EP0196451A1 - Tension element for a rock bolt or the like - Google Patents

Tension element for a rock bolt or the like Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0196451A1
EP0196451A1 EP86102426A EP86102426A EP0196451A1 EP 0196451 A1 EP0196451 A1 EP 0196451A1 EP 86102426 A EP86102426 A EP 86102426A EP 86102426 A EP86102426 A EP 86102426A EP 0196451 A1 EP0196451 A1 EP 0196451A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tension member
member according
steel wires
synthetic resin
tension
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP86102426A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0196451B1 (en
Inventor
Widmann Aktiengesel Dyckerhoff
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Walter Bau AG
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Dyckerhoff and Widmann AG
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Priority to AT86102426T priority Critical patent/ATE36893T1/en
Publication of EP0196451A1 publication Critical patent/EP0196451A1/en
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Publication of EP0196451B1 publication Critical patent/EP0196451B1/en
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D21/00—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection
    • E21D21/0026—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection characterised by constructional features of the bolts
    • E21D21/0033—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection characterised by constructional features of the bolts having a jacket or outer tube
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D21/00—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection
    • E21D21/0026—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection characterised by constructional features of the bolts
    • E21D21/006—Anchoring-bolts made of cables or wires

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a tension member for a rock bolt or the like and a method for its manufacture.
  • Rock bolts essentially have the task of securing rock packs against displacements as early as possible when opening cavities in a naturally occurring mountain range with fissures.
  • a typical type of stress of such rock bolts is a combined tensile and shear stress with large shear paths.
  • Tension members that are used as rock bolts must therefore have a high work capacity in order to be able to take part in the large bends.
  • the stiffness of a solid cross-section, e.g. a steel rod is an obstacle.
  • tubular tension members made of steel with a thin wall, e.g. be pressed against the borehole wall by means of hydraulic pressure and transmit the force by friction.
  • Tubular tension members of this type have an even lower shear resistance than rod-shaped anchors; however, they allow a greater shear path, since the cavity of the borehole remains essentially free.
  • Tubular tension members have no corrosion protection and cannot be produced in any lengths. Anchoring bodies cannot be attached to their smooth outer surface.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a tension member for a rock bolt, which can be produced economically in any length, has a high work capacity to be able to take strong bends and also gives the possibility of anchoring body, e.g. to be able to attach in the form of threaded nuts or the like.
  • a tension member which consists of a bundle of, leaving a central cavity in a tubular body made of a hardening, plastic material, e.g. Resin embedded steel wires, the tubular body has a profile on the outer circumference.
  • the steel wires are expediently arranged in a radially symmetrical manner in the tubular body, which itself advantageously has a circular cross section.
  • the central cavity also expediently has a circular cross section.
  • the profiling of the tension member on its outer surface which can also be seen on a covering of the tubular body, e.g. can be formed from a thermoplastic synthetic resin, in particular if it is designed as a screw thread, for fixing the tension member to the head by means of an appropriately designed anchoring body.
  • a bracing in relation to the surface of the underground cavity is generally sufficient, since only a force-fit connection to this surface is usually required for the rock bolt to be effective
  • the central cavity of the tension member if it is still open after it has been installed in the borehole, allows control of possible shear movements or the insertion of measuring probes. It can also be used to inject a hardening material into the borehole or to vent if hardening material is injected in another way. It is expedient if at least in partial areas of the length of the tension member along at least one surface line from the central cavity outward openings are provided, which can be valve-shaped.
  • the profiling of the outer surface of the tension member can also only extend over partial regions of its length, while regions with a smooth outer surface are provided between the regions provided with a profiling.
  • a tension member according to the invention also provides excellent protection against corrosion, since the steel wires are completely embedded in synthetic resin; This is especially true when it is surrounded by a sheath. Tension members of this type can therefore also be used as permanent anchors and thus promote the path to a single-shell expansion of the underground cavity.
  • the invention relates to a method for producing such a tension member.
  • an inner tube made of thermoplastic synthetic resin, e.g. PE, manufactured Even before the material of the inner tube has hardened, the steel wires are then fed along its outer surface and pressed into its surface. These steel wires are then passed through a plastic, hardening mass, e.g. a polyester resin, encased Finally, either in the course of this process or in a separate subsequent process step, e.g. Cover made of a thermoplastic material, such as PVC, applied
  • the particular advantage of the method is that it is possible in this way to produce a tension member for a rock bolt in a continuous process, which can be cut to any length and, if the profile is formed on its outer surface as a screw thread, also screwing one Anchoring body allowed at any point
  • Fig. 1 shows in longitudinal section, Fig. 2 in plan view and Fig. 3 in cross section a rock bolt with a tension member according to the invention.
  • the tension member 1 consists in this embodiment of a total of eight steel wires 2, which in a tubular body 3 made of a hardening mass, e.g. are embedded from a synthetic resin, preferably polyester resin.
  • a central cavity 4 In the interior of the tubular body 3 there is a central cavity 4; its outer surface has a profile 5, e.g. in the form of a coarse thread that is used to screw on an anchoring body, e.g. a mother.
  • the tension member 1 is inserted into a borehole 6, which can of course be inclined in any direction to the underground cavity to be secured and at the bottom of the drilling hole by a hardening material 7, e.g. a synthetic resin or cement mortar, fixed
  • a hardening material e.g. a synthetic resin or cement mortar
  • This hardening material can, as is customary in so-called synthetic resin adhesive anchors, be introduced in the form of a cartridge containing two adhesive components into the borehole 6, which is destroyed when the tension member is inserted, thereby activating the adhesive.
  • the hardening material can also be injected either through the central cavity 4 or directly into the outer annular space; in the latter case, the central cavity 4 can serve as a vent line.
  • the tension member 1 is fixed by an anchoring body 8 with a countersunk screw part 9 ′, which is supported by means of a flanged edge 9 ′′ against an abutment plate 10 with a central opening 11.
  • the abutment plate 10 is bent open in the region of the opening 11, whereby This recessed arrangement of the screw part 9 'of the anchoring body 8 has the advantage that the screw part 9', which must have a great length due to the lower strength of the tubular body 3 compared to steel, does not have this length Length inwardly protrudes into the surface of the underground cavity
  • the tension member according to the invention which can have lengths of 4 to 6 m, optionally also up to 8 m, consists, for example, with an outer diameter of approximately 2 5 mm, from steel wires with a 6 mm diameter; the central cavity 4 then has a diameter of 9 mm.
  • the tension member can be produced, for example, by extrusion, the wires having to be fed laterally to the extrusion head in order to be able to completely encase them.
  • FIGS. 5 to 7 A particularly advantageous possibility for producing a tension member according to the invention is shown in individual phases in FIGS. 5 to 7.
  • the wires 2 are fed in from the outside in the radial direction and are pressed into the circumferential surface of the inner tube 3' in a regular sequence along the outer circumference (FIG. 6).
  • the wires 2 are enveloped by the hardening mass 3 ′′, for example a reactive synthetic resin such as a polyester resin or the like.
  • an outer sheath tube 12 made of a thermoplastic material, for example PVC, can be extruded onto this Embodiment, this outer cladding tube 12 has the coarse thread, which is used to screw on the anchoring nut
  • FIG. 8 Another embodiment of the invention is shown in FIG. 8.
  • the tension member 1 ' which here serves as a rock bolt analogously to FIG. 1 , is not provided with a thread over its entire length, but only over partial areas 13, which are each interrupted by areas 14 with a smooth surface.
  • the threaded areas 13 form anchors with respect to the hardening material 7 filling the full length of the borehole 6.
  • the smooth areas 14 do not form a bond with the hardening material 8, so that the tension member 1 'between the areas 14 the intermediate anchors 13 can stretch more.
  • the tubular body 3, in which the wires 2 are embedded, can also be provided with radial openings in the areas between the steel wires 2. These openings, which can also be arranged only in partial areas over the length of the tension member, serve as injection and / or ventilation openings. Injecting the annulus remaining in the borehole after insertion of the tension member with a hardening material, e.g. Cement mortar, can be done through the central cavity and through the openings. In order to subsequently clear the central cavity again, the injection material remaining in it can be rinsed out.
  • a hardening material e.g. Cement mortar
  • the openings can also be valve-shaped, for example in such a way that they serve as ventilation openings when the annular space is injected through a separate injection line arranged therein. Allow only the enclosed air to escape from the outer annular space to the central cavity, but not the injection material or water separated from it.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Piles And Underground Anchors (AREA)
  • Joining Of Building Structures In Genera (AREA)
  • Laying Of Electric Cables Or Lines Outside (AREA)
  • Devices For Conveying Motion By Means Of Endless Flexible Members (AREA)
  • Dowels (AREA)
  • Ultra Sonic Daignosis Equipment (AREA)
  • Adhesives Or Adhesive Processes (AREA)
  • Pens And Brushes (AREA)

Abstract

A tension member for use as a rock anchor or the like has a plurality of steel wires embedded in a tubular member with a central bore and formed of a hardenable plastics material, such as a synthetic resin. The outer surface of the tubular member is profiled such as in the manner of a screw thread so that an anchor member can be threaded on to the tubular member. The steel wires are arranged symmetrically around the axis of the tubular member for carrying the load transmitted by the tension member. If there is a displacement of the rock anchored by the tension member then both the tension and shearing stresses acting on the wires can cause individual wires to be displaced from the tubular member into its central bore. As a result, the flexibility of the tension member is increased and the most highly stressed wires can move out of the tubular member into its central bore.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Zugglied für einen Felsbolzen oder dergleichen sowie ein Verfahren zu dessen Herstel-Iung.The invention relates to a tension member for a rock bolt or the like and a method for its manufacture.

Felsbolzen haben im wesentlichen die Aufgabe, beim Auffahren von Hohlräumen in einem natürlich anstehenden Gebirge mit Klüftungen Felspakete zu einem möglichst frühen Zeitpunkt gegen Verschiebungen zu sichern. Eine typische Beanspruchungsart solcher Felsbolzen ist eine kombinierte Zug-und Scherbeanspruchung mit großen Scherwegen. Zugglieder, die als Felsbolzen verwendet werden, müssen daher ein hohes Arbeitsvermögen aufweisen, um die großen Verbiegungen mitmachen zu können. Die Steifigkeit eines massiven Querschnitts, wie ihn z.B. ein Stahlstab hat, ist dafür ein Hindernis.Rock bolts essentially have the task of securing rock packs against displacements as early as possible when opening cavities in a naturally occurring mountain range with fissures. A typical type of stress of such rock bolts is a combined tensile and shear stress with large shear paths. Tension members that are used as rock bolts must therefore have a high work capacity in order to be able to take part in the large bends. The stiffness of a solid cross-section, e.g. a steel rod is an obstacle.

Bekannt sind auch rohrförmige Zugglieder aus Stahl mit dünner Wandung, die z.B. mittels hydraulischen Drucks gegen die Bohrlochwand gepreßt werden und durch Reibung die Kraft übertragen. Rohrförmige Zugglieder dieser Art haben einen noch geringeren Scherwiderstand als stabförmige Anker; sie erlauben aber einen größeren Scherweg, da der Hohlraum des Bohrloches im wesentlichen frei bleibt Rohrförmige Zugglieder haben keinen Korrosionsschutz und sind nicht in beliebigen Längen herstellbar. An ihrer glatten Außenfläche lassen sich Verankerungskörper nicht anbringen.Also known are tubular tension members made of steel with a thin wall, e.g. be pressed against the borehole wall by means of hydraulic pressure and transmit the force by friction. Tubular tension members of this type have an even lower shear resistance than rod-shaped anchors; however, they allow a greater shear path, since the cavity of the borehole remains essentially free. Tubular tension members have no corrosion protection and cannot be produced in any lengths. Anchoring bodies cannot be attached to their smooth outer surface.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Zugglied für einen Felsbolzen zu schaffen, das auf wirtschaftliche Weise in beliebigen Längen herstellbar ist, das ein hohes Arbeitsvermögen hat, um auch starke Verbiegungen mitmachen zu können und das darüber hinaus die Möglichkeit gibt, Verankerungskörper, z.B. in Form von Gewindemuttem oder dergleichen anbringen zu können.The invention has for its object to provide a tension member for a rock bolt, which can be produced economically in any length, has a high work capacity to be able to take strong bends and also gives the possibility of anchoring body, e.g. to be able to attach in the form of threaded nuts or the like.

Nach der Erfindung wird diese Aufgabe durch ein Zugglied gelöst, das aus einem Bündel von unter Belassung eines zentralen Hohlraumes in einen rohrförmigen Körper aus einem erhärtenden, plastischen Material, z.B. Kunstharz eingebetteten Stahldrähten besteht, wobei der rohrförmige Körper am Außenumfang eine Profilierung aufweist .According to the invention, this object is achieved by a tension member which consists of a bundle of, leaving a central cavity in a tubular body made of a hardening, plastic material, e.g. Resin embedded steel wires, the tubular body has a profile on the outer circumference.

Durch Auflösen des für die Übertragung der Ankerkraft erforderlichen Stahlquerschnitts in eine Anzahl von Einzelquerschnitten mit kleinem Widerstandsmoment, die Schaffung eines zentralen Hohlraumes und die Einbettung der einzelnen Drähte in ein Material, aus dem sie sich bei großer Scherbeanspruchung lösen können, wird die Biegsamkeit des gesamten Zuggliedes so erhöht, daß die bei einer kombinierten Scher-und Biegebeanspruchung auftretenden Knicke ausgerundet werden können. Dabei kann der bzw. können die am stärksten beanspruchte Draht bzw. Drähte sich aus dem Verbund mit dem rohrförmigen Körper lösen und in den zentralen Hohlraum ausweichen. Durch die gegenüber Stäben mit massivem Querschnitt und Rohren höhere Biegsamkeit wird vor allem bei solchen Bolzen der Einbau erleichtert, die in größerer Länge von kleinen Räumen aus eingebaut werden müssen, was bei der Auffahrung von Stollen, Tunnels oder dergleichen oft notwendig istBy dissolving the steel cross-section required for the transmission of the anchor force into a number of individual cross-sections with a small section modulus, creating a central cavity and embedding the individual wires in a material from which they can be released under high shear stress, the flexibility of the entire tension member becomes so increased that the kinks occurring in a combined shear and bending stress can be rounded off. The wire or wires that are subjected to the greatest stress can be released from the composite with the tubular body and can escape into the central cavity. Due to the higher flexibility compared to bars with a solid cross-section and pipes, the installation is made easier especially with bolts that have to be installed in greater lengths from small spaces, which is often necessary when driving up tunnels, tunnels or the like

Zweckmäßig werden die Stahldrähte radialsymmetrisch in dem rohrförmigen Körper angeordnet, der selbst vorteilhaft kreisförmigen Querschnitt aufweist Auch der zentrale Hohlraum hat zweckmäßig einen kreisförmigen Querschnitt.The steel wires are expediently arranged in a radially symmetrical manner in the tubular body, which itself advantageously has a circular cross section. The central cavity also expediently has a circular cross section.

Die Profilierung des Zuggliedes an seiner Außenfläche, die auch an einer Umhüllung des rohrförmigen Körpers, z.B. aus einem thermoplastischen Kunstharz, ausgebildet sein kann, dient, insbesondere dann, wenn sie als Schraubgewinde ausgebildet ist, zum Fixieren des Zuggliedes am Kopf mittels eines entsprechend ausgebildeten Verankerungskörpers. Hierfür reicht im allgemeinen eine Verspannung gegenüber der Oberfläche des unterirdischen Hohlraumes aus, da zur Wirksamkeit des Felsbolzens meist nur ein Kraftschluß zu dieser Oberfläche erforderlich istThe profiling of the tension member on its outer surface, which can also be seen on a covering of the tubular body, e.g. can be formed from a thermoplastic synthetic resin, in particular if it is designed as a screw thread, for fixing the tension member to the head by means of an appropriately designed anchoring body. For this purpose, a bracing in relation to the surface of the underground cavity is generally sufficient, since only a force-fit connection to this surface is usually required for the rock bolt to be effective

Der zentrale Hohlraum des Zugglieds erlaubt sofem er nach dessen Einbau in das Bohrloch noch offen ist, eine Kontrolle eventueller Scherbewegungen oder das Einführen von Meßsonden. Er kann auch zum Injizieren eines erhärtenden Materials in das Bohrloch oder zum Entlüften verwendet werden, falls erhärtendes Material auf andere Weise injiziert wird. Dabei ist es zweckmäßig, wenn zumindest in Teilbereichen der Länge des Zugglieds entlang mindestens einer Mantellinie vom zentralen Hohlraum nach außen gerichtete Durchbrechungen vorgesehen sind, die ventilartig ausgebildet sein können.The central cavity of the tension member, if it is still open after it has been installed in the borehole, allows control of possible shear movements or the insertion of measuring probes. It can also be used to inject a hardening material into the borehole or to vent if hardening material is injected in another way. It is expedient if at least in partial areas of the length of the tension member along at least one surface line from the central cavity outward openings are provided, which can be valve-shaped.

Nach der Erfindung kann sich die Profilierung der Außenfläche des Zugglieds auch nur über Teilbereiche seiner Länge erstrecken, während zwischen den mit einer Profilierung versehenen Bereichen Bereiche mit glatter Außenfläche vorgesehen sind.According to the invention, the profiling of the outer surface of the tension member can also only extend over partial regions of its length, while regions with a smooth outer surface are provided between the regions provided with a profiling.

Wenn die mit der Profilierung versehenen Bereiche nur so lang sind, wie jeweils zur Verankerung der auftretenden Kräfte erforderlich und zwischen den profilierten Bereichen jeweils ein glatter Bereich angeordnet ist in dem sich kein Verbund zwischen dem Zugglied und dem den übrigen Teil des Bohrloches ausfüllenden erhärtenden Material ausbilden kann, erlaubt dieser bei einer Verbiegung des Zugglieds infolge einer Scherbeanspruchung die Aktivierung einer größeren Stahllänge. Dies entspricht in besonderer Weise den Anforderungen an Felsbolzen, die kleinere Schichtpakete zusammenhalten sollen, wozu durch verbundfreie Bereiche voneinander getrennte Zwischenverankerungen besonders günstig sind.If the areas provided with the profiling are only as long as required to anchor the forces occurring and a smooth area is arranged between the profiled areas in which no bond is formed between the tension member and the hardening material filling the remaining part of the borehole can, this allows a larger steel length to be activated if the tension member is bent as a result of shear stress. This corresponds in a special way to the requirements for rock bolts that are supposed to hold smaller layer packs together, for which purpose intermediate anchorages separated by bondless areas are particularly favorable.

Schließlich gewährt ein Zugglied nach der Erfindung auch einen ausgezeichneten Korrosionsschutz, da die Stahldrähte vollständig in Kunstharz eingebettet sind; dies gilt vor allem dann, wenn dieses noch dazu von einer Umhüllung umgeben ist Zugglieder dieser Art können deshalb auch als Daueranker eingesetzt werden und fördern so den Weg zu einem einschaligen Ausbau des unterirdischen Hohlraums.Finally, a tension member according to the invention also provides excellent protection against corrosion, since the steel wires are completely embedded in synthetic resin; This is especially true when it is surrounded by a sheath. Tension members of this type can therefore also be used as permanent anchors and thus promote the path to a single-shell expansion of the underground cavity.

Gegenstand der Erfindung ist schließlich noch ein Verfahren zum Herstellen eines solchen Zuggliedes. Dabei wird in einem kontinuierlichen Verfahren zunächst ein den zentralen Hohlraum bildendes Innenrohr aus thermoplastischem Kunstharz, z.B. PE, hergestellt Noch vor dem Aushärten des Materials des Innenrohres werden sodann entlang seiner Außenfläche die Stahldrähte zugeführt und in seine Oberfläche eingedrückt Diese Stahldrähte werden danach durch eine plastische, erhärtende Masse, z.B. ein Polyesterharz, eingehüllt Schließlich wird entweder im Zuge dieses Verfahrens oder in einem eigenen nachgeschalteten Verfahrensschritt eine z.B. aus einem thermoplastischen Material, wie PVC, bestehende Umhüllung aufgebrachtFinally, the invention relates to a method for producing such a tension member. In a continuous process, an inner tube made of thermoplastic synthetic resin, e.g. PE, manufactured Even before the material of the inner tube has hardened, the steel wires are then fed along its outer surface and pressed into its surface. These steel wires are then passed through a plastic, hardening mass, e.g. a polyester resin, encased Finally, either in the course of this process or in a separate subsequent process step, e.g. Cover made of a thermoplastic material, such as PVC, applied

Der besondere Vorteil des Verfahrens liegt darin, daß es auf diese Weise gelingt, in einem kontinuierlichen Verfahren ein Zugglied für einen Felsbolzen herzustellen, das auf beliebige Längen geschnitten werden kann und, wenn die Profilierung an seiner Außenfläche als Schraubgewinde ausgebildet ist, außerdem das Aufschrauben eines Verankerungskörpers an beliebigen Stellen erlaubtThe particular advantage of the method is that it is possible in this way to produce a tension member for a rock bolt in a continuous process, which can be cut to any length and, if the profile is formed on its outer surface as a screw thread, also screwing one Anchoring body allowed at any point

Die Erfindung wird nachstehend anhand der Zeichnung näher erläutert Es zeigt

  • Fig. 1 einen Längsschnitt durch einen Felsbolzen mit einem erfindungsgemäß ausgebildeten Zugglied,
  • Fig. 2 eine Draufsicht auf die luftseitige Verankerung des Felsbolzens entlang der Linie 11-11 in Fig. 1,
  • Fig. 3 einen Querschnitt entlang der Linie 111-111 in Fig. 1,
  • Fig. 4 einen Ausschnitt aus dem Felsbolzen gemäß Fig. 1 nach einer Verbiegung infolge einer kombinierten Scher-und Biegebeanspruchung, die
  • Fig. 5 bis 7 aufeinanderfolgende Phasen der Herstellung des Zuggliedes und
  • Fig. 8 einen Längsschnitt durch einen Felsbolzen mit einer anderen Ausführungsform des Zugglieds.
The invention is explained below with reference to the drawing. It shows
  • Fig. 1 shows a longitudinal section through a rock bolt with a tension member designed according to the invention,
  • 2 is a plan view of the air-side anchorage of the rock bolt along the line 11-11 in Fig. 1,
  • 3 shows a cross section along the line 111-111 in FIG. 1,
  • 4 shows a detail from the rock bolt according to FIG. 1 after bending as a result of a combined shear and bending stress
  • 5 to 7 successive phases of the manufacture of the tension member and
  • Fig. 8 shows a longitudinal section through a rock bolt with another embodiment of the tension member.

Fig. 1 zeigt im Längsschnitt, Fig. 2 in Draufsicht und Fig. 3 im Querschnitt einen Felsbolzen mit einem Zugglied nach der Erfindung. Das Zugglied 1 besteht bei diesem Ausführungsbeispiel aus insgesamt acht Stahldrähten 2, die in einen rohrförmigen Körper 3 aus einer erhärtenden Masse, z.B. aus einem Kunstharz, vorzugsweise Polyesterharz, eingebettet sind. Im Inneren des rohrförmigen Körpers 3 befindet sich ein zentraler Hohlraum 4; seine Außenfläche weist eine Profilierung 5, z.B. in Form eines groben Gewindes auf, das zum Aufschrauben eines Verankerungskörpers, z.B. einer Mutter, geeignet ist.Fig. 1 shows in longitudinal section, Fig. 2 in plan view and Fig. 3 in cross section a rock bolt with a tension member according to the invention. The tension member 1 consists in this embodiment of a total of eight steel wires 2, which in a tubular body 3 made of a hardening mass, e.g. are embedded from a synthetic resin, preferably polyester resin. In the interior of the tubular body 3 there is a central cavity 4; its outer surface has a profile 5, e.g. in the form of a coarse thread that is used to screw on an anchoring body, e.g. a mother.

Das Zugglied 1 ist in ein Bohrloch 6 eingesetzt, das selbstverständlich in beliebiger Richtung zu dem zu sichernden unterirdischen Hohlraum geneigt sein kann und am Grunde des Bohdoches durch ein erhärtendes Material 7, z.B. ein Kunstharz oder Zementmörtel, festgelegt Dieses erhärtende Material kann, wie bei sogenannten Kunstharzklebeankem üblich, in Form einer zwei Kleberkomponenten enthaltenden Patrone in das Bohrloch 6 eingebracht werden, die beim Einführen des Zugglieds zerstört wird, wodurch der Kleber aktiviert wird. Das erhärtende Material kann aber auch entweder durch den zentralen Hohlraum 4 oder unmittelbar in den äußeren Ringraum injiziert werden; im letzteren Fall kann der zentrale Hohlraum 4 als Entlüftungsleitung dienen.The tension member 1 is inserted into a borehole 6, which can of course be inclined in any direction to the underground cavity to be secured and at the bottom of the drilling hole by a hardening material 7, e.g. a synthetic resin or cement mortar, fixed This hardening material can, as is customary in so-called synthetic resin adhesive anchors, be introduced in the form of a cartridge containing two adhesive components into the borehole 6, which is destroyed when the tension member is inserted, thereby activating the adhesive. The hardening material can also be injected either through the central cavity 4 or directly into the outer annular space; in the latter case, the central cavity 4 can serve as a vent line.

An der Bohrlochmündung ist das Zugglied 1 durch einen Verankerungskörper 8 mit einem versenkten Schraubteil 9' festgelegt, das sich mittels eines umgebördelten Randes 9" gegen eine Widerlagerplatte 10 mit einer zentralen Durchbrechung 11 abstützt. Die Widerlagerplatte 10 ist im Bereich der Durchbrechung 11 aufgebogen, wodurch ein Kraftschluß in Form einer federnden Verspannung erreicht wird. Diese versenkte Anordnung des Schraubteils 9' des Verankerungskörpers 8 hat den Vorteil, daß das Schraubteil 9', das bei der gegenüber Stahl geringeren Festigkeit des rohrförmigen Körpers 3 eine große Länge haben muß, nicht um diese Länge über die Oberfläche des unterirdischen Hohlraums nach innen in diesen hineinragtAt the mouth of the borehole, the tension member 1 is fixed by an anchoring body 8 with a countersunk screw part 9 ′, which is supported by means of a flanged edge 9 ″ against an abutment plate 10 with a central opening 11. The abutment plate 10 is bent open in the region of the opening 11, whereby This recessed arrangement of the screw part 9 'of the anchoring body 8 has the advantage that the screw part 9', which must have a great length due to the lower strength of the tubular body 3 compared to steel, does not have this length Length inwardly protrudes into the surface of the underground cavity

In Fig. 4 ist angegeben, wie sich das Zugglied 1 bei einer infolge einer gegenseitigen Verschiebung von Felspaketen auftretenden lokalen Scherbeanspruchung verformen kann. Die Verformung ist hier in dem Bereich des Felsbolzens angenommen, in dem das Zugglied keinen Verbund zum Gebirge besitzt. Dabei ist unterstellt, daß sich einer der Stahldrähte 4 aus seiner Einbettung in dem rohrförmigen Körper 3 gelöst hat und in den zentralen Hohlraum 4 hinein ausgewichen ist; dies ist für den Draht 2' im Querschnitt der Fig. 3 gestrichelt angedeutet. 4 shows how the tension member 1 can deform when a local shear stress occurs as a result of mutual displacement of rock packs. The deformation is assumed here in the area of the rock bolt, in which the tension member has no connection to the mountains. It is assumed that one of the steel wires 4 has come loose from its embedding in the tubular body 3 and has evaded into the central cavity 4; this is indicated by dashed lines for the wire 2 'in the cross section of FIG. 3.

Das Zugglied nach der Erfindung, das Längen von 4 bis 6 m, gegebenenfalls auch bis 8 m aufweisen kann, besteht beispielsweise bei einem Außendurchmesser von ca. 25 mm aus Stahldrähten mit 6 mm Durchmesser; der zentrale Hohlraum 4 hat dann einen Durchmesser von 9 mm. Das Zugglied kann beispielsweise durch Extrudieren hergestellt werden, wobei die Drähte dem Extrudierkopf seitlich zugeführt werden müssen, um sie vollständig einhüllen zu können.The tension member according to the invention, which can have lengths of 4 to 6 m, optionally also up to 8 m, consists, for example, with an outer diameter of approximately 2 5 mm, from steel wires with a 6 mm diameter; the central cavity 4 then has a diameter of 9 mm. The tension member can be produced, for example, by extrusion, the wires having to be fed laterally to the extrusion head in order to be able to completely encase them.

Eine besonders vorteilhafte Möglichkeit zur Herstellung eines Zuggliedes nach der Erfindung ist in den Fig. 5 bis 7 in einzelnen Phasen dargestellt Dabei wird in einem kontinuierlichen Verfahren zunächst ein Innenrohr 3' aus einem thermoplastischen Material, z.B. PVC, durch Extrudieren hergestellt, das den zentralen Hohlraum 4 bildet (Fig. 5). Noch bevor das Material des Innenrohrs 3' vollständig erhärtet ist, werden in radialer Richtung von außen die Drähte 2 zugeführt und in regelmäßiger Folge entlang des Außenumfanges des Innenrohrs 3' in dessen Umfangsfläche eingedrückt (Fig. 6).A particularly advantageous possibility for producing a tension member according to the invention is shown in individual phases in FIGS. 5 to 7. In a continuous process, an inner tube 3 'made of a thermoplastic material, e.g. PVC, produced by extrusion, which forms the central cavity 4 (Fig. 5). Even before the material of the inner tube 3 'has completely hardened, the wires 2 are fed in from the outside in the radial direction and are pressed into the circumferential surface of the inner tube 3' in a regular sequence along the outer circumference (FIG. 6).

In einem weiteren Verfahrensschritt werden die Drähte 2 durch die erhärtende Masse 3", z.B. ein reagierendes Kunstharz, wie ein Polyesterharz oder dergleichen, eingehüllt. Auf dieses kann schließlich noch ein äußeres Hüllrohr 12 aus einem thermoplastischen Kunststoff, z.B. PVC, aufextrudiert werden. Bei dieser Ausführungsform weist dieses äußere Hüllrohr 12 das grobe Gewinde auf, das zum Aufschrauben der Verankerungsmutter dientIn a further process step, the wires 2 are enveloped by the hardening mass 3 ″, for example a reactive synthetic resin such as a polyester resin or the like. Finally, an outer sheath tube 12 made of a thermoplastic material, for example PVC, can be extruded onto this Embodiment, this outer cladding tube 12 has the coarse thread, which is used to screw on the anchoring nut

Eine weitere Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist in Fig. 8 dargestellt. Das Zugglied 1', das hier analog wie in Fig. 1 als Felsbolzen dient, ist nicht über seine gesamte Länge mit einem Gewinde versehen, sondern nur über Teilbereiche 13, die jeweils von Bereichen 14 mit glatter Oberfläche unterbrochen sind. Bei diesem Zugglied bilden die mit Gewinden versehenen Bereiche 13 Verankerungen gegenüber dem das Bohrloch 6 in voller Länge ausfüllenden erhärtenden Material 7. Die glatten Bereiche 14 gehen keinen Verbund mit dem erhärtenden Material 8 ein, so daß das Zugglied 1' sich in den Bereichen 14 zwischen den Zwischenverankerungen 13 stärker dehnen kann.Another embodiment of the invention is shown in FIG. 8. The tension member 1 ', which here serves as a rock bolt analogously to FIG. 1 , is not provided with a thread over its entire length, but only over partial areas 13, which are each interrupted by areas 14 with a smooth surface. In this tension member, the threaded areas 13 form anchors with respect to the hardening material 7 filling the full length of the borehole 6. The smooth areas 14 do not form a bond with the hardening material 8, so that the tension member 1 'between the areas 14 the intermediate anchors 13 can stretch more.

Der rohrförmige Körper 3, in den die Drähte 2 eingebettet sind, kann in den Bereichenzwischen den Stahldrähten 2 noch mit radialen Durchbrechungen versehen sein. Diese Durchbrechungen, die auch nur in Teilbereichen über die Länge des Zugglieds angeordnet sein können, dienen als Injizier-und/oder Entlüftungsöffnungen. Das Injizieren des nach dem Einsetzen des Zuggliedes in das Bohrloch verbliebenen Ringraumes mit einem erhärtenden Material, z.B. Zementmörtel, kann durch den zentralen Hohlraum und die Durchbrechungen hindurch erfolgen. Um den zentralen Hohlraum nachträglich wieder frei zu machen, kann das darin verbliebene Injektionsmaterial herausgespült werden.The tubular body 3, in which the wires 2 are embedded, can also be provided with radial openings in the areas between the steel wires 2. These openings, which can also be arranged only in partial areas over the length of the tension member, serve as injection and / or ventilation openings. Injecting the annulus remaining in the borehole after insertion of the tension member with a hardening material, e.g. Cement mortar, can be done through the central cavity and through the openings. In order to subsequently clear the central cavity again, the injection material remaining in it can be rinsed out.

Die Durchbrechungen können aber auch ventilartig ausgebildet sein, etwa in der Weise, daß sie bei einem Injizieren des Ringraumes durch eine in diesem angeordnete gesonderte Injizierleitung als Entlüftungsöffnungen dienen, d.h. vom äußeren Ringraum zum zentralen Hohlraum hin nur die eingeschlossene Luft entweichen lassen, nicht aber das Injiziermaterial oder etwa hieraus abgesondertes Wasser.However, the openings can also be valve-shaped, for example in such a way that they serve as ventilation openings when the annular space is injected through a separate injection line arranged therein. Allow only the enclosed air to escape from the outer annular space to the central cavity, but not the injection material or water separated from it.

Claims (12)

1. Zugglied für einen Felsbolzen oder dergleichen, gekennzeichnet durch ein Bündel von unter Belassung eines zentralen Hohlraumes (4) in einen rohrförmigen Körper (3) aus einem erhärtenden, plastischen Material, z.B. Kunstharz eingebetteten Stahldrähten (2), wobei der rohrförmige Körper (3) an seiner Außenfläche eine Profilierung (5) aufweist.1. tension member for a rock bolt or the like, characterized by a bundle of leaving a central cavity (4) in a tubular body (3) a hardening, plastic material, for example synthetic resin embedded steel wires (2), the tubular body (3) having a profile (5) on its outer surface. 2. Zugglied nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet daß die Stahldrähte (2) im Querschnitt radialsymmetrisch angeordnet sind.2. tension member according to claim 1, characterized in that the steel wires (2) are arranged radially symmetrically in cross section. 3. Zugglied nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet daß der rohrförmige Körper (3) kreisförmigen Querschnitt aufweist3. tension member according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the tubular body (3) has a circular cross-section 4. Zugglied nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der zentrale Hohlraum (4) kreisförmigen Querschnitt aufweist4. tension member according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the central cavity (4) has a circular cross-section 5. Zugglied nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Profilierung (5) als Schraubgewinde ausgebildet ist5. tension member according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the profiling (5) is designed as a screw thread 6. Zugglied nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sich die Profilierung nur über Teilbereiche (13) der Länge des Zugglieds (1') erstreckt und daß zwischen den mit einer Profilierung versehenen Bereichen (13) Bereiche (14) mit gfatter Außenfläche vorgesehen sind.6. tension member according to claim 5, characterized in that the profiling extends only over partial areas (13) of the length of the tension member (1 ') and that between the areas provided with a profile (13) areas (14) are provided with a smooth outer surface . 7. Zugglied nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der rohrförmige Körper (3) von einer Umhüllung (12) umschlossen ist, an der die Profilierung (5) ausgebildet ist7. tension member according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the tubular body (3) is enclosed by a sheath (12) on which the profiling (5) is formed 8. Zugglied nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Umhüllung (12) aus einem thermoplastischen Kunstharz, z.B. PVC, besteht8. tension member according to claim 7, characterized in that the covering (12) made of a thermoplastic synthetic resin, e.g. PVC 9. Zugglied nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zumindest in Teilbereichen der Länge des Zugglieds entlang mindestens einer Mantellinie vom zentralen Hohlraum nach außen gerichtete Durchbrechungen vorgesehen sind.9. tension member according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that at least in partial areas of the length of the tension member along at least one surface line from the central cavity outward openings are provided. 10. Zugglied nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Durchbrechungen ventilartig ausgebildet sind.10. tension member according to claim 9, characterized in that the openings are formed valve-like. 11. Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Zuggliedes nach den Ansprüchen 1 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in einem kontinuierlichen Verfahren zunächst ein den zentralen Hohlraum (4) bildendes Innenrohr (3') aus thermoplastischem Kunstharz, z.B. PE, hergestellt wird, daß vor dem Aushärten des Materials des Innenrohres (3') entlang seiner Außenfläche sodann die Stahldrähte (2) zugeführt und in seine Oberfläche eingedrückt werden und daß die Stahldrähte (2) danach durch eine plastische, erhärtende Masse (3"), z.B. ein Polyesterharz, eingehüllt werden.11. A method for producing a tension member according to claims 1 to 10, characterized in that in a continuous process, first of all, an inner tube (3 ') made of thermoplastic synthetic resin, e.g. PE, is produced such that before the material of the inner tube (3 ') hardens along its outer surface, the steel wires (2) are then fed in and pressed into its surface and that the steel wires (2) are then replaced by a plastic, hardening mass (3 " ), for example a polyester resin. 12. Verfahren nach Anspruch 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß abschließend die z.B. aus einem thermoplastischen Kunstharz, wie PVC, bestehende Umhüllung (12) aufgebracht wird.12. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that finally the e.g. existing covering (12) is applied from a thermoplastic synthetic resin, such as PVC.
EP86102426A 1985-03-05 1986-02-25 Tension element for a rock bolt or the like Expired EP0196451B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

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AT86102426T ATE36893T1 (en) 1985-03-05 1986-02-25 TENSION FOR A ROCK PIN OR LIKE.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DE19853507732 DE3507732A1 (en) 1985-03-05 1985-03-05 TIE LINK FOR A ROCK BOLT OR THE LIKE
DE3507732 1985-03-05

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EP0196451A1 true EP0196451A1 (en) 1986-10-08
EP0196451B1 EP0196451B1 (en) 1988-08-31

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EP (1) EP0196451B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS61207800A (en)
AT (1) ATE36893T1 (en)
AU (1) AU565512B2 (en)
CA (1) CA1270129A (en)
DE (1) DE3507732A1 (en)
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ZA (1) ZA861450B (en)

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EP0379388A2 (en) * 1989-01-23 1990-07-25 Inco Limited Hollow cable bolt
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DE10100715A1 (en) * 2001-01-10 2002-07-11 Wolfgang Habe Tension rod for stabilizing a wall body comprises elongated tension elements inserted in a bore hole of the wall body together with an injection tube arranged in their center and joined to the wall body by a hardening material
US7736738B2 (en) 2003-12-17 2010-06-15 Terrasimco Inc. Coated mining bolt
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JPS61207800A (en) 1986-09-16
ZA861450B (en) 1986-10-29
EP0196451B1 (en) 1988-08-31
NO860728L (en) 1986-09-08
US4664555A (en) 1987-05-12
AU565512B2 (en) 1987-09-17
DE3507732C2 (en) 1987-12-10
JPH0519640B2 (en) 1993-03-17
ATE36893T1 (en) 1988-09-15
DE3507732A1 (en) 1986-09-18
AU5424986A (en) 1986-09-11
CA1270129A (en) 1990-06-12

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