EP0195666B1

EP0195666B1 - Spiral staircase

Info

Publication number: EP0195666B1
Application number: EP19860302032
Authority: EP
Inventors: Tyl O'brien Kennedy
Original assignee: LEWES DESIGN CONTRACTS Ltd
Current assignee: LEWES DESIGN CONTRACTS Ltd
Priority date: 1985-03-20
Filing date: 1986-03-19
Publication date: 1992-02-19
Also published as: GB8507174D0; EP0195666A2; DE3683914D1; EP0195666A3

Description

This invention relates to spiral staircases.
Conventionally the mounting brackets for the treads for a spiral staircase are formed with a mounting collar which is a sliding fit on the central support column of the staircase. The collars are made of suitable axial length and/or suitable spacer collars are provided between tread bracket mounting collars to achieve the desired vertical spacing of the treads, which spacing will vary from staircase installation to installation. Thus such spiral staircases have to be purpose made for each installation and because of this and the method of supporting the mounting brackets on the support column, are expensive and not susceptible to mass production.
An example of a spiral staircase having a tread and collar formed intrinsically with the tread is disclosed in DE-A-3028002. CH-A-569166 discloses a tread mounting arrangement including a combined mounting bracket and tread adapted to be clamped to a support column by a flexible strap together with means for tensioning the strap to mount the bracket and tread to the column.
According to the present invention there is provided a tread mounting bracket or combined mounting bracket and tread for a spiral staircase which is adapted at its inner end to be clamped to a support column by means of a flexible strap engageable around the support column from the side of the column and having free ends, the free ends of the strap being engageable with the bracket or tread and bracket and means for tensioning the strap to urge the inner end of the bracket against the column thereby to mount the bracket or bracket and tread to the column characterised by said strap being connectable to or engageable at its free ends with a tensioning block having one or more bolts threadedly mounted therein, said bolt or bolts being engageable with a back plate fixed to or forming the inner end part of the mounting bracket and positioned between the tensioning block and the column, said bolts being adjustable such that as it is or they are screwed in the tensioning block is forced away from the back plate and the strap tightened around the support column.
Thus, according to the present invention the bracket is not formed with the mounting collar and the height of the tread in the column is completely adjustable rather than being determined by vertical spacers constituted by other mounting collars alone or in combination with separate spacer collars. The manufacturing costs of the brackets or treads and brackets themselves can thus be reduced and moreover as such brackets or treads and brackets are universally usable, the cost of individual spiral staircase installations can be much reduced.
Preferably the strap is generally U-shaped such that the ends of the strap are forced apart as the strap is engaged with the support column from the side of the column. This enables the strap to retain its position loosely but substantially unmoveably around the column prior to tensioning for ease of adjustment.
The mounting bracket may be variously constructed, as from sheet, rod or tube material. If the treads and brackets are combined then sheet material is preferred. If a separate mounting bracket is provided to which the tread is to be attached, then the bracket can conveniently be constructed as a lattice beam formed of metal tube and/or rod suitably bent and welded together.
The invention also extends to a spiral staircase wherein the treads are mounted to a support column by any of the tread mounting brackets envisaged above and wherein said treads are connected with vertical balusters by a baluster mounting bracket adapted to be slidably mounted in a channel or groove provided in the outer edge of the stair tread; said bracket having a collar slidably engageable with a vertical baluster which may then extend through the collar to below the level of the tread, and clamping means for clamping the collar to the baluster.
A preferred embodiment of the invention will now be described by way of example only with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:

Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a portion of a spiral staircase,
Fig. 2 is a partial side elevation of a tread mounting bracket,
Fig. 3 is a plan view of the bracket of Fig. 2 additionally showing the means of attachment to a support column,
Fig. 4 is a scrap side elevation partially in section showing a baluster mounting bracket supporting a baluster, and
Fig. 5 is a plan view to an enlarged scale of part of the baluster mounting bracket.

Referring firstly to Figure 1, a spiral staircase comprises a central support column 1 to which tread mounting brackets 2 are clamped and to which brackets treads 3 are screwed. Vertical balusters 4 which support a handrail 4a in any conventional manner are attached to the outer edges of the treads 2, i.e. the edges of the treads remote from the central support column 1 in a manner to be described hereafter.
A tread bracket 2 is shown in more detail in Figures 2 and 3 and can be seen to comprise an open lattice work generally wedge-shaped cantilever bracket or beam. This bracket is fabricated from metal rod, suitably bent and welded to form the required shape. The lattice work bracket includes two lengths of metal rod which are each bent into a generally U-shape to form side members 5, 5a and end members 6. The side members 5a are arranged side-by-side and extend downwardly and inwardly from the end members 6, the end members 6 and the side members 5 lying in a horizontal plane and serving to support the lower surface of a tread 3. To secure the tread to the support, four metal lugs 7 are welded to side members 5, one mid way along each side member 5 and one at the angle between each side member 5 and end member 6, and a metal plate 9 is welded between side members 5 so as to bridge the gap therebetween. The metal lugs 7 and plate 9 have holes 10 drilled therethrough to retain screws whereby the tread 3 may be screwed to the tread bracket.
The inner ends of the side members 5 terminate in downwardly extending vertical end members 6a which are interconnected by a back plate 11. Extensions 8 of the end members 6a, are angled upwardly and rearwardly and are welded at their free ends to the side members 5. A further length of rod of narrower cross section is bent and welded to side members 5 and 5a to form cross members 8a. End members 6a abut and are clamped to the support column 1.
The back plate 11 is slightly concave towards the column 7 as can be seen most clearly in Fig. 3. A slight recess 19, provided in the surface of the bracket serves to locate a bolt 14 whose function is described below.
The clamping of a tread bracket 2 to the central support column 1 will now be described in detail. The means for attachment comprises a flexible strap 12 preferably made from spring steel, a block 13 and the bolt 14. The shape of the steel strap is generally U-shaped as can be seen in Fig. 3 and comprises a generally arcuate portion 12a, straight side portions 12b and folded-back end portions 12c.
The block 13 has tapering sides which generally correspond in angle to the straight side portions 12b of the strap and has two vertical slots or grooves 15, 16 cut in it which receive respective end portions 12c of the strap 12. The end portions of the strap 12c are folded back such that they extend towards the central column 1 in use, and the vertical slots 15, 16 are similarly angled towards the central support column 1. A horizontal threaded hole passes through the block 13 to receive the bolt 14.
A tread bracket is clamped to the support column 1 as follows. Firstly, the tread bracket 3 is offered up to the support column 1 and held in position e.g. manually, at the desired height at which it is to be secured. The strap 12 is pushed around the central support column 1, the end portions 12c of the strap being forced apart as they travel over the surface of the column 7. At this stage, the strap will fit loosely around the column 1, and back plate 11. The block 13 is then inserted from above between the straight side portions 12b of the strap 12, with the folded back end portions 12c sliding in the slots 15, 16 in the block 13, and pushed downwardly until the top and bottom surfaces of the block 13 are substantially level with the upper and lower edges of the strap 12. The bolt 14 is then located in recess 19 and then tightened causing the block 13 to be forced away from the back plate 11, and the strap 12 to be tensioned. The tension in the strap 12 will increase as the block 13 and bracket 11 are moved apart. This tension will cause the folded back portions of the strap 12c to jam in the slots and because the slots are angled towards the central support column 1 and the strap 12 is fabricated from very stiff material, clearly it will not be possible for continued tensioning of the strap to cause the folded back end portions 12c to be pulled out of the slots. When sufficient tension has been placed on the strap 12 it will be friction-held on the supporting column 1 and thus prevented from vertical movement. A tread 2 may be attached to the tread bracket 3 either before or after the tread bracket has been secured to the central support column 1.
Clearly, by attaching the tread supports to the central supporting column in this way, the tread supports may be secured to the supporting column at any desired height, and thus the rise between adjacent treads can be selected to suit the dimensions of the building in which the spiral staircase is installed. Further, since there is no need to pass any of the components of the system over the top of the central supporting column 1, a spiral staircase could be constructed around any supporting column already existing as a part of the structure of a building.
The connection between the tread bracket and the central supporting column 1 should be sufficiently strong to withstand a bending moment of 370 kg at 900 mm as measured from the centre of the supporting column. The extent a of the tread bracket along the underside of the tread may suitably be 547 mm. The plate 11 may suitably be 90 mm deep and constructed from 15 mm thick metal. The block 13 may suitably have a length b of 30 mm and a depth c of 50 mm. The diameter of the central supporting column may be 114 mm. The strap may suitably be equal in width to the depth of the block and have a thickness of 1.625 mm (16 gauge).
In the embodiment described herein, one large bolt is used to force the block 13 away from the plate 11. However, if desired, two smaller bolts may be used, disposed one above the other.
It is not essential that the strap 12 has folded back end portions which are received in grooves in the block 13. The strap may for example be attached to the blocks by means of rivets with or without a key hole fitting.
The block described in the present embodiment is a one-piece block, having grooves formed therein. However, two blocks may be used which have suitably shaped mating surfaces such that the blocks may be screwed together to engage the folded back end portions 12c of the strap.
Referring now to Figs. 4 and 5, the interconnection between the balusters 4 and the treads 2 will be described. Each tread 3 is provided with nosing or lipping 25 which extends around the entire perimeter thereof. This lipping has a generally T-shaped channel formed therein as is clearly visible in Fig. 4. The tread may be fabricated from medium density fibre board or plywood, and the lipping may be formed from extruded aluminium. The lipping 25 includes a projecting rib 26 which engages a mating slot cut in the tread whereby the lipping 25 can be firmly secured to the tread 2. A mounting bracket 29 for attaching each baluster 4 to a tread 5 comprises two parts 31, 32 cut from an extruded profile and a grub screw 33. A plan view of one of the parts is shown in Fig. 5. Each part has the shape of an elongate "D", in plan, having a semicircular portion merging with a rectangular portion. A circular hole 34 is formed in each of the parts 31, 32 to provide collars which are a sliding fit with the end of a baluster 4. Each mounting bracket part 31, 32 is also provided with a machined slot 35 which is formed in the rectangular portion thereof so that with the parts positioned one above the other the slots, in use, respectively receive one of two engaging portions 36, 37 of the T-shaped channel in the lipping 25 and are then slidable together in the channel. The part 31 which is to be disposed uppermost in use is also provided with a tapped hole 38 which receives the grub screw 33.
In order to secure a baluster 4 to a tread 3, the two metal parts 31, 32 are placed one above the other with their respective holes 34 aligned and their respective machined slots 35 facing oppositely. The baluster 4 extends through both collars. The grub screw 33 is partially screwed into the hole in the upper part 31, but not sufficiently for it to extend completely therethrough. The slotted ends of the parts 31, 32 when overlying one another are trapped within the channel of the lipping 25 but can be slid along the channel. The grub screw 33 is then turned to force the two parts 31, 32 apart.
The movement apart of the rectangular portions of the parts 31, 32 will be limited by the channel in the lipping 7, and continued tightening of the grub screw will cause the collars to diverge and thus wedge on the baluster 4. Sufficient tightening of the grub screw will cause the baluster to be friction held in collars of the parts 31, 32 and thus prevented from vertical movement.
As described above, the tread and the lipping are formed seperately. However, a tread or combined tread and bracket could be formed having the lipping integral therewith.
In Fig. 4, portions of the lipping 27, 28 extend upwardly and downwardly respectively beyond the thickness of the tread itself. These extending portions provide a suitable border within which tread covering material may be placed. For example, carpet might cover the upper surfaces of the treads, and some other suitable material such as decorative hardboard might be used to finish off the lower surfaces.
In addition the surfaces of the extending portions 27, 28 are specially adapted to provide an anti-slip edge around the treads making the staircase safer for persons using it, which edge also prevents wear on the edges of the material of the tread.
In Figure 4 the upwardly extending portion 27 of the lapping 25 is slightly deeper than the downwardly extending portion 28. The portion 27 may have a depth of 6 mm and the portion 28 may have a depth of 4 mm. If it is desired to use a thinner material on the upper surfaces of the treads, the treads 3 may be secured to the brackets the other way up, such that the deeper portion 27 extends downwardly. Then the upper surfaces of the treads might be covered with rubber matting, for example, and some suitable finishing material used on the undersides of the treads. Thus, the use of this lipping also adds to the flexibility of the system.
The parts 31, 32 are formed from a continuous length of extruded aluminium cut into suitable lengths, e.g. 10 mm. The slots 35 may then be machined in the cut surfaces thereof and the tapped hole 38 drilled in the parts 31 which are to be disposed uppermost.
The parts 31, 32 may suitably have a width d of 30 mm and a lateral extent e of 49 mm. The holes 34 may have a diameter of 22 mm, the outer diameter of the balusters being slightly less than this. The depth f of the T-shaped channel formed in the lipping may be 24 mm.
Clearly, by fixing the balusters 4 to the treads 2 in this way, the length of the baluster is not critical since it may extend below the level of the tread. This is particularly advantageous since it is possible to use balusters which are all identical in length, as shown in Fig. 1. In previous spiral staircases it has been necessary to cut each baluster to the required size, and since there may be two or three balusters attached to the same tread which support a sloping handrail, the configuration of the staircase required a number of different lengths of baluster corresponding to the number of balusters per tread. Of course if the portion of any baluster extending below the tread to which it is attached is likely to be in a dangerous position, for example at head height, where it is possible that someone may walk into it, the end of the baluster may be trimmed off, either before or after fixing. A plastic cap may be inserted in or over the lower end of each of the balusters which is shaped so as to cover the cut surface thereof, and provide a smooth finish. Depending on the dimensions of the staircase, some of the balusters may be so positioned that the portion extending below one tread is equal to or greater than the rise between adjacent treads, so that with treads overlapping the baluster may be attached to two treads. By the method of attachment described, this is easily done.

Claims

A tread mounting bracket (2) or combined mounting bracket (2) and tread (3) for a spiral staircase which is adapted at its inner end to be clamped to a support column (1) by means of a flexible strap (12) engageable around the support column from the side of the column and having free ends, the free ends (12c) of the strap being engageable with the bracket or tread and bracket and means (13,14) for tensioning the strap to urge the inner end (11) of the bracket against the column thereby to mount the bracket or bracket and tread to the column characterised by said strap (12) being connectable to or engageable at its free ends (12c) with a tensioning block (13) having one or more bolts (14) threadedly mounted therein, said bolt or bolts being engageable with a back plate (11) fixed to or forming the inner end part of the mounting bracket and positioned between the tensioning block and the column, said bolts being adjustable such that as it is or they are screwed in the tensioning block is forced away from the back plate and the strap tightened around the support column.
A tread mounting bracket or combined mounting bracket and tread as claimed in claim 1, said strap (12) being generally U-shaped such that, in use, the ends of the strap are forced apart as the strap is engaged with the support column (1) from the side of the column enabling the strap to retain its position loosely but substantially unmoveably around the column prior to tensioning.
A tread mounting bracket or combined mounting bracket and tread as claimed in claim 1 or 2, said strap having folded back end portions (12c) adapted to slidably engage grooves (15,16) in said tensioning block (13).
A tread mounting bracket as claimed in any preceding claim constructed as a lattice beam formed of metal tube and/or rod suitably bent and welded together and adapted for a tread to be attached thereto.
A combined mounting bracket and tread as claimed in any of claims 1 to 3 constructed from sheet material.
A spiral staircase wherein the treads are mounted to a support column by tread mounting brackets as claimed in any of claims 1 to 5 and said treads are connected with vertical balusters by a baluster mounting bracket (29) adapted to be slidably mounted in a channel or groove provided in the outer edge of the stair tread (3); said bracket having a collar (31,32) slidably engageable with a vertical baluster (4) which may then extend through the collar to below the level of the tread, and clamping means (33) for clamping the collar to the baluster.