EP0199552A2 - Method of simulating by computer the appearance properties of a warp knit fabric - Google Patents
Method of simulating by computer the appearance properties of a warp knit fabric Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0199552A2 EP0199552A2 EP86302889A EP86302889A EP0199552A2 EP 0199552 A2 EP0199552 A2 EP 0199552A2 EP 86302889 A EP86302889 A EP 86302889A EP 86302889 A EP86302889 A EP 86302889A EP 0199552 A2 EP0199552 A2 EP 0199552A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- wale
- fabric
- yarn
- warp knit
- average
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04B—KNITTING
- D04B37/00—Auxiliary apparatus or devices for use with knitting machines
- D04B37/06—Auxiliary apparatus or devices for use with knitting machines with warp knitting machines
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04B—KNITTING
- D04B21/00—Warp knitting processes for the production of fabrics or articles not dependent on the use of particular machines; Fabrics or articles defined by such processes
- D04B21/02—Pile fabrics or articles having similar surface features
- D04B21/04—Pile fabrics or articles having similar surface features characterised by thread material
Definitions
- This invention relates to simulating the appearance properties of a warp knit fabric based on properties of the yarn in the fabric.
- the simulation is comparable to the actual fabric knit from yarn of those properties.
- the present invention provides a method for simulating actual fabric appearance by just knowing the constituent yarn properties without having to make the actual fabric.
- the method comprises the steps of obtaining a data set of yarn physical properties for each yarn in the warp knit fabric then programming a digital computer to average the yarn physical properties for each yarn in the fabric according to the stitch pattern of the fabric to produce a wale average property for each wale in the fabric.
- the pixel density for the graphics display equipment associated with the computer is then calculated from the average wale properties and displayed to represent each wale in the fabric.
- a warp-knit textile fabric as intended herein is best defined in terms of a stitch pattern as shown in Fig. 1. While many other patterns constituting warp-knitting are possible the one shown represents a jersey tricot warp knit construction. Knitting needle positions for each of five successive wales and courses for the front and back bars are represented in Fig. 1. The horizontal rows of dots represent courses 1-5 while the wales of the fabric are represented by vertical rows of dots A - G. More particularly, referring to Fig. 1 the stitch construction of the fabric is notationally set out and shows that the threads of the front bar indicated as 21-25 have back and forth movement to non-adjacent needles in successive courses and the threads of the back bar, indicated as 31-35 have similar movements.
- the technology uses a Hewlett Packard HP9845 model 270 to print patterns which model the appearance of jersey warp knit fabrics.
- Direct printing of simulations requires high resolution graphics and printing capability.
- the Hewlett Packard HP9845 desktop computer meets both requirements with individual pixel control of graphics on the CRT and printer.
- Resolution of the HP9845 printer is 77 pixels/inch in both X and Y directions.
- Initial experiments with various patterns showed that printing alternate rows provided sufficient resolution (38.5 rows/inch vs. 50 wales/inch in the fabric) to represent each wale in a jersey warp knit fabric. Printing alternate rows gives the printouts a subtle linearity resembling the directionality of wales in a warp knit fabric.
- the first step in the method is obtaining a data set consisting of a yarn property such as denier, modification ratio, yarn shrinkage, or dyeability for each yarn in the fabric.
- the properties are then averaged according to the stitch pattern in the fabric to produce a wale average property for each wale in the fabric.
- the simulation program then produces a printout in which the print density (fraction of pixels printed) in each row is given by the equation: wherein
- K the contrast factor
- each yarn end for example, 21-25 in Fig. 1, in the fabric is essential for calculating wale average property (v).
- v wale average property
- front bar yarns are of more importance than back bar yarns in fabric uniformity because the back bar yarns in warp knit constructions are "sandwiched" in the fabric interior.
- denier is the property being simulated, it has been found that front bar yarns make a 75% contribution to uniformity and back bar yarns a 25% contribution.
- front bar yarns make essentially a 100% contribution to uniformity.
- the weighted wale average property (in this case, denier) for wale C becomes:
- Step 100 Running the startup program initializes the computer memory for the following steps.
- Step 300 - A retrieval program is run to load the previously stored pixel rows into the computer memory. Pixel densities from 5% to 95% of the pixels in a graphics display row are included in the data set in steps of 1%. There are 5 rows of pseudorandomly arranged pixels at each density.
- Step 400 - Yarn property data are averaged according to the description on page 4 to provide wale average property data.
- the transform program allows keeping both the original yarn data and the wale average data in separate columns in a data matrix.
- Step 500 - The simulation program is loaded into memory and run.
- Step 501 - The operator selects the desired data to simulate (more than 1 set of data can be held in memory).
- Step 502 The computer calculates the average property in the selected data for further calculations (equation on page 3, and fig. 5).
- Step 503 The operator selects the average print density desired for the simulation. Usually 0.5 is the starting level, and subsequent simulations may be run at higher or lower levels to produce darker or lighter simulations. This step does not affect the printout, unless extreme values are chosen (i.e., near the ends of the allowable scale of 0.05 to 0.95 print density). Refer to "AD" in equation (1), page 3.
- Step 504 The computer calculates the print density for the first wale using equation (1), page 3.
- Step 505 - The pixel row data are selected corresponding to the calculated print density.
- Step 506 - The pixel row is re-randomized. This step is done to extraneous pattern formation in the case that the same pixel density is selected more than 5 times (the number of previously generated pixel rows at each density held in memory) in succession.
- Step 507 - The pixel row is displayed on the graphics screen of the computer.
- Step 508 - The pixel row displayed on the screen is transferred to the hard copy printer along with a blank pixel row.
- Step 509 - The computer checks for additional yarn data, and if available, continues the process from step 504. The program terminates when all the selected data have been printed and the operator signifies that no more simulations are to be run.
- wale average deniers are calculated according to equation 2 for each wale in the fabric and the pixel density is calculated according to equation 1.
- the pixel density is displayed in a series of rows to represent each wale in the fabric as shown in Fig. 2 wherein the simulation of the fabric displaying streaks at locations 40 and 41 closely resembles a fabric knit of the actual yarns whose properties were used for the simulation.
- the simulation was prepared on a Hewlett Packard HP9845 having a thermal printer programmed according to the flow charts shown in Fig. 4.
- FIG. 3 An enlarged portion of Fig. 2 is shown in Fig. 3 wherein alternate rows are printed to give subtle linearity and one pixel is represented by a square as designated at 50.
Abstract
Description
- This invention relates to simulating the appearance properties of a warp knit fabric based on properties of the yarn in the fabric. The simulation is comparable to the actual fabric knit from yarn of those properties.
- Both yarn manufacturers and fabric producers are faced with the problem of variations in yarn properties (e.g. denier, shrinkage, cross section, dyeability) and the effect of these variations on fabrics. In the past the effects of these variations in the actual fabric could only be determined by actually making test fabrics from the yarns which is expensive and time consuming.
- The present invention provides a method for simulating actual fabric appearance by just knowing the constituent yarn properties without having to make the actual fabric. The method comprises the steps of obtaining a data set of yarn physical properties for each yarn in the warp knit fabric then programming a digital computer to average the yarn physical properties for each yarn in the fabric according to the stitch pattern of the fabric to produce a wale average property for each wale in the fabric. The pixel density for the graphics display equipment associated with the computer is then calculated from the average wale properties and displayed to represent each wale in the fabric.
-
- Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the front and back bar of a warp knit fabric of the type simulated by this invention.
- Fig. 2 is a drawing of a graphics display of a warp knit fabric simulated according to the invention.
- Fig. 3 is an enlarged representation of a portion of a warp knit fabric simulated according to the invention.
- Figs. 4-6 represent flow charts of a program to operate a computer for simulating a warp knit fabric according to the invention.
- A warp-knit textile fabric as intended herein is best defined in terms of a stitch pattern as shown in Fig. 1. While many other patterns constituting warp-knitting are possible the one shown represents a jersey tricot warp knit construction. Knitting needle positions for each of five successive wales and courses for the front and back bars are represented in Fig. 1. The horizontal rows of dots represent courses 1-5 while the wales of the fabric are represented by vertical rows of dots A - G. More particularly, referring to Fig. 1 the stitch construction of the fabric is notationally set out and shows that the threads of the front bar indicated as 21-25 have back and forth movement to non-adjacent needles in successive courses and the threads of the back bar, indicated as 31-35 have similar movements.
- As indicated above this technology is a tool to investigate the effects of yarn properties on the visual appearance of fabrics. The technology uses a Hewlett Packard HP9845 model 270 to print patterns which model the appearance of jersey warp knit fabrics.
- Direct printing of simulations requires high resolution graphics and printing capability. The Hewlett Packard HP9845 desktop computer meets both requirements with individual pixel control of graphics on the CRT and printer. Resolution of the HP9845 printer is 77 pixels/inch in both X and Y directions. Initial experiments with various patterns showed that printing alternate rows provided sufficient resolution (38.5 rows/inch vs. 50 wales/inch in the fabric) to represent each wale in a jersey warp knit fabric. Printing alternate rows gives the printouts a subtle linearity resembling the directionality of wales in a warp knit fabric.
- The first step in the method is obtaining a data set consisting of a yarn property such as denier, modification ratio, yarn shrinkage, or dyeability for each yarn in the fabric. The properties are then averaged according to the stitch pattern in the fabric to produce a wale average property for each wale in the fabric. The simulation program then produces a printout in which the print density (fraction of pixels printed) in each row is given by the equation:
- AD is the arbitrarily selected average print density desired for the simulation (usually .5)
- K is the contrast factor and
wherein- v is the data expressed as individual values and
- N is the total number of values.
- Determining K (the contrast factor) for a given property requires comparison of a banded implant fabric with simulations printed at a series of K's. The K that results in the best visual match is the correct one to use.
- The precise location of each yarn end: for example, 21-25 in Fig. 1, in the fabric is essential for calculating wale average property (v). Experience has shown that front bar yarns are of more importance than back bar yarns in fabric uniformity because the back bar yarns in warp knit constructions are "sandwiched" in the fabric interior. When denier is the property being simulated, it has been found that front bar yarns make a 75% contribution to uniformity and back bar yarns a 25% contribution. For other properties being simulated it has been found that front bar yarns make essentially a 100% contribution to uniformity.
- Referring to Fig. 1 and considering wale C in both the front and back bar it can be seen that
yarn 23 appears in three odd numbered courses, e.g. 1, 3 and 5, and yarn No. -21 appears in the even numbered courses in the front bar and for the same wale in theback bar yarn 32 appears in the odd courses whileyarn 33 appears in the even courses. -
- v is the individual property value of the yarn.
- The numbers preceding each paragraph refer to the flow charts shown in Fig. 4-6.
- Step 100 - Running the startup program initializes the computer memory for the following steps.
- Step 200 - Provision is made for entering yarn property data from the keyboard or loading data previously stored on flexible disc data files. More than 1 column of data may be entered.
- Step 300 - A retrieval program is run to load the previously stored pixel rows into the computer memory. Pixel densities from 5% to 95% of the pixels in a graphics display row are included in the data set in steps of 1%. There are 5 rows of pseudorandomly arranged pixels at each density.
- Step 400 - Yarn property data are averaged according to the description on
page 4 to provide wale average property data. The transform program allows keeping both the original yarn data and the wale average data in separate columns in a data matrix. - Step 500 - The simulation program is loaded into memory and run.
- Step 501 - The operator selects the desired data to simulate (more than 1 set of data can be held in memory).
- Step 502 - The computer calculates the average property in the selected data for further calculations (equation on
page 3, and fig. 5). - Step 503 - The operator selects the average print density desired for the simulation. Usually 0.5 is the starting level, and subsequent simulations may be run at higher or lower levels to produce darker or lighter simulations. This step does not affect the printout, unless extreme values are chosen (i.e., near the ends of the allowable scale of 0.05 to 0.95 print density). Refer to "AD" in equation (1),
page 3. - Step 504 - The computer calculates the print density for the first wale using equation (1),
page 3. - Step 505 - The pixel row data are selected corresponding to the calculated print density.
- Step 506 - The pixel row is re-randomized. This step is done to extraneous pattern formation in the case that the same pixel density is selected more than 5 times (the number of previously generated pixel rows at each density held in memory) in succession.
- Step 507 - The pixel row is displayed on the graphics screen of the computer.
- Step 508 - The pixel row displayed on the screen is transferred to the hard copy printer along with a blank pixel row.
- Step 509 - The computer checks for additional yarn data, and if available, continues the process from
step 504. The program terminates when all the selected data have been printed and the operator signifies that no more simulations are to be run. - In an example using nominal 40 denier yarn in the jersey tricot warp knit construction represented in Fig. 1 wale average deniers are calculated according to
equation 2 for each wale in the fabric and the pixel density is calculated according to equation 1. The pixel density is displayed in a series of rows to represent each wale in the fabric as shown in Fig. 2 wherein the simulation of the fabric displaying streaks atlocations - An enlarged portion of Fig. 2 is shown in Fig. 3 wherein alternate rows are printed to give subtle linearity and one pixel is represented by a square as designated at 50.
Claims (2)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US72459985A | 1985-04-18 | 1985-04-18 | |
US724599 | 1985-04-18 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0199552A2 true EP0199552A2 (en) | 1986-10-29 |
EP0199552A3 EP0199552A3 (en) | 1987-11-04 |
EP0199552B1 EP0199552B1 (en) | 1990-07-18 |
Family
ID=24911069
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP86302889A Expired - Lifetime EP0199552B1 (en) | 1985-04-18 | 1986-04-17 | Method of simulating by computer the appearance properties of a warp knit fabric |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0199552B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPS626969A (en) |
KR (1) | KR860008319A (en) |
BR (1) | BR8601696A (en) |
CA (1) | CA1258530A (en) |
DE (1) | DE3672660D1 (en) |
DK (1) | DK176186A (en) |
Cited By (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0458582A2 (en) * | 1990-05-22 | 1991-11-27 | E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Method for determining and controlling fiber luster properties |
EP0578975A1 (en) * | 1992-06-18 | 1994-01-19 | Zellweger Luwa Ag | Method and apparatus for predicting effect of yarn defects on the appearance of textiles or fabrics |
EP0640707A1 (en) * | 1993-08-31 | 1995-03-01 | SHIMA SEIKI MFG., Ltd. | A knit design system and a method for designing knit fabrics |
US5671061A (en) * | 1992-06-18 | 1997-09-23 | Zellweger Luwa Ag | Method and apparatus for assessing the effect of yarn faults on woven or knitted fabrics |
WO1998016823A1 (en) * | 1996-10-15 | 1998-04-23 | Cis Graphik Und Bildverarbeitung Gmbh | Yarn and fabric simulation system |
EP0875611A1 (en) * | 1997-05-02 | 1998-11-04 | Ingenieurbüro Dieter Zweigle | Apparatus for optimizing fabrics based on yarn data and optimizing process |
EP0959161A2 (en) * | 1998-05-19 | 1999-11-24 | H. Stoll GmbH & Co. | Method for making a knitted article on a knitting machine |
WO2008107440A1 (en) * | 2007-03-08 | 2008-09-12 | Oerlikon Textile Gmbh & Co. Kg | Method for simulating an image of a fiber product made of a multi-color thread and device for performing the method and method for producing a bcf thread |
CN101124356B (en) * | 2005-02-18 | 2010-06-23 | 株式会社岛精机制作所 | Designing device, method and program of knit product |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6130746A (en) * | 1994-03-10 | 2000-10-10 | Lawson-Hemphill, Inc. | System and method for electronically evaluating predicted fabric qualities |
DE59707165D1 (en) * | 1996-06-12 | 2002-06-06 | Zellweger Luwa Ag Uster | METHOD FOR EVALUATING THE EFFECTS OF YARN ERRORS ON TEXTILE AREAS |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB1421911A (en) * | 1972-06-02 | 1976-01-21 | Wildt Mellor Bromley Ltd | Preparation of patterns for knitting machines |
-
1986
- 1986-04-15 BR BR8601696A patent/BR8601696A/en unknown
- 1986-04-17 KR KR1019860002948A patent/KR860008319A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1986-04-17 EP EP86302889A patent/EP0199552B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1986-04-17 DK DK176186A patent/DK176186A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1986-04-17 DE DE8686302889T patent/DE3672660D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1986-04-17 CA CA000506975A patent/CA1258530A/en not_active Expired
- 1986-04-18 JP JP61088435A patent/JPS626969A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB1421911A (en) * | 1972-06-02 | 1976-01-21 | Wildt Mellor Bromley Ltd | Preparation of patterns for knitting machines |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
MELLIAND TEXTILBERICHTE, vol. 2, February 1984, pages 139-144 Heidelberg; W. REHR "Computer an Textilmaschinen und in Textilbetrieben - gezeigt auf der ITMA 83" * |
Cited By (19)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0458582A2 (en) * | 1990-05-22 | 1991-11-27 | E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Method for determining and controlling fiber luster properties |
EP0458582A3 (en) * | 1990-05-22 | 1992-09-02 | E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Method for determining and controlling fiber luster properties |
US5299133A (en) * | 1990-05-22 | 1994-03-29 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Method for determining and controlling fiber luster properties |
EP0578975A1 (en) * | 1992-06-18 | 1994-01-19 | Zellweger Luwa Ag | Method and apparatus for predicting effect of yarn defects on the appearance of textiles or fabrics |
CN1043910C (en) * | 1992-06-18 | 1999-06-30 | 泽韦格-乌斯特有限公司 | Method and apparatus for evaluation of effect of flaw of yarn to woven fabrics or knitted fabrics |
US5671061A (en) * | 1992-06-18 | 1997-09-23 | Zellweger Luwa Ag | Method and apparatus for assessing the effect of yarn faults on woven or knitted fabrics |
EP0853154A2 (en) * | 1993-08-31 | 1998-07-15 | Shima Seiki Manufacturing, Ltd. | A knit design system and a method for designing knit fabrics |
EP0853153A2 (en) * | 1993-08-31 | 1998-07-15 | Shima Seiki Manufacturing, Ltd. | A knit design system and a method for designing knit fabrics |
EP0853153A3 (en) * | 1993-08-31 | 1998-10-21 | Shima Seiki Manufacturing, Ltd. | A knit design system and a method for designing knit fabrics |
EP0853154A3 (en) * | 1993-08-31 | 1998-10-21 | Shima Seiki Manufacturing, Ltd. | A knit design system and a method for designing knit fabrics |
EP0640707A1 (en) * | 1993-08-31 | 1995-03-01 | SHIMA SEIKI MFG., Ltd. | A knit design system and a method for designing knit fabrics |
WO1998016823A1 (en) * | 1996-10-15 | 1998-04-23 | Cis Graphik Und Bildverarbeitung Gmbh | Yarn and fabric simulation system |
EP0875611A1 (en) * | 1997-05-02 | 1998-11-04 | Ingenieurbüro Dieter Zweigle | Apparatus for optimizing fabrics based on yarn data and optimizing process |
WO1998050613A1 (en) * | 1997-05-02 | 1998-11-12 | Ingenieurbüro Dieter Zweigle | Device for optimizing fabrics based on measured thread data and optimization method |
EP0959161A2 (en) * | 1998-05-19 | 1999-11-24 | H. Stoll GmbH & Co. | Method for making a knitted article on a knitting machine |
DE19822321A1 (en) * | 1998-05-19 | 1999-11-25 | Stoll & Co H | Process for producing a knitted piece on a knitting machine |
EP0959161A3 (en) * | 1998-05-19 | 2001-01-03 | H. Stoll GmbH & Co. | Method for making a knitted article on a knitting machine |
CN101124356B (en) * | 2005-02-18 | 2010-06-23 | 株式会社岛精机制作所 | Designing device, method and program of knit product |
WO2008107440A1 (en) * | 2007-03-08 | 2008-09-12 | Oerlikon Textile Gmbh & Co. Kg | Method for simulating an image of a fiber product made of a multi-color thread and device for performing the method and method for producing a bcf thread |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
BR8601696A (en) | 1986-12-16 |
CA1258530A (en) | 1989-08-15 |
DK176186A (en) | 1986-10-19 |
KR860008319A (en) | 1986-11-14 |
EP0199552B1 (en) | 1990-07-18 |
DE3672660D1 (en) | 1990-08-23 |
EP0199552A3 (en) | 1987-11-04 |
JPS626969A (en) | 1987-01-13 |
DK176186D0 (en) | 1986-04-17 |
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