EP0192573A1 - System zum Plasmaschneiden oder Plasmaschweissen mit Zeitregler - Google Patents

System zum Plasmaschneiden oder Plasmaschweissen mit Zeitregler Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0192573A1
EP0192573A1 EP86400343A EP86400343A EP0192573A1 EP 0192573 A1 EP0192573 A1 EP 0192573A1 EP 86400343 A EP86400343 A EP 86400343A EP 86400343 A EP86400343 A EP 86400343A EP 0192573 A1 EP0192573 A1 EP 0192573A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
torch
cutting
duration
flow
time interval
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP86400343A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0192573B1 (de
Inventor
Gérard Marhic
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Air Liquide SA
LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
Lincoln Electric Co France SA
Original Assignee
La Soudure Autogene Francaise
Air Liquide SA
LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by La Soudure Autogene Francaise, Air Liquide SA, LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude filed Critical La Soudure Autogene Francaise
Priority to AT86400343T priority Critical patent/ATE46804T1/de
Publication of EP0192573A1 publication Critical patent/EP0192573A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0192573B1 publication Critical patent/EP0192573B1/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24—Generating plasma
    • H05H1/26—Plasma torches
    • H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
    • H05H1/34—Details, e.g. electrodes, nozzles
    • H05H1/36—Circuit arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24—Generating plasma
    • H05H1/26—Plasma torches
    • H05H1/28—Cooling arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24—Generating plasma
    • H05H1/26—Plasma torches
    • H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
    • H05H1/34—Details, e.g. electrodes, nozzles
    • H05H1/3494—Means for controlling discharge parameters

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a plasma welding or cutting system consisting in particular of a torch comprising at least one electrode and a nozzle, means for supplying gas to the torch to supply the latter with plasma gas, as well as means power supply to the torch to generate, maintain or cut an electric arc of welding or plasma cutting.
  • the nozzle is thus mounted to slide freely in the body of the torch, so as to come into contact with the electrode when the torch is applied against a workpiece.
  • an arc lights up between the electrode and the nozzle making it possible to initiate and maintain an electric arc between these parts, said arc being transferred to the part to be cut.
  • the plasma gas continues to be injected into the torch as long as the system is kept energized. This makes it possible in particular to cool the torch after use.
  • the system is not very economical, since plasma gas is also injected in the absence of an electric arc. In addition, it is particularly troublesome during ignition by short circuit, because it requires a large force to achieve it. If the workpiece is thin and cantilevered, ignition becomes very difficult.
  • the system according to the invention makes it possible to avoid this drawback.
  • it includes timing means connected, on the one hand, to the electrical supply means of the torch and on the other hand, to the gas supply means of the torch, said timing means being sensitive to switching off the electric arc of the torch and controlling the closing of the gas supply means to the torch after a predetermined time interval following the interruption of the electric arc, so as to cool the torch during said time interval.
  • said time delay means comprise means for adjusting the predetermined time interval.
  • the system according to the invention is characterized in that the gas supply means comprise in particular a first solenoid valve, the opening or closing of which controls the passage of the plasma gas, the electrical circuit for controlling said solenoid valve being connected to the power supply means via the timing means.
  • the gas supply means comprise in particular a first solenoid valve, the opening or closing of which controls the passage of the plasma gas, the electrical circuit for controlling said solenoid valve being connected to the power supply means via the timing means.
  • the nozzle which is movable in the torch body can, for example, under the effect of the weight of the torch, slide in its housing and come to inadvertently start the ignition process of the arc, without deliberate action of the operator.
  • the gas supply means comprise in particular a second solenoid valve with two flow rates, the electrical control circuit of which is connected to the electrical supply means, the first flow rate corresponding to the phases to generate and maintain the electric arc, the second flow, lower than the first, corresponding to the phase in which the electric arc is cut while the installation is still energized, this second flow having a sufficient value for keep the nozzle and the electrode away from each other, regardless of the position of the torch.
  • the cutting of the plasma electric arc causes the passage from the normal flow to the low flow of the second solenoid valve, this low flow making it possible both to cool the electrode and the nozzle on the one hand, and to maintain the nozzle on its seat at a distance from the electrode, on the other hand.
  • this second embodiment of the invention particularly applicable in the case where the second (low) flow rate of the second solenoid valve is not sufficient to properly cool the electrode and the nozzle, it is intended that the means of time delay are inserted between the control circuit of the second solenoid valve and the electrical supply means, the gas supply means being always open when the system is energized, so as to cool the torch using of the first gas flow from the second solenoid valve, when the electric arc is cut off, then maintaining the gap between the electrode and the nozzle using the second flow of the second solenoid valve.
  • the user may wish to reactivate the torch also for the duration of the time delay, during which the gas flow is identical to the gas flow of the torch during the welding or cutting phase.
  • the force to be exerted on the torch to cause the short circuit is much greater than when starting without gas flow or at low gas level. It is then found that the lighting of the torch is very difficult, in particular on a thin plate, in overhang.
  • the second in which the time delay varies continuously according to the duration of use of the torch, up to a maximum threshold, whatever this duration of use.
  • this tenporization will have a zero duration when the duration of the previous cutting step is less than a predetermined value.
  • the duration of this time delay will be a function of the preceding cutting duration, without being able to exceed a maximum value defined experimentally as a function of the structure and the materials used in this torch.
  • This maximum duration is that which makes it possible to reduce the temperature of the nozzle to a value of the order of ambient temperature, for the gas flow rate used with this torch.
  • the function which defines the duration of the temperature will preferably be a function of the exponential type;
  • the corresponding electrical circuit will preferably use the charge and / or discharge of a capacitor, triggered by the start of the cutting operation, to determine the duration of the time delay.
  • the means necessary for these two alternatives are part of the means for adjusting the predetermined time interval.
  • a terminal 45 of the secondary 33 of the transformer 31 is also connected to the part 7 by a circuit incorporating in series a thermal contact 46, opening in the event of an abnormal rise in temperature, placed in the windings of the main transformer 10, a contact 47 closing under the effect of a gas pressure, placed in the gas supply pipe of the torch, an excitation winding 48, associated with an impedance 49 (capacitor 50 and resistor 51 in parallel), this winding 48 controlling, in the excited state, the closing of the contact 43, the whole being connected, by a diode 52, to the terminal 24 of the inductor 23, while the negative terminal 18 is connected, by a diode 53, to the other secondary 33 terminal of transformer 31.
  • the terminal 22 of the inductor 23 is connected by a conductor 55 to resistance 56 to the terminal 45 of the secondary 33 of the transformer 31.
  • the solenoid valve V 1 constitutes with the gas supply pipe (and the general gas supply tap, not shown) the gas supply means GM
  • the arc is formed by the coming into mutual contact of the electrode 2, the nozzle 3 and the part 7.
  • the auxiliary circuit 30 supplies, from the transformer 31, the winding 48 which is excited, via safety contacts 46 and 47 and short-circuit 2-3-7, which causes contact 43 of relay 48 to close, thus energizing windings 42 and 142, causing contact 15 to close of the main transformer 10, as well as the closing of the contact 86, so that the plasma gas reaches and flows into the torch through the passages 500 and 501.
  • the spacing of the electrode 2 of the nozzle 3 forms the arc welding or cutting between electrode 2 and part 7 and thus establishes the welding or cutting current.
  • Maintaining the excitation of the winding 48 is ensured by the voltage at the terminals 22-24 of the inductor 23, which depends on the existence of the welding or cutting current, this voltage ensuring the supply of the winding 48 via the conductor 55, the resistor 56, the safety contacts 46, 47 and the unidirectional element 52.
  • the contact 43 opens, the winding 42 is also de-energized opening the contact 15.
  • the winding 142 is also de-energized causing the delayed resting of the relay 86 and the closing of the solenoid valve V 1 , the winding of which 44 is no longer powered.
  • the duration of the delay at the closing of V I varies between 5 and 15 seconds. This interval is determined experimentally according to the characteristics of the torch and its use.
  • a control circuit (lamp 60 and unidirectional element 61) optically signals the correct state of the gas supply and the non-heating of the transformer 10.
  • the lamp 62 is in series with a bimetallic switch 64, so that in normal operation this lamp 62 lights up dimly and goes out during '' a stop of operation.
  • the lamp 62 will start to flash in the event that the winding 42 or the contact 15 are defective, due to the existence of a high open-circuit voltage across the terminals of the secondary 16 of the transformer 10.
  • a sound device 65 in parallel on the lamp 62.
  • FIG. 2 shows an alternative embodiment of the system of Figure 1, in which the same elements as those of Figure 1 have the same references.
  • the winding 44 in this variant is part of the auxiliary control circuit 30.
  • the CGM delay means here consist of a double-flow solenoid valve V 2 controlled by the winding 84, connected in series with a timed switch 85.
  • the ends of the winding 84 and the timed switch 85, not connected between them, are connected in parallel on the winding 44 and across the secondary of the transformer 31.
  • the first flow of the solenoid valve V 2 corresponds to the normal flow of the device, this flow being at least equal to the flow of the solenoid valve V 1 .
  • the second flow rate of the solenoid valve V 2 is low, compared to the first and makes it possible to generate a calibrated gas leak.
  • This calibrated gas leak has a sufficient value to allow the nozzle and the electrode to be kept at a distance, that is to say to keep the movable nozzle resting on its seat in the torch body 1.
  • the value of this second flow is determined experimentally and the valve V 2 is chosen or adjusted so as to obtain said flow in its second position.
  • the formation of the welding or cutting arc is carried out in the same manner as above.
  • the striking of the arc causes the opening of V 2 in its position of first flow.
  • the winding 48 is de-energized, the contact 43 opens, which also de-energizes the windings 42 and 142.
  • the plasma gas flow is maintained at its maximum value, which ensures rapid cooling of the torch.
  • the variant described in this FIG. 2 therefore corresponds to a predetermined fixed time delay of the relay 85.
  • the timing circuit CGM of FIG. 2 it is also possible to eliminate the winding 142 and the timed switch 85 in the timing circuit CGM of FIG. 2. From in this way, when the operator causes the welding arc to extinguish, this generates, through the winding 84, a tilting of the solenoid valve V 2 in its low flow position, the latter being then sufficient on the one hand to maintain the nozzle on its seat, away from the electrode, and on the other hand to cool the electrode and / or the nozzle of the torch.
  • the timing means CGM are thus reduced to the means for switching the solenoid valve V 2 from the position of first flow to the position of second flow.
  • the second flow (calibrated leak) will be such that it cannot allow both the creation and maintenance of a plasma arc as well as sufficient cooling of the torch.
  • FIG. 3 represents a second alternative embodiment of the system according to the invention comprising a time delay varying continuously as a function of the duration of the preceding cutting step.
  • the circuit represented in this FIG. 3 is similar to that of FIG. 2, except on the one hand, of the contacts of the winding 142, and on the other hand, of the circuit 179 allowing the variation of the time delay.
  • the timed contact 85 in FIG. 2 has been replaced by a single contact 85 and a second contact 185 in parallel on 85.
  • This contact 185 is controlled, as will be seen below, by the winding 242.
  • the circuit 179 is connected, on the input connections of a rectifier bridge P whose negative and positive outputs are connected on the one hand to the terminals of a capacitor C1 and on the other goes to resistor R1 in series with the Zener diode Z1.
  • a stabilized voltage V of value equal to its Zener voltage
  • the first end of the contact 143 is connected to the resistor R2, connected in series with the capacitor C2, the negative armature is connected to ground.
  • this diode Zl is also connected a divider bridge R4-R5, the midpoint of which (at voltage V c ) is connected to the negative input of a comparator amplifier Al, the positive input of which is connected to the common point. to the resistor R2 and to the capacitor C2 (at the voltage V A ), this common point also being connected to ground via the resistor R3 in order to allow (when necessary) the discharge of the capacitor C2.
  • the comparator amplifier Al is supplied at voltage V, while the output of Al (at voltage V B ) is connected via a resistor R6 to the base of a transistor Tl whose emitter is connected to earth (negative pole of rectifier bridge P). The base of Tl is also earthed via the resistor R7.
  • the collector of Tl is polarized by means of the winding 242, which controls the opening or closing of the contact 185, a diode Dl being connected in parallel on the winding 242, in the conductive direction of the collector towards the positive supply chosen at the common point of R1 and Cl.
  • FIG. 4 represents, on the curve located in the upper part of the figure, the variation of the voltage V A as a function of time t, and on the curve located in the lower part of the figure, the duration at t of the time delay, as a function of the duration t of the cut.
  • the start-up of the cutting circuit is identical to that described in FIG. 2.
  • the contact 85 closes, which generates a "high flow rate" of gas during the cutting period.
  • time t o the voltage on the negative input of the comparator amplifier A1 being greater than that on the positive input, the transistor Tl is blocked and the winding 242 is not energized.
  • Switch 185 is open.
  • the contact 85 also opens, which results in a de-excitation of the winding 84, the valve V2 immediately moving to the "low flow” position.
  • FIG. 4 also shows that if one stops the cutting operation at times t 2 or t 3 , ..., one will obtain a time delay ⁇ t of duration ⁇ t 2 , ⁇ t 3 , ....
  • the duration ⁇ t of the time delay becomes substantially constant ( ⁇ t 2 substantially equal to ⁇ t 3 ).
  • FIG. 5 represents a third alternative embodiment of the system according to the invention comprising a double duration time delay.
  • the time delay when the duration of the cutting operation has been less than a predetermined value, the time delay at a low duration of predetermined value, possibly adjustable. This short duration is generally zero.
  • the duration of the cutting step is greater than this predetermined value (long duration cutting)
  • the time delay takes a second predetermined value, possibly adjustable, longer than the previous one. In practice, however, the duration of the longest time delay does not generally exceed a few seconds.
  • the circuit shown in FIG. 5 is substantially identical to that shown in FIG. 4 with the following differences: the contact 185 has been replaced by a timed contact 385, in parallel on the contact 185, while the supply to the collector Tl via the winding 242 is done via a contact 285 whose closing and opening are controlled by the excitation and de-excitation of the winding 142, which also controls the closing and opening of the contact 85 .

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Plasma Technology (AREA)
  • Arc Welding In General (AREA)
  • Arc Welding Control (AREA)
  • Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
EP86400343A 1985-02-22 1986-02-19 System zum Plasmaschneiden oder Plasmaschweissen mit Zeitregler Expired EP0192573B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT86400343T ATE46804T1 (de) 1985-02-22 1986-02-19 System zum plasmaschneiden oder plasmaschweissen mit zeitregler.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8502554A FR2578138B1 (fr) 1985-02-22 1985-02-22 Systeme de soudage ou de coupage plasma muni d'une temporisation
FR8502554 1985-02-22

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0192573A1 true EP0192573A1 (de) 1986-08-27
EP0192573B1 EP0192573B1 (de) 1989-09-27

Family

ID=9316525

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP86400343A Expired EP0192573B1 (de) 1985-02-22 1986-02-19 System zum Plasmaschneiden oder Plasmaschweissen mit Zeitregler

Country Status (14)

Country Link
US (1) US4692582A (de)
EP (1) EP0192573B1 (de)
JP (1) JPS61222678A (de)
AR (1) AR240119A1 (de)
AT (1) ATE46804T1 (de)
AU (1) AU577673B2 (de)
BR (1) BR8600731A (de)
CA (1) CA1253578A (de)
DE (1) DE3665970D1 (de)
DK (1) DK169455B1 (de)
ES (1) ES8705181A1 (de)
FR (1) FR2578138B1 (de)
PT (1) PT82065B (de)
ZA (1) ZA861214B (de)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0339920A2 (de) * 1988-04-26 1989-11-02 Daihen Corporation Wassergekühlte Plasmabogenbearbeitungseinrichtung
DE3840459A1 (de) * 1988-11-14 1990-05-17 Merkle Wilhelm Schweissmasch Schneidbrenner

Families Citing this family (23)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5166494A (en) * 1990-04-24 1992-11-24 Hypertherm, Inc. Process and apparatus for reducing electrode wear in a plasma arc torch
US5396043A (en) * 1988-06-07 1995-03-07 Hypertherm, Inc. Plasma arc cutting process and apparatus using an oxygen-rich gas shield
US5070227A (en) * 1990-04-24 1991-12-03 Hypertherm, Inc. Proceses and apparatus for reducing electrode wear in a plasma arc torch
US5695662A (en) * 1988-06-07 1997-12-09 Hypertherm, Inc. Plasma arc cutting process and apparatus using an oxygen-rich gas shield
IT1225341B (it) * 1988-11-15 1990-11-13 Cebora Spa Circuito di protezione per una apparecchiatura di saldatura o taglio al plasma con arco non trasferito o trasferito
US4973816A (en) * 1989-03-28 1990-11-27 Delaware Capital Formation, Inc. Plasma torch with safety switch
US4996407A (en) * 1989-04-03 1991-02-26 Hyperpower, Inc. Plasma arc transfer controller
US5216221A (en) * 1992-01-17 1993-06-01 Esab Welding Products, Inc. Plasma arc torch power disabling mechanism
US5416297A (en) * 1993-03-30 1995-05-16 Hypertherm, Inc. Plasma arc torch ignition circuit and method
US5620617A (en) * 1995-10-30 1997-04-15 Hypertherm, Inc. Circuitry and method for maintaining a plasma arc during operation of a plasma arc torch system
US5961855A (en) * 1998-01-28 1999-10-05 Thermal Dynamics Corporation Low voltage electrical based parts-in-place (PIP) system for contact start torch
US6677551B2 (en) * 1998-10-23 2004-01-13 Innerlogic, Inc. Process for operating a plasma arc torch
US6163009A (en) * 1998-10-23 2000-12-19 Innerlogic, Inc. Process for operating a plasma arc torch
US6498317B2 (en) 1998-10-23 2002-12-24 Innerlogic, Inc. Process for operating a plasma arc torch
US6326583B1 (en) 2000-03-31 2001-12-04 Innerlogic, Inc. Gas control system for a plasma arc torch
DE29911974U1 (de) * 1999-07-09 2000-11-23 Agrodyn Hochspannungstechnik G Plasmadüse
US6350960B1 (en) 2000-11-28 2002-02-26 Thermal Dynamics Corporation Parts-in-place safety reset circuit and method for contact start plasma-arc torch
US7807937B2 (en) * 2005-01-03 2010-10-05 Illinois Tool Works Inc. Method and system of conserving plasma torch consumable
US20080055795A1 (en) * 2006-08-25 2008-03-06 Miller Theodore J Power supply start-up circuit for a trip unit and circuit interrupter including the same
US8258423B2 (en) * 2009-08-10 2012-09-04 The Esab Group, Inc. Retract start plasma torch with reversible coolant flow
US9949356B2 (en) 2012-07-11 2018-04-17 Lincoln Global, Inc. Electrode for a plasma arc cutting torch
CN109475967A (zh) * 2016-07-29 2019-03-15 伊利诺斯工具制品有限公司 具有包括可移动等离子体喷嘴的外壳的自动化等离子体切割设备以及等离子体切割系统
EP3846593B1 (de) * 2018-08-28 2023-05-31 Fuji Corporation Plasmaerzeugungsvorrichtung und plasmakopfkühlverfahren

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3242305A (en) * 1963-07-03 1966-03-22 Union Carbide Corp Pressure retract arc torch
US3433927A (en) * 1964-05-21 1969-03-18 Union Carbide Corp Method for establishing and closing an arc weld
US4122327A (en) * 1975-07-17 1978-10-24 Metco Inc. Automatic plasma flame spraying process and apparatus

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1572847A (en) * 1977-03-18 1980-08-06 Rolls Royce Plasma arc welding
JPS5768270A (en) * 1980-10-17 1982-04-26 Hitachi Ltd Control method for plasma cutting
FR2562453B1 (fr) * 1984-04-04 1988-02-26 Soudure Autogene Francaise Equipement de coupage plasma de tres faible puissance
US4580032A (en) * 1984-12-27 1986-04-01 Union Carbide Corporation Plasma torch safety device

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3242305A (en) * 1963-07-03 1966-03-22 Union Carbide Corp Pressure retract arc torch
US3433927A (en) * 1964-05-21 1969-03-18 Union Carbide Corp Method for establishing and closing an arc weld
US4122327A (en) * 1975-07-17 1978-10-24 Metco Inc. Automatic plasma flame spraying process and apparatus

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0339920A2 (de) * 1988-04-26 1989-11-02 Daihen Corporation Wassergekühlte Plasmabogenbearbeitungseinrichtung
EP0339920A3 (en) * 1988-04-26 1990-01-03 Daihen Corporation Water cooling plasma arc working apparatus
DE3840459A1 (de) * 1988-11-14 1990-05-17 Merkle Wilhelm Schweissmasch Schneidbrenner

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA1253578A (fr) 1989-05-02
DE3665970D1 (en) 1989-11-02
BR8600731A (pt) 1986-11-04
DK78386D0 (da) 1986-02-20
ES8705181A1 (es) 1987-04-16
FR2578138B1 (fr) 1987-03-27
JPH029917B2 (de) 1990-03-05
DK78386A (da) 1986-08-23
EP0192573B1 (de) 1989-09-27
PT82065A (fr) 1986-03-01
ATE46804T1 (de) 1989-10-15
US4692582A (en) 1987-09-08
JPS61222678A (ja) 1986-10-03
AR240119A1 (es) 1990-01-31
PT82065B (pt) 1992-05-29
DK169455B1 (da) 1994-10-31
AU5378386A (en) 1986-08-28
ZA861214B (en) 1986-10-29
FR2578138A1 (fr) 1986-08-29
AU577673B2 (en) 1988-09-29
ES552069A0 (es) 1987-04-16

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