EP0191674A1 - Pressurized-fluid mechanism for a rotor - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a pressurised-fluid mechanism comprising one stator (1), one rotor (3) comprising a plane face (12), one bearing assembly for the rotational mounting of the rotor relative to the stator for taking up, between these two parts, axial stresses and, stresses orthogonal to the axis of rotation (4), one fluid dispenser (9) which is immobilised in the direction of rotation (10, 11) relative to the stator (1), and which comprises a plane face (20) disposed so as to bear on the plane face (12) of the rotor, and, one thrust means (14, 15) interposed between the stator and the fluid dispenser in order to maintain the face of the dispenser bearing against the face of the rotor, the bearing assembly comprising a single axial bearing (28, 29), and a single orthogonal bearing (28, 29), and the direction of the thrust (P) being such that the axial bearing is effectively capable of taking up this thrust. In this mechanism, the axial bearing and the orthogonal bearing are connected in a single conical device for taking up stresses. One application is the production of a compact motor. <IMAGE>

Description

There is already known a pressurized fluid mechanism, such as a motor or a hydraulic pump, comprising a stator, a rotor having a flat face, a set of rotational mounting bearings of the rotor relative to the stator for recovery, between these two parts, axial forces in an axial direction parallel to the axis of rotation of the rotor relative to the stator, and orthogonal forces in a direction orthogonal to said axis of rotation, a hydraulic fluid distributor, which is immobilized in the direction of rotation relative to the stator, and which comprises a flat face disposed opposite, and bearing on said flat face of the rotor, and, a thrust means interposed between the stator and the fluid distributor to maintain the face of the distributor bearing on the face of the rotor, the rotational mounting bearing assembly comprising a single axial bearing for taking up the axial forces and a single orthogonal bearing for taking up the orthogonal forces and the direction of the thrust of the thrust means being such that the axial bearing is actually capable of resuming this thrust.

It is possible to simplify the construction of such a mechanism, by judiciously choosing said bearings, also taking advantage to make this choice the existence of the thrust for maintaining the face of the distributor in abutment on the face of the stator. .

According to the invention, this desired simplification is carried out by ensuring that the axial bearing and the orthogonal bearing are combined in a single conical force-absorbing device.

• - ce dispositif conique unique de reprise des efforts est constitué par un roulement à trouleaux coniques ;
• - le support de ce dispositif conique unique est constitué par une bague dont le centre est évidé, cependant que l'organe de la liaison mécanique du rotor avec l'extérieur du mécanisme est constitué par des cannelures solidaires de ce rotor et accessibles à un arbre cannelé par le centre évidé de ladite bague.

Preferably, the following variants are adopted:

• - This unique conical device for resisting forces is constituted by a bearing with conical trolls;
• - The support of this single conical device is constituted by a ring whose center is hollowed out, while the member for the mechanical connection of the rotor with the outside of the mechanism consists of grooves integral with this rotor and accessible to a shaft grooved by the hollow center of said ring.

The invention will be better understood, and secondary characteristics and their advantages will appear during the description of embodiments given below by way of example.

It is understood that the description and the drawings are given for information only and are not limiting.

Reference will be made to the accompanying drawings, in which FIGS. 1 to 3 are axial half-sections of three embodiments of hydraulic motors according to the invention.

• - un carter 1, constituant le stator, muni d'une came 2 ;
• - un bloc-cylindres 3, monté à rotation autour d'un axe géométrique de rotation 4 au moyen d'un ensemble unique de palier 5 et constituant le rotor ;
• - une pluralité de cylindres 6, disposés en étoile à l'intérieur du bloc-cylindres 3 ;
• - une pluralité de pistons 7, chaque piston étant monté coulissant dans un cylindre 6 ;
• - une pluralité de galets de roulement 8, montés, chaque galet à l'extrémité d'un piston 7, et adaptés à rouler sur la surface de la came 2 ;
• - un distributeur 9 de fluide hydraulique, monté dans le carter 1, immobilisé en rotation (10-11) par rapport au carter 1, muni d'une face plane 12 perpendiculaire à l'axe de rotation 4, dans laquelle débouchent des conduits 13 de deux groupes de conduits reliés, les conduits d'un groupe à une première gorge 14, les conduits de l'autre groupe à une deuxième gorge 15 ;
• - deux conduits 16,17 ménagés dans le carter 1, reliant les gorges 14,15 à une source de fluide sous pression 18 et un réservoir de décharge 19, respectivement ;
• - une face ptane 29, dont est muni le bloc-cylindres 3, qui est perpendiculaire à l'axe de rotation 4, dans laquelle débouchent des conduits 21 ménagés dans le bloc-
• -cylindres 3 et communiquant, chaque conduit 21 avec un cylindre 6, et sur laquelle la face plane 12 du distributeur 9 est maintenue en appui en fonctionnement sous l'effet de la poussée hydrostatique P exercée par la pression du fluide sur le fond des gorges 14,15 ;
• - des cannelures 22, dont est muni le bloc-cylindres 3, coaxiales à l'axe de rotation 4.

Each of the motors in FIGS. 1 to 3 comprises:

• - A casing 1, constituting the stator, provided with a cam 2;
• - A cylinder block 3, mounted for rotation about a geometric axis of rotation 4 by means of a single bearing assembly 5 and constituting the rotor;
• - A plurality of cylinders 6, arranged in a star inside the cylinder block 3;
• - A plurality of pistons 7, each piston being slidably mounted in a cylinder 6;
• - A plurality of rollers 8, mounted, each roller at the end of a piston 7, and adapted to roll on the surface of the cam 2;
• - A distributor 9 of hydraulic fluid, mounted in the casing 1, immobilized in rotation (10-11) relative to the casing 1, provided with a flat face 12 perpendicular to the axis of rotation 4, into which open the conduits 13 two groups of connected conduits, the conduits of a group to a first groove 14, the conduits of the other group to a second groove 15;
• - two conduits 16,17 formed in the casing 1, connecting the grooves 14,15 to a source of pressurized fluid 18 and a discharge tank 19, respectively;
• - A ptane face 29, which is provided with the cylinder block 3, which is perpendicular to the axis of rotation 4, into which the conduits 21 formed in the block open
• -cylinders 3 and communicating, each conduit 21 with a cylinder 6, and on which the flat face 12 of the distributor 9 is held in abutment in operation under the effect of the hydrostatic thrust P exerted by the pressure of the fluid on the bottom of the grooves 14.15;
• - splines 22, which is provided with the cylinder block 3, coaxial with the axis of rotation 4.

In the embodiment of FIG. 1, a section of shaft 23 constitutes the output shaft of the engine and is provided with two sets of grooves: grooves 24, which cooperate with the grooves 22 of the cylinder block 3 in order to secure in rotation of the shaft section 23 with the cylinder block 3, and of the splines 25 which is provided with a bore of the external end of the shaft section 23, with which the grooves 26 of a shaft 27 can cooperate be driven by the motor. The two rings 28 of a roller bearing 29, the axes 30 of which inclined - (angle A) relative to the direction D of the axis of rotation 4 are wedged one on the housing 1, the other on the shaft section 23, while the thrust P is transmitted by the cylinder block 3 to one of the rings (support 31) and has the effect of keeping said rings 28 and rollers 29 assembled.

• - le tronçon d'arbre 23 n'existe plus et est remplacé par un support de palier 32 qui est muni d'un évidement axial 33, et d'une petite butée axiale 34 ;
• - l'une des bagues 28 du palier à rouleaux est calée radialement sur la périphérie externe 32e du support 32, et axialement sur la butée 34, qui lui transmet la poussée P ;
• - les cannelures 26 de l'arbre 27 après avoir traversé l'évidement 33, coopérent avec les cannelures 22 du bloc-
• -cylindres 3, pour rendre solidaire en rotation ledit arbre 27 de ce bloc-cylindres.

The embodiment of FIG. 2 has the same constitution as that of FIG. ₁ , with the following differences:

• - The shaft section 23 no longer exists and is replaced by a bearing support 32 which is provided with an axial recess 33, and a small axial stop 34;
• - One of the rings 28 of the roller bearing is wedged radially on the outer periphery 32e of the support 32, and axially on the stop 34, which transmits the thrust P to it;
• - the grooves 26 of the shaft 27 after passing through the recess 33, cooperate with the grooves 22 of the block-
• -cylinders 3, in order to make the said shaft 27 integral in rotation with this cylinder block.

• - les rouleaux 29 sont remplacés par un coussinet lisse 35, qui possède la même inclinaison (angle A) que les axes des rouleaux 29 de la figure 1 par rapport à la direction D de l'axe de rotation 4 ;
• - par ailleurs, les deux bagues 28 ont été conservées.

The embodiment of FIG. 3 also has the same constitution as that of FIG. 1, except for the following difference:

• - The rollers 29 are replaced by a smooth bearing 35, which has the same inclination (angle A) as the axes of the rollers 29 in Figure 1 relative to the direction D of the axis of rotation 4;
• - Furthermore, the two rings 28 have been preserved.

It should be noted that the various variants have differences between them relating to the choice, either of the engine output member (shaft section 23 or support 32 and splines 22 of the cylinder block), or of the constitution of the landing itself.

It should first of all be noted that, whatever the type of bearing adopted, this bearing can be mounted with one or the other type of the represented output members of the engine - either with a shaft section 23, or with a bearing support 32.

Furthermore, each of the bearings shown in the figures constitutes a single assembly capable of taking up the axial forces, in particular due to the thrust P, and ensuring the radial guidance of the cylinder block 3 relative to the casing 1.

Thus, the axial forces are taken up by the component of the direction of inclination of the rollers 29, or of the bearing 35, which, relative to the direction D, is orthogonal to this direction D.

The radial guidance is provided by the axial component of direction of inclination of the rollers 29 or of the bearing 35 with respect to the direction D of the axis of rotation 4.

In all cases, a single assembly of an axial bearing and a radial bearing has enabled rotational mounting, which is made possible by the existence of the hydrostatic thrust P, or would have been possible by a thrust means auxiliary, for example with springs.

It should be noted, however, the particular advantage of the proposed arrangement with regard to the motors and pumps, linked to the existence of hydraulic pressure in the cylinders.

Indeed, the hydraulic pressure in the cylinders generates on the single assembly of the conical bearing disassembly efforts which are fortunately combated by the hydrostatic thrust Ps'exertant on the distributor 9, the thrust being greater than the disassembly efforts.

It should be noted the proportionality of the increase or reduction of these two types of opposing forces in relation to the operating pressure of the mechanism, which is a very favorable arrangement for mechanical endurance, because the axial thrust force only increases when the disassembly forces increase themselves.

Finally, the radial forces transmitted by the pistons generate a moment (or torque) of tilting on the bearing assembly, which, too, is taken up by this bearing assembly, insofar as, and because the axial hydrostatic thrust keeps the bearing assembled. This is particularly important with regard to motors or pumps with unbalanced radial forces.

• - la suppression d'un autre palier, adopté selon l'art antérieur ;
• - une réduction de l'encombrement et du poids,
• - une réduction du coût du moteur complet,
• - une simplification du montage.

Thanks to the arrangements according to the invention, thus, can be obtained:

• - the removal of another level, adopted according to the prior art;
• - a reduction in size and weight,
• - a reduction in the cost of the complete engine,
• - a simplification of the assembly.

The invention is not limited to the embodiments described, but on the contrary covers all the variants which could be made to them without departing from their scope or their spirit.

Thus, another application is constituted by the mechanisms, the housing 1 of which is rotating and the cylinder block 3 is fixed relative to the structure on which the mechanism is mounted. This is the case with certain hydraulic motors for driving vehicle wheels, sometimes called "hydraulic wheels".

Claims (3)

1. Mechanism with pressurized fluid, such as a motor or a hydraulic pump, comprising a stator (1), a rotor (3) having a planar face (12), a bearing assembly for rotating the rotor with respect to to the stator for the resumption, between these two parts, of the axial forces in an axial direction parallel to the axis of rotation (4) of the rotor relative to the stator, and. forces orthogonal in a direction orthogonal to said axis of rotation, a fluid distributor (9), which is immobilized in the direction of rotation - (10,11) relative to the stator (1 and which has a planar face (20 ) disposed opposite, and in abutment on said flat face (12) of the rotor, and, a thrust means (14,15) interposed between the stator and the fluid distributor to maintain the face of the distributor in abutment on the face of the rotor, the rotaton mounting bearing assembly comprising a single axial bearing (28,29) for taking up the axial forces and, a single orthogonal bearing (28,29) for taking up the orthogonal forces and the direction of the thrust ( P) of the thrust means being such that the axial bearing is effectively capable of resuming this thrust, characterized in that the axial bearing and the orthogonal bearing are combined in a single conical device for resumption of forces. 2. Mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that the single conical device for resisting forces is constituted by a tapered roller bearing (28,29). 3. Mechanism according to any one of claims ₁ and 2, characterized in that the support (32) of this single conical device (28, 29) is constituted by a ring (32) whose center is hollowed out (33), however that the member for the mechanical connection of the rotor with the outside of the mechanism consists of grooves (22) integral with this rotor (3) and accessible to a shaft (27) grooved (26) by the hollow center (33) of said ring.

Images