EP0195298B1 - Steam generator with a temperature-regulated parallel-tube system - Google Patents

Steam generator with a temperature-regulated parallel-tube system Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0195298B1
EP0195298B1 EP86102729A EP86102729A EP0195298B1 EP 0195298 B1 EP0195298 B1 EP 0195298B1 EP 86102729 A EP86102729 A EP 86102729A EP 86102729 A EP86102729 A EP 86102729A EP 0195298 B1 EP0195298 B1 EP 0195298B1
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Prior art keywords
temperature
steam
injection
parallel
line
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EP86102729A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0195298A1 (en
Inventor
Hermann Brückner
Lothar Stadie
Franz Lankes
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Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22STEAM GENERATION
    • F22GSUPERHEATING OF STEAM
    • F22G5/00Controlling superheat temperature
    • F22G5/12Controlling superheat temperature by attemperating the superheated steam, e.g. by injected water sprays
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22STEAM GENERATION
    • F22BMETHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B35/00Control systems for steam boilers
    • F22B35/06Control systems for steam boilers for steam boilers of forced-flow type
    • F22B35/10Control systems for steam boilers for steam boilers of forced-flow type of once-through type
    • F22B35/108Control systems for steam generators having multiple flow paths

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a steam generator with a temperature-controlled parallel pipe system with the final heating surfaces of the individual strands of the para pipe system upstream injection coolers, with a sensor connected to the steam strands receiving the individual strands for the temperature of the mixed steam behind the parallel pipe system and with one controlled by the sensor and a setpoint specification Control device for the injection cooler, wherein each of the parallel strands is assigned a separate temperature sensor for the steam temperature and this temperature sensor to a temperature controller. are connected.
  • Such a steam generator is known from DE-A-1 816 851.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of showing a way in which overstressing of individual pipes or strands can be avoided in steam generators with parallel pipe systems without the steam temperature having to be reduced excessively compared to the theoretically permissible steam temperature.
  • the figure is a schematic diagram of a steam generator with a parallel pipe system and the switching arrangement for regulating the temperature in the individual heating surfaces.
  • the feed water flows from below via the economizer and evaporator (not shown here) into a distributor line 2 and from there into the various preheater and final superheater heating surfaces 7 connected in parallel lines 3, 4, 5 and 6 , 8, 9, 10 of the steam generator 1.
  • These heating surfaces can be parts of the outer wall of the boiler or parts of an intermediate or membrane wall.
  • Behind the end superheater surfaces 8, 10 the individual strands open into a steam collecting line 11, which leads to the consumer, generally to the steam turbine (not shown).
  • the temperature sensors 37, 38 installed in the strands leaving the final superheaters 8, 10 are connected to a temperature controller 40, which in turn is connected via a further control logic 41 to the servomotors of the individual control valves 14, 15 of the injection cooler 12, 13.
  • the temperature controller is constructed in such a way that it determines the temperature sensors 37, 38 with the highest and lowest steam temperature at predetermined time intervals and controls the control valve 14, 15 of the injection cooler 12, 13 of the lines 3 to 6 with the highest steam temperature a little further and the control valve 14, 15 of the desuperheater 12, 13 of the branches 3 to 6 with the lowest steam temperature is a little controlled. The temperatures of the individual strands are thus brought closer together.
  • the temperature sensors 27 to 36 on the parallel tubes 17 to 26 of the individual superheaters 8, 10 are each connected to a monitoring logic 42, 43 per final superheater, which they interrogate at predetermined time intervals.
  • the measured values are compared with a predetermined reference value 44, 45 in a comparison stage 46, 47. If a measured value exceeds the reference value, a signal is formed in the comparison stage, which on the one hand blocks the transmission of the signals of the temperature controller 40 via a negation 48 to 51 and an OR function 52 to 55 and at the same time the control valve 14, 15 of the injection cooler 12, 13 of the associated strand 3 to 6 slightly open.
  • the sensor 39 for the steam mixing temperature located in the steam collecting line 11 is connected to a control element 56, which compares this measured value with a preset value 57, in which the steam temperature desired by the consumer is stamped. Depending on whether the measured value is above or below this setpoint, a control command for opening or closing is generated.
  • This measured value is input via an OR gate 58, 59 into the control lines of all control valves 14, 15 of the injection cooler 12, 13.
  • a signal dependent on the position of the control valve can be applied to the second input of these OR gates 58, 59 of each control valve, which signal is absent when the associated control valve is in the extreme position and thus prevents the control valve from being overdriven.
  • the feed water becomes an economizer and an evaporator in the representation of the figure from below via the distribution line 2 into the individual parallel strands 3 to 6 and the preheater and final superheater heating surfaces installed in these strands via a feed water pump (not shown here) 7 to 10 pressed.
  • the feed water is heated in various parallel pipes and then collected again and heated in the parallel pipes 17 to 26 further final superheater heating surfaces 8, 10 to the desired final state.
  • the steam is collected in the associated strands 3 to 6.
  • Each of these heating surfaces or strands connected in parallel then conducts the steam into the collecting steam line 11, which feeds the superheated steam to the consumer, generally a steam turbine.
  • the controlled system is reduced to a single-line system, so that all control valves for this main control need only be adjusted in parallel. This can be done regardless of the respective opening position of the individual control valves of the desuperheaters. Only in the case of end positions are those control commands of the control element 56 which would result in these end positions being exceeded are suppressed.
  • the opposing commands are passed through the division into a closing signal path 60, 61 and an opening signal path 62, 63 and the interposition of OR gates 64 to 67.
  • These OR gates control switching elements 68 to 71 located in the circuit of the servomotors of the control valves.
  • the monitoring logic 42, 43 prevents individual parallel pipes in the heating surfaces of the final superheater or intermediate superheater from being overloaded. This happens by blocking the signal transmission on the part of the temperature controller and the control element in the closing direction while simultaneously opening the control valve of the associated injection cooler.
  • This type of temperature control in the steam generator can also be used in an analogous manner for reheater heating surfaces, for example before the medium and low pressure stage of a steam turbine. It allows the steam generator to move closer to its theoretically just permissible upper power limit without having to fear thermal loads that are impermissible in terms of location or time. As a result, a higher output and a higher efficiency of the steam generator can be achieved.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Control Of Steam Boilers And Waste-Gas Boilers (AREA)
  • Heating, Cooling, Or Curing Plastics Or The Like In General (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
  • Preparation Of Compounds By Using Micro-Organisms (AREA)
  • Control Of Temperature (AREA)
  • Devices For Medical Bathing And Washing (AREA)
  • Pipeline Systems (AREA)
  • Control Of Turbines (AREA)

Abstract

1. Steam generator having a temperature-regulated parallel pipe system with injection coolers (12, 13) which are connected upstream of the end heating surfaces (7, 8, 9, 10) of the individual lines (3, 4, 5, 6) of the parallel pipe system, having a measuring sensor (39) for the temperature of the mixed steam downstream of the parallel pipe system, said sensor being connected to the steam collecting line (11) which accomodates the individual lines, and having a regulating device for the injection coolers, which device is controlled by the measuring sensor and a desired value input, there being associated with each of the lines (3 to 6) which are connected in parallel a separate temperature measuring sensor (37, 38) for the steam temperature, said temperature measuring sensors being connected to a temperature regulator (40) which controllably opens the injection cooler (12, 13) of the line with the highest steam temperature and controllably closes the injection cooler (12, 13) of the line with the lowest steam temperature, there being associated with the hot ends of the individual parallel pipes (17 to 26) of each line (3 to 6) separate temperature measuring sensors (27 to 36) which are connected to a monitoring logic system (42, 43) which determines the measured value with the highest temperature and compares it with a fixedly preset reference value (44, 45) for the temperature and controllably opens the associated injection cooler (12, 13) when the reference value is exceeded, with priority over other control commands.

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf einen Dampferzeuger mit einem temperaturgeregelten Parallelrohrsystem mit den Endheizflächen der einzelnen Stränge des Paraiieirohrsystems vorgeschalteten Einspritzkühlern, mit einem an der die einzelnen Stränge aufnehmenden Dampfsammelleitung angeschlossenen Meßfühler für die Temperatur des Mischdampfes hinter dem Parallelrohrsystem und mit einer vom Meßfühler und einer Sollwertvorgabe gesteuerten Regeleinrichtung für die Einspritzkühler, wobei jedem der parallelgeschalteten Stränge ein separater Temperaturmeßfühler für die Dampftemperatur zugeordnet ist und diese Temperaturmeßfühler an einen Temperaturregler. angeschlossen sind.The invention relates to a steam generator with a temperature-controlled parallel pipe system with the final heating surfaces of the individual strands of the para pipe system upstream injection coolers, with a sensor connected to the steam strands receiving the individual strands for the temperature of the mixed steam behind the parallel pipe system and with one controlled by the sensor and a setpoint specification Control device for the injection cooler, wherein each of the parallel strands is assigned a separate temperature sensor for the steam temperature and this temperature sensor to a temperature controller. are connected.

Ein solcher Dampferzeuger ist aus der DE-A-1 816 851 bekannt.Such a steam generator is known from DE-A-1 816 851.

Bei Meßfühlern mit Parallelrohrsystemen ist es zur Temperaturregelung des Dampfes bekannt, vor den Endheizflächen der Hochdrucküberhitzer und Zwischenüberhitzer Einspritzkühler vorzusehen. Die Steuerventile für die Einspritzkühler werden dabei über einen Regler gesteuert, der seinerseits wiederum von einem in der Dampfsammelleitung angeordneten Temperaturfühler sowie von einer Sollwertvorgabe beeinflußt wird. Bei Parallelrohrsystemen, d. h. bei Heizflächen mit parallel zueinander geschalteten Rohrbündeln, Schotten oder Membranwänden, sind ungleichmäßige Beheizungszustände und unterschiedliche Durchströmungsgeschwindigkeiten der Rohrleitungen unvermeidlich. Das führt dazu, daß zwischen den zueinander parallelen Rohrleitungen und Strängen unzulässig hohe Temperaturdifferenzen auftreten können, die zu unzulässig hohen Spannungen im Material führen, und daß örtlich, betriebsbedingt auch unzulässig hohe Absoluttemperaturen an den einzelnen Rohren des Parallelrohrsystems erreicht werden können. Solche Überbeanspruchungen führen dann zu Rohrschäden mit der Folge erhöhter Reparaturkosten und einer verminderten Verfügbarkeit der Dampferzeugungsanlage.In the case of sensors with parallel pipe systems, it is known for temperature control of the steam to provide injection coolers in front of the end heating surfaces of the high-pressure superheater and intermediate superheater. The control valves for the desuperheaters are controlled by a controller, which in turn is influenced by a temperature sensor arranged in the steam manifold and by a setpoint. In parallel pipe systems, i.e. H. With heating surfaces with pipe bundles, bulkheads or membrane walls connected in parallel, uneven heating conditions and different flow rates of the pipes are inevitable. This means that inadmissibly high temperature differences can occur between the parallel pipes and lines, which lead to inadmissibly high stresses in the material, and that, due to the operation, impermissibly high absolute temperatures can be reached on the individual pipes of the parallel pipe system. Such overstressing then leads to pipe damage with the consequence of increased repair costs and a reduced availability of the steam generating plant.

Zur Vermeidung solcher Überbeanspruchungen ist es bereits bekannt, die Dampftemperatur nach oben hin zu begrenzen. Dabei wird eine gewisse Verschlechterung des Gesamtwirkungsgrades der Dampferzeugeranlage in Kauf genommen.To avoid such overstressing, it is already known to limit the steam temperature upwards. A certain deterioration in the overall efficiency of the steam generator system is accepted.

Durch die DE-OS 17 76 137 ist es bereits bekannt, für Durchlaufdampferzeuger mit zwei parallelen Strängen jedem dieser beiden Stränge je einen Einspritzkühler zuzuordnen und diese Einspritzkühler mit einer Einspritzmenge von 2 bis 3 % zu betreiben. Bei ungleicher Belastung der Stränge sollen dann diese beiden Einspritzkühler gegensinnig gesteuert werden. Mit dieser Ausbildung eines Durchlaufdampferzeugers läßt sich eine ungleichmäßige Belastung der beiden Stränge gut ausregeln. Trotzdem können noch örtliche Überlastungen in den einzelnen Rohren ein und desselben Stranges entstehen, welche z. B. strömungsbedingt, durch lokal veränderte Dampfblasenbildung entstehen, die es geraten sein lassen, den Kessel nicht zu nahe an der theoretisch errechenbaren Höchstleistung zu betreiben.From DE-OS 17 76 137 it is already known to assign an injection cooler to each of these two branches for continuous steam generators with two parallel branches and to operate these injection coolers with an injection quantity of 2 to 3%. If the loads on the strands are unequal, these two desuperheaters should then be controlled in opposite directions. With this design of a once-through steam generator, an uneven loading of the two strands can be easily compensated for. Nevertheless, local overloads can still occur in the individual tubes of the same strand, which, for. B. caused by the flow, caused by locally changing vapor bubbles, which make it advisable not to operate the boiler too close to the theoretically calculable maximum output.

Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen Weg zu weisen, wie bei Dampferzeugern mit Parallelrohrsystemen Überbeanspruchungen einzelner Rohre oder Stränge vermieden werden können, ohne daß die Dampftemperatur allzusehr gegenüber der theoretisch zulässigen Dampftemperatur zurückgenommen werden muß.The invention is therefore based on the object of showing a way in which overstressing of individual pipes or strands can be avoided in steam generators with parallel pipe systems without the steam temperature having to be reduced excessively compared to the theoretically permissible steam temperature.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch die Merkmale des Anspruchs 1 gelöst. Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen sind in den Ansprüchen 2 bis 6 beschrieben.This object is solved by the features of claim 1. Advantageous further developments are described in claims 2 to 6.

Durch die der Zuordnung eines separaten Strangmeßfühlers für die Dampftemperatur zu einem jeden der parallel geschalteten Stränge werden einerseits ungleiche Belastungen der einzelnen Stränge erfaßt und wird zugleich die Voraussetzung geschaffen, um über eine Steuerlogik den stärker belasteten Strang durch Aufsteuem des zugeordneten Einspritzkühlers zu entlasten und durch Zusteuern des dem am wenigsten belasteten Strang zugeordneten Einspritzkühlers einen Ausgleich zu schaffen. Dadurch wird die Beanspruchung der einzelnen Stränge, wie etwa von Membranenwänden, Schotten und bestimmten Rohrbünden vergleichmäßigt. Auf dieser Vergleichmäßigung der Beanspruchung der einzelnen Stränge aufbauend, wird eine noch zuverlässigere Absicherung gegenüber Beanspruchung bzw. Übertemperaturen erreicht, wenn den heißen Enden der einzelnen Parallelrohre eines jeden Stranges separate Temperaturmeßfühler zugeordnet sind, die an eine Überwachungslogik angeschlossen sind, die den Meßwert mit der höchsten Temperatur ermittelt und mit einem fest vorgegebenen Referenzwert für die Temperatur vergleicht und den zugeordneten Einspritzkühler bei Überschreiten des Referenzwertes vorrangig zu anderen Steuerbefehlen aufsteuert. Hierdurch läßt sich wirkungsvoll eine lokale Überbeanspruchung bzw. Überhitzung vermeiden, ohne daß dadurch die Gesamtleistung des Dampferzeugers wesentlich herabgesetzt werden muß. Das heißt, die Gesamtleistung des Dampferzeugers läßt sich näher an die theoretische Höchstbelastung heranführen.By assigning a separate strand sensor for the steam temperature to each of the strands connected in parallel, on the one hand unequal loads on the individual strands are recorded and at the same time the prerequisite is created to relieve the more heavily loaded strand by controlling the assigned injection cooler and by actuating it by means of control logic to compensate for the desuperheater associated with the least loaded line. As a result, the stress on the individual strands, such as membrane walls, bulkheads and certain tube bundles, is evened out. Building on this equalization of the stress on the individual strands, an even more reliable protection against stress or overtemperature is achieved if the hot ends of the individual parallel tubes of each strand are assigned separate temperature sensors that are connected to a monitoring logic that has the highest measured value Determines the temperature and compares it with a predefined reference value for the temperature and, when the reference value is exceeded, controls the assigned injection cooler primarily for other control commands. This effectively prevents local overstressing or overheating, without the overall output of the steam generator having to be significantly reduced. This means that the total output of the steam generator can be brought closer to the theoretical maximum load.

Weitere Einzelheiten der Erfindung werden anhand eines in der Figur dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiels näher erläutert. Es zeigt :Further details of the invention are explained in more detail with reference to an embodiment shown in the figure. It shows :

Die Figur ein schematisches Schaltbild eines Dampferzeugers mit einem Parallelrohrsystem und die Schaltanordnung für die Regelung der Temperatur in den einzelnen Heizflächen.The figure is a schematic diagram of a steam generator with a parallel pipe system and the switching arrangement for regulating the temperature in the individual heating surfaces.

Bei dem in der Figur schematisch dargestellten Dampferzeuger 1 strömt das Speisewasser von unten über den hier nicht dargestellten Economiser und Verdampfer in eine Verteilerleitung 2 und von dort in die diversen in zueinander parallel geschalteten Strängen 3, 4, 5 und 6 angeschlossenen Vor- und Endüberhitzerheizflächen 7, 8, 9, 10 des Dampferzeugers 1 ein. Diese Heizflächen können Teile der Kesselaußenwand oder auch Teile einer Zwischen- oder Membranwand sein. In der Darstellung der Figur führt der linke Strang 3 in ein Teil der Außenwand 7 eines Dampferzeugers 1 und der rechte Strang 4 in eine Zwischenwand 9 des Dampferzeugers und sind die im rechten und linken Strang 3, 4 eingezeichneten oberen Heizflächen 8, 10 Endüberhitzerheizflächen, d. h. Rohrbündel, die man sich etwa im mittleren Bereich des Rauchgaszuges installiert vorstellen muß. Hinter den Endüberhitzerflächen 8, 10 münden die einzelnen Stränge in eine Dampfsammelleitung 11, die zum Verbraucher, im allgemeinen zur Dampfturbine (nicht dargestellt) führt.In the steam generator 1 shown schematically in the figure, the feed water flows from below via the economizer and evaporator (not shown here) into a distributor line 2 and from there into the various preheater and final superheater heating surfaces 7 connected in parallel lines 3, 4, 5 and 6 , 8, 9, 10 of the steam generator 1. These heating surfaces can be parts of the outer wall of the boiler or parts of an intermediate or membrane wall. In the representation of the figure leads the left strand 3 in a part of the outer wall 7 of a steam generator 1 and the right strand 4 in an intermediate wall 9 of the steam generator and are the upper heating surfaces 8, 10 shown in the right and left branches 3, 4 final superheater heating surfaces, that is to say bundles of tubes that must be installed in the middle of the flue gas duct. Behind the end superheater surfaces 8, 10, the individual strands open into a steam collecting line 11, which leads to the consumer, generally to the steam turbine (not shown).

In jeden der beiden dargestellten Stränge 3, 4 erkennt man hinter den Heizflächen 7, 9 der Kesselaußenwand bzw. der Zwischenwand und den zugehörigen Endüberhitzer Heizflächen 8, 10 je einen Einspritzkühler 12, 13, der über je ein separates, motorgesteuertes Ventil 14, 15 an die Speisewasserleitung 16 angeschlossen ist. Sowohl an den heißen Enden der Parallelrohre 17 bis 26 der einzelnen Endüberhitzer 8, 10, wie auch an den den jeweiligen Endüberhitzem verlassenden einzelnen Strängen 3 bis 6 sowie an der Sammeldampfleitung 11, in die die Stränge schließlich einmünden, sind Temperaturmeßfühler 27 bis 39 angeordnet. Die in den die Endüberhitzer 8, 10 verlassenden Strängen eingebauten Temperaturmeßfühler 37, 38 sind an einen Temperaturregler 40 angeschlossen, der seinerseits wieder über eine weitere Steuerlogik 41 mit den Stellmotoren der einzelnen Steuerventile 14, 15 der Einspritzkühler 12, 13 verbunden sind. Der Temperaturregler ist so aufgebaut, daß er in vorgegebenen Zeitintervallen den Temperaturmeßfühler 37, 38 mit der jeweils höchsten und niedrigsten Dampftemperatur ermittelt und das Steuerventil 14, 15 des Einspritzkühlers 12, 13 des Stranges 3 bis 6 mit der höchsten Dampftemperatur etwas weiter aufsteuert und das Steuerventil 14, 15 des Einspritzkühlers 12, 13 des Stranges 3 bis 6 mit der niedrigsten Dampftemperatur etwas zusteuert. Die Temperaturen der einzelnen Stränge werden so einander angenähert.In each of the two strands 3, 4 shown, one can see behind the heating surfaces 7, 9 of the outer wall of the boiler or the intermediate wall and the associated final superheater heating surfaces 8, 10 an injection cooler 12, 13, which has a separate, motor-controlled valve 14, 15 the feed water line 16 is connected. Temperature sensors 27 to 39 are arranged both on the hot ends of the parallel pipes 17 to 26 of the individual final superheaters 8, 10, as well as on the individual strands 3 to 6 leaving the respective final superheater and on the collecting steam line 11, into which the strands finally open. The temperature sensors 37, 38 installed in the strands leaving the final superheaters 8, 10 are connected to a temperature controller 40, which in turn is connected via a further control logic 41 to the servomotors of the individual control valves 14, 15 of the injection cooler 12, 13. The temperature controller is constructed in such a way that it determines the temperature sensors 37, 38 with the highest and lowest steam temperature at predetermined time intervals and controls the control valve 14, 15 of the injection cooler 12, 13 of the lines 3 to 6 with the highest steam temperature a little further and the control valve 14, 15 of the desuperheater 12, 13 of the branches 3 to 6 with the lowest steam temperature is a little controlled. The temperatures of the individual strands are thus brought closer together.

Die Temperaturmeßfühler 27 bis 36 an den Parallelrohren 17 bis 26 der einzelnen Endüberhitzer 8, 10 sind an je eine Überwachungslogik 42, 43 je Endüberhitzer angeschlossen, die sie in vorgegebenen Zeitintervallen abfragen. Die Meßwerte werden mit einem vorgegebenen Referenzwert 44, 45 in einer Vergleichsstufe 46, 47 vergleichen. Überschreitet ein Meßwert den Referenzwert, so wird in der Vergleichsstufe ein Signal gebildet, das einerseits über eine Negation 48 bis 51 und eine ODER-Funktion 52 bis 55 die Übertragung der Signale des Temperaturreglers 40 blockiert und zugleich das Steuerventil 14, 15 des Einspritzkühlers 12, 13 des zugehörigen Stranges 3 bis 6 etwas aufsteuert.The temperature sensors 27 to 36 on the parallel tubes 17 to 26 of the individual superheaters 8, 10 are each connected to a monitoring logic 42, 43 per final superheater, which they interrogate at predetermined time intervals. The measured values are compared with a predetermined reference value 44, 45 in a comparison stage 46, 47. If a measured value exceeds the reference value, a signal is formed in the comparison stage, which on the one hand blocks the transmission of the signals of the temperature controller 40 via a negation 48 to 51 and an OR function 52 to 55 and at the same time the control valve 14, 15 of the injection cooler 12, 13 of the associated strand 3 to 6 slightly open.

Der in der Dampfsammelleitung 11 befindliche Meßfühler 39 für die Dampfmischtemperatur ist an ein Regelglied 56 angeschlossen, daß diesen Meßwert mit einem Vorgabewert 57, in dem die vom Verbraucher gewünschte Dampftemperatur eingeprägt ist, vergleicht. Je nachdem ob der Meßwert oberhalb oder unterhalb dieses Sollwertes liegt, wird ein Steuerbefehl zur Auf- bzw. zur Zusteuerung erzeugt. Dieser Meßwert wird über ein ODER-Gatter 58, 59 in die Steuerleitungen aller Steuerventile 14, 15 der Einspritzkühler 12, 13 eingegeben. An den zweiten Eingang dieser ODER-Gatter 58, 59 eines jeden Steuerventiles kann ein von der Stellung des Steuerventils abhängiges Signal anliegen, das bei der Extremstellung des zugehörigen Steuerventils ausbleibt und so eine Übersteuerung desselben verhindert.The sensor 39 for the steam mixing temperature located in the steam collecting line 11 is connected to a control element 56, which compares this measured value with a preset value 57, in which the steam temperature desired by the consumer is stamped. Depending on whether the measured value is above or below this setpoint, a control command for opening or closing is generated. This measured value is input via an OR gate 58, 59 into the control lines of all control valves 14, 15 of the injection cooler 12, 13. A signal dependent on the position of the control valve can be applied to the second input of these OR gates 58, 59 of each control valve, which signal is absent when the associated control valve is in the extreme position and thus prevents the control valve from being overdriven.

Beim Betrieb des Dampferzeugers 1 wird das Speisewasser über eine hier nicht weiter dargestellte Speisewasserpumpe einen Economiser und einen Verdampfer in der Darstellung der Figur von unten über die Verteilerleitung 2 in die einzelnen zueinander parallelen Stränge 3 bis 6 und die in diesen Strängen eingebauten Vor- und Endüberhitzerheizflächen 7 bis 10 gedrückt. In ihnen wird das Speisewasser in verschiedenen Parallelrohren aufgeheizt und danach neu gesammelt und in den Parallelrohren 17 bis 26 weiterer Endüberhitzerheizflächen 8, 10 auf den gewünschten Endzustand erhitzt. Der Dampf wird in den zugehörigen Strängen 3 bis 6 gesammelt. Jeder dieser parallel geschalteten Heizflächen oder Stränge leitet den Dampf dann in die Sammeldampfleitung 11, die den überhitzten Dampf dem Verbraucher, im allgemeinen einer Dampfturbine, zuleitet.When the steam generator 1 is operating, the feed water becomes an economizer and an evaporator in the representation of the figure from below via the distribution line 2 into the individual parallel strands 3 to 6 and the preheater and final superheater heating surfaces installed in these strands via a feed water pump (not shown here) 7 to 10 pressed. In them, the feed water is heated in various parallel pipes and then collected again and heated in the parallel pipes 17 to 26 further final superheater heating surfaces 8, 10 to the desired final state. The steam is collected in the associated strands 3 to 6. Each of these heating surfaces or strands connected in parallel then conducts the steam into the collecting steam line 11, which feeds the superheated steam to the consumer, generally a steam turbine.

Infolge Ungleichmäßigkeiten in der Wärmeabgabe und infolge dynamischer Ungleichmäßigkeiten des Strömungswiderstandes in den einzelnen ParaJlelrohren - wie sie z. B. durch etwas vorzeitige Verdampfung entstehen können - entstehen in den parallelen Rohren örtlich und zeitlich unterschiedliche Rohr- und Dampftemperaturen. Diese wiederum werden von den in den einzelnen Strängen 3 bis 6 angeschlossenen Temperaturfühlern erfaßt. Sie veranlassen, daß der Temperaturregler 40 das dem heißesten Strang zugeordnete Steuerventil etwas weiter öffnet und das dem kühlsten Strang zugeordnete Steuerventil etwas weiter zu schließen. Durch diese in kurzen Zeitintervallen vorgenommene Regelungen erfolgt ein Ausgleich der Heizleistung in den verschiedenen Strängen und werden Temperaturschieflagen und' Materialüberbeanspruchungen - insbesondere im stationären Betrieb vermieden. Für das vom Temperaturfühler 39 der Dampfsammelleitung 11 gesteuerte Regelglied 56 reduziert sich dadurch die Regelstrecke zu einem einstrangigen System, so daß alle Steuerventile zu dieser Hauptregelung nur parallel verstellt zu werden brauchen. Dies kann unabhängig von der jeweiligen Öffnungsposition der einzelnen Steuerventile der Einspritzkühler erfolgen. Nur bei Endlagen, werden jene Steuerbefehle des Regelgliedes 56, die zu einer Überschreitung dieser Endlagen führen würden, unterdrückt. Die hierzu gegenläufigen Befehle werden durch die Aufteilung in einen schliessenden Signalweg 60, 61 und einen öffnenden Signalweg 62, 63 und die Zwischenschaltung von ODER-Gattem 64 bis 67 durchgelassen. Diese ODER-Gatter steuern im Stromkreis der Stellmotore der Steuerventile liegende Schaltelemente 68 bis 71.As a result of non-uniformities in the heat emission and due to dynamic non-uniformities in the flow resistance in the individual ParaJlelrohre - as z. B. can arise from a little premature evaporation - arise in the parallel tubes locally and temporally different tube and steam temperatures. These in turn are detected by the temperature sensors connected in the individual lines 3 to 6. They cause the temperature controller 40 to open the control valve assigned to the hottest line a little further and to close the control valve assigned to the coolest line a little further. Through this distinction made in short time intervals compensation arrangements of the heat output takes place in the different strands and temperature Chief positions and 'material overstressing - avoided especially during stationary operation. For the control element 56 controlled by the temperature sensor 39 of the steam collecting line 11, the controlled system is reduced to a single-line system, so that all control valves for this main control need only be adjusted in parallel. This can be done regardless of the respective opening position of the individual control valves of the desuperheaters. Only in the case of end positions are those control commands of the control element 56 which would result in these end positions being exceeded are suppressed. The opposing commands are passed through the division into a closing signal path 60, 61 and an opening signal path 62, 63 and the interposition of OR gates 64 to 67. These OR gates control switching elements 68 to 71 located in the circuit of the servomotors of the control valves.

Hiervon unabhängig wird durch die Überwachungslogik 42, 43 verhindert, daß einzelne Parallelrohre in den Heizflächen der Endüberhitzer oder Zwischenüberhitzer überlastet werden können. Dies geschieht durch Blockierung der Signalübertragung seitens des Temperaturreglers und des Regelgliedes in Schließrichtung bei gleichzeitiger Aufsteuerung des Steuerventils des zugeordneten Einspritzkühlers.Irrespective of this, the monitoring logic 42, 43 prevents individual parallel pipes in the heating surfaces of the final superheater or intermediate superheater from being overloaded. this happens by blocking the signal transmission on the part of the temperature controller and the control element in the closing direction while simultaneously opening the control valve of the associated injection cooler.

Diese Art der Temperaturregelung beim Dampferzeuger läßt sich in analoger Weise auch für Zwischenüberhitzerheizflächen etwa vor der Mittel- und Niederdruckstufe einer Dampfturbine einsetzen. Sie erlaubt es dem Dampferzeuger, näher an seine theoretisch gerade noch zulässige Leistungsobergrenze heranzufahren, ohne örtlich oder zeitlich unzulässige thermische Belastung befürchten zu müssen. Hierdurch läßt sich eine höhere Leistung und ein höherer Wirkungsgrad des Dampferzeugers erreichen.

Figure imgb0001
This type of temperature control in the steam generator can also be used in an analogous manner for reheater heating surfaces, for example before the medium and low pressure stage of a steam turbine. It allows the steam generator to move closer to its theoretically just permissible upper power limit without having to fear thermal loads that are impermissible in terms of location or time. As a result, a higher output and a higher efficiency of the steam generator can be achieved.
Figure imgb0001

Claims (6)

1. Steam generator having a temperature-regulated parallel pipe system with injection coolers (12, 13) which are connected upstream of the end heating surfaces (7, 8, 9, 10) of the individual lines (3, 4, 5, 6) of the parallel pipe system, having a measuring sensor (39) for the temperature of the mixed steam downstream of the parallel pipe system, said sensor being connected to the steam collecting line (11) which accommodates the individual lines, and having a regulating device for the injection coolers, which device is controlled by the measuring sensor and a desired value input, there being associated with each of the lines (3 to 6) which are connected in parallel a separate temperature measuring sensor (37, 38) for the steam temperature, said temperature measuring sensors being connected to a temperature regulator (40) which controllably opens the injection cooler (12, 13) of the line with the highest steam temperature and controllably closes the injection cooler (12, 13) of the line with the lowest steam temperature, there being associated with the hot ends of the individual parallel pipes (17 to 26) of each line (3 to 6) separate temperature measuring sensors (27 to 36) which are connected to a monitoring logic system (42, 43) which determines the measured value with the highest temperature and compares it with a fixedly preset reference value (44, 45) for the temperature and controllably opens the associated injection cooler (12, 13) when the reference value is exceeded, with priority over other control commands.
2. Temperature regulation according to claim 1, characterised in that the signals of the temperature measuring sensor (39) connected to the steam collecting line (11) controllably open or close, by means of the regulating element, all the injection coolers (12, 13) synchronously, yet with the other control signals having priority over them.
3. Temperature regulation according to claim 1, characterised in that the injection coolers (12, 13) can be actuated by way of control valves (14, 15).
4. Temperature regulation according to claim 3, characterised in that the control valves (12, 13) can be controllably opened and closed stepwise by way of control pulses.
5. Temperature regulation according to claim 1, characterised in that the control signals of the monitoring logic system (42, 43) block the control commands of the temperature regulator (40) by way of a negation and an AND element (52 to 55) connected in the control path of the control logic system and controllably open the control valve (14, 15) for the injection cooler (12, 13).
6. Temperature regulation according to claim 1, characterised in that the temperature sensors (27 to 36) are connected only to individual representative parallel pipes (17 to 26) of a respective heating surface (8, 10).
EP86102729A 1985-03-16 1986-03-03 Steam generator with a temperature-regulated parallel-tube system Expired EP0195298B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT86102729T ATE48184T1 (en) 1985-03-16 1986-03-03 STEAM GENERATOR WITH A TEMPERATURE-CONTROLLED PARALLEL PIPE SYSTEM.

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DE19853509637 DE3509637A1 (en) 1985-03-16 1985-03-16 STEAM GENERATOR WITH A TEMPERATURE CONTROLLED PARALLEL TUBE SYSTEM
DE3509637 1985-03-16

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EP0195298A1 EP0195298A1 (en) 1986-09-24
EP0195298B1 true EP0195298B1 (en) 1989-11-23

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JP (1) JPS61213504A (en)
AT (1) ATE48184T1 (en)
DE (2) DE3509637A1 (en)
DK (1) DK161404C (en)
ES (1) ES8708048A1 (en)
FI (1) FI84201C (en)
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US20120325165A1 (en) * 2011-06-21 2012-12-27 Hicks Timothy E Dual path parallel superheater
US9841185B2 (en) * 2013-10-29 2017-12-12 Emerson Process Management Power & Water Solutions, Inc. Steam temperature control using model-based temperature balancing

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FR729304A (en) * 1931-02-07 1932-07-21 Sulzer Ag High pressure steam generator containing a small amount of fluid
FR1340917A (en) * 1962-08-23 1963-10-25 Babcock & Wilcox Co Regulation installation for steam generator
CH488147A (en) * 1968-03-15 1970-03-31 Sulzer Ag Forced steam generator
DE1776137A1 (en) * 1968-09-27 1971-10-07 Siemens Ag Continuous steam generator with working medium flow divided at least in the area of steam overheating
US4289114A (en) * 1978-09-12 1981-09-15 The Babcock & Wilcox Company Control system for a solar steam generator

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DK161404B (en) 1991-07-01
FI84201B (en) 1991-07-15
ATE48184T1 (en) 1989-12-15
EP0195298A1 (en) 1986-09-24
ES8708048A1 (en) 1987-09-01
DK161404C (en) 1991-12-09
DE3667097D1 (en) 1989-12-28
FI860864A0 (en) 1986-02-28
DK113186A (en) 1986-09-17
DK113186D0 (en) 1986-03-12
FI84201C (en) 1991-10-25
FI860864A (en) 1986-09-17
YU33486A (en) 1990-10-31
ES553030A0 (en) 1987-09-01
JPS61213504A (en) 1986-09-22
DE3509637A1 (en) 1986-09-18

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