EP0191873A1 - Verfahren und legierter Stahl zum Herstellen hochfester Schmiedestücke - Google Patents
Verfahren und legierter Stahl zum Herstellen hochfester Schmiedestücke Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0191873A1 EP0191873A1 EP85101721A EP85101721A EP0191873A1 EP 0191873 A1 EP0191873 A1 EP 0191873A1 EP 85101721 A EP85101721 A EP 85101721A EP 85101721 A EP85101721 A EP 85101721A EP 0191873 A1 EP0191873 A1 EP 0191873A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- steel
- forging
- forgings
- alloy
- tempering
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title abstract description 4
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 4
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 3
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001563 bainite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910001562 pearlite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010309 melting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010583 slow cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/02—Hardening articles or materials formed by forging or rolling, with no further heating beyond that required for the formation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
Definitions
- This invention concerns a method and a steel alloy for the production of high-strength hot forgings, the billets being cold sheared from cast or hot-rolled steel and the finished forging being immediately quenched from the forging temperature, machined and used without tempering.
- the forgings can also be assembled by fusion welding a number of parts together.
- the object of the method according to this invention is to present a method of producing hot forgings which does not exhibit the deficiencies inherent in existing methods.
- a feature of the method covered by this invention is that, for manufacturing the forging, a steel is used of the following composition: the remainder being iron and the usual impurities with hardness, when air-colled, of, at most, 225 HB.
- the shearing of the billets from the cast bar or from the hot-rolled semi-products can be performed cold.
- the method according to the invention is also characterized by the fact that the tensile strength of forgings obtained by this method is at least 900 N/mm 2 , when quenched from forging temperature and without tempering, 0.2-proof stress at least 700 N/mm 2 and the impact toughness at room temperature at least 25 J measured on a V-notched specimen.
- Another feature of the method covered by this invention is that, on large diameter forgings, such as the front axle beams of lorries, in order to increase the hardenability, boron additives are used in the steel, so that the steel contains the following elements:
- a further feature of the method according to the invention is that, because of the favourable composition of the steel, the forgings can be assembled by fusion welding from a number of parts.
- the as-cast billets can be used directly as forging blanks.
- the invention also concerns a steel alloy suitable for producing high-strength hot forgings by direct quenching.
- a feature of this alloy is that the composition of the alloy is as follows, with a composition as follows: the remainder being iron and the usual impurities, and in which without tempering the tensile strength is at least 900 N/mm 2 , 0.2-proof stress at least 700 N/mm2 and the impact toughness at room temperature at least 25 J measured on a V-notched impact bar, and hardness, when air cooled, does not exceed 225 HB, when the forging produced from this alloy is intended to be immediately quenched (in water for instance) from the forging temperature.
- the alloy according to the invention may also contain 0.02 - 0.15 % sulphur to improve machinability.
- the minimum carbon content is determined by the minimum tensile strength required, while the maximum is determined by the maximum hardness of the air-cooled steel and the need for weldability and machinability in the quenched condition.
- Silicon is an element which greatly strengthens iron and its content should be kept as low as possible for segregation.
- manganese During quenching, manganese also promotes the formation of brittle upper bainite in the microstructure together with martensite. After cooling in air, on the other hand, manganese greatly increases the amount of pearlite, thus strengthening the steel and making cold shearing difficult. For these reasons and also having regard to steel production techniques, the manganese content should not exceed about 1 %.
- Chromium is an advantageous alloying element for increasing hardenability. Chromium does not strengthen ferrite and its effect on strength is slight in the case of slow cooling.
- Chromium promotes formation not only of martensite but also of a tough and ductile fine lamellar pearlite. Little chromium segregation occurs during solidification and chromium gives rise to no problems even in the manufacturing processes.
- the minimum amount of chromium is determined by economic factors. If greater hardenability is required, it is economically advantageous to use boron additions which implies successful aluminium and /or titanium alloying. Alloying with boron does not in any way increase the strength of air-cooled steel and is therefore advantageous particularly when cold shearing is involved.
- test results were obtained with hot forgings quenched in water from a finishing forging temperature of 950 - 1050 °C without tempering.
- the results show that with the method according to the invention it is possible to produce high-strength hot forgings by quenching the forgings immediately from forging temperature, with an impact strength equivalent to that of conventionally heat-treated steels.
- Air-cooled steel according to the invention is - as far as hardness is concerned - suitable for cold shearing.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Steel (AREA)
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP85101721A EP0191873B1 (de) | 1985-02-16 | 1985-02-16 | Verfahren und legierter Stahl zum Herstellen hochfester Schmiedestücke |
AT85101721T ATE44290T1 (de) | 1985-02-16 | 1985-02-16 | Verfahren und legierter stahl zum herstellen hochfester schmiedestuecke. |
DE8585101721T DE3571254D1 (en) | 1985-02-16 | 1985-02-16 | Method and steel alloy for producing high-strength hot forgings |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP85101721A EP0191873B1 (de) | 1985-02-16 | 1985-02-16 | Verfahren und legierter Stahl zum Herstellen hochfester Schmiedestücke |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0191873A1 true EP0191873A1 (de) | 1986-08-27 |
EP0191873B1 EP0191873B1 (de) | 1989-06-28 |
Family
ID=8193304
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP85101721A Expired EP0191873B1 (de) | 1985-02-16 | 1985-02-16 | Verfahren und legierter Stahl zum Herstellen hochfester Schmiedestücke |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0191873B1 (de) |
AT (1) | ATE44290T1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE3571254D1 (de) |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0314144A1 (de) * | 1987-10-29 | 1989-05-03 | Nkk Corporation | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Gegenständen aus hochzähem und hochfestem Stahl |
EP0775756A1 (de) * | 1995-11-27 | 1997-05-28 | ASCOMETAL (Société anonyme) | Stahl für die Herstellung von Schmiedestücken mit bainitischer Struktur, und Herstellungsverfahren dieser Erzeugnisse |
FR2756298A1 (fr) * | 1996-11-26 | 1998-05-29 | Ascometal Sa | Acier et procede pour la fabrication d'une piece de mecanique ayant une structure bainitique |
EP0851038A1 (de) * | 1996-12-31 | 1998-07-01 | Ascometal | Stahl und Verfahren zur Formung eines Stahlwerkstückes durch kalte plastische Verarbeitung |
DE102007023309A1 (de) * | 2007-05-16 | 2008-11-20 | Benteler Stahl/Rohr Gmbh | Verwendung einer Stahllegierung für Achsrohre sowie Achsrohr aus einer Stahllegierung |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE749477C (de) * | 1941-12-23 | 1953-03-23 | Edelstahlwerke A G Krefeld Deu | Stahl mit hohem Widerstand gegen schlagartige Beanspruchung |
DE927213C (de) * | 1942-08-12 | 1955-05-02 | Oberhuetten Vereinigte Obersch | Aus Baustaehlen bestehende Gegenstaende |
DE1033692B (de) * | 1952-11-29 | 1958-07-10 | Boehler & Co Ag Geb | Verwendung naturharter borhaltiger molybdaenfreier Baustaehle |
EP0052308A1 (de) * | 1980-11-18 | 1982-05-26 | Thyssen Industrie Ag | Verfahren zum Herstellen eines hochbeanspruchbaren Schmiedeteils aus Stahl |
EP0072867A1 (de) * | 1981-02-20 | 1983-03-02 | Kawasaki Steel Corporation | Verfahren zur herstellung eines hochfesten warmgewalzten stahlbandes mit geringem streckgrenze/bruchfertigkeitsverhältnis auf grund des darin vorhandenen mischgefüges |
-
1985
- 1985-02-16 DE DE8585101721T patent/DE3571254D1/de not_active Expired
- 1985-02-16 AT AT85101721T patent/ATE44290T1/de active
- 1985-02-16 EP EP85101721A patent/EP0191873B1/de not_active Expired
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE749477C (de) * | 1941-12-23 | 1953-03-23 | Edelstahlwerke A G Krefeld Deu | Stahl mit hohem Widerstand gegen schlagartige Beanspruchung |
DE927213C (de) * | 1942-08-12 | 1955-05-02 | Oberhuetten Vereinigte Obersch | Aus Baustaehlen bestehende Gegenstaende |
DE1033692B (de) * | 1952-11-29 | 1958-07-10 | Boehler & Co Ag Geb | Verwendung naturharter borhaltiger molybdaenfreier Baustaehle |
EP0052308A1 (de) * | 1980-11-18 | 1982-05-26 | Thyssen Industrie Ag | Verfahren zum Herstellen eines hochbeanspruchbaren Schmiedeteils aus Stahl |
EP0072867A1 (de) * | 1981-02-20 | 1983-03-02 | Kawasaki Steel Corporation | Verfahren zur herstellung eines hochfesten warmgewalzten stahlbandes mit geringem streckgrenze/bruchfertigkeitsverhältnis auf grund des darin vorhandenen mischgefüges |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
---|
VDI-Z, vol. 122, no. 17, September 1980, Düsseldorf; S. ENGINEER "Entwicklungen auf dem Gebiet der Stähle für Gesenkschmiedestücke", pages 705-711 * |
VEREIN DEUTSCHER EISENHÜTTENLEUTE "Werkstoff-Handbuch Stahl und Eisen" 2nd edition 1940, VERLAG STAHLEISEN MBH, Düsseldorf pages H19-1-H19-5 * |
Cited By (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0314144A1 (de) * | 1987-10-29 | 1989-05-03 | Nkk Corporation | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Gegenständen aus hochzähem und hochfestem Stahl |
EP0314145A1 (de) * | 1987-10-29 | 1989-05-03 | Nkk Corporation | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Gegenständen aus hochzähem und hochfestem Stahl |
US4936926A (en) * | 1987-10-29 | 1990-06-26 | Nkk Corporation | Method for manufacturing steel article having high toughness and high strength |
EP0775756A1 (de) * | 1995-11-27 | 1997-05-28 | ASCOMETAL (Société anonyme) | Stahl für die Herstellung von Schmiedestücken mit bainitischer Struktur, und Herstellungsverfahren dieser Erzeugnisse |
FR2741632A1 (fr) * | 1995-11-27 | 1997-05-30 | Ascometal Sa | Acier pour la fabrication d'une piece forgee ayant une structure bainitique et procede de fabrication d'une piece |
US5762725A (en) * | 1995-11-27 | 1998-06-09 | Ascometal | Steel for the manufacture of forging having a bainitic structure and process for manufacturing a forging |
FR2756298A1 (fr) * | 1996-11-26 | 1998-05-29 | Ascometal Sa | Acier et procede pour la fabrication d'une piece de mecanique ayant une structure bainitique |
EP0845544A1 (de) * | 1996-11-26 | 1998-06-03 | Ascometal | Stahlprodukt aus bainitischem Stahl sowie Verfahren zur Herstellung des Stahlproduktes |
EP0851038A1 (de) * | 1996-12-31 | 1998-07-01 | Ascometal | Stahl und Verfahren zur Formung eines Stahlwerkstückes durch kalte plastische Verarbeitung |
FR2757877A1 (fr) * | 1996-12-31 | 1998-07-03 | Ascometal Sa | Acier et procede pour la fabrication d'une piece en acier mise en forme par deformation plastique a froid |
US5919415A (en) * | 1996-12-31 | 1999-07-06 | Ascometal | Steel and process for the manufacture of a steel component formed by cold plastic deformation |
DE102007023309A1 (de) * | 2007-05-16 | 2008-11-20 | Benteler Stahl/Rohr Gmbh | Verwendung einer Stahllegierung für Achsrohre sowie Achsrohr aus einer Stahllegierung |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ATE44290T1 (de) | 1989-07-15 |
DE3571254D1 (en) | 1989-08-03 |
EP0191873B1 (de) | 1989-06-28 |
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