EP0200099A2 - Control circuit for an electromagnetic relay to interrupt an AC circuit under tension - Google Patents
Control circuit for an electromagnetic relay to interrupt an AC circuit under tension Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0200099A2 EP0200099A2 EP86105271A EP86105271A EP0200099A2 EP 0200099 A2 EP0200099 A2 EP 0200099A2 EP 86105271 A EP86105271 A EP 86105271A EP 86105271 A EP86105271 A EP 86105271A EP 0200099 A2 EP0200099 A2 EP 0200099A2
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- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- voltage
- relay
- control circuit
- zero crossing
- supply voltage
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
- H01H9/54—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere
- H01H9/56—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere for ensuring operation of the switch at a predetermined point in the ac cycle
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H47/00—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current
- H01H47/02—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current for modifying the operation of the relay
- H01H47/04—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current for modifying the operation of the relay for holding armature in attracted position, e.g. when initial energising circuit is interrupted; for maintaining armature in attracted position, e.g. with reduced energising current
- H01H47/043—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current for modifying the operation of the relay for holding armature in attracted position, e.g. when initial energising circuit is interrupted; for maintaining armature in attracted position, e.g. with reduced energising current making use of an energy accumulator
Definitions
- the invention relates to a control circuit for an electromagnetic relay for switching an AC voltage load circuit, wherein the zero crossing of the AC voltage is sensed via a phase detector and a semiconductor switch located in the control circuit of the relay is controlled in dependence on the phase of the AC voltage.
- Electromagnetic relays are generally excellently suited for switching electrical loads on the AC network, their high dielectric strength for separating the control and load circuits and their insensitivity to voltage peaks and current peaks having a particularly advantageous effect in the switched load circuit.
- the errors that usually occur in semiconductors in the load circuit cannot arise with relays, which often reduces the monitoring effort.
- relays that switch AC loads also have problems and disadvantages.
- the contact life is severely impaired by high cold currents, especially when switching on incandescent lamp loads, and when switching off due to arcing until the following mains voltage zero crossing.
- the object of the invention is to provide a control circuit of the type mentioned, switching of the relay near the zero crossing of the alternating load voltage being achievable with relatively little circuit complexity, so that the service life of the relay contacts can be increased considerably.
- this object is achieved in that the one connection point of the relay winding is connected to ground potential via the switching path of the semiconductor switch and to a DC supply voltage via a reverse-polarized diode, in that the other connection point of the relay winding is connected to ground potential via a capacitor and via a resistor is connected to the DC supply voltage and that the DC supply voltage is significantly higher than the nominal voltage of the relay winding.
- the invention makes use of the knowledge that a relay not only responds faster when overexcited, that is, when excited with an excessive control voltage, but that the spread of the response times can also be greatly reduced.
- the relay winding is applied to such an overvoltage.
- the special type of circuit ensures at the same time that the overvoltage is reduced very quickly, so that at the latest after the relay armature has been tightened, only a voltage is present at the winding which at most corresponds to the nominal voltage or preferably never more than this. Due to the small fluctuation in the response times, the point in time for the activation can then be determined quite precisely, which can be done with conventional semiconductor switching means.
- the dimensioning of the DC supply voltage and the circuit components naturally depends on the properties of the relay and also on how exactly the zero point control is desired.
- an embodiment has proven to be advantageous in which the DC supply voltage is twice as high as the nominal voltage of the relay winding, a fluctuation range of the response time of 2 ms being set by appropriately dimensioning the capacitor and the resistor.
- the resistance can be coordinated with the relay winding so that, for example, only a holding voltage of approximately 2/3 of the nominal voltage is applied to the relay winding after the response.
- FIG. 1 shows a load circuit with an incandescent lamp L which is connected between a phase conductor P and a neutral conductor N via a contact k.
- An AC voltage U w is present at the phase conductor P.
- the contact k is part of a relay with the winding K, which is connected between the two connection points 1 and 2.
- a diode D1 is connected in the reverse direction between a supply voltage U and point 1, while a resistor R1 is connected between point 2 and supply voltage U v .
- the collector-emitter path of a transistor TR lies between point 1 and the ground potential, while at the other terminal of the relay winding a capacitor C1 is connected between point 2 and the ground potential.
- the relay is controlled by a lamp signal Is, which is applied to the base of the transistor TR via a synchronization memory SP in the form of a D flip-flop and a series resistor R2.
- the synchronous memory SP is driven by a clock which is derived from a zero crossing sampling of the alternating voltage U w .
- the alternating voltage U w is supplied to a phase detector PD, which generates a pulse i1 at each zero crossing of the voltage.
- These pulses i1 are delayed by a certain time via a delay element VG, so that the pulses i2 emitted at the output of the delay element VG are each before the next zero crossing by the expected response time of the relay.
- the lamp signal Is present at the input D of the memory SP is switched through to the output Q, making the transistor TR conductive.
- FIG. 2 shows the voltage and current profile at the relay in an exemplary embodiment with the dimensions given in brackets in FIG. 1.
- a DC supply voltage U v of 24 V is used for a relay K with the nominal voltage 12 V and a winding resistance of 215 ohms.
- Resistor R1 has a value of 390 ohms and capacitor C1 has a capacitance of 22 uF.
- the excitation current I K decays to the value determined by the direct voltage U v and the resistors R1 and K and reaches approximately the response current of the relay (approx. 40 mA).
- the relay contact k closes approx. 2.5 ms to 4.5 ms after the time T s at which the transistor became conductive (6.5 ms after T o ). The next zero crossing at time T a thus coincides approximately with the closing of the contact.
- the relay contact opens approx. 2.0 ms to 3.0 ms after transistor TR is blocked (tolerances included) and thus approx. 1.5 to 0.5 ms before the next zero crossing at time T o of the mains voltage wave. This ensures that the lamp load is in any case switched off shortly before the zero crossing, so that an arc which may still occur is extinguished in the zero crossing of the mains half-wave, ie can no longer be present.
- the inrush current of the incandescent lamp can be reduced to approximately 1/10 of the maximum value and the arc bit can be shortened to the short duration (in the example, a maximum of 1.5 ms) until the zero crossing. In this way, the contact life can be increased significantly.
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Ansteuerschaltung für ein elektromagnetisches Relais zum Schalten eines Wechselspannungs-Lastkreises, wobei der Nulldurchgang der Wechselspannung über einen Phasendetektor abgetastet und ein im Steuerkreis des Relais liegender Halbleiterschalter in zeitlicher Abhängigkeit von der Phasenlage der Wechselspannung gesteuert wird.The invention relates to a control circuit for an electromagnetic relay for switching an AC voltage load circuit, wherein the zero crossing of the AC voltage is sensed via a phase detector and a semiconductor switch located in the control circuit of the relay is controlled in dependence on the phase of the AC voltage.
Elektromagnetische Relais eignen sich allgemein hervorragend zum Schalten elektrischer Lasten am Wechselstromnetz, wobei ihre hohe Spannungsfestigkeit zur Trennung von Steuer-und Lastkreis sowie ihre Unempfindlichkeit gegenüber Spannungsspitzen und Stromspitzen im geschalteten Lastkreis besonders vorteilhaft zur Wirkung kommen. Auch die üblicherweise bei Halbleitern im Lastkreis auftretenden Fehler können bei Relais nicht entstehen, was häufig den Überwachungsaufwand senkt. Allerdings treten bei Relais, die Wechselstromlasten schalten, auch Probleme und Nachteile auf. So wird die Kontaktlebensdauer besonders beim Einschalten von Glühlampenlasten durch hohe Kaltströme und beim Ausschalten durch Lichtbogenbildung bis zum folgenden Netzspannungsnulldurchgang stark beeinträchtigt.Electromagnetic relays are generally excellently suited for switching electrical loads on the AC network, their high dielectric strength for separating the control and load circuits and their insensitivity to voltage peaks and current peaks having a particularly advantageous effect in the switched load circuit. The errors that usually occur in semiconductors in the load circuit cannot arise with relays, which often reduces the monitoring effort. However, relays that switch AC loads also have problems and disadvantages. The contact life is severely impaired by high cold currents, especially when switching on incandescent lamp loads, and when switching off due to arcing until the following mains voltage zero crossing.
Es wurde bereits wiederholt versucht, die Kontaktlebensdauer von Relais beim Schalten von Wechselspannungslasten durch Verlegung des Schaltzeitpunktes in den Nullpunkt der Wechselspannung zu verlängern. Da das Relais jeweils nach dem Einschalten bzw. Ausschalten der Erregerspannung eine bestimmte Ansprechzeit bzw. Abfallzeit benötigt, bis der Kontakt des Lastkreises schließt bzw. öffnet, muß für diesen Fall die Relaiswicklung um diese Zeit vor dem Nulldurchgang an die Steuerspannung angelegt bzw. von ihr abgetrennt werden. Der Nulldurchgang der Wechselspannung läßt sich zwar exakt ermitteln, und es ließe sich über Zeitglieder auch ein exakter Schaltzeitpunkt vor dem Nulldurchgang festlegen, doch können derartige Schaltungen bisher deshalb nicht allgemein mit Erfolg eingesetzt werden, weil die Ansprechzeiten der Relais sehr stark streuen, auch innerhalb ein und derselben Type. Diese Streuungen der Ansprechzeiten liegen nicht selten in der Größenordnung einer Wechselstrom-Halbwelle, so daß die für ein Relais ermittelte Ansprechzeit nicht auf das nächste gleich Typs übertragen werden kann. Aber auch bei ein und demselben Relais - schwanken die Ansprechzeiten, insbesondere aufgrund der Umgebungsbedingungen und infolge von Alterung.Attempts have repeatedly been made to extend the contact life of relays when switching AC voltage loads by moving the switching time to the zero point of the AC voltage. Since the relay requires a specific response time or fall time after the excitation voltage is switched on or off, until the contact of the load circuit closes or opens, in this case the relay winding must be applied to the control voltage or by it at this time before the zero crossing be separated. The zero crossing of the AC voltage can be determined exactly, and an exact switching time before the zero crossing could also be determined via timers, but such circuits have so far not been successfully used because the response times of the relays vary widely, even within and the same type. These variations in the response times are often on the order of an AC half-wave, so that the response time determined for one relay cannot be transferred to the next of the same type. But even with one and the same relay - the response times fluctuate, especially due to the ambient conditions and due to aging.
Um das Problem der Kontaktmaterialwanderung bei gleicher Polarität der geschalteten Spannung im Schaltaugenblick zu umgehen, wird in der US-PS 3,707,634 vorgeschlagen, ein Relais unabhängig vom tatsächlichen Nulldurchgang der Wechselspannung im Lastkreis jeweils abwechselnd so zu schalten, daß bei jedem Schaltvorgang gegenüber dem vorhergehenden eine um 180° versetzte Phasenlage besteht. Damit soll erreicht werden., daß die Materialwanderung der Kontaktoberflächen sich nach jedem Schaltvorgang umkehrt und so der Kontaktverschleiß bis zu einem gewissen Grad kompensiert wird. Eine derartige Schaltung erfordert jedoch nicht nur einen erhöhten Aufwand an Meß-und Schaltelementen, sondern es ist auch bekannt, daß durch die Materialwanderungen in zwei entgegengesetzten Richtungen trotzdem nicht wieder die ursprüngliche Kontaktoberfläche hergestellt wird, so daß die Verlängerung der Lebensdauer nicht in zufriedenstellender Weise erreicht wird.In order to avoid the problem of contact material migration with the same polarity of the switched voltage at the moment of switching, it is proposed in US Pat. No. 3,707,634 to switch a relay independently of the actual zero crossing of the alternating voltage in the load circuit in such a way that each switching operation has one switch over the previous one There is a phase shift of 180 °. The aim of this is to ensure that the material migration of the contact surfaces is reversed after each switching operation and so the contact wear is compensated to a certain extent. However, such a circuit not only requires an increased outlay on measuring and switching elements, but it is also known that the material contact in two opposite directions does not nevertheless restore the original contact surface, so that the extension of the service life is not achieved in a satisfactory manner becomes.
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, eine Ansteuerschaltung der eingangs genannten Art zu schaffen, wobei mit relativ geringem Schaltungsaufwand ein Schalten des Relais nahe am Nulldurchgang der Last-Wechselspannung erzielbar ist, so daß die Lebensdauer der Relaiskontakte beträchtlich erhöht werden kann.The object of the invention is to provide a control circuit of the type mentioned, switching of the relay near the zero crossing of the alternating load voltage being achievable with relatively little circuit complexity, so that the service life of the relay contacts can be increased considerably.
Erfindungsgemäß wird diese Aufgabe dadurch gelöst, daß der eine Anschlußpunkt der Relaiswicklung über die Schaltstrecke des Halbleiterschalters gegen Massepotential und über eine in Sperrichtung gepolte Diode an eine Versorgungs-Gleichspannung geschaltet ist, daß der andere Anschlußpunkt der Relaiswicklung über einen Kondensator an Massepotential und über einen Widerstand an die Versorgungs-Gleichspannung angeschaltet ist und daß die Versorgungs-Gleichspannung wesentlich höher ist als die Nennspannung der Relaiswicklung.According to the invention, this object is achieved in that the one connection point of the relay winding is connected to ground potential via the switching path of the semiconductor switch and to a DC supply voltage via a reverse-polarized diode, in that the other connection point of the relay winding is connected to ground potential via a capacitor and via a resistor is connected to the DC supply voltage and that the DC supply voltage is significantly higher than the nominal voltage of the relay winding.
Die Erfindung macht sich dabei die Erkenntnis zunutze, daß ein Relais bei Übererregung, also bei Erregung mit einer überhöhten Steuerspannung, nicht nur schneller anspricht, sondern daß dabei auch die Streuung der Ansprechzeiten sehr stark verringert werden kann. Mit der erfindungsgemäßen Schaltungsanordnung wird die Relaiswicklung an eine derartige Überspannung angelegt. wobei durch die spezielle Art der Schaltung gleichzeitig sichergestellt ist, daß die Überspannung sehr schnell abgebaut wird, so daß spätestens nach dem Anziehen des Relaisankers an der Wicklung nur noch eine Spannung anliegt, die allenfalls der Nennspannung entspricht oder vorzugsweise niedriger als diese ist. Durch die geringe Schwankung der Ansprechzeiten läßt sich dann der Zeitpunkt für die Ansteuerung ziemlich exakt festlegen, was mit üblichen Halbleiter-Schaltmitteln erfolgen kann.The invention makes use of the knowledge that a relay not only responds faster when overexcited, that is, when excited with an excessive control voltage, but that the spread of the response times can also be greatly reduced. With the circuit arrangement according to the invention, the relay winding is applied to such an overvoltage. the special type of circuit ensures at the same time that the overvoltage is reduced very quickly, so that at the latest after the relay armature has been tightened, only a voltage is present at the winding which at most corresponds to the nominal voltage or preferably never more than this. Due to the small fluctuation in the response times, the point in time for the activation can then be determined quite precisely, which can be done with conventional semiconductor switching means.
Beim Abschalten der Steuerspannung ergibt sich ein vergleichbarer Effekt, da im Abschaltzeitpunkt nach dem Induktionsgesetz zunächst eine erhöhte Spannung in Gegenrichtung an der Relaiswicklung anliegt, die sich durch den Strom über die Diode und den Widerstand und über die Diode und den Kondensator sehr schnell abbaut, was die Abfallzeit verkürzt. Damit läßt sich auch beim Abschalten der Wechselstromlast der Schaltzeitpunkt des Kontakts kurz vor den Nullpunkt verlegen, so daß keine oder nur geringe Lichtbögen auftreten können.When the control voltage is switched off, there is a comparable effect, since at the time of the switch-off according to the law of induction there is initially an increased voltage in the opposite direction at the relay winding, which quickly degrades due to the current via the diode and the resistor and via the diode and the capacitor, which the fall time is shortened. This means that the switching time of the contact can be moved shortly before the zero point even when the AC load is switched off, so that no or only slight arcs can occur.
Die Dimensionierung der Versorgungs-Gleichspannung und der Schaltungsbauelemente hängt natürlich von den Eigenschaften des Relais und auch davon ab, wie genau die Nullpunktansteuerung gewünscht wird. Es hat sich jedoch eine Ausführungsform als vorteilhaft erwiesen, bei der die Versorgungs-Gleichspannung doppelt so hoch ist wie die Nennspannung der Relaiswicklung, wobei durch entsprechende Dimensionierung des Kondensators und des Widerstandes eine Schwankungsbreite der Ansprechzeit von 2 ms eingestellt wurde. Dabei kann der Widerstand mit der Relaiswicklung so abgestimmt werden, daß beispielsweise nach dem Ansprechen lediglich eine Haltespannung von etwa 2/3 der Nennspannung an der Relaiswicklung anliegt.The dimensioning of the DC supply voltage and the circuit components naturally depends on the properties of the relay and also on how exactly the zero point control is desired. However, an embodiment has proven to be advantageous in which the DC supply voltage is twice as high as the nominal voltage of the relay winding, a fluctuation range of the response time of 2 ms being set by appropriately dimensioning the capacitor and the resistor. The resistance can be coordinated with the relay winding so that, for example, only a holding voltage of approximately 2/3 of the nominal voltage is applied to the relay winding after the response.
Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend an einem Ausführungsbeispiel anhand der Zeichnung näher erläutert. Es zeigt
- Fig. 1 eine erfindungsgemäße Ansteuerschaltung für ein Relais,
- Fig. 2 ein Zeitdiagramm für den an der Relaiswicklung anliegenden Spannungs-und Stromverlauf.
- 1 shows an inventive control circuit for a relay,
- 2 shows a time diagram for the voltage and current profile applied to the relay winding.
Die Fig. 1 zeigt einen Lastkreis mit einer Glühlampe L, die über einen Kontakt k zwischen einen Phasenleiter P und einen Nulleiter N geschaltet wird. An dem Phasenleiter P liegt eine Wechselspannung Uw an.1 shows a load circuit with an incandescent lamp L which is connected between a phase conductor P and a neutral conductor N via a contact k. An AC voltage U w is present at the phase conductor P.
Der Kontakt k ist Teil eines Relais mit der Wicklung K, die zwischen die beiden Anschlußpunkte 1 und 2 geschaltet ist. Zwischen einer Versorgungsspannung U und dem Punkt 1 ist eine Diode D1 in Sperrichtung geschaltet, während zwischen dem Punkt 2 und der Versorgungsspannung Uv ein Widerstand R1 liegt. Außerdem liegt die Kollektor-Emitter-Strecke eines Transistors TR zwischen dem Punkt 1 und dem Massepotential, während am anderen Anschluß der Relaiswicklung ein Kondensator C1 zwischen dem Punkt 2 und das Massepotential geschaltet ist. Das Relais wird über ein Lampensignal Is angesteuert, welches über einen Synchronisierspeicher SP in Form eines D-Flipflops und einen Vorwiderstand R2 an die Basis des Transistors TR angelegt wird.The contact k is part of a relay with the winding K, which is connected between the two
Der Synchronspeicher SP wird über einen Takt angesteuert, der aus einer Nulldurchgangsabtastung der Wechselspannung Uw abgeleitet ist. Zu diesem Zweck wird die Wechselspannung Uw einem Phasendetektor PD zugeführt, der bei jedem Nulldurchgang der Spannung einen Impuls i1 erzeugt. Diese Impulse i1 werden über ein Verzögerungsglied VG um eine bestimmte Zeit verzögert, so daß die am Ausgang des Verzögerungsgliedes VG abgegebenen Impulse i2 jeweils um die voraussichtliche Ansprechzeit des Relais vor dem nächsten Nulldurchgang liegen. Mit einem solchen Impuls i2 wird also das am Eingang D des Speichers SP anstehende Lampensignal Is zum Ausgang Q durchgeschaltet, womit der Transistor TR leitend wird.The synchronous memory SP is driven by a clock which is derived from a zero crossing sampling of the alternating voltage U w . For this purpose, the alternating voltage U w is supplied to a phase detector PD, which generates a pulse i1 at each zero crossing of the voltage. These pulses i1 are delayed by a certain time via a delay element VG, so that the pulses i2 emitted at the output of the delay element VG are each before the next zero crossing by the expected response time of the relay. With such a pulse i2, the lamp signal Is present at the input D of the memory SP is switched through to the output Q, making the transistor TR conductive.
Fig. 2 zeigt den Spannungs-und Stromverlauf am Relais bei einem Ausführungsbeispiel mit der in Fig. 1 in Klammern angegebenen Dimensionierung. Danach wird also eine Versorgungs-Gleichspannung Uv von 24 V bei einem Relais K mit der Nennspannung 12 V und einem Wicklungswiderstand von 215 Ohm verwendet. Der Widerstand R1 hat einen Wert von 390 Ohm und der Kondensator C1 eine Kapazität von 22 uF.FIG. 2 shows the voltage and current profile at the relay in an exemplary embodiment with the dimensions given in brackets in FIG. 1. Thereafter, a DC supply voltage U v of 24 V is used for a relay K with the
In Fig. 2 ist hierzu über der Zeitachse t der Zustand des Speicherausgangs Q, entsprechend dem Durchschaltzustand des Transistors TR, dargestellt. Wenn Q den Wert 1 annimmt, ist der Transistor leitend, ist Q = 0, ist der Transistor TR gesperrt. Darunter sind die Spannungsverläufe U, am Punkt 1 der Relaiswicklung K und U2 am Punkt 2 der Relaiswicklung gezeigt, außerdem der Stromverlauf IK durch die Relaiswicklung. Schließlich ist noch der Schaltzustand des Kontaktes k angegeben; im Zustand 0 ist der Kontakt offen, im Zustand 1 ist er geschlossen.2 shows the state of the memory output Q, corresponding to the on-state of the transistor TR, over the time axis t. If Q takes the value 1, the transistor is conductive, if Q = 0, the transistor TR is blocked. Below this are shown the voltage profiles U, at point 1 of the relay winding K and U 2 at
Auf der Zeitachse sind verschiedene Zeitpunkte in Abhängigkeit vom jeweiligen Nulldurchgang der Wechselspannung Uw angegeben, wobei der Zeitpunkt des Nulldurchgangs jeweils mit To bezeichnet ist. Nimmt man an, daß eine Wechselspannung von 50 Hz verwendet wird, so erfolgt alle 10 ms ein-Nulldurchgang. Durch die angegebene Überspannung wird erreicht, daß der Relaiskontakt ca. 2,5 ms bis 4,5 ms, nachdem der Transistor TR leitend geworden ist, schließt; dabei sind Prellzeiten und Toleranzen bereits eingeschlossen. Die Schaltung mit dem Verzögerungsglied VG wird also so eingestellt, daß der Transistor jeweils- 6,5 ms nach einem Nulldurchgang der Wechselspannung leitend gesteuert wird. Dann schließt der Relaiskontakt in der Zeit zwischen 1 ms vor und 1 ms nach dem nächsten Nulldurchgang.Various times are indicated on the time axis as a function of the respective zero crossing of the alternating voltage U w , the time of the zero crossing being designated by T o in each case. Assuming that an alternating voltage of 50 Hz is used, a zero crossing occurs every 10 ms. The specified overvoltage ensures that the relay contact closes approximately 2.5 ms to 4.5 ms after the transistor TR has become conductive; bounce times and tolerances are already included. The circuit with the delay element VG is So set so that the transistor is controlled - 6.5 ms after a zero crossing of the AC voltage. Then the relay contact closes between 1 ms before and 1 ms after the next zero crossing.
Solange der Transistor TR gesperrt ist, ist der Kondensator C1 voll aufgeladen, so daß an beiden Enden der Relaiswicklung K jeweils die volle Spannung von 24 V anliegt (U, = U2 = 24 V). Zum Zeitpunkt 6,5 ms nach To wird der Transistor TR leitend, und die Spannung U, am Punkt 1 fällt praktisch auf 0. Damit entlädt sich der geladene Kondensator C1 über die Wicklung K bis auf ca. 8,5 V entsprechend dem Spannungsteilerverhältnis zwischen R1 und K. Bei dieser Entladung entsteht zunächst eine Stromspitze des Stroms IK -mit einer Einsattelung im Augenblick der Ankerbewegung -, die das Relais schnell anziehen läßt. Dann klingt der Erregerstrom IK auf den von der Gleichspannung Uv und den Widerständen von R1 und K bestimmten Wert ab und erreicht etwa den Ansprechstrom des Relais (ca. 40 mA). Wie erwähnt, - schließt der Relaiskontakt k ca. 2,5 ms bis 4,5 ms nach dem Zeitpunkt Ts, zu dem der Transistor leitend wurde (6,5 ms nach To). Der nächste Nulldurchgang zum Zeitpunkt Ta fällt also annähernd mit dem Schließen des Kontaktes zusammen.As long as the transistor TR is blocked, the capacitor C1 is fully charged, so that the full voltage of 24 V is present at both ends of the relay winding K (U, = U 2 = 24 V). At the time 6.5 ms after T o , the transistor TR becomes conductive and the voltage U 1 at point 1 practically drops to 0. The charged capacitor C1 thus discharges via the winding K to approximately 8.5 V in accordance with the voltage divider ratio between R1 and K. During this discharge, a current peak of the current I K - with a saddle at the moment of the armature movement - arises, which allows the relay to pick up quickly. Then the excitation current I K decays to the value determined by the direct voltage U v and the resistors R1 and K and reaches approximately the response current of the relay (approx. 40 mA). As mentioned, the relay contact k closes approx. 2.5 ms to 4.5 ms after the time T s at which the transistor became conductive (6.5 ms after T o ). The next zero crossing at time T a thus coincides approximately with the closing of the contact.
Beim Ausschalten der Lampe L wird der leitende Transistor TR über das auf 0 gefallene Signal Q gesperrt, und zwar wiederum zum Zeitpunkt Ts, d. h. 6,5 ms nach dem Nulldurchgang im Zeitpunkt To. Die im Relais gespeicherte Energie hat infolge der zunächst hohen Spannung am Relais - (U2 -U, = 24 V -8 V = 16 V) durch die Relaiswicklung über D1 und R1 bzw. über C1 und D1 einen rasch abklingenden Strom IK zur Folge, der das Relais schnell abfallen läßt. Relaistoleranzen und Toleranzen der Versorgungsspannung Uv beeinflussen die Abfallzeit wenig. Trotz der höheren Spannung an K steigt dabei die Kollektor-Emitter-Spannung U, nur um eine (vemachlässigbare) Diodenspannung über die Versorgungsspannung Uv von 24 V an. Der Relaiskontakt öffnet in diesem Fall ca. 2,0 ms bis 3,0 ms nach Sperrung des Transistors TR (Toleranzen eingeschlossen) und somit ca. 1,5 bis 0,5 ms vor dem nächsten Nulldurchgang zum Zeitpunkt To der Netzspannungswelle. Damit ist sichergestellt, daß die Lampenlast in jedem Fall kurz vor dem Nulldurchgang abgeschaltet wird, so daß ein gegebenenfalls noch auftretender Lichtbogen im Nulldurchgang der Netzhalbwelle gelöscht wird, also nicht länger anstehen kann.When the lamp L is switched off, the conductive transistor TR is blocked by the signal Q which has fallen to 0, again at the time T s , ie 6.5 ms after the zero crossing at the time T o . Due to the initially high voltage at the relay - (U 2 -U, = 24 V -8 V = 16 V), the energy stored in the relay has a rapidly decaying current I K through the relay winding via D1 and R1 or via C1 and D1 Consequence that drops the relay quickly. Relay tolerances and tolerances of the supply voltage U v have little influence on the fall time. Despite the higher voltage at K, the collector-emitter voltage U rises only by a (negligible) diode voltage above the supply voltage U v of 24 V. In this case, the relay contact opens approx. 2.0 ms to 3.0 ms after transistor TR is blocked (tolerances included) and thus approx. 1.5 to 0.5 ms before the next zero crossing at time T o of the mains voltage wave. This ensures that the lamp load is in any case switched off shortly before the zero crossing, so that an arc which may still occur is extinguished in the zero crossing of the mains half-wave, ie can no longer be present.
Durch die erfindungsgemäße Ansteuerschaltung kann der Einschaltstrom der Glühlampe bis auf etwa 1/10 des maximalen Wertes erniedrigt und die Lichtbogenbitdung auf die kurze Dauer (im Beispiel maximal 1,5 ms) bis zum Nulldurchgang verkürzt werden. Auf diese Weise läßt sich die Kontaktlebensdauer wesentlich erhöhen.By means of the control circuit according to the invention, the inrush current of the incandescent lamp can be reduced to approximately 1/10 of the maximum value and the arc bit can be shortened to the short duration (in the example, a maximum of 1.5 ms) until the zero crossing. In this way, the contact life can be increased significantly.
Claims (5)
daß der andere Anschlußpunkt (2) der Relaiswicklung (K) über einen Kondensator (C1) an Massepotential und über einen Widerstand (R1) an die Versorgungs-Gleichspannung (Uy) angeschaltet ist und
daß die Versorgungs-Gleichspannung (Uy) wesentlich höher ist als die Nennspannung (UN) der Relaiswicklung (K).1.Control circuit for an electromagnetic relay for switching an AC voltage load circuit, the zero crossing of the AC voltage being sensed via a phase detector and a semiconductor switch located in the control circuit of the relay being controlled in dependence on the phase of the AC voltage, characterized in that the one connection point ( 1) the relay winding (K) is connected to ground potential via the switching path of the semiconductor switch (TR) and via a reverse-polarity diode (D1) to a DC supply voltage (Uy),
that the other connection point (2) of the relay winding (K) is connected via a capacitor (C1) to ground potential and via a resistor (R1) to the DC supply voltage (Uy) and
that the DC supply voltage (Uy) is significantly higher than the nominal voltage (U N ) of the relay winding (K).
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AT86105271T ATE67341T1 (en) | 1985-04-19 | 1986-04-16 | CONTROL CIRCUIT FOR AN ELECTROMAGNETIC RELAY FOR SWITCHING AN AC LOAD CIRCUIT. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE3514300 | 1985-04-19 | ||
| DE3514300 | 1985-04-19 |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0200099A2 true EP0200099A2 (en) | 1986-11-05 |
| EP0200099A3 EP0200099A3 (en) | 1989-05-17 |
| EP0200099B1 EP0200099B1 (en) | 1991-09-11 |
Family
ID=6268682
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP86105271A Expired - Lifetime EP0200099B1 (en) | 1985-04-19 | 1986-04-16 | Control circuit for an electromagnetic relay to interrupt an ac circuit under tension |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0200099B1 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE67341T1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3681326D1 (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3739811A1 (en) * | 1987-11-24 | 1989-06-08 | Norbert Dipl Ing Suttner | Circuit arrangement for protecting the electrical power supply to installations or apparatuses |
| DE4231242A1 (en) * | 1992-09-18 | 1994-03-24 | Buderus Heiztechnik Gmbh | Reducing wear of electromechanical relay - using controlled switching in and switching out points for switching load related to voltage and current zero transitions |
| EP0818241A1 (en) * | 1996-07-09 | 1998-01-14 | SCHLEICHER & Co. INTERNATIONAL AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT | Document shredder |
| WO2013189517A1 (en) * | 2012-06-19 | 2013-12-27 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Electromagnetic relay having shortened switching duration |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102005051762A1 (en) * | 2005-10-27 | 2007-05-03 | Steinel Gmbh | Device for producing a switching connection between a connection contact for an electrical load and an alternating voltage network connection comprises units for detecting a current flowing during a connection and a control unit |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1072678B (en) * | 1958-07-23 | 1960-01-07 | Siemens-Schuckertwerke Aktiengesellschaft, Berlin Und Erlangen | Device for the synchronous switching off of a switch |
| DE2143292A1 (en) * | 1971-08-11 | 1973-03-08 | Jaques Rouvet | DEVICE FOR SWITCHING THE POWER WITH MAGNETIC OR ELECTROMAGNETIC ACTUATION, SUCH AS SWITCHES AND RELAYS |
| DE2929261A1 (en) * | 1979-07-17 | 1981-02-05 | Licentia Gmbh | Relay operating circuit for high resistance power source - has relay operating RC circuit initiated by second RC circuit which switches transistor |
| FR2488036A3 (en) * | 1980-07-31 | 1982-02-05 | Landis & Gyr Ag | MOUNTING AND OPERATING DEVICE OF AN ELECTROMAGNET |
| EP0108538A1 (en) * | 1982-10-23 | 1984-05-16 | Hawker Siddeley Revenue Controls Limited | Zero crossing circuit |
-
1986
- 1986-04-16 EP EP86105271A patent/EP0200099B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1986-04-16 AT AT86105271T patent/ATE67341T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1986-04-16 DE DE8686105271T patent/DE3681326D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1072678B (en) * | 1958-07-23 | 1960-01-07 | Siemens-Schuckertwerke Aktiengesellschaft, Berlin Und Erlangen | Device for the synchronous switching off of a switch |
| DE2143292A1 (en) * | 1971-08-11 | 1973-03-08 | Jaques Rouvet | DEVICE FOR SWITCHING THE POWER WITH MAGNETIC OR ELECTROMAGNETIC ACTUATION, SUCH AS SWITCHES AND RELAYS |
| DE2929261A1 (en) * | 1979-07-17 | 1981-02-05 | Licentia Gmbh | Relay operating circuit for high resistance power source - has relay operating RC circuit initiated by second RC circuit which switches transistor |
| FR2488036A3 (en) * | 1980-07-31 | 1982-02-05 | Landis & Gyr Ag | MOUNTING AND OPERATING DEVICE OF AN ELECTROMAGNET |
| EP0108538A1 (en) * | 1982-10-23 | 1984-05-16 | Hawker Siddeley Revenue Controls Limited | Zero crossing circuit |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3739811A1 (en) * | 1987-11-24 | 1989-06-08 | Norbert Dipl Ing Suttner | Circuit arrangement for protecting the electrical power supply to installations or apparatuses |
| DE4231242A1 (en) * | 1992-09-18 | 1994-03-24 | Buderus Heiztechnik Gmbh | Reducing wear of electromechanical relay - using controlled switching in and switching out points for switching load related to voltage and current zero transitions |
| EP0818241A1 (en) * | 1996-07-09 | 1998-01-14 | SCHLEICHER & Co. INTERNATIONAL AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT | Document shredder |
| WO2013189517A1 (en) * | 2012-06-19 | 2013-12-27 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Electromagnetic relay having shortened switching duration |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0200099B1 (en) | 1991-09-11 |
| EP0200099A3 (en) | 1989-05-17 |
| ATE67341T1 (en) | 1991-09-15 |
| DE3681326D1 (en) | 1991-10-17 |
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