EP0202878B1 - Commutateur à prises à isolation par liquide - Google Patents
Commutateur à prises à isolation par liquide Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0202878B1 EP0202878B1 EP19860303735 EP86303735A EP0202878B1 EP 0202878 B1 EP0202878 B1 EP 0202878B1 EP 19860303735 EP19860303735 EP 19860303735 EP 86303735 A EP86303735 A EP 86303735A EP 0202878 B1 EP0202878 B1 EP 0202878B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- ester
- liquid
- tap
- changer according
- insulated tap
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
- H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
- H01B3/20—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances liquids, e.g. oils
Definitions
- the present invention relates to liquid-insulated tap-changers.
- Fluid-insulated tap-changers are employed for light-duty switching in a variety of applications, such as distribution transformer installations and underground railways, where repeated on-load switching of currents of up to about 500A at voltages of typically a few kV is required.
- a tap-changer may perform 20,000 to 30,000 make and break cycles annually, and a working life of a minimum of 20 years is normally expected.
- tap-changer electrodes are subject to considerable wear in use, and for the same reason the dielectric fluid in a tap-changer quickly becomes contaminated with carbon and other arcing products, which in turn tend to cause the electrodes to wear more rapidly.
- fluid-insulated tap-changers are distinguished from fluid-insulated switchgear in general by the requirement to renew their dielectric liquid at frequent intervals throughout their working life and also by the requirement that the dielectric liquid employed should be compatible with an absolute minimum of electrode wear.
- the problem of electrode wear is less severe in heavy duty switchgear for example, even though such switchgear may switch currents of perhaps several kA at several tens of kV.
- BS148 petroleum oil has the following disadvantages ; a) it is highly inflammable b) it can have poor lubricating properties c) it can freeze at - 20 °C and d) being a natural petroleum product the molecular structure can contain various aromatic structures of questionable toxicity or carcinogeneticy. Also in operation in a tap-changer or switch, petroleum oil evolves large quantities of hydrogen and other flammable gases, and produces large quantities of colloidal carbon which requires periodic removal.
- a liquid insulated tap-changer incorporates a dielectric liquid which includes as a major constituent one or more monomeric or polymeric esters of the general formula : wherein R' are the same or different alkyl groups having five to ten carbon atoms, and R are independently H or methyl or ethyl or or (in the case that the ester is polymeric)
- the dielectric liquid may comprise a single said ester or a mixture of such esters.
- each R is or one R is ethyl and the other R is
- esters trimethylol-propane triheptanoate, trimethylol-propane tricaprylate and pentaerythritol tetrapelargonate and listed their viscosities, boiling points, electrical loss tangents (tan 8), resistivities, permittivities, electrical breakdown strengths, fire points and autoignition temperatures.
- this patent did not suggest that any of the esters of the present invention were suitable for use in tap-changers and in particular did not disclose the amount of contact erosion or carbon production which arises when the esters are used in tap-changers. These two parameters are very important in tap-changer applications but are much less important in most other types of switchgear applications.
- esters in accordance with the invention when used as dielectric liquids in tap-changers, significantly reduce contact erosion in comparison with tap-changers which utilise petroleum oil (which has previously been considered the best dielectric fluid for tap-changers). Furthermore the esters of the present invention form only a small fraction of the carbon produced by petroleum oil in tap-changers, and the carbon produced by the esters of the present invention is less colloidal and separates more readily to leave a cleaner system. Thus, by using the esters of the present invention in tap-changers the overall life of the tap-changer may be increased and the required maintenance may be reduced.
- ester mixture employed in a tap-changer in accordance with the invention consists of pentaerythritol tetra-heptanoate and pentaerythritol tetra-octanoate esters having a composition as follows :
- the fire point was determined by the method specified in the Institute of Petroleum Handbook No. 36/63
- the pour point was determined by the method specified in the Institute of Petroleum Handbook No. 15/67 (ASTM Designation D97-66)
- the type testing involved 20,000 make and break operations in a 33 kV 500 A High Speed Resistor Transition Tap-Changer.
- esters produced from different batches of acid may be reacted with the alcanol to form the required esters, and that appropriate blending of esters produced from different batches of acid may be necessary in order to achieve the desired pour point, fire point, viscosity or other characteristics.
- the precise composition is not critical, but it should be noted that the electrical properties, especially the loss tangent and the resistivity, improve with increasing molecular weight and increasing symmetry of the ester molecule.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Organic Insulating Materials (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
Claims (11)
1. Commutateur à prises à isolant liquide contenant un liquide diélectrique qui a, comme constituant principal, un ou plusieurs esters monomères ou polymères de formule :
dans laquelle les groupes R' désignent des groupes alkyles identiques ou différents ayant cinq à dix atomes de carbone et les groupes R désignent indépendamment H ou un groupe méthyle ou un groupe éthyle ou un groupe
ou (dans le cas où l'ester est polymère) un groupe
2. Commutateur à prises à isolant liquide selon la revendication 1, dans le liquide diélectrique contient l'ester dans lequel chaque groupe R est
3. Commutateur à prises à isolant liquide selon la revendication 1, dans lequel le liquide diélectrique contient l'ester dans lequel un groupe R est le groupe éthyle et l'autre groupe R est
4. Commutateur à prises à isolant liquide selon la revendication 1, dans lequel le liquide diélectrique contient l'ester dans lequel le groupe R' est un groupe hexyle (C6), heptyle (C7) ou octyle (C8).
5. Commutateur à prises à isolant liquide selon la revendication 4, dans lequel R' est un groupe alkyle à chaîne droite ou ramifiée.
6. Commutateur à prises à isolant liquide selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel le liquide diélectrique contient, comme ester, un ester du pentaérythritol et d'acide heptanoïque ou octanoïque.
7. Commutateur à prises isolant liquide selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, dans lequel le liquide diélectrique contient, comme ester, un ester du triméthylolpropane, du ditriméthylolpropane ou du dipentaérythritol et d'acide heptanoïque ou octanoïque.
8. Commutateur à prises à isolant liquide selon la revendication 1, dans lequel le liquide diélectrique est un mélange de tétraheptanoate de pentaérythritol et de tétraoctanoate de pentaérythritol.
9. Commutateur à prises à isolant liquide selon la revendication 8, dans lequel le liquide diélectrique comprend un mélange d'esters ayant la composition suivante :
10. Application d'un liquide diélectrique contenant un ester ou un mélange d'esters de péntaérythri- tol et d'un acide heptanoïque ou octanoïque,' l'ester ou chaque ester étant un ester complet, à un commutateur à prises à isolant liquide selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes.
11. Application d'un liquide diélectrique, contenant un ester ou un mélange d'esters de triméthylolpropane ou de dipentaérythritol et d'un acide heptanoïque ou octanoïque, l'ester ou chaque ester étant un ester complet, à un commutateur à prises à isolant liquide selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB8512488 | 1985-05-17 | ||
| GB858512488A GB8512488D0 (en) | 1985-05-17 | 1985-05-17 | Fluid-insulated switchgear |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0202878A1 EP0202878A1 (fr) | 1986-11-26 |
| EP0202878B1 true EP0202878B1 (fr) | 1989-02-01 |
Family
ID=10579273
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP19860303735 Expired EP0202878B1 (fr) | 1985-05-17 | 1986-05-16 | Commutateur à prises à isolation par liquide |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0202878B1 (fr) |
| DE (1) | DE3662016D1 (fr) |
| GB (2) | GB8512488D0 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB8905972D0 (en) * | 1989-03-15 | 1989-04-26 | Micanite & Insulators Co Ltd | High temperature transformers |
| US6495071B1 (en) | 1996-02-01 | 2002-12-17 | New Technology Management Co., Ltd. | Method of using electro-sensitive movable fluids |
| DE69717323D1 (de) * | 1996-02-01 | 2003-01-09 | New Technology Man Co | Die Verwendung elektrosensitiver beweglicher Flüssigkeiten, Verfahren zur Verwendung und Motoren für diese elektrosensitiven beweglichen Flüssigkeiten |
| DE102004025939A1 (de) * | 2004-05-27 | 2005-12-22 | Cognis Deutschland Gmbh & Co. Kg | Polyolester für Transformatoren |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3894959A (en) * | 1972-10-17 | 1975-07-15 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Mixed carboxylic acid esters as electrical insulating oils |
| IT1091251B (it) * | 1978-05-25 | 1985-07-06 | Micanite & Insulators Co Ltd | Isolante fluido per apparecchi elettrici ed apparecchi comprendenti tale isolante |
-
1985
- 1985-05-17 GB GB858512488A patent/GB8512488D0/en active Pending
-
1986
- 1986-05-16 GB GB08611961A patent/GB2175311B/en not_active Expired
- 1986-05-16 EP EP19860303735 patent/EP0202878B1/fr not_active Expired
- 1986-05-16 DE DE8686303735T patent/DE3662016D1/de not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB8512488D0 (en) | 1985-06-19 |
| DE3662016D1 (en) | 1989-03-09 |
| GB8611961D0 (en) | 1986-06-25 |
| EP0202878A1 (fr) | 1986-11-26 |
| GB2175311B (en) | 1988-08-10 |
| GB2175311A (en) | 1986-11-26 |
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