel is arranged in an advantageous further development of the invention together with the heat exchanger tubes in a container which is closed on all sides and provided with a raw gas outlet line at the upper end, then it is achieved that the cooled raw gas flows around it on the outside and the heat insulation to be applied only to the essential lower temperature of the cooled raw gas needs to be turned off. In addition, the resulting deflection of the raw gas by 180 ° at the lower, open end of the channel results in centrifugal separation of the entrained particles from the raw gas.

Eine besonders einfache und wartungsfreundliche Halterung der Wärmetauscherrohre ergibt sich in Verbindung mit ihrer Verlegung in zueinander und zur Symmetrieachse des Kanals parallelen Ebenen, wenn die Wärmetauscherrohre in vorteilhafter Weiterbildung der Erfindung am unteren Ende des Kanals an einem Eingangs-und am oberen Ende des Kanals an einem Ausgangssammler angeschlossen sind. Im Falle eines Defektes eines der Wärmetauscherrohre kann dieses dann an einer gut zugänglichen Stelle am oberen oder unteren Ende des Kanals abgeschnitten, herausgezogen und durch ein neues Wärmetauscherrohr ersetzt werden. Eine thermisch besonders günstige Lösung ergibt sich dabei, wenn der Eingangssammler im Innern des Kanals angeordnet ist. InA particularly simple and maintenance-friendly mounting of the heat exchanger tubes results in connection with their laying in planes parallel to one another and to the axis of symmetry of the channel, if the heat exchanger tubes in an advantageous development of the invention at the lower end of the channel at an inlet and at the upper end of the channel at one Output collectors are connected. In the event of a defect in one of the heat exchanger tubes, this can then be cut off at an easily accessible location at the upper or lower end of the channel, pulled out and replaced with a new heat exchanger tube. A thermally particularly favorable solution is obtained if the input collector is arranged inside the channel. In

diesem Fall wird seine verhältnismäßig große Oberfläche direkt von heißen Rauchgasen angeströmt, so daß in diesem Bereich kein Wärmeverlust entstehen kann.In this case, its relatively large surface area is flown directly by hot flue gases, so that no heat loss can occur in this area.

Weitere Einzelheiten der Erfindung werden anhand zweier in den Figuren dargestellter Ausführungsbeispiele erläutert. Es zeigen:

  • Fig. 1 einen Längsschnitt durch einen erfindungsgemäßen Rohgas-Reingas-Wärmetauscher,
  • Fig. 2 einen Schnitt längs der Linie 11-11 der Fig.1,
  • Fig. 3 einen etwas abgewandelten Rohgas-Reingas-Wärmetauscher, bei dem der Eingangssammler in den Kanal verlagert ist.
Further details of the invention are explained on the basis of two exemplary embodiments shown in the figures. Show it:
  • 1 shows a longitudinal section through a raw gas-pure gas heat exchanger according to the invention,
  • 2 shows a section along the line 11-11 of FIG. 1,
  • Fig. 3 shows a slightly modified raw gas-pure gas heat exchanger, in which the input collector is shifted into the channel.

In der Fig. 1 erkennt man in einem Längsschnitt durch den Rohgas-Reingas-Wärmetauscher 1 die von oben konzentrisch mündende Rohgas- Eintrittsleitung 3 und deren Erweiterung zu einem im wesentlichen rechteckigen Kanal 4 im Innern des Druckbehälters 2 des Rohgas-Reingas-Wärmetauschers 1. In dem Kanal 4. des Rohgas-Reingas-Wärmetauschers 1 sind die mäanderförmig geführten'Wärmetauscherrohre 5, die am unteren, offenen Ende des Kanals an einen Austrittssammler 7 für das Reingas angeschlossen sind, angedeutet. Der Eintrittssammler 6 und der Austrittssammler 7 sind an je eine separate Reingasleitung 8, 9 angeschlossen. Das obere Ende des Druckbehälters 2 des Rohgas-Reingas-Wärmetauschers 1 ist flaschenförmig ausgebildet und umschließt die Rohgaseintrittsleitung 3. In diesem Bereich ist eine Rohgasaustrittsleitung 10 seitlich herausgeführt.1 shows in a longitudinal section through the raw gas-pure gas heat exchanger 1 the raw gas inlet line 3 concentrically opening from above and its expansion to an essentially rectangular channel 4 inside the pressure vessel 2 of the raw gas clean gas heat exchanger 1. The meandering heat exchanger tubes 5, which are connected to an outlet header 7 for the clean gas at the lower, open end of the channel, are indicated in the channel 4 of the raw gas-clean gas heat exchanger 1. The inlet header 6 and the outlet header 7 are each connected to a separate clean gas line 8, 9. The upper end of the pressure vessel 2 of the raw gas-pure gas heat exchanger 1 is bottle-shaped and encloses the raw gas inlet line 3. In this area, a raw gas outlet line 10 is led out laterally.

Wie die Schnittdarstellung der Fig. 2 zeigt, ist der Druckbehälter 2 zylindrisch ausgeführt, während der die Wärmetauscherrohre 5 tragende Kanal 4 einen im wesentlichen rechteckigen Querschnitt besitzt. Außerdem erkennt man in der Fig. 2, daß die Wärmetauscherrohre 5 in parallel zur Symmetrieachse des Kanals 4 angeordneten, zueinander parallelen Ebenen geführt sind.As the sectional view of FIG. 2 shows, the pressure vessel 2 is cylindrical, while the channel 4 carrying the heat exchanger tubes 5 has an essentially rectangular cross section. 2 that the heat exchanger tubes 5 are guided in mutually parallel planes arranged parallel to the axis of symmetry of the channel 4.

Beim Betrieb des Rohgas-Reingas-Wäremtauschers 1 strömt das heiße, staubbeladene Rohgas von oben über die Rohgaseintrittsleitung 3 in den Kanal 4 des Rohgas-Reingas-Wäremtauschers. Es strömt dabei an den mäanderförmig gebogenen Wärmetauscherrohren 5 vorbei und gibt dabei seine Wärme an das durch die Wärmetauscherrohre 5 strömende Reingas ab. Am unteren offenen Ende des Kanals 4 wird das Rohgas um 180° umgelenkt, um innerhalb des Druckbehälters 2 auf der Außenseite des Kanals 4 zum oberen Ende des Rohgas-Reingas-Wäremtauschers und dann in die Rohgas-Austrittsleitung 10 zu strömen. Durch die scharfe Umlenkung am unteren Ende des Kanals 4 werden mitgerissene Teilchen aller Art vom Rohgas getrennt. Sie fallen auf den trichterförmig ausgebildeten Boden 11 des Druckbehälters 2. Von dort können sie von Zeit zu Zeit über eine Ascheschleuse 12 abgezogen werden. Das von unten aus der Reingasleitung in den unteren Eintrittssammler 6 einströmende kalte Reingas strömt im Gegenstrom vom unteren Eintrittssammler durch die einzelnen Wärmetauscherrohre 5 und aus diesen unter gleichzeitiger Aufwärmung zu dem oberen Austrittssammler 7. Vom Austrittssammler 7 gelangt es in die Reingas-Austrittsleitung 9. Wie die Figuren 1 und 2 zeigen, sind sowohl der Ein-als auch Austrittssammler 6, 7 an gegenüberliegenden Seiten an der Reingas-Eintritts-bzw. an der Reingas-Austrittsleitung 8, 9 angeschlossen.When the raw gas-pure gas heat exchanger 1 is operating, the hot, dust-laden raw gas flows from above via the raw gas inlet line 3 into the channel 4 of the raw gas-pure gas heat exchanger. It flows past the meandering curved heat exchanger tubes 5 and gives off its heat to the clean gas flowing through the heat exchanger tubes 5. At the lower open end of the duct 4, the raw gas is deflected by 180 ° in order to flow inside the pressure vessel 2 on the outside of the duct 4 to the upper end of the raw gas-pure gas heat exchanger and then into the raw gas outlet line 10. The sharp deflection at the lower end of the channel 4 separates entrained particles of all kinds from the raw gas. They fall onto the funnel-shaped bottom 11 of the pressure vessel 2. From there they can be withdrawn from time to time via an ash lock 12. The cold clean gas flowing in from the bottom of the clean gas line into the lower inlet header 6 flows in countercurrent from the lower inlet header through the individual heat exchanger tubes 5 and out of these with simultaneous heating to the upper outlet header 7. From the outlet header 7 it reaches the clean gas outlet line 9. How FIGS. 1 and 2 show both the inlet and outlet manifolds 6, 7 on opposite sides of the clean gas inlet or outlet. connected to the clean gas outlet line 8, 9.

Es ist ein großer Vorteil dieses Rohgas-Reingas-Wärmetauschers 1, daß ein Großteil der vom Rohgas antransportierten Teilchen an den Wäremtauscherrohren 5 vorbeiführt und am unteren Ende des Kanals 4 bei der Umlenkung um 180° vom Rohgas abgetrennt und schließlich in den trichterförmigen Boden 11 des Druckbehälters 2 fällt. Hierdurch wird der Aufwand für die Gasentstaubung bedeutend verringert. Gleiches gilt auch für die Staubteilchen, die sich auf den einzelnen Mäandern der Wärmetauscherrohre 5 abgesetzt hatten und von dem nachströmenden Rohgas wieder heruntergeblasen wurden. Sie können über die Ascheschleuse 12 von Zeit zu Zeit abgezogen werden. Das im wesentlichen gereinigte und auf 150° abgekühlte Rohgas kann dann über die Rohgas- Austrittsleitung 10 einer weiteren Verwendung zugeführt werden. Des weiteren ermöglicht die rohrbodenfreie Führung der Wärmetauscherrohre 5 in zweidimensionalen, parallelen Ebenen den unbehinderten Einsatz von Rußbläsern und anderen Reinigungsgerätschaften. Sie erlaubt auch den nachträglichen Austausch von ganzen Wärmetauscherrohren, die zu diesem Zweck am Ein-und Austrittssammler 6, 7 abgetrennt, bzw. neu angeschweiOt werden können.It is a great advantage of this raw gas-pure gas heat exchanger 1 that a large part of the particles transported by the raw gas passes the heat exchanger tubes 5 and is separated from the raw gas at the lower end of the channel 4 during the deflection by 180 ° and finally into the funnel-shaped bottom 11 of the Pressure vessel 2 falls. This significantly reduces the cost of gas dedusting. The same also applies to the dust particles which had settled on the individual meanders of the heat exchanger tubes 5 and were blown down again by the raw gas flowing in. They can be withdrawn from the ash lock 12 from time to time. The essentially cleaned and cooled to 150 ° raw gas can then be fed via the raw gas outlet line 10 for further use. Furthermore, the pipe-free guidance of the heat exchanger tubes 5 in two-dimensional, parallel planes enables the unobstructed use of sootblowers and other cleaning devices. It also permits the subsequent exchange of entire heat exchanger tubes, which can be cut off or welded on the inlet and outlet header 6, 7 for this purpose.

Die Fig. 3 zeigt eine Variation des Rohgas-Reingas-Wärmetauschers der Fig. 1. Auch hier führt die Rohgas-Eintrittsleitung 13 von oben senkrecht in den Druckbehälter 14 des Rohgas-Reingas-Wärmetauschers 15 und ist der rechteckige, zentrisch im Druckbehälter 14 angeordnete Kanal 16 am unteren Ende offengehalten. Auch umschließt der Druckbehälter 14 die Rohgas-Eintrittsleitung 13 in gleicher Weise, wie anhand der Fig. 1 beschrieben wurde. Die Rohgas-Austrittsleitung 17 ist auch hier om oberen Ende des Druckbehälters 14 angeschlossen. Schließlich stimmt auch die Ausführung des Eintrittssammlers 18 und die Führung der Wärmetauscherrohre 19 mit den Ausführungsbeispielen der Fig. 1 und 2 überein. Der Reingas-Austrittssammler 20 ist jedoch abweichend vom Ausführungsbeispiel der Fig. 1 im Innern und nicht außerhalb des Kanals 16 geführt und wird somit von heißem Rohgas umspült. Die beiden Steigleitungen 21, 22 zu beiden Seiten des Austrittssammlers 20 treffen sich in der Mitte oberhalb des Austrittssammlers im Bereich der Symmetrieachse 23 des Rohgas-Reingas-Wärmetauschers 15 in der Rohgas-Eintrittsleitung 13. Sie werden spiegelbildlich zur Rohgas-Austrittsleitung 17 aus dem Rohgas-Kanal 13 und dem Druckbehälter 14 herausgeführt. Bei dieser Variante, die sich insbesondere bei geringeren Temperaturunterschieden zwischen dem aufgeheizten Reingas und dem eingetretenen Rohgas positiv auswirkt, wird vermieden, daß das aufgeheizte, in den Austrittssammler 20 strömende Reingas Wärme an das bereits abgekühlte Rohgas abgibt. Stattdessen werden die Steigleitungen des Austrittssammlers 20 vom heißen Rohgas umspült.3 shows a variation of the raw gas-pure gas heat exchanger of FIG. 1. Here, too, the raw gas inlet line 13 leads vertically from above into the pressure vessel 14 of the raw gas-pure gas heat exchanger 15 and is the rectangular one arranged centrally in the pressure vessel 14 Channel 16 kept open at the lower end. The pressure vessel 14 also encloses the raw gas inlet line 13 in the same way as was described with reference to FIG. 1. The raw gas outlet duct device 17 is also connected om the upper end of the pressure vessel 14. Finally, the design of the inlet header 18 and the routing of the heat exchanger tubes 19 also correspond to the exemplary embodiments in FIGS. 1 and 2. In a departure from the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 1, however, the clean gas outlet collector 20 is guided inside and not outside the channel 16 and is therefore flushed with hot raw gas. The two risers 21, 22 on both sides of the outlet header 20 meet in the middle above the outlet header in the region of the axis of symmetry 23 of the raw gas-pure gas heat exchanger 15 in the raw gas inlet line 13. They become a mirror image of the raw gas outlet line 17 from the raw gas Channel 13 and the pressure vessel 14 led out. In this variant, which has a positive effect in particular in the case of smaller temperature differences between the heated clean gas and the raw gas which has entered, it is avoided that the heated clean gas flowing into the outlet header 20 gives off heat to the already cooled raw gas. Instead, the risers of the outlet header 20 are flushed with the hot raw gas.

Claims (10)

1. Rohgas-Reingas-Wäremtauscher, insbesondere für staubbeladenes Rohgas,
dadurch gekennzeichnet
daß vom Reingas durchströmte Wärmetauscherrohre (5, 19) in einem im wesentlichen senkrecht stehenden, unten offenen und von oben her mit Rohgas beaufschlagten Kanal (4, 16) in verchiedenen parallel zueinander und zur Symmetrieachse (23) des Kanals angeordneten zweidimensionalen Ebenen verlaufend angeordnet sind.1. Raw gas-pure gas heat exchanger, especially for dust-laden raw gas,
characterized
that heat exchanger tubes (5, 19) through which the clean gas flows are arranged in a substantially vertical, open at the bottom and exposed to the top with raw gas channel (4, 16) in various parallel to each other and to the axis of symmetry (23) of the channel arranged in two dimensions . 2. Rohgas-Reingas-Wärmetauscher nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet
daß der Kanal (4,16) mitsamt den Wärmetauscherrohren (5,19) in einem allseitig geschlossenen, am oberen Ende mit einer Rohgas- Austrittsleitung (10, 17) versehenen Behälter (2, 14) angeordnet ist.2. Raw gas-clean gas heat exchanger according to claim 1,
characterized
that the channel (4, 16) together with the heat exchanger tubes (5, 19) is arranged in a container (2, 14) which is closed on all sides and has a raw gas outlet line (10, 17) at the upper end. 3. Rohgas-Reingas-Wärmetauscher nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Wärmetauscherrohre (5,19) am unteren Ende des Kanals (4, 16) an einen Eintritts-und am oberen Ende des Kanals an einem Austrittssammler (6, 7, 18, 20) angeschlossen sind3. raw gas-clean gas heat exchanger according to claim 1,
characterized,
that the heat exchanger tubes (5, 19) are connected at the lower end of the channel (4, 16) to an inlet header and at the upper end of the channel to an outlet header (6, 7, 18, 20) 4. Rohgas-Reingas-Wärmetauscher nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Wäremtauscherrohre (5, 19) mäanderförmig gebogen sind. 5.Rohgas-Reingas-Wärmetauscher nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß der Austrittssammler (20) im Inneren des Kanals (16) angeordnet ist.4. raw gas-clean gas heat exchanger according to claim 1,
characterized,
that the heat exchanger tubes (5, 19) are bent in a meandering shape. 5. Raw gas-clean gas heat exchanger according to claim 1,
characterized,
that the outlet header (20) is arranged inside the channel (16). 6. Rohgas-Reingas-Wärmetauscher nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß der Eintrittssammler im Inneren des Kanals angeordnet ist.6. Raw gas-clean gas heat exchanger according to claim 1,
characterized,
that the inlet header is located inside the channel. 7. Rohgas-Reingas-Wärmetauscher nach Anspruch 2,
dadurch gekennzeichnet
daß die Rohgas-Austrittsleitung(10,17) die Rohgas- Eintrittsleitung (3, 13) konzentrisch umgibt.7. raw gas-clean gas heat exchanger according to claim 2,
characterized
that the raw gas outlet line (10, 17) concentrically surrounds the raw gas inlet line (3, 13). 8. Rohgas-Reingas-Wärmetauscher nach Anspruch 2,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß der Boden (11) des Behälters (2,14) trichterförmig ausgebildet ist.8. raw gas-clean gas heat exchanger according to claim 2,
characterized,
that the bottom (11) of the container (2,14) is funnel-shaped. 9. Rohgas-Reingas-Wärmetauscher nach Anspruch 8,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß eine Ascheabzugsvorrichtung (12) am tiefsten Punkt des Bodens (11) des Behälters (2, 14) angeordnet ist.9. raw gas-clean gas heat exchanger according to claim 8,
characterized,
that an ash extraction device (12) is arranged at the lowest point of the bottom (11) of the container (2, 14). 10. Rohgas-Reingas-Wärmetauscher nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß der Kanal (4, 16) einen rechteckigen Querschnitt hat.10. raw gas-clean gas heat exchanger according to claim 1,
characterized,
that the channel (4, 16) has a rectangular cross section. 11. Rohgas-Reingas-Wärmetauscher nach Anspruch 1
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß der Behälter (2,14) einen zylindrischen Querschnitt hat.11. Raw gas-clean gas heat exchanger according to claim 1
characterized,
that the container (2,14) has a cylindrical cross section.
EP86106484A 1985-05-24 1986-05-13 Raw gas-clean gas heat exchanger Expired EP0203445B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3518842 1985-05-24
DE3518842 1985-05-24

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0203445A1 true EP0203445A1 (en) 1986-12-03
EP0203445B1 EP0203445B1 (en) 1989-12-20

Family

ID=6271635

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP86106484A Expired EP0203445B1 (en) 1985-05-24 1986-05-13 Raw gas-clean gas heat exchanger

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US4706742A (en)
EP (1) EP0203445B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH0615949B2 (en)
CA (1) CA1271187A (en)
DE (1) DE3667724D1 (en)

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US5172760A (en) * 1990-12-24 1992-12-22 Uop Heat exchange apparatus for separating a resin phase from a solvent solution containing a solvent, demetallized oil and a resin
FR2869979B1 (en) * 2004-05-06 2006-08-04 Packinox Sa PLATE HEAT EXCHANGER
FI20095566A (en) * 2009-05-22 2010-11-23 Metso Power Oy Combustion air preheater and power plant
JP2012007761A (en) * 2010-06-22 2012-01-12 Toshiba Corp Heat exchanger and nozzle of heat exchanger

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0203445B1 (en) 1989-12-20
US4706742A (en) 1987-11-17
JPH0615949B2 (en) 1994-03-02
CA1271187A (en) 1990-07-03
JPS61272590A (en) 1986-12-02
DE3667724D1 (en) 1990-01-25

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