EP0189535B1 - Electrolysis apparatus - Google Patents

Electrolysis apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0189535B1
EP0189535B1 EP85114408A EP85114408A EP0189535B1 EP 0189535 B1 EP0189535 B1 EP 0189535B1 EP 85114408 A EP85114408 A EP 85114408A EP 85114408 A EP85114408 A EP 85114408A EP 0189535 B1 EP0189535 B1 EP 0189535B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
electrolysis
shells
cathode
anode
contact strips
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Expired
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EP85114408A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0189535A1 (en
Inventor
Helmut Dipl.-Ing. Schmitt
Dieter Dr. Bergner
Helmuth Dipl.-Ing. Schurig
Kurt Dipl.-Ing. Hannesen
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ThyssenKrupp Industrial Solutions AG
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Uhde GmbH
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Priority to AT85114408T priority Critical patent/ATE33271T1/en
Publication of EP0189535A1 publication Critical patent/EP0189535A1/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
    • C25B9/70—Assemblies comprising two or more cells
    • C25B9/73—Assemblies comprising two or more cells of the filter-press type
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
    • C25B9/17—Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof
    • C25B9/19—Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof with diaphragms

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
  • Electrodes For Compound Or Non-Metal Manufacture (AREA)
  • Electrolytic Production Of Metals (AREA)

Abstract

An electrolyzer for the production of chlorine from an aqueous alkaline halide solution includes a plurality of electrolysis cells each having a housing of two half-shells. The bottom side of each of the half-shells is in a plane parallel to a plane of an adjacent anode or cathode, the space between the bottom side and the anode or the cathode being provided with framework-pattern metallic reinforcements. Each bottom side has one or more contact strips attached to its outer surface which are arranged in a congruent position to the contact strips on the bottom side of the adjacent electrolysis cell, and extend over the length or width of the cell. The contact strips are aligned with and connected by electrically conducting means to part of the framework-pattern reinforcements and the unperforated sections of the adjacent anode or cathode. The two half-shells and a membrane partition wall are assembled to form an electrolysis cell sealed by two gaskets.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Elektrolyseapparat zur Herstellung von Chlor aus wässeriger Alkalihalogenidlösung, der mehrere Elektrolysezellen aufweist, die je aus einem Gehäuse aus zwei Halbschalen bestehen, das Gehäuse Einrichtungen zum Zuführen des Elektrolysestromes und der Elektrolyseeingangsstoffe und Einrichtungen zum Abführen des Elektrolysestromes und der Elektrolyseprodukte aufweist, Anode und Kathode mehrere Durchbruchs-Sektionen und durchbruchsfreie Sektionen in paralleler Anordnung aufweisen, Anode und Kathode durch eine Trennwand voneinander getrennt angeordnet sind, und die Halbschalen in Halbkastenform aus elektrisch leitendem Material bestehen.The invention relates to an electrolysis apparatus for producing chlorine from aqueous alkali halide solution, which has a plurality of electrolysis cells, each consisting of a housing made of two half-shells, the housing has devices for supplying the electrolysis current and the electrolysis input materials and devices for discharging the electrolysis current and the electrolysis products, anode and cathode have a plurality of breakthrough sections and breakthrough-free sections in a parallel arrangement, the anode and cathode are arranged separated from one another by a dividing wall, and the half-shells in half-box form consist of electrically conductive material.

Nach DE-OS 2538414 ist ein Elektrolyseapparat bekannt, der aus mehreren Elektrolysezellen besteht. Jede Elektrolysezelle weist ein Gehäuse auf, das aus zwei Halbschalen besteht, die üblichen Einrichtungen hat zur Zu- und Abfuhr der Eingangs- und Ausgangsstoffe und der Ein- und Ableitung des Elektrolysestromes. Anode und Kathode sind durch eine nicht metallische Trennwand, eine sogenannte Membran, voneinander getrennt. Die Halbschalen bestehen aus einem nicht leitenden Material. Die Stromführung von den Stromzuführungen der Zelle zu der Anode und von der Kathode zu der Anode der benachbarten Zelle erfolgt punktförmig, d.h. es liegt jeweils eine sternförmige Stromverteilung an Anode bzw. Kathode vor. Diese Art der Stromverteilung ist ungünstig in bezug auf den Spannungsverlust jeder Elektrolysezelle. Darüber hinaus treten an einzelnen Stellen der Stromleitung hohe Stromdichten auf durch örtliche Konzentration des Stromflusses.According to DE-OS 2538414 an electrolysis apparatus is known which consists of several electrolysis cells. Each electrolysis cell has a housing that consists of two half-shells, which has the usual facilities for the supply and discharge of the input and output materials and the introduction and discharge of the electrolysis current. Anode and cathode are separated from each other by a non-metallic partition, a so-called membrane. The half-shells are made of a non-conductive material. The current supply from the current leads of the cell to the anode and from the cathode to the anode of the neighboring cell is punctiform, i.e. there is a star-shaped current distribution at the anode or cathode. This type of current distribution is disadvantageous with regard to the loss of voltage in each electrolysis cell. In addition, high current densities occur at individual points on the power line due to the local concentration of the current flow.

Die Erfindung setzt sich die Aufgabe, einen Elektrolyseapparat zu schaffen, der eine Stromkonzentration vermeidet und der eine vorteilhafte Stromverteilung in der Elektrolysezelle aufweist.The object of the invention is to create an electrolysis apparatus which avoids a concentration of current and which has an advantageous current distribution in the electrolysis cell.

Die Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäss gelöst durch eine Elektrolysezellenkonstruktion nach den Merkmalen der Patentansprüche.The object is achieved according to the invention by an electrolytic cell construction according to the features of the claims.

Die Kathoden können aus Eisen, Kobalt, Nickel oder Chrom oder einer ihrer Legierungen, und die Anoden aus Titan, Niob oder Tantal oder einer Legierungdieser Metalle oder aus einem metall- oder oxydkeramischen Material bestehen. Darüber hinaus sind die Anoden mit einem elektrisch leitfähigen, katalytisch wirksamen Überzug versehen, der Metalle der Verbindungen der Gruppe der Platinmetalle enthält. Durch die Form der Elektroden, die aus durchbrochenem Material wie Lochblech, Streckmetall, Flechtwerk oder Konstruktionen aus dünnen Blechen mit jalousieartigen Durchbrüchen bestehen, und ihre Anordnung in der Elektrolysezelle können die bei der Elektrolyse gebildeten Gase leicht in den Raum hinter den Elektroden eintreten. Durch diesen Gasabzug aus dem Elektrodenspalterreicht man eine Verminderung des Gas- blasenwidefStandes zwischen den Elektroden und damit eine Verminderung der Zellenspannung.The cathodes can be made of iron, cobalt, nickel or chromium or one of their alloys, and the anodes can be made of titanium, niobium or tantalum or an alloy of these metals or of a metal or oxide ceramic material. In addition, the anodes are provided with an electrically conductive, catalytically active coating which contains metals of the compounds of the group of platinum metals. Due to the shape of the electrodes, which consist of perforated material such as perforated sheet metal, expanded metal, wattle or structures made of thin sheets with blind-like openings, and their arrangement in the electrolysis cell, the gases formed during the electrolysis can easily enter the space behind the electrodes. With this gas discharge from the electrode gap achieved is a reduction in the gas S tandes blasenwidef between the electrodes and thus a reduction of the cell voltage.

Die Halbschalen können aus Eisen, Eisenlegierungen, Gusseisen bzw. Anodenmaterial bestehen, wobei darauf zu achten ist, dass die Halbschale der Anodenseite aus einem gegen Chlor beständigen Material hergestellt wird.The half-shells can be made of iron, iron alloys, cast iron or anode material, whereby care must be taken that the half-shell on the anode side is made of a chlorine-resistant material.

Die fachwerkähnlichen Versteifungen zwischen Halbschale und Elektrode werden zweckmässigerweise aus dem gleichen Material gefertigt wie die betreffende Elektrode.The framework-like stiffeners between the half-shell and the electrode are expediently made of the same material as the electrode in question.

Als Trennwand kommen die in der Chloralkalielektrolyse üblichen lonenaustauschmembranen in Betracht. Als lonenaustauschermaterial eignet sich zum Beispiel ein Copolymerisat aus Tetrafluoräthylen und einer Perfluorvinyläthersulfonsäure.The ion exchange membranes customary in chloralkali electrolysis come into consideration as the partition. A copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene and a perfluorovinyl ether sulfonic acid, for example, is suitable as the ion exchange material.

Diese Ionenaustauschermembran verhindert die Vermischung von Wasserstoff und Chlor, erlaubt aber wegen ihrer selektiven Permeabilität nur den Durchgang von Alkalimetallionen in den Kathodenraum, das heisst, sie verhindern weitgehend den Übergang von Halogenid in den Kathodenraum und den Durchtrittvon Hydroxylionen in den Anodenraum. Dadurch erhält man eine praktisch salzfreie Lauge.This ion exchange membrane prevents the mixing of hydrogen and chlorine, but because of its selective permeability only allows the passage of alkali metal ions into the cathode compartment, that is, they largely prevent the passage of halide into the cathode compartment and the passage of hydroxyl ions into the anode compartment. This gives you a practically salt-free lye.

Der Elektrolyseapparat kann aus einer Elektrolysezelle aber auch aus einer Vielzahl hintereinandergeschalteter Zellen, wobei der elektrische Kontakt benachbarter Zellen jeweils über die elektrisch leitenden Kontaktstreifen erfolgt, bestehen.The electrolysis apparatus can consist of an electrolysis cell but also of a large number of cells connected in series, the electrical contact of adjacent cells taking place via the electrically conductive contact strips.

Dererfindungsgemässe Elektrolyseapparat wird anhand der Figuren in beispielsweiser Ausführung erläutert.

  • Fig. 1: zeigt einen Schnitt durch einen Elektrolyseapparat mit 2 Elektrolysezellen
  • Fig. 2: zeigt perspektivisch einen Ausschnitt aus Fig. 1
  • Fig. 3: zeigt eine Elektrode in jalousieförmiger Ausführung mit durchbruchsfreien Sektionen
The electrolysis apparatus according to the invention is explained with reference to the figures in an exemplary embodiment.
  • Fig. 1: shows a section through an electrolysis apparatus with 2 electrolysis cells
  • FIG. 2: shows a perspective section of FIG. 1
  • Fig. 3: shows an electrode in the form of a blind with breakthrough-free sections

Das Gehäuse einer Elektrolysezelle nach Fig. 1 besteht aus den Halbschalen 1 und 2 mit den Böden 3 und mit den Kontaktstreifen 4 bzw. 5. Die Halbschalen sind mit flanschartigen Rändern versehen, zwischen denen mittels der Dichtungen 6 die Membran 7 eingespannt wird. Die Einspannung der Membran 7 kann auch durch andere bekannte Mittel erfolgen. In den Halbschalen 1 und 2 sind die fachwerkähnlichen metallischen Versteifungen 8 derart angeordnet, dass sie einmal am Boden der Halbschale 1 bzw. 2 befestigt, in der Regel verschweisst, sind, und zum anderen auf der gegenüberliegenden Seite die Elektrode als Anode 9 bzw. Kathode 10 tragen.. Die Elektroden sind derart gestaltet, dass sowohl das Elektrolyseeingangsprodukt als auch die Ausgangsprodukte frei fliessen bzw. strömen können. Jede Elektrolysezelle ist mit den üblichen Zu- und Abfuhrleitungen ausgestattet. In den Fig. 1 bis 3 wurde der Übersicht halber auf eine Darstellung dieser Leitungen verzichtet.1 consists of the half-shells 1 and 2 with the bottoms 3 and with the contact strips 4 and 5. The half-shells are provided with flange-like edges, between which the membrane 7 is clamped by means of the seals 6. The membrane 7 can also be clamped in by other known means. In the half-shells 1 and 2, the framework-like metallic stiffeners 8 are arranged in such a way that they are fastened, usually welded, to the bottom of the half-shell 1 or 2, and on the other hand, the electrode as an anode 9 or cathode on the opposite side 10 wear .. The electrodes are designed so that both the electrolysis input product and the output products can flow or flow freely. Every electrolysis cell is equipped with the usual supply and discharge lines. 1 to 3, for the sake of clarity, these lines have not been shown.

Durch die Aneinanderreihung von mehreren Elektrolysezellen in Scheibenfilterpressenbauart mittels bekannter Spannvorrichtungen. werden die Elektrolysezellen über die Kontaktstreifen 4 bzw. 5 jeweils zu benachbarten Elektrolysezellen elektrisch leitend verbunden. Von den Kontaktstreifen 4 fliesst der elektrische Strom dann durch den Halbschalenboden über die Versteifungen 8 und in die Anode 9. Nach Durchtritt durch die Membran 7 wird der Strom von der Kathode 10 aufgenommen, um über die Versteifungen 8 in den anderen Halbschalenboden und dann in den Kontaktstreifen 5 der gleichen Zelle zu fliessen und von hier in den Kontaktstreifen 4 der nächsten Zelle überzutreten.By stringing together several electrolytic cells in disc filter press type using known clamping devices. the electrolysis cells are connected in an electrically conductive manner to the adjacent electrolysis cells via the contact strips 4 and 5, respectively. From the contact strips 4, the electrical current then flows through the Half-shell bottom over the stiffeners 8 and into the anode 9. After passing through the membrane 7, the current is taken up by the cathode 10 in order to flow via the stiffeners 8 into the other half-shell bottom and then into the contact strip 5 of the same cell and from here into to cross the contact strip 4 of the next cell.

Aus Fig. 2 ist die Breite der Kontaktstreifen 4 bzw. 5 ersichtlich sowie die beispielsweise Ausbildung der Elektrode 9 bzw. 10 in Jalousieform. Durch diese Form wird erreicht, dass die Elektrolyseflüssigkeiten und -Produkte ungehindert in und aus dem Elektrolyseraum zwischen den Elektroden gelangen können. Je nach Erfordernis können vor der Elektrode, d.h. der Anode 9 oder Kathode 10 ein oder mehrere Distanzhalter 11 angeordnet sein. Diese Distanzhalter erstrecken sich zweckmässigerweise senkrecht, teilweise oder ganz, über die Höhe der Elektrode.2 shows the width of the contact strips 4 and 5 as well as the example of the formation of the electrode 9 and 10 in the form of a blind. This shape ensures that the electrolysis liquids and products can get into and out of the electrolysis space between the electrodes unhindered. Depending on the requirements, in front of the electrode, i.e. the anode 9 or cathode 10, one or more spacers 11 may be arranged. These spacers expediently extend vertically, partially or entirely over the height of the electrode.

Aus der in Fig. 3 dargestellten Elektrode, es kann Anode 9 oder Kathode 10 sein, sind die durchbruchsfreien Sektionen 12 ersichtlich. Die Rückseite dieser durchbruchsfreien Sektionen ist elektrisch leitend an den Versteifungen 8 befestigt, gemäss Fig. 2. Fluchtend zu den fachwerkähnlichen metallischen Versteifungen 8 sind am Halbschalenboden 3 die Kontaktstreifen 4 bzw. 5 angeordnet. So wird erreicht, dass der Stromübergang und die Stromwege von den Kontaktstreifen bis zur Elektrode möglichst kurz, die Stromdichte in den stromführenden Teilen möglichst gering und die Stromverteilung auf der Elektrode optimal ist. Aufgrund der erfindungsgemässen Konstruktion wird erreicht, dass der Spannungsverlust einer Zelle oder eines gesamten Elektrolyseapparates sehr gering ist.The breakthrough-free sections 12 can be seen from the electrode shown in FIG. 3, it can be anode 9 or cathode 10. The back of these breakthrough-free sections is attached to the stiffeners 8 in an electrically conductive manner, as shown in FIG. 2. Aligned with the truss-like metallic stiffeners 8, the contact strips 4 and 5 are arranged on the half-shell base 3. This ensures that the current transfer and the current paths from the contact strips to the electrode are as short as possible, the current density in the current-carrying parts is as low as possible and the current distribution on the electrode is optimal. Because of the construction according to the invention, the voltage loss of a cell or of an entire electrolysis apparatus is very low.

Claims (6)

1. Electrolyzer for the production of chlorine from an aqueous alkaline halide solution, said electrolyzer comprising a plurality of electrolysis cells, each cell consisting of a housing composed of two half-shells, the housing being provided with facilities for admitting the electrolysis current and the electrolysis feedstock as well as facilities for discharging the electrolysis current and the electrolysis products, anode and cathode comprising a plurality of perforated and unperforated sections arranged in parallel, the anode being separated from the cathode by a partition wall, the half-shells of square-shaped configuration consisting of electrically conducting material, and with
a) the bottom (3) of half-shells (1; 2) being arranged in a plane-parallel position to anode (9) and cathode (10);
b) the space between bottom (3) and anode (9) or cathode (10) being provided with framework-pattern metalic reinforcements (8);
c) each bottom (3) being provided with plane-parallel contact strips (4; 5) which are arranged in a congruent position to the contact strips on the bottom of the adjacent electrolysis cell and extend over the length or width of the cell;
d) the plane-parallel contact strips (4; 5) being aligned with and connected by electrically conducting means to part of the framework-pattern reinforcements (8) and the unperforated sections (12);
e) thetwo half-shells (1; 2) together with the partition wall (7) being assembled to form an electrolysis cell in a known manner by means of two frames and two frame gaskets (6).
2. Electrolyzer according to claim 1,
characterized in that
the half-shells (1; 2) on the anode side are made of chlorine-resistant electrically conducting material.
3. Electrolyzer according to claim 1,
characterized in that
the half-shells (1; 2) on the cathode side are made of an electrically conducting material that is resistant to alkaline solutions.
4. Electrolyzer according to claim 1,
characterized in that
the framework-pattern reinforcements (8) are designed as plane or three-dimensional supporting structures.
5. Electrolyzer according to claim 1,
characterized in that
the plane-parallel contact strips (4; 5) are smooth or corrugated.
6. Electrolyzer according to claim 1,
characterized in that
the base points of the reinforcements (8) on half- shell bottom (3) are in alignment with contact strips (4; 5).
EP85114408A 1985-01-16 1985-11-13 Electrolysis apparatus Expired EP0189535B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT85114408T ATE33271T1 (en) 1985-01-16 1985-11-13 ELECTROLYZER.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3501261 1985-01-16
DE19853501261 DE3501261A1 (en) 1985-01-16 1985-01-16 ELECTROLYSIS

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0189535A1 EP0189535A1 (en) 1986-08-06
EP0189535B1 true EP0189535B1 (en) 1988-03-30

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US (1) US4664770A (en)
EP (1) EP0189535B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH07103471B2 (en)
AT (1) ATE33271T1 (en)
DE (2) DE3501261A1 (en)
IN (1) IN166591B (en)
SU (1) SU1618281A3 (en)

Cited By (5)

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DE19641125A1 (en) * 1996-10-05 1998-04-16 Krupp Uhde Gmbh Electrolysis apparatus for the production of halogen gases
DE19740673A1 (en) * 1997-09-16 1999-03-18 Krupp Uhde Gmbh Electrolytic unit for electrochemical process, e.g. for producing chlorine from aqueous alkali-halogenide solution
DE10022604A1 (en) * 2000-05-09 2001-11-29 Krupp Uhde Gmbh Production of electrical contact strips on metallic walls made from materials having tendency towards surface oxidation comprises applying two conductor wires onto sheet titanium strip, and fixing using laser welding
DE102005003527A1 (en) * 2005-01-25 2006-07-27 Uhdenora S.P.A. An electrolytic cell for the production of chlorine has an anode and a cathode separated from each other by electrically conductive spacers on either side of the ion exchange membrane
DE102005003526A1 (en) * 2005-01-25 2006-07-27 Uhdenora S.P.A. An electrolytic cell is formed in two half shells the walls of which are pressed from a single sheet of material which has no joints

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DE102004028761A1 (en) * 2004-06-16 2006-01-12 Uhdenora Technologies S.R.L. Electrolysis cell with optimized shell construction and minimized membrane area
DE102006020374A1 (en) * 2006-04-28 2007-10-31 Uhdenora S.P.A. Insulating frame for an electrolysis cell for producing chlorine, hydrogen and/or caustic soda comprises an edge region directly connected to an inner front surface and structured so that an electrolyte can pass through it
DE102006028168A1 (en) * 2006-06-16 2007-12-20 Uhde Gmbh Apparatus for electrochemical water treatment
DE102006046807A1 (en) * 2006-09-29 2008-04-03 Uhdenora S.P.A. Electrolysis cell used for chlor-alkali electrolysis comprises one electrode curved between two bars in the direction of the opposite-lying electrode
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US20100276278A1 (en) * 2009-04-30 2010-11-04 Doug Bender Modular electrolysis device
EP3464683B1 (en) 2016-05-26 2021-07-07 Calera Corporation Anode assembly, contact strips, electrochemical cell, and methods to use and manufacture thereof
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DE102021103699A1 (en) * 2021-02-17 2022-08-18 WEW GmbH electrolytic cell
WO2022258394A1 (en) 2021-06-07 2022-12-15 thyssenkrupp nucera AG & Co. KGaA Electrolysis cell and electrolyzer

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Cited By (6)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19641125A1 (en) * 1996-10-05 1998-04-16 Krupp Uhde Gmbh Electrolysis apparatus for the production of halogen gases
DE19740673A1 (en) * 1997-09-16 1999-03-18 Krupp Uhde Gmbh Electrolytic unit for electrochemical process, e.g. for producing chlorine from aqueous alkali-halogenide solution
DE19740673C2 (en) * 1997-09-16 2001-10-31 Krupp Uhde Gmbh Electrolysis apparatus
DE10022604A1 (en) * 2000-05-09 2001-11-29 Krupp Uhde Gmbh Production of electrical contact strips on metallic walls made from materials having tendency towards surface oxidation comprises applying two conductor wires onto sheet titanium strip, and fixing using laser welding
DE102005003527A1 (en) * 2005-01-25 2006-07-27 Uhdenora S.P.A. An electrolytic cell for the production of chlorine has an anode and a cathode separated from each other by electrically conductive spacers on either side of the ion exchange membrane
DE102005003526A1 (en) * 2005-01-25 2006-07-27 Uhdenora S.P.A. An electrolytic cell is formed in two half shells the walls of which are pressed from a single sheet of material which has no joints

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS61166990A (en) 1986-07-28
IN166591B (en) 1990-06-09
US4664770A (en) 1987-05-12
ATE33271T1 (en) 1988-04-15
EP0189535A1 (en) 1986-08-06
DE3562024D1 (en) 1988-05-05
JPH07103471B2 (en) 1995-11-08
SU1618281A3 (en) 1990-12-30
DE3501261A1 (en) 1986-07-17

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