EP0189447B1 - Forging process - Google Patents

Forging process Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0189447B1
EP0189447B1 EP85903281A EP85903281A EP0189447B1 EP 0189447 B1 EP0189447 B1 EP 0189447B1 EP 85903281 A EP85903281 A EP 85903281A EP 85903281 A EP85903281 A EP 85903281A EP 0189447 B1 EP0189447 B1 EP 0189447B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
teeth
upsetting
tooth
tips
semi
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
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EP85903281A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0189447A1 (en
Inventor
Anton Schmid
Georg Tauschek
Andreas Sedlmeier
Peter Pollok
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BLW Praezisionsschmiede GmbH
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Bayerische Leichtmetallwerk Graf Bluecher Von Wahlstatt KG
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Priority to AT85903281T priority Critical patent/ATE33772T1/en
Publication of EP0189447A1 publication Critical patent/EP0189447A1/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
    • B21J5/06—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor for performing particular operations
    • B21J5/12—Forming profiles on internal or external surfaces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
    • B21K1/00—Making machine elements
    • B21K1/28—Making machine elements wheels; discs
    • B21K1/30—Making machine elements wheels; discs with gear-teeth
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49462—Gear making
    • Y10T29/49467—Gear shaping
    • Y10T29/49474—Die-press shaping

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing a synchronizing component provided with short teeth with undercut teeth for manual transmissions by precision forging, the teeth, each of which is attached to a common cylinder surface with its radially inner side and is placed with its foot on a common lower plane surface be produced with parallel tooth flanks and then fully compressed.
  • Such a method for the production of power transmission with claws or pockets is known from DE-A1-3 134 857.
  • Claws are produced there during forging, the top surfaces of which are produced with oversize at least along their edges common to the coupling surfaces.
  • the desired inclination of the coupling surfaces is achieved by a subsequent calibration stroke.
  • the claws When calibrating, the claws can be supported between die surfaces running transversely to the coupling surfaces.
  • the present invention has for its object to enable the unrestricted application of the known method to synchronous components of the type mentioned and to achieve increased accuracy in the formation of the coupling surfaces.
  • Process step a) can be carried out by cold or hot forging; Equivalent cold extrusion is also an option.
  • Method step b which relates to one or more calibration strokes, comprises a three-stage deformation by calibration, so it differs fundamentally from the prior art mentioned.
  • aa the tooth heads produced with an oversize in the direction of the tooth length are first pre-compressed; the straight ones remain, i.e. in radial planes with respect to the tooth flanks running common to all teeth, essentially still preserved. There is a material compression, which then acc. To the second calibration stage.
  • Feature bb) leads to strain hardening, particularly in the foot area of the teeth supported by the lower flat surface. This strain hardening in the foot area is not only very important for the precise shaping of the tooth root fillet; their special effect is that they are gem.
  • Feature cc) controls the slope of the tooth flanks forming the coupling surface exactly.
  • the angle of the tooth flanks and the flank shape accuracy it may be appropriate to support the tooth flanks on the die side.
  • the roof shape of the tooth tips which is characteristic of short toothing, is finished, the tooth flanks receiving their final slope.
  • the cylinder surface in the region of the tooth heads is limited by an upper plane surface over which the semifinished product tooth heads protrude with at least a part of their oversize and that the teeth deform in such a way during the final upsetting that the tooth tips end in or below the upper flat surface.
  • the degree of deformation during upsetting of the tooth heads is to be controlled in such a way that the teeth formed on the semi-finished product are sheared off the cylinder surface in an area lying between the upper flat surface and the finished tooth head shape, at the latest during the final upsetting.
  • the sheared material is formed to form the oblique tooth flanks in the direction of the tooth gap; the cylinder surface common to all teeth forms an effective support surface which does not prevent deformation and which can be unconnected to the tooth in the region of the largest tooth width.
  • the half section shown in FIG. 1 through a synchronous component 1 with a central bore 2 selected from a large number of possible variants shows an annular body 3 shown with a hatched cross section, on which a cylindrical surface 6 is formed between an upper flat surface 4 and a lower flat surface 5.
  • the teeth 7 of a short toothing are attached to the cylindrical surface 6, a total of four segments 8 with five teeth each attached to it being provided distributed over the circumference of the synchronous component 1.
  • the middle tooth representation acc. FIG. 2 shows a finished tooth 7 (in solid lines) and a forged tooth (in dashed lines) according to the right-hand shape cc) of the semi-finished product.
  • the middle tooth representation is intended to demonstrate the degree of deformation from pre-forging to final calibration. This is particularly clear from the presentation acc. Fig. 3 shows. 3, the cylindrical surface 6, projected into the plane, is shown between two dashed lines.
  • the respective deformation from deformation stage aa) for pre-forging to bb) for pre-upsetting and further to cc) for finished upsetting is exaggerated to illustrate the situation.
  • the latter two process stages take place within the calibration process, namely through one or more calibration beats.

Abstract

A process for producing a synchronous component possessing short gear-teeth, with undercut teeth for a gear system, by means of precise forging in which the teeth, which are placed with their radial inner side against a common cylindrical surface and with their base on a common lower plane are first made with tooth flanks which are parallel and then undergo a finishing upsetting operation, this process making it possible to achieve a particularly precise shape of the engagement surfaces, whereby the following stages of the process are important: a) a semi-finished product is produced by preliminary forging, the short-toothed gearing of which possesses teeth (7) having a dimension which exceeds the finished dimension of the tops of the teeth (10); b) by one or several successive calibrating passes the cold semi-finished product is formed in such a way that i) first, the tops of the teeth (10) are upset, whereby the teeth are supported on their radial external sides on the forging side; ii) simultaneously with preliminary upsetting or by means of a further calibration pass by rounding off of the tooth flanks (9) to the lower plane (5), a cold reinforcement is produced in the corresponding bases of the teeth (7) and iii) when the finishing upsetting operation is performed, the tops of the teeth are each shaped in the form of a roof and the tooth flanks receive an oblique setting corresponding to their undercutting.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Herstellen eines mit einer Kurzverzahnung versehenen Synchronbauteils mit hinterschnittenen Zähnen für Schaltgetriebe durch Genauschmieden, wobei die Zähne, welche jeweils mit ihrer radial inneren Seite an einer gemeinsamen Zylinderfläche angesetzt und mit ihrem Fuß auf eine gemeinsame untere Planfläche aufgesetzt sind, zunächst mit parallel verlaufenden Zahnflanken hergestellt und anschließend fertiggestaucht werden.The invention relates to a method for producing a synchronizing component provided with short teeth with undercut teeth for manual transmissions by precision forging, the teeth, each of which is attached to a common cylinder surface with its radially inner side and is placed with its foot on a common lower plane surface be produced with parallel tooth flanks and then fully compressed.

Ein derartiges Verfahren zur Herstellung von der Kraftübertragung dienenden mit Klauen bzw. Taschen ist aus der DE-A1-3 134 857 bekannt. Dort werden beim Vorschmieden Klauen erzeugt, deren Kopfflächen wenigstens entlang ihrer mit den Kupplungsflächen gemeinsamen Kanten mit Aufmaß hergestellt werden. Durch einen nachfolgenden Kalibrierschlag wird die gewünschte Schrägstellung der Kupplungsflächen erzielt. Beim Kalibrieren können die Klauen dabei zwischen quer zu den Kupplungsflächen verlaufenden Gesenkflächen gestützt werden.Such a method for the production of power transmission with claws or pockets is known from DE-A1-3 134 857. Claws are produced there during forging, the top surfaces of which are produced with oversize at least along their edges common to the coupling surfaces. The desired inclination of the coupling surfaces is achieved by a subsequent calibration stroke. When calibrating, the claws can be supported between die surfaces running transversely to the coupling surfaces.

Ferner ist es bekannt (DE-B-2 040 413), beim Herstellen von Keilzahnrädern mit hinterschnittenen Zähnen durch Vorpressen Zähne mit parallel verlaufenden Zahnflanken herzustellen, die anschließend unter Ausbildung einer Dachform fertiggestaucht werden. Die Schräge der Zahnflanken zur Erzielung der hinterschnittenen Zahnform wird hier mittels einer besonderen Abschrägungsvorrichtung erzeugt, bei welcher radial bewegliche Stempel in die Zahnlücken eingreifen.Furthermore, it is known (DE-B-2 040 413), when manufacturing spline gears with undercut teeth, to produce teeth with parallel tooth flanks by pre-pressing, which are then fully compressed to form a roof shape. The bevel of the tooth flanks to achieve the undercut tooth shape is generated here by means of a special chamfering device, in which radially movable punches engage in the tooth gaps.

Der Anwendung des bekannten Schmiedeverfahrens zur Herstellung von mit einer Kurzverzahnung versehenen Synchronbauteilen für Schaltgetriebe sind zumindest bei hohen Genauigkeitsanforderungen bzw. bei sehr kleinen Synchronbauteilen Grenzen gesetzt. Infolge der freien Verformung der die Kupplungsflächen bildenden Seitenflanken der Klauen durch Stauchen des Kopfaufmasses läßt sich die Genauigkeit der Ausbildung der Kupplungsflächen nicht beliebig steigern.There are limits to the use of the known forging process for the production of synchronizing components for manual transmissions provided with short teeth, at least in the case of high accuracy requirements or in the case of very small synchronizing components. As a result of the free deformation of the side flanks of the claws forming the coupling surfaces by upsetting the head dimension, the accuracy of the design of the coupling surfaces cannot be increased arbitrarily.

Demgegenüber liegt der vorliegenden Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, die uneingeschränkte Anwendung des bekannten Verfahrens auf Synchronbauteile der eingangs genannten Art zu ermöglichen und dabei eine erhöhte Genauigkeit bei der Ausbildung der Kupplungsflächen zu erzielen.In contrast, the present invention has for its object to enable the unrestricted application of the known method to synchronous components of the type mentioned and to achieve increased accuracy in the formation of the coupling surfaces.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch die in Patentanspruch 1 gekennzeichneten Verfahrensschritte a) "Vorschmieden" und b) "Kaltkalibrieren" gelöst. Der Verfahrensschritt a) kann durch Kalt- oder Warmschmieden verwirklicht werden; auch äquivalentes Kaltfließpressen kommt in Frage.This object is achieved according to the invention by the method steps a) “pre-forging” and b) “cold calibration” characterized in claim 1. Process step a) can be carried out by cold or hot forging; Equivalent cold extrusion is also an option.

Der Verfahrensschritt b), welcher sich auf einen oder mehrere Kalibrierschläge bezieht, umfaßt eine dreistufige Verformung durch Kalibrieren, unterscheidet sich also insoweit grundlegend von dem genannten Stand der Technik.Method step b), which relates to one or more calibration strokes, comprises a three-stage deformation by calibration, so it differs fundamentally from the prior art mentioned.

In einer ersten Stufe aa) werden die in Richtung der Zahnlänge mit Übermaß hergestellten Zahnköpfe zunächst vorgestaucht; dabei bleiben die geraden, d.h. in radialen Ebenen bezüglich der allen Zähnen gemeinsamen Zylinderfläche verlaufenden Zahnflanken im wesentlichen noch erhalten. Es kommt zu einer Materialverdichtung, die dann in der zweiten Kalibrierstufe gem. Merkmal bb) zu einer Kaltverfestigung insbesondere in dem durch die untere Planfläche gestützten Fußbereich der Zähne führt. Diese Kaltverfestigung im Fußbereich ist nicht nur sehr wesentlich für die genaue Ausformung der Zahnfußausrundung; ihre besondere Wirkung besteht darin, daß sie beim anschließenden Fertigstauchen der Zahnform gem. Merkmal cc) die Schräge der die Kupplungsfläche bildenden Zahnflanken exakt steuert. Je nach Zahnhöhe, Hinterstellungswinkel der Zahnflanken und Flankenformgenauigkeit kann eine gesenkseitige Abstützung der Zahnflanken zweckmäßig sein. Gleichzeitig wird während der dritten Verformungsstufe die für Kurzverzahnungen charakteristische Dachform der Zahnköpfe fertig ausgebildet, wobei die Zahnflanken ihre endgültige Schräge erhalten.In a first stage aa), the tooth heads produced with an oversize in the direction of the tooth length are first pre-compressed; the straight ones remain, i.e. in radial planes with respect to the tooth flanks running common to all teeth, essentially still preserved. There is a material compression, which then acc. To the second calibration stage. Feature bb) leads to strain hardening, particularly in the foot area of the teeth supported by the lower flat surface. This strain hardening in the foot area is not only very important for the precise shaping of the tooth root fillet; their special effect is that they are gem. Feature cc) controls the slope of the tooth flanks forming the coupling surface exactly. Depending on the tooth height, the angle of the tooth flanks and the flank shape accuracy, it may be appropriate to support the tooth flanks on the die side. At the same time, during the third stage of deformation, the roof shape of the tooth tips, which is characteristic of short toothing, is finished, the tooth flanks receiving their final slope.

Es ist grundsätzlich möglich, die drei Verformungsstufen gemäß Merkmal b) von Patentanspruch 1 mittels eines sog. "vorauseilenden" Gesenks innerhalb eines einzigen Kalibrierschlags zu verwirklichen. Zweckmäßig ist jedoch die Anwendung zweier Kalibrierschläge, wobei der erste die Verformungsstufen aa) und bb) verwirklicht, der zweite schließlich die Verformungsstufe cc).In principle, it is possible to implement the three deformation stages according to feature b) of claim 1 by means of a so-called "leading" die within a single calibration stroke. However, it is expedient to use two calibration strokes, the first realizing the deformation stages aa) and bb), the second finally the deformation stage cc).

Die Praxis hat gezeigt, daß nach diesem Verfahren hergestellte Synchronbauteile eine allen Anforderungen für Schaltgetriebe im Kraftfahrzeugbau genügende Kurzverzahnung aufweisen.Practice has shown that synchronous components manufactured using this method have short teeth that meet all the requirements for manual transmissions in motor vehicle construction.

Im Rahmen einer Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist bei der Herstellung des Halbzeugs von Bedeutung, daß die Zylinderfläche im Bereich der Zahnköpfe durch eine obere Planfläche begrenzt ist, über welche die Zahnköpfe des Halbzeugs mit wenigstens einem Teil ihres Aufmaßes hinausragen und daß beim Fertigstauchen die Zähne derartig verformt werden, daß die Zahnköpfe in oder unterhalb der oberen Planfläche enden.In the context of an embodiment of the invention, it is important in the manufacture of the semifinished product that the cylinder surface in the region of the tooth heads is limited by an upper plane surface over which the semifinished product tooth heads protrude with at least a part of their oversize and that the teeth deform in such a way during the final upsetting that the tooth tips end in or below the upper flat surface.

Der Verformungsgrad beim Stauchen der Zahnköpfe ist dabei so zu steuern, daß spätestens während des Fertigstauchens die am Halbzeug ausgebildeten Zähne in einem zwischen oberer Planfläche und fertiger Zahnkopfform liegenden Bereich von der Zylinderfläche abgeschert werden. Es ist in diesem Zusammenhang leicht vorstellbar, daß das abgescherte Material unter Ausbildung der schrägen Zahnflanken in Richtung der Zahnlücke hin ausgeformt wird; dabei bildet die allen Zähnen gemeinsame Zylinderfläche eine wirksame, die Verformung nicht behindernde Stützfläche, die mit dem Zahn im Bereich der größten Zahnbreite unverbunden sein kann.The degree of deformation during upsetting of the tooth heads is to be controlled in such a way that the teeth formed on the semi-finished product are sheared off the cylinder surface in an area lying between the upper flat surface and the finished tooth head shape, at the latest during the final upsetting. In this context, it is easy to imagine that the sheared material is formed to form the oblique tooth flanks in the direction of the tooth gap; the cylinder surface common to all teeth forms an effective support surface which does not prevent deformation and which can be unconnected to the tooth in the region of the largest tooth width.

Im folgenden wird die Herstellung eines Synchronbauteils anhand der Zeichnung erläutert. Es zeigt:

  • Fig. 1 einen axialen Halbschnitt durch ein Synchronbauteil,
  • Fig. 2 einen perspektivischen Abschnitt des Synchronbauteils in der Seitenansicht mit Zähnen in unterschiedlichen Verformungsstufen und
  • Fig. 3 eine schematische Darstellung eines Zahnes in drei unterschiedlichen Verformungsstufen.
The manufacture of a synchronous component is explained below with reference to the drawing. It shows:
  • 1 shows an axial half section through a synchronous component,
  • Fig. 2 shows a perspective section of the synchronous component in side view with teeth in different deformation stages and
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic representation of a tooth in three different deformation stages.

Der in Fig. 1 dargestellte Halbschnitt durch ein aus einer Vielzahl möglicher Varianten ausgewähltes Synchronbauteil 1 mit Mittelbohrung 2 zeigt einen mit schraffiertem Querschnitt dargestellten Ringkörper 3, an welchem zwischen einer oberen Planfläche 4 und einer unteren Planfläche 5 eine Zylinderfläche 6 ausgebildet ist. An der Zylinderfläche 6 sind die Zähne 7 einer Kurzverzahnung angesetzt, wobei über den Umfang des Synchronbauteils 1 verteilt insgesamt vier Segmente 8 mit jeweils fünf daran angesetzten Zähnen vorgesehen sind.The half section shown in FIG. 1 through a synchronous component 1 with a central bore 2 selected from a large number of possible variants shows an annular body 3 shown with a hatched cross section, on which a cylindrical surface 6 is formed between an upper flat surface 4 and a lower flat surface 5. The teeth 7 of a short toothing are attached to the cylindrical surface 6, a total of four segments 8 with five teeth each attached to it being provided distributed over the circumference of the synchronous component 1.

Fig. 2 zeigt einen Ausschnitt aus einem derartigen Segment 8 mit einem fertig geformten Zahn 7 und zwei weiteren Zähnen, welche Durchgangsstadien des Herstellungsverfahrens darstellen. Der rechte Zahn mit der Bezeichnung aa) entspricht der Zahnform des nach dem Warmschmiedeverfahren hergestellten Halbzeugs. Dieser Zahn besitzt, bezogen auf das Segment 8, längs Radialebenen verlaufende Zahnflanken 9 sowie einen dachartig geformten Zahnkopf 10, wobei die Dachform etwas oberhalb der oberen Planfläche 4 des Segments 8 zu liegen kommt. Links ist ein mit cc) bezeichneter fertiger Zahn 7 dargestellt, allerdings mit stark übertrieben gezeichneter Neigung die Kupplungsflächen bildenden Zahnflanken 9. Dieser Zahn ist gegenüber dem rechts dargestellten Zahn der Verformungsstufe aa) in seiner Länge deutlich verkürzt, und zwar als Ergebnis zweier Stauchvorgänge nämlich aus der Schmiedeform aa) in die in Fig. 3 dargestellte Zwischenform bb) und danach in die Endform cc). Die beiden letztgenannten Verformungsstufen bb) und cc) werden bevorzugt durch zwei nacheinander erfolgende Kalibrierschläge verwirklicht. Gemäß Fig. 2 fällt die Spitze des Zahnkopfs des fertigen Zahns 7 etwa mit der Planfläche 4 zusammen. Dieser geometrische Zusammenhang ist jedoch nicht zwingend. Der Zahnkopf kann bei anderen Synchronbauteilen geringfügig sowohl über die obere Planfläche 4 hinausragen als auch darunterliegen.FIG. 2 shows a section of such a segment 8 with a fully formed tooth 7 and two further teeth, which represent the stages of the manufacturing process. The right tooth with the designation aa) corresponds to the tooth shape of the semi-finished product manufactured by the hot forging process. This tooth has, based on the segment 8, tooth flanks 9 running along radial planes and a roof-shaped tooth head 10, the roof shape coming to lie somewhat above the upper flat surface 4 of the segment 8. On the left is a finished tooth 7 designated cc), but with a greatly exaggerated inclination forming the tooth flanks 9 forming the coupling surfaces. This tooth is significantly shortened in length compared to the tooth of the deformation stage aa) shown on the right, namely as a result of two upsetting processes the forging mold aa) into the intermediate mold bb) shown in FIG. 3 and then into the final mold cc). The last two deformation stages bb) and cc) are preferably achieved by two successive calibration strokes. 2, the tip of the tooth head of the finished tooth 7 coincides approximately with the flat surface 4. However, this geometric relationship is not essential. In other synchronous components, the tooth tip can protrude slightly above the upper plane surface 4 as well as underneath.

Die mittlere Zahndarstellung gem. Fig. 2 zeigt übereinandergezeichnet einen fertigen Zahn 7 (in durchgezogenen Linien) und einen geschmiedeten Zahn (in gestrichelten Linien), gemäß der rechten Form cc) des Halbzeugs. Die mittlere Zahndarstellung soll den Verformungsgrad vom Vorschmieden zum Fertigkalibrieren demonstrieren. Dies geht besonders deutlich auch aus der Darstellung gem. Fig. 3 hervor. Gemäß Fig. 3 ist die zylindrische Fläche 6, in die Ebene projeziert, zwischen zwei strichlierten Linien dargestellt. Auch hier ist die jeweilige Verformung von der Verformungsstufe aa) für Vorschmieden zu bb) für Vorstauchen und weiter zu cc) für Fertigstauchen zur Verdeutlichung der Verhältnisse übertrieben dargestellt. Die beiden letztgenannten Verfahrensstufen finden innerhalb des Kalibriervorgangs statt und zwar durch einen oder mehrere Kalibrierschlag bzw.-schläge. Wesentlich ist dabei, daß beim Vorstauchen - in der Verformungsstufe bb) -eine Kaltverfestigung innerhalb der Zonen 11 um die Fußausrundung 12 der Zähne erzielt wird. Diese Kaltverfestigung ist wesentliche Ursache dafür, daß die die Kupplungsflächen bildenden Zahnflanken 9 des fertig kalibrieren Zahnes 7 eine formgenaue, ebene Fläche bilden, die in der jeweils gewünschten Schräge zur Verbreiterung des Zahnkopfes hin nach oben verläuft.The middle tooth representation acc. FIG. 2 shows a finished tooth 7 (in solid lines) and a forged tooth (in dashed lines) according to the right-hand shape cc) of the semi-finished product. The middle tooth representation is intended to demonstrate the degree of deformation from pre-forging to final calibration. This is particularly clear from the presentation acc. Fig. 3 shows. 3, the cylindrical surface 6, projected into the plane, is shown between two dashed lines. Here, too, the respective deformation from deformation stage aa) for pre-forging to bb) for pre-upsetting and further to cc) for finished upsetting is exaggerated to illustrate the situation. The latter two process stages take place within the calibration process, namely through one or more calibration beats. It is important here that during pre-upsetting - in the deformation stage bb) - a work hardening is achieved within the zones 11 around the root curve 12 of the teeth. This work hardening is an essential cause for the fact that the tooth flanks 9 of the finished calibrated tooth 7 forming the coupling surfaces form a shape-accurate, flat surface which runs upwards in the desired slope to widen the tooth head.

Mittels eines nicht dargestellten, an sich bekannten vorlaufenden Gesenks, ist es beim Kalibrieren in der Verformungsstufe bb) möglich, zuerst die Fußausrundung 12 durch Vorstauchen des Zahnes aus der Verformungsstufe aa) in die Verformungsstufe bb) zu erzeugen. Dabei kommt es in der Verformungsstufe bb) zu einer kaumerkennbaren Schrägstellung der Zahnflanken 9. Erst beim Fertigstauchen innerhalb der Verformungsstufe cc) erhalten diese die gewünschte Schrägstellung. Ein Vergleich der links dargestellten Verformungsstufe aa) mit der rechts dargestellten Endstufe cc) läßt auf der Zylinderfläche 6 den schraffiert dargestellten Scherbereich 13 erkennen, aus welchem ein Werkstofftransport stattfindet, der im Ergebnis die Kopfverbreiterung des fertigen Zahnes ermöglicht. Die Zahnformen der Fig. 2 und 3 sind im wesentlichen schematisch dargestellt. In Wirklichkeit sind die Kanten insbesondere der Zwischenformen aa) und bb) etwas gerundet und die Schrägstellung der Zahnflanken in der Endform cc) ist deutlich geringer. Nach dem ersten Kalibrierschritt (Verformungsstufe bb) können die Zahnflanken in Kopfnähe leicht konvex, darunter geringfügig konkav verlaufen, wie in Fig. 3 durch eine strichlierte Linie "f" gezeigt.By means of a leading die, not shown, which is known per se, it is possible, when calibrating in the deformation stage bb), to first produce the root curve 12 by upsetting the tooth from the deformation stage aa) into the deformation stage bb). In the deformation stage bb), there is a barely recognizable inclination of the tooth flanks 9. Only when the finished upsetting within the deformation stage cc) do they get the desired inclination. A comparison of the deformation stage aa) shown on the left with the output stage cc) shown on the right reveals the hatched shear area 13 on the cylinder surface 6, from which material transport takes place, which as a result enables the head to widen the finished tooth. 2 and 3 are shown essentially schematically. In reality, the edges of the intermediate forms aa) and bb) in particular are somewhat rounded and the inclination of the tooth flanks in the final form cc) is significantly less. After the first calibration step (deformation stage bb), the tooth flanks near the head can be slightly convex, including slightly concave, as shown in FIG. 3 by a broken line "f".

Claims (3)

1. Method for the production of a synchronous component (1) provided with short toothing, with teeth (7) having a back taper for change-over gears by precision forging, in which case the teeth (7), which are respectively attached by their radially inner side to a common cylindrical surface (6) and attached by their base to a common lower plane surface (5), are first of all produced with tooth flanks (9) extending in parallel and are then subject to final upsetting, characterised by the following steps of the method:
a) By preliminary forging a semi-finished product is produced, whereof the short toothing comprises teeth (7) with an admeasurement exceeding the finished tooth tip (10).
b) The effect of one or more successive sizing blows to the cold semi-finished product is such that
aa) first of all the tips (10) of the teeth are pre-upset, the teeth being supported adjacent the die on their radially outer sides,
bb) at the same time as the pre-upsetting or due to a further sizing blow, by rounding the flanks (9) of the teeth with respect to the lower plane surface (5), cold work-hardening is produced respectively in the base region (11, 12) of the teeth (7) and
cc) at the time of final upsetting, the tips of the teeth acquire a roof shape and the flanks of the teeth acquire the inclined position corresponding to their back taper.
2. Method according to Claim 1, characterised in that the cylindrical surface (6) is limited in the region of the tips of the teeth by an upper plane surface (4), beyond which the tips of the teeth of the semi-finished product project with at least part of their admeasurement and that at the time of final upsetting, the teeth (7) are deformed so that the tips of the teeth terminate at the level of or below the upper plane surface (4).
3. Method according to Claim 2, characterised in that at the time of upsetting of the tips of the teeth, at the latest during final upsetting, the teeth formed on the semi-finished product are sheared off the cylindrical surface (6) in a region (13) lying between the upper plane surface (4) and the final shape of the tooth tip.
EP85903281A 1984-07-24 1985-07-08 Forging process Expired EP0189447B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT85903281T ATE33772T1 (en) 1984-07-24 1985-07-08 FORGING PROCESS.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3427156 1984-07-24
DE3427156A DE3427156C2 (en) 1984-07-24 1984-07-24 Method for producing a synchronous part with undercut teeth

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0189447A1 EP0189447A1 (en) 1986-08-06
EP0189447B1 true EP0189447B1 (en) 1988-04-27

Family

ID=6241368

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EP85903281A Expired EP0189447B1 (en) 1984-07-24 1985-07-08 Forging process

Country Status (14)

Country Link
US (1) US4700446A (en)
EP (1) EP0189447B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS61502736A (en)
BR (1) BR8506856A (en)
CA (1) CA1249458A (en)
CS (1) CS259530B2 (en)
DE (2) DE3427156C2 (en)
ES (1) ES8701549A1 (en)
HU (1) HU198139B (en)
IL (1) IL75883A (en)
IN (1) IN164593B (en)
WO (1) WO1986000838A1 (en)
YU (1) YU45265B (en)
ZA (1) ZA855513B (en)

Cited By (3)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102011111216A1 (en) 2011-08-20 2013-02-21 Sona Blw Präzisionsschmiede Gmbh SYNCHRONIZER RING
DE102011088864A1 (en) 2011-12-16 2013-06-20 Cdp Bharat Forge Gmbh Method for manufacturing material-deforming tool i.e. calibrating press, for manufacturing and calibrating mono block ratchet wheels, involves processing embossing surfaces by high speed cutting milling process for calibrating teeth
EP3273084B1 (en) 2016-07-22 2022-03-30 Diehl Metall Stiftung & Co. KG Synchronous ring

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FR2600274B1 (en) * 1986-06-18 1990-03-09 Garconnet Michel PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF SPROCKETS OF WHICH THE EDGE OF ATTACK OF THE TEETH SHAPES A ANGLE WITH A SHARP EDGE
US5230134A (en) * 1992-02-11 1993-07-27 Laue Charles E Method of making a petal rod
DE4220523A1 (en) * 1992-06-23 1994-01-05 Hirschvogel Umformtechnik Gmbh Method for producing a workpiece having a press section and device for carrying out the method
US5425286A (en) * 1993-04-09 1995-06-20 Laue; Charles E. Two piece pedal rod and method of making same
US5606790A (en) * 1993-04-09 1997-03-04 Charles E. Laue Method of making a two piece pedal rod
CH690565A5 (en) * 1995-04-10 2000-10-31 Feinstanz Ag A process for producing gear components with teeth with a roof shape and an undercut.
EP0858373B1 (en) * 1995-10-31 2000-01-26 Colfor Manufacturing, Inc. Apparatus and method for forging a pinion gear with a near net shape
DE19624774C2 (en) * 1996-06-21 2000-06-08 Blw Praezisionsschmiede Gmbh Clutch teeth in a manual transmission
ES2170524T3 (en) * 1997-08-13 2002-08-01 Hirschvogel Umformtechnik Gmbh PROCEDURE FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF A SPEED CHANGE SPROCKET, DEVICE FOR THE PUTTING INTO PRACTICE OF THIS PROCEDURE AND SPEED CHANGE SPROUTED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE PROCEDURE.
DE19744639B4 (en) * 1997-08-13 2007-03-01 Hirschvogel Umformtechnik Gmbh A method of manufacturing a shift gear, apparatus for carrying out the method, and a shift gear made by the method
DE19820654B4 (en) * 1998-05-08 2006-11-23 Schaeffler Kg Sliding sleeve of a synchronizing unit for manual transmission
DE10021088A1 (en) * 2000-04-28 2001-11-08 Johann Hay Gmbh & Co Kg Automo Sliding sleeve for a manual transmission and method for its production
EP2508274B1 (en) * 2011-04-05 2013-07-17 Feintool Intellectual Property AG Method and device for increasing the bearing area of a fine blanked workpiece with a tooth, a tooth section or the like
DE102011110169B4 (en) * 2011-08-13 2022-10-13 Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft Process for manufacturing a ratchet wheel for a manual transmission
DE102011114504A1 (en) * 2011-09-29 2013-04-04 Sona Blw Präzisionsschmiede Gmbh Method and device for producing a gear wheel with short toothing
US9126258B2 (en) 2013-02-28 2015-09-08 Robert Rottinghaus Unitary connector pin formed by two-stage cold heading die
DE102013016048B3 (en) * 2013-09-27 2015-02-05 Sona Blw Präzisionsschmiede Gmbh Method for producing a gearshift by forming
CN105387096A (en) * 2015-12-18 2016-03-09 天津天海同步科技有限公司 Synchronizer tooth sleeve and optimization method of reverse tapered teeth thereof
DE102018117368A1 (en) * 2017-07-21 2019-01-24 Jtekt Corporation MACHINING DEVICE AND PROCESSING METHOD

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102011111216A1 (en) 2011-08-20 2013-02-21 Sona Blw Präzisionsschmiede Gmbh SYNCHRONIZER RING
EP2561938A1 (en) 2011-08-20 2013-02-27 SONA BLW Präzisionsschmiede GmbH Method of manufacturing a synchronizing ring
DE102011088864A1 (en) 2011-12-16 2013-06-20 Cdp Bharat Forge Gmbh Method for manufacturing material-deforming tool i.e. calibrating press, for manufacturing and calibrating mono block ratchet wheels, involves processing embossing surfaces by high speed cutting milling process for calibrating teeth
EP3273084B1 (en) 2016-07-22 2022-03-30 Diehl Metall Stiftung & Co. KG Synchronous ring

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
HU198139B (en) 1989-08-28
ES545490A0 (en) 1986-12-16
ES8701549A1 (en) 1986-12-16
YU45265B (en) 1992-05-28
HUT43798A (en) 1987-12-28
IL75883A0 (en) 1985-12-31
IN164593B (en) 1989-04-15
CS259530B2 (en) 1988-10-14
CA1249458A (en) 1989-01-31
JPH035251B2 (en) 1991-01-25
WO1986000838A1 (en) 1986-02-13
ZA855513B (en) 1986-03-26
EP0189447A1 (en) 1986-08-06
DE3427156A1 (en) 1986-02-06
YU121085A (en) 1988-04-30
DE3427156C2 (en) 1986-07-17
JPS61502736A (en) 1986-11-27
US4700446A (en) 1987-10-20
DE3562319D1 (en) 1988-06-01
IL75883A (en) 1987-10-20
BR8506856A (en) 1986-09-23

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