EP0202147A1 - Atemschutz- und Ventilationssystem für Fahrzeuge - Google Patents

Atemschutz- und Ventilationssystem für Fahrzeuge Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0202147A1
EP0202147A1 EP86400871A EP86400871A EP0202147A1 EP 0202147 A1 EP0202147 A1 EP 0202147A1 EP 86400871 A EP86400871 A EP 86400871A EP 86400871 A EP86400871 A EP 86400871A EP 0202147 A1 EP0202147 A1 EP 0202147A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
respiratory
mask
generator
gas
board
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP86400871A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0202147B1 (de
Inventor
Henri Casadei
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Bronzavia Air Equipement SA
Original Assignee
Bronzavia Air Equipement SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Bronzavia Air Equipement SA filed Critical Bronzavia Air Equipement SA
Publication of EP0202147A1 publication Critical patent/EP0202147A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0202147B1 publication Critical patent/EP0202147B1/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62B—DEVICES, APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR LIFE-SAVING
    • A62B15/00—Installations affording protection against poisonous or injurious substances, e.g. with separate breathing apparatus

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a ventilation and respiratory protection system intended for use by users of vehicles operating in a contaminated or toxic environment, when they join their vehicles and / or when they are on board their vehicles. , the latter having on board a breathing gas generating unit, also called an on-board regulator.
  • Vehicles whose cabin is called upon to contain a confined atmosphere during their use are provided with a breathing gas generating unit which generally supplies a gaseous mixture enriched in oxygen. This is the case, for example, of certain combat tanks whose cabin is waterproof and whose atmosphere is not naturally renewable, or even aircraft operating at altitudes where the atmosphere is depleted in oxygen. .
  • the mixture breathed by the users is drawn from the external environment and its supply is made by means of at least a first pipe and a mask which is permanently applied to their face.
  • Some of these vehicles are used for national, civil or military defense missions, and are subject to specific conditions of use which can lead users to rapid evacuation. This is, for example, the case of aircraft in distress that pilots must leave urgently.
  • an emergency generator is provided which accompanies them to an altitude where the atmosphere is no longer confined.
  • Another pipe also connects the mask to the generator. It detects the need for respiratory gas. When a vacuum is created by user inspiration, this piping transmits this vacuum to a generator input connected to a vacuum sensor which, when energized, causes the change of state of valves and / or valves then making it possible to inject the respiratory gas towards the mask via said first piping, only during inspirations.
  • a generator therefore comprises at least one respiratory gas outlet, one vacuum inlet and one overpressure outlet, each connected to at least one connecting pipe with the mask.
  • Missions may have to take place in a contaminated or toxic environment due to the presence of various agents in the atmosphere.
  • the production of the gaseous mixture breathed by users is carried out from the outside environment, there are risks that the breathed mixture is contaminated.
  • Autonomous protection assemblies consist of a tight suit and a head protection volume hermetically closed on the suit.
  • the use of filtering suits makes it possible to maintain the respiratory exchanges which take place at the level of the skin. Pulmonary respiration is ensured using bottles containing a pressurized respiratory mixture and connected to a mask.
  • the invention aims to remedy these drawbacks.
  • the system of the invention must therefore ensure ventilation and respiratory protection of a vehicle user, whether he is outside or on board his vehicle, when the ambient environment is contaminated, without modifying the operation of the on-board generator. , without causing discomfort, especially during emergency procedures using pre-established reflexes and / or gestures.
  • This system must therefore ensure the protection of a user who joins his vehicle while crossing a contaminated area, and continue to ensure the protection of the user on board his vehicle, until decontamination. It must also allow, starting from an uncontaminated area; enter a contaminated area, ensure the user's respiratory protection there, and, if necessary, leave his vehicle while he is still in a contaminated area and protect him to an area uncontaminated such as a shelter, for example.
  • Filtering and / or insulating combinations have been made for a long time which allow effective protection at the level of the body except the head. These combinations are already used for example on board aircraft.
  • the head is generally surrounded by a protective helmet or a protective volume which includes inter alia headphones for radio links.
  • the respiratory mask is placed on the user's face.
  • a system for ensuring the ventilation and the respiratory protection of users of vehicles likely to evolve in a contaminated environment, and having an on-board generator to supply a respiratory gas mixture, said users being provided with a combination filtering and / or insulating, and of a head protection assembly comprising in particular a total visor, and breathable thanks to a mask is characterized in that it comprises a member for connecting it to the on-board generator, a first series of elements consisting of means for purifying the gaseous mixture coming from the on-board generator when it is connected to it and for purifying the ambient air when it is not connected to the on-board generator, in order to provide purified respiratory gas, means for directing this purified gas towards the respiratory mask, means for purifying and overpressing the ambient air before directing it inside the head protection volume, a second series of elements comprising in the ego a tube for directing the mixture coming from the on-board generator directly to the mask when it is connected to it, and a control member for exclusively putting the first series of elements
  • the system is characterized in that the means for ensuring the connection of the second assembly to the on-board generator are similar to those making it possible to ensure the direct connection of the mask to the generator when the system is not in place, so that emergency exit procedures are the same whether the system is in place or not.
  • this system avoids having to use a bulky autonomous assembly. Problems of autonomy no longer arise, and it provides effective protection while it is in place. In addition, when in place, it can be unused if necessary. Finally, its presence does not cause any embarrassment or additional constraint for its users.
  • the overpressure inside the head volume prevents ambient air, when it is contaminated, from entering this volume.
  • the parts of the face which are not physically isolated from the external environment cannot be in contact with said environment when the overpressure is applied. Contamination cannot take place.
  • the system has several parts limited by mixed lines.
  • a first part 1 comprises the means 11, 12 for purifying the ambient air and / or the breathed mixture and the air supplied to the head volume of the user, as well as the pressurization means 13 of the latter.
  • the purification means 11, 12 are filter cartridges known per se.
  • the pressurization of the purified air supplied to the head volume is ensured, in the embodiment described, using an electric turbine 13, placed for example at the outlet of the corresponding filter cartridge 12.
  • a turbine 14 is also provided at the outlet of the means 11 for purifying the air or the breathed mixture.
  • the role of this turbine is to overcome the pressure drops generated by the cartridge in order to provide respiratory comfort to the user by preventing him from having to carry out significant inspiration efforts, which would quickly give him some discomfort.
  • this turbine 14 is only started during the inspiratory phases, therefore when the user requests an oxygen supply.
  • a vacuum sensor 15 is provided which controls a switch 16 closing the electrical supply circuit of the turbine 14 during inspirations. At the expiration, the vacuum sensor causes the opening of the switch 16, which removes the electrical supply from the turbine 14. 11 therefore exists a control of the operation of the turbine 14 to the inspiratory phases.
  • the turbines 13 and 14 for pressurizing and compensating for pressure drops are micro-turbines of a known type reaching almost instantaneously high rotational speeds, for example a speed of the order of 15,000 revolutions per minute in 1/10 of a second, and which therefore have significant inertia.
  • the detection of the end of inspiration by the vacuum sensor 15 and the opening of the switch 16 cause the triggering immediate braking of the turbine 14.
  • the braking is either electromagnetic or mechanical. The braking system is not shown in the figures.
  • the cartridge 11 is supplied with air or a respiratory gas mixture via an E11 tube connected to its inlet.
  • the outlet of this cartridge, in the efficiency zone of the pressure drop compensation turbine 14, is connected to a pipe S11.
  • the air cleaning cartridge 12 is supplied directly, and its outlet, in the efficiency zone of the pressurization turbine 13, is connected to a tube S12.
  • Another tube 17 is connected to the vacuum sensor 15.
  • the turbines 13 and 14 are supplied with power when the system is in service, either by means of a battery 2 forming a second part of the system, or by means of the on-board electrical circuit of the vehicle on which it is on board.
  • a socket 18 is provided for connection to the on-board electrical circuit.
  • the first part 1 therefore comprises various electrical conductors C1 for connecting the turbines to the electrical supply.
  • the circuit C1 is arranged so that the pressurization turbine 13 is supplied as soon as the system is in service, and so that the compensation turbine 14 is only supplied when the user inhales during the commissioning phases of the system.
  • Commissioning is carried out using a general switch 41 located in a fourth part 4 described later.
  • the pressurization turbine 13 is therefore supplied as soon as the general switch 41 is closed, while the compensation turbine 14 is only supplied when this general switch 41 and the switch 16 controlled by the vacuum sensor 14 are closed.
  • the battery 2 when the system is connected to the on-board power supply, the battery 2 is switched off, automatically or manually.
  • the battery 2 therefore confers autonomy on the system when the user is not yet on board his vehicle.
  • a third part 3 provides the connection between the first part 1 which therefore comprises the active elements of the system and the fourth part 4 which serves as a connection between the system and the on-board generator.
  • This third part is connected to the first either directly or by a fixing plate P13. It comprises flexible electrical conductors C3, to ensure continuity between the conductors C1 of the first part 1 and the general switch 41 of the fourth part 4, and flexible pipes 31, 32, 33, 34 respectively connected to the pipe 17 supplying the vacuum sensor 15, to the inlet pipe E11 of the cartridge 11 for purifying the gas or the breathed mixture, to the outlet pipe S11 of said cartridge, and finally to the outlet pipe S12 of the cartridge 12 purifying pressurized gas.
  • a plate P34 connects the third and fourth parts 3, 4.
  • an extractor 35 is provided to separate these first three parts from the fourth.
  • the fourth part 4 has the role of ensuring the interconnection between the mask, the source of breathed gas and the purification means. It also has the means to turn the system on or off.
  • This fourth part 4 therefore has the general electrical switch 41 for the commissioning of the turbines.
  • It comprises four pipes 42, 43, 44, 45 intended to be connected to the pipes 31, 32, 33, 34 of the third part 3 to communicate respectively with the vacuum sensor 15, the inlet of the cartridge 11 for cleaning the breathed gas, its outlet and the outlet of the cartridge 12 for purifying the pressurized gas intended for the head volume.
  • Valves 420, 430, 440 are disposed at the inlet of the pipes 42, 43, 44 in order to close them when the third and the fourth part are separated and to allow isolation from the external environment. These valves close automatically when these two parts are separated.
  • a P40 plate allows this part to be fixed to the on-board generator.
  • this plate is fixed in an identical manner to those which are usually used in devices comprising a simple connection of the generator to a respiratory mask. It is also withdrawn identically, for example by means of a manual control 46 in the form of a handle controlling a known latching device.
  • the P40 plate also makes it possible to provide the electrical connections between the on-board radio and the microphone and the headphones located at head level, thanks to C4 conductors.
  • the tubing 42 ensures a connection between the respiratory mask, the vacuum sensor 15 and the inlet of the vacuum generator detection means of the on-board generator.
  • This tubing 42 therefore leads on the one hand to the plate P40, and on the other hand comprises a bypass 421 going towards the respiratory mask to detect depression during inspirations.
  • a pipe 43 leading to the plate P40 has the role of ensuring the connection between the outlet of the generator supplying the respiratory gas and the inlet of the cartridge 11 for purifying this gas, in series with the pipes 32 and E11 of the third and first parts of the system.
  • Another tube 44 ensures the transfer of the purified gas to the user during the inspiratory phases.
  • the tubing 45 makes it possible to continue the transfer to the head volume of the purified and pressurized ambient air, at its outlet from the tubing 34.
  • the gas which enters the pipe 43, coming from the on-board generator or from the outside can be sent directly to the pipe 44 instead of being sent to the purification cartridge 11, thanks to a bypass circuit 441, shown in dashed lines, between the inlet 43 and outlet 44 pipes of the cartridge 11.
  • This circuit 441 is used when the environment in which the vehicle operates is not contaminated.
  • the commissioning of this circuit is carried out using a control member 410 which also acts in a preferred embodiment, on the general switch 41 of the electrical circuit supplying the turbines.
  • the general switch 41 When the circuit 441 is put into service, the general switch 41 is open and vice versa.
  • this circuit is a tube associated for example with at least one valve 442 allowing it to be closed when the medium is contaminated. This valve is controlled by the control member 441. When the valve 442 closes the pipe 441, the gas is directed towards the purification means 11.
  • bypass device 443 associated with a bypass tubing 444 ending on the tubing 43, between the plate P40 and the input of the branch circuit 441.
  • bypass 443 closes the tubing 42 and opens the bypass tubing 444 towards the tubing 43.
  • bypass 443 opens the tubing 42 and closes the bypass 444.
  • bypass 443 is carried out by the control member 410.
  • Another tube 47 makes it possible to bring the compressed gas from the generator to the mask.
  • a fifth part 5 makes it possible to continue the electrical and pneumatic connections between part 4 and the head protection volume 6. It includes flexible pipes 51, 52, 53, 54 and electrical conductors C5.
  • the pipes 51 to 54 respectively complete the connections between the vacuum sensor 15 and the respiratory mask 61, between the supply of respiratory gas and the mask, between the outlet of pressurized purified air and the head volume protected by the visor 62 , and between the booster and the mask.
  • the electrical conductors C5 allow the electrical connections between the headphones 63, the microphone (not shown) and the on-board radio.
  • the head protection volume 6 connected to the fifth part therefore comprises the respiratory mask 61, a total visor 62 and radio link means 63.
  • This Figure 1 therefore shows that the system can be used as is to ensure the purification of ambient air outside a vehicle if necessary, or even to distribute ambient air directly to the user when he is on the ground, in an uncontaminated area, but when it is called upon to subsequently enter a contaminated area.
  • FIG. 1 shows that it is possible to use the system of the invention in or out of the contaminated area while the user is on board his vehicle.
  • the mixture coming from the generator 7 is either purified by the cartridge 11, then brought to the mask during the inspiratory phases, or transmitted directly to the mask by the bypass 441.
  • bypass 443 closes the tubing 42 preventing outside air, contaminated, from reaching the mask 61.
  • a communication is established between the tubing 42 and the tubing 43 via the bypass 444 associated with the bypass 443.
  • This vacuum is then detected by the sensors of the generator 7 and the latter therefore injects respiratory mixture via its outlet 71, in the direction of the inlet of the purification cartridge 11, by means of the pipes 43, 32, E11 placed in series between the output of the generator 7 and the input of the cartridge.
  • the system can be used as is and respects the normal functions of the on-board generator.
  • the decommissioning is carried out by operating the control member 410 to open the electrical switch 41 and allow the passage of ambient air or of the mixture coming from the on-board generator 7 directly by the bypass 441 between the pipes 42 and 44.
  • bypass 443 is in a position where the portion of the tubing 42 on which it is located is open. Tubing 444 is closed.
  • the vacuum during an inspiration is directly transmitted from the mask 61 to the vacuum inlet 72 of the on-board generator 7.
  • the generator injects the mixture at its outlet 71 in the direction of the mask 61 .
  • the extractor 35 makes it possible to leave the active elements on board and ventilation continues to be ensured in a conventional manner by an emergency generator fixed to the seat ejectable.
  • the handle 46 makes it possible to separate the fourth part of the on-board generator.
  • control member 410 automatically returns to the position corresponding to conditions of the contaminated ambient atmosphere to avoid dangerous handling.
  • Figure 3 shows an exploded view of the various components of the system.
  • the two filter cartridges 11, 12 are on a support 111 which contains the turbines, the vacuum sensor and the electrical circuits C1.
  • the battery 2 has terminals 21, 22 which connect to terminals 121, 122 of the support 111.
  • connection to the on-board power station, when the system is on board, is carried out, for example, using a power cord 181 which is connected on the one hand to the plug 18 of the first part and to an outlet 182 from the edge.
  • a support 8 is provided to hold the first part 1 and the battery 2 on board. This support is fixed on a part 9 of the vehicle.
  • the breathing gas 52, overpressure 54 and return 51 pipes to the vacuum sensor 15 are linked together, so that a limited number of elements connects the fourth part 4 to the head volume.
  • the C5 conductors are also linked to these pipes. In one embodiment, these pipes and conductors pass inside a mother pipe 55.
  • pipes are used with a coaxial arrangement which also include the pipe 53.
  • FIG. 4 shows the system when all the elements are fixed on board a vehicle, for example an aircraft.
  • the first part 1, the battery 2 are fixed on an element 9 of the independent edge of the respiratory gas generator 7.
  • the respiratory gas generator 7 is generally connected to the seat of the user, so that in case of ejection a reserve of gas accompanies the user.
  • the extractor 35 fulfills its role and the first part 1, the battery 2, the third part 3 and the plate P34 for connection to the rest of the system remain on board.
  • the shutter valves 420, 430, 440 - ( Figures 1 and 2) then seal the pipes in which they are located so that the user only breathes gas from the emergency generator. In this case, the purification is no longer ensured.
  • the system of the invention therefore provides great advantages over the prior art because it is very flexible to use.

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Pulmonology (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Respiratory Apparatuses And Protective Means (AREA)
EP19860400871 1985-04-29 1986-04-22 Atemschutz- und Ventilationssystem für Fahrzeuge Expired EP0202147B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8506506A FR2580936B1 (fr) 1985-04-29 1985-04-29 Systeme de ventilation et de protection respiratoire p our des utilisateurs de vehicules evoluant en milieu contamine
FR8506506 1985-04-29

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0202147A1 true EP0202147A1 (de) 1986-11-20
EP0202147B1 EP0202147B1 (de) 1989-05-31

Family

ID=9318787

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19860400871 Expired EP0202147B1 (de) 1985-04-29 1986-04-22 Atemschutz- und Ventilationssystem für Fahrzeuge

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0202147B1 (de)
DE (1) DE3663620D1 (de)
ES (1) ES8704353A1 (de)
FR (1) FR2580936B1 (de)

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH181848A (de) * 1935-04-29 1936-01-15 Sulzer Ag Gasschutzanlage.
US3179119A (en) * 1960-06-11 1965-04-20 Normalair Ltd Breathing apparatus
FR2490559A1 (fr) * 1980-09-19 1982-03-26 Draegerwerk Ag Dispositif de ventilation pour vehicules transportant des personnes, notamment chars de combat, ambulances, voitures de commandement et autres similaires

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH181848A (de) * 1935-04-29 1936-01-15 Sulzer Ag Gasschutzanlage.
US3179119A (en) * 1960-06-11 1965-04-20 Normalair Ltd Breathing apparatus
FR2490559A1 (fr) * 1980-09-19 1982-03-26 Draegerwerk Ag Dispositif de ventilation pour vehicules transportant des personnes, notamment chars de combat, ambulances, voitures de commandement et autres similaires

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2580936A1 (fr) 1986-10-31
EP0202147B1 (de) 1989-05-31
ES8704353A1 (es) 1987-04-01
DE3663620D1 (en) 1989-07-06
ES554447A0 (es) 1987-04-01
FR2580936B1 (fr) 1987-05-29

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