EP0200733A1 - Systeme de vaporisation et d'injection de carburant - Google Patents

Systeme de vaporisation et d'injection de carburant

Info

Publication number
EP0200733A1
EP0200733A1 EP85900517A EP85900517A EP0200733A1 EP 0200733 A1 EP0200733 A1 EP 0200733A1 EP 85900517 A EP85900517 A EP 85900517A EP 85900517 A EP85900517 A EP 85900517A EP 0200733 A1 EP0200733 A1 EP 0200733A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fuel
pump
engine
recited
liquid
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP85900517A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
John T. Woods
Margaret H. Woods
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP0200733A1 publication Critical patent/EP0200733A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23K—FEEDING FUEL TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS
    • F23K5/00—Feeding or distributing other fuel to combustion apparatus
    • F23K5/02—Liquid fuel
    • F23K5/14—Details thereof
    • F23K5/20—Preheating devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M31/00—Apparatus for thermally treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture
    • F02M31/02—Apparatus for thermally treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture for heating
    • F02M31/16—Other apparatus for heating fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M53/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by having heating, cooling or thermally-insulating means
    • F02M53/02—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by having heating, cooling or thermally-insulating means with fuel-heating means, e.g. for vaporising
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23K—FEEDING FUEL TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS
    • F23K5/00—Feeding or distributing other fuel to combustion apparatus
    • F23K5/02—Liquid fuel
    • F23K5/04—Feeding or distributing systems using pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B3/00—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition
    • F02B3/06—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition with compression ignition
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

Definitions

  • the invention pertains in general to liquid fuel vaporization and gasification in internal combustion and turbine engines and more specifically to a fuel vaporization and injection system that uses a pump to pressurize the fuel, an electrical heater within the gas line, to elevate the temperature and a throttling valve or nozzle to release the vaporized fuel into the engine intake.
  • the first group uses electrical heaters to vaporize the fuel and are generally located between the fuel pump and the carburetor. Included in this group are the following U.S. patents: PATENT NUMBER INVENTOR ISSUED
  • the primary object of the invention to provide a method for vaporizing fuel with a simple design that employs a minimum number of uncomplicated components.
  • Prior state of the art devices limited the
  • this invention elevates the pres ⁇ sure and temperature of the fuel to the point that when the fuel is released or injected into the ' combustion chamber or charging air, it is totally vaporized into a gas.
  • the invention requires only three major parts: a pump to pressurize the liquid fuel, an electrical resis- tance heater to elevate the temperature of the fuel and a throttling valve or nozzle to release the fuel vapor as required.
  • An important object of the invention is to provide a system that utilizes existing mechanical and electri- cal components for the power source of the heat and pressure to accomplish this function.
  • the pump may be driven by an engine drive shaft used as a power take-off and the heater is energized by the electrical system already providing the necessary power for controls, combustion and starting.
  • the throttling valve is self directed using process pres ⁇ sure or direct demand for its operational function. Other methods of pumping fuel into the heating chamber may be used and in stationary situations public utility electrical power may be utilized for both pumping and heat.
  • Another object of the invention allows a diesel engine to add only direct heat to the highly pressurized fuel developed by the injection pump of the engine. Further, in a turbo jet engine the fuel pump is increased in capacity with only a heater and a special throttling valve added.
  • the gasoline internal combustion engine embodiment requires an upgraded pump plus an injector and a heating chamber to complete the improvement. Boilers and related devices would also require a suit ⁇ able pump, heater and injector.
  • the ultimate object of the instant invention is to change liquid hydrocarbon fuel into a complete vapor.
  • the addition of pressurized liquid fuel elevates the temperature somewhat with the heater developing the final* temperature up to 700° F (357 C) depending on the fuel used, to accomplish this complete change in state from a liquid to a vapor.
  • This invention is also novel in that it uses the intimate contact of the fuel with the heating element in such a manner that one hundred percent of the heat is directly transfered to the fuel, where as prior art imparted only partial energy transfer thru conduction from an external heat source.
  • FIGURE 1 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment incorporated into a diesel fueled internal combustion engine illustrating only the components of the engine affected by the invention.
  • FIGURE 2 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment incorporated into a turbo-jet engine illustrating only the components of the engine affected by the invention.
  • FIGURE 3 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment incorporating a natural aspirated hydrocarbon fueled internal combustion engine illustrating only the co - ponents of the engine affected by the invention.
  • FIGURE 4 is a cross sectional view of the diagram of FIGURE 3 taken along lines 4-4.
  • FIGURE 5 is a cross sectional view of the diagram of FIGURE 3 taken along lines 5-5.
  • FIGURE 6 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment incorporating a boiler.
  • the best mode for carrying out the invention is presented in terms of the inventions applicability to four power units : gasoline and diesel powered internal combustion engines; a turbo-jet engine and a boiler or furnace.
  • the invention con ⁇ sists of three major components, a pump 20, a fuel heater 22 and a valve or nozzle 24.
  • FIGURE 1 illustrates an internal combustion engine schematically with only the components affected by the invention depicted.
  • This embodiment is for a diesel fuel driven engine and indicates the fuel storage tank 26 supplying liquid fuel 28 through a fuel delivery line 30 to the pump 20.
  • the fuel pump 20 is the injector pump utilized by the engine to supply high pressure liquid to the individual cylinders. Categori ⁇ cally, the pump 20 produces pressures from 800 to 2000 pounds per square inch (54.4 to 136 atmpsheres) thereby elevating the temperature of the liquid fuel 28 signifi- cantly.
  • the pump 20 is, in most instances, a rotary positive displacement type having close tolerances between the contiguous surfaces to produce the required pressures and achieve volumetric efficiency.
  • the pump 20 further is driven by the engine itself usually by the camshaft or other rotary shaft allowing the pressure impulse to be timed with the stroke of the individual engine piston.
  • Each liquid fuel heater 22 further contains a body 32 which may be of any shape, etc., having an inlet and outlet connection 38, defining a chamber of a strength to withstand pressures developed by the injector pump 20.
  • a heater element 34 is located within the body 32, in communication with the liquid fuel 28, and consists of a resistance wire such as nickel chromium composition.
  • This wire may be of any configuration, square, round, tubular or any other shape and it may be coiled in spring like fashion or tensionec. longitudinally to allow the proper length for the desired resistance in relation to its diameter.
  • Penetrations 40 through the walls of the heater body 32 allow the heater element 34- to pass through and provide electrical isola- tion therefrom. Insulators 36, shown pictorially in
  • FIGURE 4 isolate the heater element 34 from the body 32 in any suitable manner.
  • These insulators 35 are not shown pictorially in FIGURE 1, however, they are well known in the art.
  • An electrical current is passed through the heating element 34 causing the resistance of the wire to convert the energy to heat.
  • Direct current voltage from the engine system may be utilized or a separate alternating current or direct current generator may be added to the engine.
  • Induction heating, electronic heating (micro ⁇ wave) , or other sources of heat may also be utilized. Further, the heat source is best if it is immersed in ⁇ side fluid, but may also be applied outside fluid flow.
  • the valve or nozzle 24 in diesel engine embodiment is integral with and part of the engine itself being the fuel injectors.
  • Each cylinder employs a separate injector 24 and receives the pressurized and heated fuel through the delivery line 30.
  • the liquid fuel 28 is adiabatically expanded by the sudden pressure drop and the resultant effluent is a fuel in a vapor or gas stage. This complete vaporization enables the diesel engine to operate with almost complete combustion and reduces hydrocarbon emissions as- well as increasing power and reducing fuel consumption.
  • a return line 44 to the tank 26 contains a pressure regulator 46.
  • FIGURE' 2 illustrates the embodiment used with a turbo-jet engine. For simplicity, only a basic-gas
  • the fuel tank 26 and fuel delivery line 30 are basically the same as the diesel system and the pump 20 is similar in that it is a rotary positive displacement type having close tolerances between contiguous surfaces to develop pressures of 600-800 psi (41-54 atmospheres) or as required by the system.
  • This pump 20 may be manifolded to serve a plurality of burners 48 however, in FIGURE 2 only one complete system is illustrated.
  • Individual fuel heaters 22 are disposed in the high pressure liquid fuel delivery line 30 leaving the pump 20. These heaters 22 are again similar in nature and construction as previously described in the diesel system, however, pressure may not be as elevated.
  • the valve or nozzle in this embodiment is a throttling valve 24 and acts in response to an external signal providing the engine with the proper amount of fuel to maintain the desired speed upon demand.
  • This valve 24 provides the modulating orifice between the high pressure side of the system and the lower pressure side allowing adiabatic expansion of the fuel to take place.
  • the valve 24 is short coupled to the combustion chamber 50 of the turbo-jet engine allowing the injection of the fuel vapor and mixing of the intake air to take place in that area.
  • the balance of the turbo-jet engine is unaffected by the addition of further components in the invention other than minor accessories to provide functional capabilities of the above described elements.
  • the engine further includes the compressor 52 and turbine 54 along with the connecting drive 56.
  • FIGURE 3 illustrates an embodiment of the invention employing an internal combustion piston engine using a hydrocarbon fuel such as gasoline.
  • the same basic elements are utilized.
  • the pump 20 as previously described elevates the pressure of the fuel to a degree which will overcome the pressure created by the vaporiz ⁇ ing fuel in the heater, allowing a number of different pump types to be used.
  • the preferred embodiment may use a centri ' fgual type pump with a vane- carrying impeller and a stationary casing. The impeller imparts pressure and kinetic energy to the liquid fuel and the casing guides it to and from the impeller.
  • This pump 20 is driven by the inertial rotation of the inter ⁇ nal combustion engine and is mechanically coupled to a rotating shaft either by direct linkage or by a combina- tion of belts and pulleys.
  • the pump 20 may also be the rotary positive displacement type as previously described
  • the pressurized fuel 28 is directed through the delivery line 30 and the pump 20 through a ball-type check valve 68 and on to the heater 32.
  • the check valve 68 impedes the back flow of the pressurized fuel after the pump has been deenergized by blocking the flow with a spring loaded ball integral with the valve.
  • One embodiment employs an injector valve 24 that is operated by a servo-motor in response to an electrical signal from a computer allowing the valve to modulate upon direct demand thereby regulating the speed of the engine.
  • Another embodiment not illustrated may employ an electric solenoid type mechanically actuated injector controlled in the same manner as above.
  • FIGURE 6 illustrates an embodiment utilizing the same tank 26, pump 20 an ' d heater 22 adapted to a boiler or furnace 66.
  • the injector 24 receives the heated and pressurized fuel and is released directly into the fire ⁇ box of the boiler or furnace where combustion takes place.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
  • Supercharger (AREA)

Abstract

Un système de vaporisation et d'injection de carburant peut s'appliquer aux moteurs à combustion interne à essence ou diesel, dans des moteurs à turboréacteur et dans des chaudières ou des fours. Le système utilise aussi bien la chaleur que la pression, une pompe (20) actionnée par un moteur étant employée pour recevoir le carburant d'un réservoir (26). Le carburant (28) pressurisé par la pompe (20) entre dans un appareil de chauffage (22) contenant un élément chauffant électrique (34) qui fait monter la température du carburant pressurisé. Une buse ou soupape d'injection (24) reçoit le carburant pressurisé et chauffé, le liquide chauffé et pressurisé étant libéré par un orifice intégral de la buse ou soupape et converti en vapeur par expansion adiabatique. Le carburant vaporisé est ensuite amené jusqu'à la chambre de combustion du moteur.
EP85900517A 1984-11-05 1984-11-05 Systeme de vaporisation et d'injection de carburant Withdrawn EP0200733A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/US1984/001809 WO1986002978A1 (fr) 1984-11-05 1984-11-05 Systeme de vaporisation et d'injection de carburant

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0200733A1 true EP0200733A1 (fr) 1986-11-12

Family

ID=22182321

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP85900517A Withdrawn EP0200733A1 (fr) 1984-11-05 1984-11-05 Systeme de vaporisation et d'injection de carburant

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0200733A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1986002978A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4870943A (en) * 1986-07-01 1989-10-03 Bradley Curtis E Thermal liquid pump
DE3901733A1 (de) * 1989-01-21 1990-08-02 Bernd Scheffel Verfahren und vorrichtung fuer fluessige kraftstoffe
DE3919589C1 (en) * 1989-06-15 1990-05-10 Georg 8227 Siegsdorf De Koch-Theinl Diesel motor fuel transport arrangement - has viscosity measuring appts. between fuel injection and delivery pumps and switches on heaters according to viscosity-dependent temp.
US5290238A (en) * 1992-06-10 1994-03-01 Imed Corporation Self priming tubing set for an infusion device
DE4309833C2 (de) * 1993-03-26 1995-04-27 Wuest Manfred Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Betrieb einer Brennkraftmaschine oder Feuerungsstätte
US5730109A (en) * 1995-11-02 1998-03-24 Tag Co., Ltd. Exhaust gas purification system in combustion engine
DE19835864A1 (de) * 1998-08-07 2000-02-10 Michael Spaeth Vorrichtung zur Erwärmung fließfähiger Stoffe und Verfahren zu deren Herstellung
GB2454022A (en) * 2007-10-27 2009-04-29 Uav Engines Ltd Fuel heating apparatus to aid cold starts in low ambient temperatures
ITBO20110464A1 (it) * 2011-07-29 2013-01-30 Magneti Marelli Spa Sistema di alimentazione di carburante per un motore a combustione interna provvisto di un dispositivo di riscaldamento mediante microonde di carburante
WO2023115187A1 (fr) * 2021-12-21 2023-06-29 Robert Bosch Limitada Bougie de préchauffage avec filament exposé pourvue d'un insert et agencement de montage la comprenant

Family Cites Families (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2904027A (en) * 1957-12-13 1959-09-15 Gen Motors Corp Fuel supply system
US3153388A (en) * 1961-12-11 1964-10-20 Usher D Rudik Motor accessory bracket and pump
NL128509C (fr) * 1963-03-18
US3999525A (en) * 1970-11-25 1976-12-28 Robert Bosch G.M.B.H. Apparatus for the cold starting and warming run of spark plug-ignited internal combustion engines
US3762378A (en) * 1971-11-08 1973-10-02 F Bitonti Fuel injection means and process for making same
CA1084367A (fr) * 1978-01-18 1980-08-26 Kevin J. Elliott Rechauffeur de carburant pour moteur a combustion interne
US4325345A (en) * 1979-09-04 1982-04-20 Robert S. Wilkinson Gasoline fuel vaporization system for internal combustion engines
US4424422A (en) * 1980-08-04 1984-01-03 Technar, Inc. Thermostatically controlled electric diesel fuel heater
DE3107141A1 (de) * 1981-02-26 1982-09-09 Kienzle Apparate Gmbh, 7730 Villingen-Schwenningen Anordnung zum kuehlen des kraftstoffs in einem betriebssystem eines dieselmotors mit einem geschlossenen einspritzkreislauf
US4423716A (en) * 1981-11-16 1984-01-03 Ennco Inc. Fuel system for internal combustion engines

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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Title
See references of WO8602978A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO1986002978A1 (fr) 1986-05-22

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