EP0186776B1 - Apparatus for the production of a vacuum - Google Patents

Apparatus for the production of a vacuum Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0186776B1
EP0186776B1 EP85114893A EP85114893A EP0186776B1 EP 0186776 B1 EP0186776 B1 EP 0186776B1 EP 85114893 A EP85114893 A EP 85114893A EP 85114893 A EP85114893 A EP 85114893A EP 0186776 B1 EP0186776 B1 EP 0186776B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
separator
gas
fine separator
cooler
vacuum pump
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP85114893A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0186776A1 (en
Inventor
Siegfried Dipl.-Ing. Schönwald
Hans-Georg Trojahn
Norbert Dipl.-Ing. Schmid
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Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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Priority to AT85114893T priority Critical patent/ATE40583T1/en
Publication of EP0186776A1 publication Critical patent/EP0186776A1/en
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Publication of EP0186776B1 publication Critical patent/EP0186776B1/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C23/00—Combinations of two or more pumps, each being of rotary-piston or oscillating-piston type, specially adapted for elastic fluids; Pumping installations specially adapted for elastic fluids; Multi-stage pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C29/00—Component parts, details or accessories of pumps or pumping installations, not provided for in groups F04C18/00 - F04C28/00
    • F04C29/04—Heating; Cooling; Heat insulation

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for generating a vacuum, which contains a liquid ring pump driven by an electric motor as a vacuum pump, in which device the vacuum pump is followed by a pre-separator provided with a storage space for separating the conveyed gas from the auxiliary liquid carried with the auxiliary liquid from the storage space from a liquid cooler to the liquid ring pump and the gas still loaded with a remainder of the auxiliary liquid is fed to a fine separator downstream of the pre-separator, which is provided with a return line for the auxiliary liquid separated in it.
  • a cooler is arranged downstream of a pre-separator for the lubricating oil which serves as a collecting space and via which the compressed air is arranged in a spatially separate manner from the cooler Fine separator is fed.
  • the compressed air is cooled in the cooler, so that the lubricating oil particles which are still entrained condense into larger droplets and can thus be better deposited in the fine separator.
  • the invention has for its object to improve a device of the type described above in that the liquid separation is significantly improved by appropriate cooling, without condensation of the moisture contained in the sucked gas within the pump and the pre-separator must be accepted. This task should also be solved with the least possible design effort.
  • the pre-separator and the fine separator are arranged spatially separate and the gas still loaded with a remainder of the auxiliary liquid is fed to the fine separator via a gas cooler arranged separately from the liquid cooler, the two coolers being dimensioned such that the Gas is cooled to a lower temperature than the outlet temperature of the auxiliary liquid measured at the outlet of the liquid cooler.
  • the spatially separated arrangement of the two separators achieves a thermal decoupling of the fine separator from the pre-separator, which is strongly heated by the auxiliary liquid and the compressed gas. Only the auxiliary liquid flowing back to the vacuum pump is cooled via the liquid cooler, it being possible for the liquid cooler to be designed such that a favorable operating temperature of the auxiliary liquid is achieved.
  • the liquid cooler can be dimensioned accordingly small.
  • the gas cooler arranged between the pre-separator and the fine separator need only apply the smaller cooling capacity necessary for cooling the gas. It can be dimensioned such that a favorable low temperature necessary for separating the auxiliary liquid is reached.
  • a separate fan for the liquid cooler and the gas cooler can be avoided by arranging these coolers in the cooling air flow of the electric motor.
  • an embodiment of the liquid cooler which does not take up any additional space results from the fact that it is designed as a coiled tube which is arranged concentrically around the electric motor or between it and the vacuum pump. Additional space is also not claimed if a double-walled fan hood is provided as a gas cooler on the electric motor, surrounding the fan, through the cavity of which the gas is passed.
  • the described design of the two coolers therefore has the advantage that they are inevitably in the cooling air flow of the fan of the electric motor, the gas cooler being acted upon by the fresh air which has not yet been heated.
  • both the pre-separator and the fine separator are each installed in a tubular housing part and the two housing parts are arranged with their longitudinal axes parallel to the longitudinal axis of the electric motor. It is particularly advantageous here that both the inlet and outlet connections of the vacuum pump are directed upwards and the two separators are each attached to one of the two connections lying above the electric motor.
  • Such an arrangement of the separators above the engine is particularly favorable for the lateral connection of the gas lines to the fan cover.
  • the gas lines led out from the side of the fan hood are led laterally into the pre-separator or fine separator, so that there is a very short and simple pipe guide for the gas lines.
  • both the separators and the gas lines are at least partially covered by the cooling air flow from the engine fan.
  • the pre-separator and the fine separator each consist of a head part containing the connection points for the lines to be connected and a head part that can be connected to this head part and contains the elements of the respective separator.
  • An easily detachable connection of the container parts to the head parts is possible in that the container parts are cylindrical bushings that have a radially outwardly projecting bead on their open side, with which they can be fastened on by means of a clamping lock that overlaps this bead and a corresponding bead formed on the head part Headboard are attached.
  • a simple design of the pre-separator is characterized in that a gas guide line connected to the head part runs parallel to the upper boundary wall of the container part, which ends near the bottom of the container part and that the lower region of the container part forms the storage space which has a Opening is connected to a drain opening of the head part connected to the liquid cooler.
  • a hollow roller-shaped filter is arranged in the fine separator and its cavity is connected to the gas supply opening of the head part. This means that no further line elements for the gas between the feed opening of the head part and the filter are necessary.
  • a return of the auxiliary liquid accumulating in the fine separator to the pump circuit is possible without separate return lines by providing a bore in the head part of the fine separator which is below the level of the surface of the auxiliary liquid collecting in the fine separator and opens into the lateral tube attachment of the suction nozzle of the vacuum pump. If, on the other hand, a return line is provided, it is expedient that this leads into the inlet connection of the vacuum pump or into the sector between the inlet and outlet opening of the working space of the vacuum pump. Due to the higher pressure prevailing in the container part of the fine separator in relation to the mouth into the vacuum pump, the auxiliary liquid is conveyed to the vacuum pump in both cases.
  • a condensate separator in it. In this separator, any condensates contained in the auxiliary liquid are separated from the latter.
  • the auxiliary liquid can be introduced into the working space of the pump at such a point where the suction process has already been completed.
  • the intake volume flow is then only slightly influenced by the evaporating condensate. In such a case, a separate condensate separator is not necessary if the accumulation of condensate is only occasional and limited.
  • a return of the auxiliary liquid accumulating in the fan cover without a separate conveying device is possible in that a discharge line of small cross-section is connected at the lowest point of the fan cover and is guided into the fine separator above the level of the auxiliary liquid accumulating in the fine separator.
  • a pressure drop arises between the interior thereof and the container space surrounding the hollow roller-shaped filter. This pressure drop is effective on the discharge line leading from the fan cover to the fine separator and ensures that the auxiliary liquid is conveyed from the fan cover into the fine separator.
  • a liquid ring pump 2 is mounted as a vacuum pump.
  • an upward inlet connection 4 and an outlet connection 5 are each formed.
  • a pipe extension 6 is connected to the outlet nozzle 5, to which a pre-separator 7 is connected.
  • the pre-separator 7 has a head part 8 serving to connect various pipelines and a container part 9 receiving the separator elements.
  • the head and container parts 8 and 9 are detachably connected to one another by means of a tension lock 10.
  • a gas line 11 leads from the head part 8 of the pre-separator 7 to a fan hood 13 which encloses the fan 12 of the electric motor 1 and which forms a gas cooler.
  • the fan cover 13 is double-walled, so that the gas supplied via the gas line 11 connected laterally to the fan cover 13 can flow through the cavity 16 existing between the walls 14 and 15 of the fan cover 13.
  • the gas is introduced into the head part 18 of a fine separator 19 via a further gas line 17 connected laterally to the circumference of the fan cover 13.
  • a container part 20 is connected to the top plate 18 of the fine separator 19, in the same way as for the pre-separator 7, by means of a tension lock 10.
  • An outlet opening 21 for the gas is present in the head part 18 of the fine separator 19.
  • the head part 18 itself is screwed onto a tubular extension 22 of the inlet connector 4 and is carried by the latter.
  • a liquid cooler 23 designed as a tube coil is arranged between the electric motor 1 and the housing of the liquid ring pump 2 concentrically with the housing of the electric motor 1. Depending on the size of the liquid cooler 23, it can extend more or less over the length of the motor housing.
  • the liquid cooler 23 is connected at its one end 24 to the head part 8 of the pre-separator 7.
  • the other end 25 of the liquid cooler 23 either opens into the inlet connection 4 or into the sector between the inlet and outlet opening of the working space of the liquid ring pump 2.
  • a discharge line 26 is connected, which is led into the fine separator 19 from the end face of the head part 18 of the fine separator 19 above the level of the surface of the auxiliary liquid 33 accumulating in the fine separator 19.
  • a return line 27 connected to a drain hole 43 of the head part 18 also leads from the head part 18 to the inlet connection 4 of the liquid ring pump 2.
  • the pre-separator 7 shown in a slightly schematic representation in FIG. 5 is screwed with an inlet opening 28 provided in its head part 8 onto the pipe extension 6 of the outlet connection 5 of the liquid ring pump 2.
  • a gas guide line 29 is connected to the inlet bore 28.
  • the gas guide line 29 runs parallel to the boundary wall of the container part 9 and ends shortly before the bottom 30 of the container part 9.
  • a shield 31 pointing downward is arranged on the gas guide line 29 and a deflection plate 32 extending perpendicularly from the bottom 30 is arranged on the bottom of the container part 9.
  • the gas emerging from the gas guide line 29 and loaded with auxiliary liquid 33 is deflected twice by the screen 31 and the deflection plate 32 by 90 ° each.
  • auxiliary liquid 33 The majority of the auxiliary liquid 33 is separated out and collects in the lower region of the container part 9. A further part of the auxiliary liquid 33 is separated from the gas by means of a separating filter 34 arranged transversely in the container part 9. The gas flows behind the separating filter 34 to an outlet bore 35, whereby it is redirected again by a transverse wall 36. During this redirection, a further part of the auxiliary liquid 33 can precipitate on the transverse wall 36 and flow down from here.
  • the gas line 11 leading to the fan cover 13 is connected to the outlet bore 35. Below the level of the surface of the auxiliary liquid 33 accumulating in the container part 9, a drain opening 37 is provided, to which the liquid cooler 23 is connected at its one end 24.
  • the fine separator 19 shown schematically in FIG. 7 also has a gas supply opening 38 to which a hollow roller-shaped filter 40 is connected by means of a tube 39.
  • the gas still loaded with a residual auxiliary liquid 33 enters the cavity of the filter 40 via the gas supply opening 38 and flows through it from the inside to the outside. Since the gas in the fan cover 13 has been cooled to a relatively low temperature after leaving the pre-separator 7, a high degree of separation is achieved in the filter 40. After flowing through the filter 40, the gas leaves the fine separator 19 via a post-filter 42 via the outlet opening 21.
  • a drain bore 43 Below the surface of the auxiliary liquid 33 that collects in the lower area of the fine separator 19 is a drain bore 43, and the return line 27 is connected.
  • a hole 44 leading into the lateral pipe socket 22 can also be provided, via which the auxiliary liquid 33 flows into the pipe socket 22 and from here into the inlet connection 4 of the liquid ring pump.
  • the return line 27 must be provided if, prior to the return of the auxiliary liquid 33 into the liquid ring pump 2, a condensate present in the auxiliary liquid 33 is separated by means of a condensate separator or if the auxiliary liquid 33 is located at a certain point between the inlet and outlet openings of the working space of the vacuum pump to be reintroduced into the pump.
  • FIGS. 6 and 8 show that these head parts have the same shape and size.
  • Appropriate finish bores then prepare the head sections either for use on the pre-separator or fine separator.
  • the inlet bore 28 and the drain opening 37 must be made on the head part 8 for the pre-separator 7 and the outlet opening 21 and the drain bore 43 and the bore 44 on the head part 18 for the fine separator 19.
  • the device works as follows: Air is drawn in from a space in which a vacuum is to be created, via the inlet connection 4. The air is compressed in the liquid ring pump and, together with part of the auxiliary liquid 33 present in the liquid ring pump 2, is expelled into the pre-separator 7 via the outlet connection 5 and the pipe extension 6 connected to it. Most of the auxiliary liquid 33 is already separated out of the air-liquid mixture in the pre-separator 7. The auxiliary liquid 33 accumulating in the pre-separator 7 is conveyed into the liquid cooler 23 by the pressure prevailing in the pre-separator 7 and is cooled there by a certain temperature difference.
  • the auxiliary liquid 33 flows from the liquid cooler 23 back into the inlet connection 4 or into the sector between the inlet and outlet opening of the working space of the pump and is thus available again for the further operation of the liquid ring pump 2.
  • the liquid cooler 23 is dimensioned such that the auxiliary liquid 33 is cooled only by a relatively small temperature difference and leaves the liquid cooler 23 at a temperature which is favorable for the operation of the liquid ring pump 2.
  • the air When flowing through the fan cover 13, the air is cooled down to a temperature which is substantially, ie. that is, by more than 10 ° C., below the outlet temperature of the auxiliary liquid 33 when it emerges from the liquid cooler 25.
  • condensation of the auxiliary liquid vapors still present in it sets in, by means of which the separation of the auxiliary liquid 33 in the filter 40 is promoted.
  • the air After flowing through the filter 40, the air leaves the fine separator 19 through the outlet opening 21.
  • the auxiliary liquid 33 that accumulates in the fine separator 19 is returned to the circuit of the device via the drain hole 43 and the return line 27 or the hole 44 connected to it.
  • the auxiliary liquid 33 By cooling the gas in the fan cover 13, part of the auxiliary liquid 33 can already condense here and collects at the lowest point of the fan cover 13. From here, the auxiliary liquid 33 is conveyed into the fine separator 19 via the discharge line 26. Since the discharge line 26 opens into the fine separator behind the filter 40, there is a pressure difference between their connection to the fan cover 13 and the opening in the fine separator 19, which pressure difference is sufficient to convey the auxiliary liquid 33 from the fan cover 13 into the fine separator. As a result of this arrangement of the discharge line 26, there is no need for a separate conveying device for the removal of the auxiliary liquid 33 from the fan cover 13.
  • a liquid ring pump 2 as a vacuum pump is particularly advantageous for the operation of the liquid cooler 23 at a temperature level which is substantially higher than the temperature level of the Gaa cooler 13.
  • a relatively large amount of auxiliary liquid 33 is expelled together with the compressed gas. This means that a large mass of liquid is available for the removal of the heat lost in the pump. It is therefore sufficient to have a relatively small temperature difference in the cooling of the auxiliary liquid in the liquid cooler in order to dissipate the heat loss to the outside.
  • a relatively small gas cooler 13 is required to cool this gas.
  • This gas cooler 13 is dimensioned such that the gas is cooled in the liquid cooler 23 by a substantially greater temperature difference than the auxiliary liquid 33.
  • the respective coolers Due to the separate cooling of the auxiliary liquid 33 and the gas, the respective coolers can be designed specifically for the cooling capacity required in each case. Overall, this leads to less cooling effort.

Abstract

A device for generating a vacuum comprises a liquid-ring vacuum pump driven by an electric motor and operating with a working fluid. A mixture of compressed air and working fluid from the pump flows to a preseparator which separates a major portion of the working fluid from the gaseous mixture. The separated working fluid is fed from a reservoir in the preseparator via a liquid cooling coil back to the liquid-ring vacuum pump, while the gas still loaded with a residue of the working fluid is fed to a fine separator by means of a gas cooler, working fluid separated in the fine separator being returned to the pump via a return line. The preseparator and the fine separator are physically spaced from one another. The gas cooler and the liquid cooling coil are also physically spaced from one another and are located in the path of the cooling air stream for the electric motor. The coolers are designed so that the gas from the preseparator is cooled to a substantially lower temperature than the temperature to which the working fluid is cooled in the liquid cooling coil.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung zur Erzeugung eines Vakuums, die eine, von einem Elektromotor angetriebene Flüssigkeitsringpumpe als Vakuumpumpe enthält, bei welcher Vorrichtung der Vakuumpumpe ein mit einem Vorratsraum versehener Vorabscheider zur Trennung des geförderten Gases von der mit geführten Hilfsflüssigkeit nachgeschaltet ist, wobei die Hilfsflüssigkeit von dem Vorratsraum aus über einen Flüssigkeitskühler wieder der Flüssigkeitsringpumpe und das noch mit einem Rest der Hilfsflüssigkeit beladene Gas einem dem Vorabscheider nachgeordneten Feinabscheider zugeführt ist, der mit einer Rückführleitung für die in ihm abgeschiedene Hilfsflüssigkeit versehen ist.The invention relates to a device for generating a vacuum, which contains a liquid ring pump driven by an electric motor as a vacuum pump, in which device the vacuum pump is followed by a pre-separator provided with a storage space for separating the conveyed gas from the auxiliary liquid carried with the auxiliary liquid from the storage space from a liquid cooler to the liquid ring pump and the gas still loaded with a remainder of the auxiliary liquid is fed to a fine separator downstream of the pre-separator, which is provided with a return line for the auxiliary liquid separated in it.

Eine ähnliche Vorrichtung bei der es sich aber um ölgeflutete Drehschieberpumpen handelt, ist aus der Zeitschrift « Fluid Oktober 1982. Seite 58 bekannt. Bei dieser Vorrichtung wird das aus dem Vorabscheider austretende, noch mit einem Rest des als Hilfsflüssigkeit verwendeten Öles beladene Gas über ein Feinfilter geleitet, das in einer an den Vorabscheider angebauten Kammer angeordnet ist.A similar device, but which is oil-flooded rotary vane pumps, is known from the magazine "Fluid October 1982" on page 58. In this device, the gas emerging from the pre-separator and still loaded with a remainder of the oil used as auxiliary liquid is passed through a fine filter which is arranged in a chamber attached to the pre-separator.

Es ist bekannt, daß die Ölabscheidung in hohem Maße von der Öltemperatur abhängt. Bei einer niederen Öltemperatur wird eine wesentlich bessere Abscheidung des Öles aus dem Gas erreicht.It is known that oil separation is highly dependent on the oil temperature. With a lower oil temperature, the oil is separated from the gas much better.

So ist bei einem durch die DE-C-677 399 be--kannten Drehkolbengebläse zur Abscheidung der in der verdichteten Luft mitgeführten Schmierölreste einem als Sammelraum dienenden Vorabscheider für das Schmieröl ein Kühler nachgeordnet, über den die verdichtete Luft einem gegenüber dem Kühler räumlich getrennt angeordneten Feinabscheider zugeleitet wird. In dem Kühler wird die verdichtete Luft abgekühlt, so daß die noch mitgeführten Schmierölpartikel zu größeren Tröpfchen kondensieren und sich somit in dem Feinabscheider besser niederschlagen können.Thus, in a rotary piston blower known from DE-C-677 399 for separating the lubricating oil residues carried in the compressed air, a cooler is arranged downstream of a pre-separator for the lubricating oil which serves as a collecting space and via which the compressed air is arranged in a spatially separate manner from the cooler Fine separator is fed. The compressed air is cooled in the cooler, so that the lubricating oil particles which are still entrained condense into larger droplets and can thus be better deposited in the fine separator.

Ferner ist es durch die DE-OS2636493 bekannt, bei einer Drucklufterzeugungsanlage zur besseren Abscheidung des Öles aus der verdichteten Luft zwischen dem Verdichter und dem Vorabscheider einen Kühler anzuordnen, durch den das aus dem Verdichter austretende Gas-ÖI-Gemisch gekühlt wird, bevor es in den Vorabscheider gelangt. Dabei wird das Öl auf relativ niedrige Temperaturen abgekühlt, was einen entsprechend großen Kühler bedingt. Dem Vorabscheider ist direkt noch ein Separator nachgeschaltet, der zur Abscheidung des Restöles dient. Für die den Separator verlassende Druckluft kann ein Kühler vorgesehen werden.Furthermore, it is known from DE-OS2636493 to arrange a cooler in a compressed air generation system for better separation of the oil from the compressed air between the compressor and the pre-separator, by means of which the gas / oil mixture emerging from the compressor is cooled before it is in reaches the pre-separator. The oil is cooled to relatively low temperatures, which requires a correspondingly large cooler. A separator, which serves to separate the residual oil, is connected directly downstream of the pre-separator. A cooler can be provided for the compressed air leaving the separator.

Bei einer Vakuumerzeugungsanlage sind niedrige Temperaturen der in die Vakuumpumpe eingeleiteten Hilfsflüssigkeit unerwünscht, da sie eine Kondensation der in der angesaugten Luft enthaltenen Feuchtigkeit in der Vakuumpumpe verursachen.In a vacuum generation system, low temperatures of the auxiliary liquid introduced into the vacuum pump are undesirable since they cause the moisture contained in the sucked-in air to condense in the vacuum pump.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Vorrichtung der eingangs beschriebenen Art dahingehend zu verbessern, daß die Flüssigkeitsabscheidung durch entsprechende Kühlung wesentlich verbessert ist, ohne daß eine Kondensation der in dem angesaugten Gas enthaltenen Feuchtigkeit innerhalb der Pumpe und des Vorabscheiders in Kauf genommen werden muß. Diese Aufgabe soll außerdem mit einem möglichst geringen konstruktiven Aufwand gelöst werden.The invention has for its object to improve a device of the type described above in that the liquid separation is significantly improved by appropriate cooling, without condensation of the moisture contained in the sucked gas within the pump and the pre-separator must be accepted. This task should also be solved with the least possible design effort.

Dies gelingt nach der Erfindung dadurch, daß der Vorabscheider und der Feinabscheider räumlich getrennt angeordnet sind und das noch mit einem Rest der Hilfsflüssigkeit beladene Gas über einen gegenüber dem Flüssigkeitskühler getrennt angeordneten Gaskühler dem Feinabscheider zugeführt ist, wobei die beiden Kühler so dimensioniert sind, daß das Gas gegenüber der am Ausgang des Flüssigkeitskühlers gemessenen Austrittstemperatur der Hilfsflüssigkeit auf eine niedrigere Temperatur abgekühlt wird. Durch die räumlich getrennte Anordnung der beiden Abscheider wird eine wärmemäßige Entkoppelung des Feinabscheiders von dem durch die Hilfsflüssigkeit und das verdichtete Gas stark erwärmten Vorabscheider erreicht. Über den Flüssigkeitskühler wird lediglich die zur Vakuumpumpe zurückströmende Hilfsflüssigkeit gekühlt, wobei der Flüssigkeitskühler so ausgelegt werden kann, daß eine günstige Betriebstemperatur der Hilfsflüssigkeit erreicht wird. Da die Hilfsflüssigkeit nur auf eine noch relativ hohe Temperatur abgekühlt wird, kann der Flüssigkeitskühler entsprechend klein dimensioniert werden. Der zwischen dem Vorabscheider und dem Feinabscheider angeordnete Gaskühler braucht nur die zum Herunterkühlen des Gases notwendige kleinere Kühlleistung aufzubringen. Er kann so dimensioniert werden, daß eine zum Abscheiden der Hilfsflüssigkeit notwendige günstige tiefe Temperatur erreicht wird.This is achieved according to the invention in that the pre-separator and the fine separator are arranged spatially separate and the gas still loaded with a remainder of the auxiliary liquid is fed to the fine separator via a gas cooler arranged separately from the liquid cooler, the two coolers being dimensioned such that the Gas is cooled to a lower temperature than the outlet temperature of the auxiliary liquid measured at the outlet of the liquid cooler. The spatially separated arrangement of the two separators achieves a thermal decoupling of the fine separator from the pre-separator, which is strongly heated by the auxiliary liquid and the compressed gas. Only the auxiliary liquid flowing back to the vacuum pump is cooled via the liquid cooler, it being possible for the liquid cooler to be designed such that a favorable operating temperature of the auxiliary liquid is achieved. Since the auxiliary liquid is only cooled to a relatively high temperature, the liquid cooler can be dimensioned accordingly small. The gas cooler arranged between the pre-separator and the fine separator need only apply the smaller cooling capacity necessary for cooling the gas. It can be dimensioned such that a favorable low temperature necessary for separating the auxiliary liquid is reached.

Ein gesonderter Ventilator für den Flüssigkeitskühler und den Gaskühler läßt sich dadurch vermeiden, daß diese Kühler im Kühlluftstrom des Elektromotors angeordnet sind. Dabei ergibt sich eine keinen zusätzlichen Raum beanspruchende Ausführungsform des Flüssigkeitskühlers dadurch, daß dieser als Rohrwendel ausgebildet ist, die konzentrisch um den Elektromotor oder zwischen diesem und der Vakuumpumpe angeordnet ist. Zusätzlicher Raum wird ebenfalls nicht beansprucht, wenn als Gaskühler an dem Elektromotor eine dessen Lüfter umschließende, doppelwandig ausgebildete Lüfterhaube vorgesehen ist, durch deren Hohlraum das Gas hindurchgeführt ist. Die beschriebene Ausbildung der beiden Kühler bringt somit den Vorteil, daß diese zwangsläufig im Kühlluftstrom des Lüfters des Elektromotors liegen, wobei der Gaskühler von der noch nicht erwärmten Frischluft beaufschlagt wird. Diese bestreicht die Lüfterhaube an ihrer Innenseite mit einer hohen Geschwindigkeit - annähernd der Umfangsgeschwindigkeit des Lüfterrades - und bewirkt somit eine intensive Kühlung. Trotz der Erwärmung der Kühlluft in dem Gaskühler und an der Oberfläche des Elektromotors vermag diese noch dem Flüssigkeitskühler genügend Wärme zu entziehen, da die Hilfsflüssigkeit nur auf eine gegenüber der Austrittstemperatur der Gases aus dem Gaskühler wesentlich höhere Temperatur abgekühlt werden muß. Die Zu- und Ableitung des Gases zu der als Gaskühler dienende Kühlerhaube erfolgt zweckmäßigerweise dadurch, daß auf der einen Seite des Umfanges der Lüfterhaube eine mit dem Vorabscheider verbundene und auf der gegenüberliegenden Seite der Lüfterhaube eine mit dem Feinabscheider verbundene Gasleitung angeschlossen ist.A separate fan for the liquid cooler and the gas cooler can be avoided by arranging these coolers in the cooling air flow of the electric motor. In this case, an embodiment of the liquid cooler which does not take up any additional space results from the fact that it is designed as a coiled tube which is arranged concentrically around the electric motor or between it and the vacuum pump. Additional space is also not claimed if a double-walled fan hood is provided as a gas cooler on the electric motor, surrounding the fan, through the cavity of which the gas is passed. The described design of the two coolers therefore has the advantage that they are inevitably in the cooling air flow of the fan of the electric motor, the gas cooler being acted upon by the fresh air which has not yet been heated. This sweeps the inside of the fan cover at a high speed - almost the circumferential speed of the fan wheel - and thus causes intensive cooling. Despite the heating of the cooling air in the gas cooler and on the surface of the electric motor, it is still able to extract enough heat from the liquid cooler, since the auxiliary liquid only has to be cooled to a temperature which is significantly higher than the gas outlet temperature from the gas cooler. The supply and discharge of the gas to the cooler hood serving as a gas cooler is expediently carried out by connecting a gas line connected to the pre-separator on one side of the circumference of the fan cover and a gas line connected to the fine separator on the opposite side of the fan cover.

Eine kompakte Bauform der Vorrichtung ergibt sich dadurch, daß sowohl der Vor- als auch der Feinabscheider jeweils in ein rohrförmiges Gehäuseteil eingebaut ist und die beiden Gehäuseteile mit ihren Längsachsen parallel zur Längsachse des Elektromotors angeordnet sind. Hierbei ist es besonders vorteilhaft, daß sowohl der Eintrittsals auch der Austrittsstutzen der Vakuumpumpe nach oben gerichtet ist und die beiden Abscheider jeweils für sich an einem der beiden Stutzen über dem Elektromotor liegend befestigt sind. Eine solche über dem Motor liegende Anordnung der Abscheider ist besonders für den seitlichen Anschluß der Gasleitungen an der Lüfterhaube günstig. Die seitlich aus der Lüfterhaube herausgeführten Gasleitungen werden seitlich in den Vor- bzw. Feinabscheider geführt, sodaß sich eine sehr kurze und einfache Rohrführung für die Gasleitungen ergibt. Bei einem solchen konstruktiven Aufbau der Vorrichtung werden sowfiol die Abscheider als auch die Gasleitungen zumindest teilweise vom Kühlluftstrom des Motorlüfters bestrichen.A compact design of the device results from the fact that both the pre-separator and the fine separator are each installed in a tubular housing part and the two housing parts are arranged with their longitudinal axes parallel to the longitudinal axis of the electric motor. It is particularly advantageous here that both the inlet and outlet connections of the vacuum pump are directed upwards and the two separators are each attached to one of the two connections lying above the electric motor. Such an arrangement of the separators above the engine is particularly favorable for the lateral connection of the gas lines to the fan cover. The gas lines led out from the side of the fan hood are led laterally into the pre-separator or fine separator, so that there is a very short and simple pipe guide for the gas lines. With such a construction of the device, both the separators and the gas lines are at least partially covered by the cooling air flow from the engine fan.

Die Befestigung der beiden Abscheider an dem Ein- und Austrittsstutzen der Vakuumpumpe wird zweckmäßigerweise so vorgenommen, daß der Vorabscheider mit seiner Einlaßöffnung an einem zum Motor weisenden, die Austrittsöffnung der Vakuumpumpe bildenden Rohransatz des Austrittsstutzens und der Feinabscheider an einem seitlichen Rohransatz des Eintrittstutzens befestigt ist. Damit dienen beim Vorabscheider die Zuführelemente gleichzeitig zur Befestigung desselben.The attachment of the two separators to the inlet and outlet ports of the vacuum pump is expediently carried out in such a way that the pre-separator is attached with its inlet opening to a pipe extension of the outlet connection facing the engine and forming the outlet opening of the vacuum pump, and the fine separator to a lateral pipe extension of the inlet connection. In this way, the feed elements of the pre-separator also serve to secure the same.

Aus Konstruktions- und Wartungsgründen ist es vorteilhaft, daß der Vorabscheider und der Feinabscheider jeweils aus einem die Anschlußstellen für die anzuschließenden Leitungen enthaltenden Kopfteil und einem an dieses Kopfteil anschließbaren, die Elemente des jeweiligen Abscheiders aufnehmenden Behälterteil besteht. Eine leicht lösbare Verbindung der Behälterteile mit den Kopfteilen ist dadurch möglich, daß die Behälterteile zylindrische Büchsen sind, die an ihrer offenen Seite einen radial nach außen vorstehenden Wulstrand aufweisen, mit dem sie mittels eines diesen Wulstrand und einen entsprechenden am Kopfteil angeformten Wulstrand übergreifenden Spannverschlusses am Kopfteil befestigt sind.For construction and maintenance reasons, it is advantageous that the pre-separator and the fine separator each consist of a head part containing the connection points for the lines to be connected and a head part that can be connected to this head part and contains the elements of the respective separator. An easily detachable connection of the container parts to the head parts is possible in that the container parts are cylindrical bushings that have a radially outwardly projecting bead on their open side, with which they can be fastened on by means of a clamping lock that overlaps this bead and a corresponding bead formed on the head part Headboard are attached.

Ein einfacher Aufbau des Vorabscheiders ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in diesem parallel zu der oberen Begrenzungswand des Behälterteiles eine mit dem Kopfteil verbundene Gasführungsleitung verläuft, die in der Nähe des Bodens des Behälterteiles endet und daß der untere Bereich des Behälterteiles den Vorratsraum bildet, der über eine Öffnung mit einer an dem Flüssigkeitskühler angeschlossenen Abflußöffnung des Kopfteiles verbunden ist.A simple design of the pre-separator is characterized in that a gas guide line connected to the head part runs parallel to the upper boundary wall of the container part, which ends near the bottom of the container part and that the lower region of the container part forms the storage space which has a Opening is connected to a drain opening of the head part connected to the liquid cooler.

Der Büchsenform des Behälterteiles angepaßt ist im Feinabscheider ein hohlwalzenförmiges Filter angeordnet, das mit seinem Hohlraum an die Gaszuführöffnung des Kopfteiles angeschlossen ist. Damit sind keine weiteren Leitungselemente für das Gas zwischen der Zuführöffnung des Kopfteiles und dem Filter notwendig.Adapted to the sleeve shape of the container part, a hollow roller-shaped filter is arranged in the fine separator and its cavity is connected to the gas supply opening of the head part. This means that no further line elements for the gas between the feed opening of the head part and the filter are necessary.

Eine Rückführung der im Feinabscheider anfallenden Hilfsflüssigkeit in den Pumpenkreislauf ist ohne gesonderte Rückführleitungen dadurch möglich, daß im Kopfteil des Feinabscheiders eine unter dem Niveau der Oberfläche der sich im Feinabscheider ansammelnden Hilfsflüssigkeit liegende, in den seitlichen Rohransatz des Ansaugstutzens der Vakuumpumpe mündende Bohrung vorgesehen ist. Wird dagegen eine Rückführleitung vorgesehen, so ist es zweckmäßig, daß diese in den Eintrittstutzen der Vakuumpumpe oder in den Sektor zwischen der Ein- und Austrittsöffnung des Arbeitsraumes der Vakuumpumpe mündet. Durch den im Behälterteil des Feinabscheiders gegenüber der Mündung in die Vakuumpumpe herrschenden höheren Druck wird die Hilfsflüssigkeit in beiden Fällen zur Vakuumpumpe gefördert. Bei Verwendung einer gesonderten Rückführleitung besteht die Möglichkeit, einen Kondensatabscheider in dieser anzuordnen. In diesem Abscheider werden eventuell in der Hilfsflüssigkeit enthaltende Kondensate von dieser getrennt. Mittels der Rückführleitung kann die Hilfsflüssigkeit an einer solchen Stelle in den Arbeitsraum der Pumpe eingeführt werden, wo der Ansaugvorgang bereits abgeschlossen ist. Der Ansaugvolumenstrom wird dann durch rückverdampfendes Kondensat nur wenig beeinflußt. In einem solchen Falle erübrigt sich dann bei nur gelegentlichem und begrenztem Kondensatanfall ein eigener Kondensatabscheider.A return of the auxiliary liquid accumulating in the fine separator to the pump circuit is possible without separate return lines by providing a bore in the head part of the fine separator which is below the level of the surface of the auxiliary liquid collecting in the fine separator and opens into the lateral tube attachment of the suction nozzle of the vacuum pump. If, on the other hand, a return line is provided, it is expedient that this leads into the inlet connection of the vacuum pump or into the sector between the inlet and outlet opening of the working space of the vacuum pump. Due to the higher pressure prevailing in the container part of the fine separator in relation to the mouth into the vacuum pump, the auxiliary liquid is conveyed to the vacuum pump in both cases. If a separate return line is used, it is possible to arrange a condensate separator in it. In this separator, any condensates contained in the auxiliary liquid are separated from the latter. By means of the return line, the auxiliary liquid can be introduced into the working space of the pump at such a point where the suction process has already been completed. The intake volume flow is then only slightly influenced by the evaporating condensate. In such a case, a separate condensate separator is not necessary if the accumulation of condensate is only occasional and limited.

Ein Rückführen der in der Lüfterhaube anfallenden Hilfsflüssigkeit ohne gesonderte Fördereinrichtung ist dadurch möglich, daß an der tiefsten Stelle der Lüfterhaube eine Abführleitung geringen Querschnittes angeschlossen und über dem Niveau der sich im Feinabscheider ansammelnden Hilfsflüssigkeit in den Feinabscheider geführt ist. Beim Durchströmen des in dem Feinabscheider angeordneten Filters entsteht ein Druckgefälle zwischen dessen Innenraum und dem das hohlwalzenförmige Filter umgebenden Behälterraum. Dieses Druckgefälle ist an der von der Lüfterhaube in den Feinabscheider führenden Abführleitung wirksam und sorgt für eine Förderung der Hilfsflüssigkeit von der Lüfterhaube in den Feinabscheider.A return of the auxiliary liquid accumulating in the fan cover without a separate conveying device is possible in that a discharge line of small cross-section is connected at the lowest point of the fan cover and is guided into the fine separator above the level of the auxiliary liquid accumulating in the fine separator. When flowing through the filter arranged in the fine separator, a pressure drop arises between the interior thereof and the container space surrounding the hollow roller-shaped filter. This pressure drop is effective on the discharge line leading from the fan cover to the fine separator and ensures that the auxiliary liquid is conveyed from the fan cover into the fine separator.

Anhand eines in der Zeichnung dargestellten Ausführungsbeispieles wird die Erfindung nachfolgend näher beschrieben. Es zeigt :

  • Fig. 1 eine Vorrichtung zur Erzeugung eines Vakuums in Seitenansicht
  • Fig. 2 die Vorrichtung nach Fig. 1 in Stirnansicht
  • Fig. 3 eine als Gaskühler ausgebildete Lüfterhaube des die Vakuumpumpe antreibenden Elektromotors im Längsschnitt
  • Fig. 4 die Lüfterhaube nach Fig. 3 im Schnitt entlang der Linie IV-IV
  • Fig. 5 einen Vorabscheider im Schnitt
  • Fig. 6 eine Frontansicht des Kopfteiles des Vorabscheiders
  • Fig. 7 einen Feinabscheider im Schnitt
  • Fig. 8 eine Frontansicht des Kopfteiles des Feinabscheiders.
Using one shown in the drawing Exemplary embodiment, the invention is described in more detail below. It shows :
  • Fig. 1 shows a device for generating a vacuum in side view
  • Fig. 2 shows the device of FIG. 1 in front view
  • Fig. 3 is a gas cooler designed as a fan hood of the electric pump driving the electric motor in longitudinal section
  • Fig. 4, the fan cover of FIG. 3 in section along the line IV-IV
  • Fig. 5 shows a pre-separator in section
  • Fig. 6 is a front view of the head part of the pre-separator
  • Fig. 7 shows a fine separator in section
  • Fig. 8 is a front view of the head part of the fine separator.

Mit 1 ist ein Elektromotor bezeichnet, an dessen Antriebsseite als Vakuumpumpe eine Flüssigkeitsringpumpe 2 montiert ist. Am Gehäusedeckel 3 der Flüssigkeitsringpumpe 2 ist jeweils ein nach oben gerichteter Eintrittstutzen 4 und ein Austrittstutzen 5 angeformt. Mit dem Austrittstutzen 5 ist ein Rohransatz 6 verbunden, an den ein Vorabscheider 7 angeschlossen ist. Der Vorabscheider 7 weist ein zum Anschluß von verschiedenen Rohrleitungen dienenden Kopfteil 8 und einen die Abscheiderelemente aufnehmenden Behälterteil 9 auf. Mittels eines Spannverschlusses 10 sind Kopf- und Behälterteil 8 und 9 lösbar miteinander verbunden.1 denotes an electric motor, on the drive side of which a liquid ring pump 2 is mounted as a vacuum pump. On the housing cover 3 of the liquid ring pump 2, an upward inlet connection 4 and an outlet connection 5 are each formed. A pipe extension 6 is connected to the outlet nozzle 5, to which a pre-separator 7 is connected. The pre-separator 7 has a head part 8 serving to connect various pipelines and a container part 9 receiving the separator elements. The head and container parts 8 and 9 are detachably connected to one another by means of a tension lock 10.

Von dem Kopfteil 8 des Vorabscheiders 7 führt eine Gasleitung 11 zu einer den Lüfter 12 des Elektromotors 1 umschließenden Lüfterhaube 13, welche einen Gaskühler bildet. Hierzu ist, wie die Fig. 3 und 4 zeigen, die Lüfterhaube 13 doppelwandig ausgebildet, sodaß das über die seitlich an die Lüfterhaube 13 angeschlossene Gasleitung 11 zugeführte Gas durch den zwischen den Wänden 14 und 15 der Lüfterhaube 13 bestehenden Hohlraum 16 hindurchströmen kann. Über eine weitere, seitlich am Umfang der Lüfterhaube 13 angeschlossene Gasleitung 17 wird das Gas in den Kopfteil 18 eines Feinabscheiders 19 eingeführt. Mit dem Kopftell 18 des Feinabscheiders 19 ist, in gleicher Weise wie beim Vorabscheider 7, mittels eines Spannverschlusses 10 ein Behälterteil 20 verbunden. Im Kopfteil 18 des Feinabscheiders 19 ist eine Austrittsöffnung 21 für das Gas vorhanden. Der Kopfteil 18 selbst ist auf einen Rohransatz 22 des Eintrittstutzens 4 aufgeschraubt und wird von diesem getragen.A gas line 11 leads from the head part 8 of the pre-separator 7 to a fan hood 13 which encloses the fan 12 of the electric motor 1 and which forms a gas cooler. For this purpose, as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the fan cover 13 is double-walled, so that the gas supplied via the gas line 11 connected laterally to the fan cover 13 can flow through the cavity 16 existing between the walls 14 and 15 of the fan cover 13. The gas is introduced into the head part 18 of a fine separator 19 via a further gas line 17 connected laterally to the circumference of the fan cover 13. A container part 20 is connected to the top plate 18 of the fine separator 19, in the same way as for the pre-separator 7, by means of a tension lock 10. An outlet opening 21 for the gas is present in the head part 18 of the fine separator 19. The head part 18 itself is screwed onto a tubular extension 22 of the inlet connector 4 and is carried by the latter.

Ein als Rohrwendel ausgebildeter Flüssigkeitskühler 23 ist zwischen dem Elektromotor 1 und dem Gehäuse der Flüssigkeitsringpumpe 2 konzentrisch zum Gehäuse des Elektromotors 1 angeordnet. Je nach Größe des Flüssigkeitskühlers 23 kann dieser sich mehr oder weniger über die Länge des Motorgehäuses erstrecken. Mit seinem einen Ende 24 ist der Flüssigkeitskühler 23 an den Kopfteil 8 des Vorabscheiders 7 angeschlossen. Das andere Ende 25 des Flüssigkeitskühlers 23 mündet entweder in den Eintrittstutzen 4 oder in den Sektor zwischen der Ein- und Austrittsöffnung des Arbeitsraumes der Flüssigkeitsringpumpe 2.A liquid cooler 23 designed as a tube coil is arranged between the electric motor 1 and the housing of the liquid ring pump 2 concentrically with the housing of the electric motor 1. Depending on the size of the liquid cooler 23, it can extend more or less over the length of the motor housing. The liquid cooler 23 is connected at its one end 24 to the head part 8 of the pre-separator 7. The other end 25 of the liquid cooler 23 either opens into the inlet connection 4 or into the sector between the inlet and outlet opening of the working space of the liquid ring pump 2.

An der tiefsten Stelle der Lüfterhaube ist eine Abführleitung 26 angeschlossen, die von der Stirnseite des Kopfteiles 18 des Feinabscheiders 19 her über dem Niveau der Oberfläche der sich im Feinabscheider 19 ansammelnden Hilfsflüssigkeit 33 in den Feinabscheider 19 hineingeführt ist. Vom Kopfteil 18 führt ferner eine an eine Abflußbohrung 43 des Kopfteiles 18 angeschlossene Rückführleitung 27 zum Eintrittstutzen 4 der Flüssigkeitsringpumpe 2.At the deepest point of the fan hood, a discharge line 26 is connected, which is led into the fine separator 19 from the end face of the head part 18 of the fine separator 19 above the level of the surface of the auxiliary liquid 33 accumulating in the fine separator 19. A return line 27 connected to a drain hole 43 of the head part 18 also leads from the head part 18 to the inlet connection 4 of the liquid ring pump 2.

Der in Fig. 5 in leicht schematisierter Darstellung gezeigte Vorabscheider 7 ist mit einer in seinem Kopfteil 8 vorgesehenen Einlaßöffnung 28 auf den Rohransatz 6 des Austrittstutzen 5 der Flüssigkeitsringpumpe 2 geschraubt. Auf der Innenseite des Kopfteiles 8 ist eine Gasführungsleitung 29 an die Eintrittsbohrung 28 angeschlossen. Die Gasführungsleitung 29 verläuft parallel zur Begrenzungswand des Behälterteiles 9 und endet kurz vor dem Boden 30 des Behälterteiles 9. An der Gasführungsleitung 29 ist ein nach unten weisender Schirm 31 und am Boden des Behälterteiles 9 ein sich senkrecht vom Boden 30 weg erstreckendes Umlenkblech 32 angeordnet. Das aus der Gasführungsleitung 29 austretende, mit Hilfsflüssigkeit 33 beladene Gas wird durch den Schirm 31 und das Umlenkblech 32 zweimal um jeweils 90° umgelenkt. Hierbei wird der größte Teil der Hilfsflüssigkeit 33 ausgeschieden und sammelt sich im unteren Bereich des Behälterteiles 9. Mittels eines quer im Behälterteil 9 angeordneten Abscheidefilters 34 wird ein weiterer Teil der Hilfsflüssigkeit 33 aus dem Gas ausgeschieden. Hinter dem Abscheidefilter 34 strömt das Gas zu einer Austrittsbohrung 35, wobei es nochmals durch eine Querwand 36 umgelenkt wird. Bei diesem nochmaligem Umlenken kann sich ein weiterer Teil der Hilfsflüssigkeit 33 an der Querwand 36 niederschlagen und von hier nach unten abfließen. An die Austrittsbohrung 35 ist die zur Lüfterhaube 13 führende Gasleitung 11 angeschlossen. Unterhalb des Niveaus der Oberfläche der sich im Behälterteil 9 ansammelnden Hilfsflüssigkeit 33 ist eine Abflußöffnung 37 vorgesehen, an welcher der Flüssigkeitskühler 23 mit seinem einen Ende 24 angeschlossen ist.The pre-separator 7 shown in a slightly schematic representation in FIG. 5 is screwed with an inlet opening 28 provided in its head part 8 onto the pipe extension 6 of the outlet connection 5 of the liquid ring pump 2. On the inside of the head part 8, a gas guide line 29 is connected to the inlet bore 28. The gas guide line 29 runs parallel to the boundary wall of the container part 9 and ends shortly before the bottom 30 of the container part 9. A shield 31 pointing downward is arranged on the gas guide line 29 and a deflection plate 32 extending perpendicularly from the bottom 30 is arranged on the bottom of the container part 9. The gas emerging from the gas guide line 29 and loaded with auxiliary liquid 33 is deflected twice by the screen 31 and the deflection plate 32 by 90 ° each. The majority of the auxiliary liquid 33 is separated out and collects in the lower region of the container part 9. A further part of the auxiliary liquid 33 is separated from the gas by means of a separating filter 34 arranged transversely in the container part 9. The gas flows behind the separating filter 34 to an outlet bore 35, whereby it is redirected again by a transverse wall 36. During this redirection, a further part of the auxiliary liquid 33 can precipitate on the transverse wall 36 and flow down from here. The gas line 11 leading to the fan cover 13 is connected to the outlet bore 35. Below the level of the surface of the auxiliary liquid 33 accumulating in the container part 9, a drain opening 37 is provided, to which the liquid cooler 23 is connected at its one end 24.

Der in Fig. 7 schematisiert dargestellte Feinabscheider 19 weist außer der Austrittsöffnung 21 auch eine Gaszuführöffnung 38 auf, an die mittels eines Rohres 39 ein hohlwalzenförmiges Filter 40 angeschlossen ist. Wie durch Pfeile 41 angedeutet, tritt das noch mit einem Rest an Hilfsflüssigkeit 33 beladene Gas über die Gaszuführöffnung 38 in den Hohlraum des Filters 40 ein und durchströmt dieses von innen nach außen. Da das Gas nach Verlassen des Vorabscheiders 7 in der Lüfterhaube 13 auf eine relativ niedere Temperatur abgekühlt worden ist, wird in dem Filter 40 ein hoher Abscheidungsgrad erreicht. Nach dem Durchströmen des Filters 40 verläßt das Gas über ein Nachfilter 42 den Feinabscheider 19 über die Austrittsöffnung 21. Unterhalb der Oberfläche der sich im unteren Bereich des Feinabscheiders 19 ansammelnden Hilfsflüssigkeit 33 ist eine Abflußbohrung 43vorgehesen,andiedieRückführleitung 27 angeschlossen ist. Anstelle der Abflußbohrung 43 kann auch eine in den seitlichen Rohransatz 22 führende Bohrung 44 vorgesehen werden, über die die Hilfsflüssigkeit 33 in den Rohransatz 22 und von hier in den Eintrittstutzen 4 der Flüssigkeitsringpumpe fließt. Die Rückführleitung 27 muß vorgesehen werden, wenn vor der Rückführung der Hilfsflüssigkeit 33 in die Flüssigkeitsringpumpe 2 ein in der Hilfsflüssigkeit 33 vorhandenes Kondensat mittels eines Kondensatabscheiders abgesondert oder wenn die Hilfsflüssigkeit 33 an einer bestimmten, zwischen der Ein-und Austrittsöffnung des Arbeitsraumes der Vakuumpumpe liegenden Stelle wieder in die Pumpe eingebracht werden soll.In addition to the outlet opening 21, the fine separator 19 shown schematically in FIG. 7 also has a gas supply opening 38 to which a hollow roller-shaped filter 40 is connected by means of a tube 39. As indicated by arrows 41, the gas still loaded with a residual auxiliary liquid 33 enters the cavity of the filter 40 via the gas supply opening 38 and flows through it from the inside to the outside. Since the gas in the fan cover 13 has been cooled to a relatively low temperature after leaving the pre-separator 7, a high degree of separation is achieved in the filter 40. After flowing through the filter 40, the gas leaves the fine separator 19 via a post-filter 42 via the outlet opening 21. Below the surface of the auxiliary liquid 33 that collects in the lower area of the fine separator 19 is a drain bore 43, and the return line 27 is connected. Instead of the drain hole 43, a hole 44 leading into the lateral pipe socket 22 can also be provided, via which the auxiliary liquid 33 flows into the pipe socket 22 and from here into the inlet connection 4 of the liquid ring pump. The return line 27 must be provided if, prior to the return of the auxiliary liquid 33 into the liquid ring pump 2, a condensate present in the auxiliary liquid 33 is separated by means of a condensate separator or if the auxiliary liquid 33 is located at a certain point between the inlet and outlet openings of the working space of the vacuum pump to be reintroduced into the pump.

Die in den Fig. 6 und 8 gezeigten Stirnansichten der Kopfteile 8 und 18 lassen erkennen, daß diese Kopfteile die gleiche Form und Größe haben. Durch entsprechende Fertigbohrungen werden dann die Kopfteile entweder für den Einsatz am Vorabscheider oder Feinabscheider vorbereitet. So muß an dem Kopfteil 8 für den Vorabscheider 7 lediglich noch die Eintrittsbohrung 28 und die Abflußöffnung 37 und an dem Kopfteil 18 für den Feinabscheider 19 die Austrittsöffnung 21 und die Abflußbohrung 43 bzw. die Bohrung 44 hergestellt werden.The end views of the head parts 8 and 18 shown in FIGS. 6 and 8 show that these head parts have the same shape and size. Appropriate finish bores then prepare the head sections either for use on the pre-separator or fine separator. Thus, only the inlet bore 28 and the drain opening 37 must be made on the head part 8 for the pre-separator 7 and the outlet opening 21 and the drain bore 43 and the bore 44 on the head part 18 for the fine separator 19.

Die Vorrichtung arbeitet wie folgt : Über den Eintrittstutzen 4 wird aus einem Raum, in dem ein Vakuum erzeugt werden soll, Luft angesaugt. In der Flüssigkeitsringpumpe wird die Luft verdichtet und zusammen mit einem Teil der in der Flüssigkeitsringspumpe'2 vorhandenen Hilfsflüssigkeit 33 über den Austrittstutzen 5 und den mit diesem verbundenen Rohransatz 6 in den Vorabscheider 7 ausgestoßen. In dem Vorabscheider 7 wird der größte Teil der Hilfsflüssigkeit 33 bereits aus dem Luft-Flüssigkeitsgemisch ausgeschieden. Die sich im Vorabscheider 7 ansammelnde Hilfsflüssigkeit 33 wird durch-den in dem Vorabscheider 7 herrschenden Druck in den Flüssigkeitskühler 23 gefördert und in diesem um eine bestimmte Temperaturdifferenz abgekühlt. Von dem Flüssigkeitskühler 23 strömt die Hilfsflüssigkeit 33 wieder in den Eintrittstutzen 4 bzw. in den Sektor zwischen der Ein- und Austrittsöffnung des Arbeitsraumes der Pumpe und steht damit für den weiteren Betrieb der Flüssigkeitsringpumpe 2 wieder zur Verfügung. Der Flüssigkeitskühler 23 ist so dimensioniert, daß die Hilfsflüssigkeit 33 nur um eine relativ kleine Temperaturdifferenz abgekühlt wird und mit einer für den Betrieb der Flüssigkeitsringpumpe 2 günstigen Temperatur den Flüssigkeitskühler 23 verläßt.The device works as follows: Air is drawn in from a space in which a vacuum is to be created, via the inlet connection 4. The air is compressed in the liquid ring pump and, together with part of the auxiliary liquid 33 present in the liquid ring pump 2, is expelled into the pre-separator 7 via the outlet connection 5 and the pipe extension 6 connected to it. Most of the auxiliary liquid 33 is already separated out of the air-liquid mixture in the pre-separator 7. The auxiliary liquid 33 accumulating in the pre-separator 7 is conveyed into the liquid cooler 23 by the pressure prevailing in the pre-separator 7 and is cooled there by a certain temperature difference. The auxiliary liquid 33 flows from the liquid cooler 23 back into the inlet connection 4 or into the sector between the inlet and outlet opening of the working space of the pump and is thus available again for the further operation of the liquid ring pump 2. The liquid cooler 23 is dimensioned such that the auxiliary liquid 33 is cooled only by a relatively small temperature difference and leaves the liquid cooler 23 at a temperature which is favorable for the operation of the liquid ring pump 2.

Die in dem Vorabscheider 7 anfallende, noch mit einem Rest der Hilfsflüssigkeit 33 beladene Luft verläßt den Vorabscheider 7 über die Austrittsbohrung 35 und strömt über die Gasleitung 11 in die Lüfterhaube 13, durchströmt diese und gelangt über die Gasleitung 17 und die Gaszuführöffnung 38 in den Hohlraum des Filters 40 im Feinabscheider 19. Beim Durchströmen der Lüfterhaube 13 wird die Luft auf eine Temperatur heruntergekühlt, die wesentlich, d. h., um mehr als 10 °C, unter der Austrittstemperatur der Hilfsflüssigkeit 33 beim Austritt aus dem Flüssigkeitskühler 25 liegt. Infolge der niedrigen Temperatur der Luft setzt eine Kondensation der noch in ihr vorhandenen Hilfsflüssigkeitsdämpfe ein, durch die die Abscheidung der Hilfsflüssigkeit 33 im Filter 40 begünstigt wird.The air accumulating in the pre-separator 7, still loaded with a remainder of the auxiliary liquid 33, leaves the pre-separator 7 via the outlet bore 35 and flows through the gas line 11 into the fan hood 13, flows through it and reaches the cavity via the gas line 17 and the gas feed opening 38 of the filter 40 in the fine separator 19. When flowing through the fan cover 13, the air is cooled down to a temperature which is substantially, ie. that is, by more than 10 ° C., below the outlet temperature of the auxiliary liquid 33 when it emerges from the liquid cooler 25. As a result of the low temperature of the air, condensation of the auxiliary liquid vapors still present in it sets in, by means of which the separation of the auxiliary liquid 33 in the filter 40 is promoted.

Nach dem Durchströmen des Filters 40 verläßt die Luft durch die Austrittsöffnung 21 den Feinabscheider 19. Die sich im Feinabscheider 19 ansammelnde Hilfsflüssigkeit 33 wird über die Abflußbohrung 43 und die daran angeschlossene Rückführleitung 27 oder die Bohrung 44 wieder in den Kreislauf der Vorrichtung zurückgeführt.After flowing through the filter 40, the air leaves the fine separator 19 through the outlet opening 21. The auxiliary liquid 33 that accumulates in the fine separator 19 is returned to the circuit of the device via the drain hole 43 and the return line 27 or the hole 44 connected to it.

Durch das Abkühlen des Gases in der Lüfterhaube 13 kann auch hier ein Teil der Hilfsflüssigkeit 33 bereits kondensieren und sammelt sich an der tiefsten Stelle der Lüfterhaube 13. Von hier aus wird die Hilfsflüssigkeit 33 über die Abführleitung 26 in den Feinabscheider 19 gefördert. Da die Abführleitung 26 hinter dem Filter 40 in den Feinabscheider mündet, besteht zwischen deren Anschluß an der Lüfterhaube 13 und der Mündung in dem Feinabscheider 19 ein Druckunterschied, der ausreicht, die Hilfsflüssigkeit 33 von der Lüfterhaube 13 in den Feinabscheider zu fördern. Infolge dieser Anordnung der Abführleitung 26 erübrigt sich eine gesonderte Fördervorrichtung für das Abführen der Hilfsflüssigkeit 33 aus der Lüfterhaube 13.By cooling the gas in the fan cover 13, part of the auxiliary liquid 33 can already condense here and collects at the lowest point of the fan cover 13. From here, the auxiliary liquid 33 is conveyed into the fine separator 19 via the discharge line 26. Since the discharge line 26 opens into the fine separator behind the filter 40, there is a pressure difference between their connection to the fan cover 13 and the opening in the fine separator 19, which pressure difference is sufficient to convey the auxiliary liquid 33 from the fan cover 13 into the fine separator. As a result of this arrangement of the discharge line 26, there is no need for a separate conveying device for the removal of the auxiliary liquid 33 from the fan cover 13.

Für den Betrieb des Flüssigkeitskühlers 23 auf einem gegenüber dem Temperaturniveau des Gaakühters 13 wesentlich höheren Temperaturniveau ist der Einsatz einer Flüssigkeitsringpumpe 2 als Vakuumpumpe besonders vorteilhaft. Bei einer solchen Pumpe wird eine relativ große Menge an Hilfsflüssigkeit 33 zusammen mit dem verdichteten Gas ausgestossen. Somit steht für den Abtransport der in der Pumpe anfallenden Verlustwärme eine große Flüssigkeitsmasse zur Verfügung. Es genügt daher eine relativ kleine Temperaturdifferenz bei der Abkühlung der Hilfsflüssigkeit im Flüssigkeitskühler um die angefallene Verlustwärme nach außen abzuführen. Da das im Vorabscheider bereits vom größten Teil der Hilfsflüssigkeit 33 getrennte Gas wegen seiner gegenüber der Hilfsflüssigkeit 33 geringeren Masse nur einen entsprechend kleinen Teil der Verlustwärme abführen kann, wird zum Abkühlen dieses Gases nur ein relativ kleiner Gaskühler 13 benötigt. Dieser Gaskühler 13 ist so dimensioniert, daß das Gas um eine wesentlich größere Temperaturdifferenz als die Hilfsflüssigkeit 33 im Flüssigkeitskühler 23 abgekühlt wird.The use of a liquid ring pump 2 as a vacuum pump is particularly advantageous for the operation of the liquid cooler 23 at a temperature level which is substantially higher than the temperature level of the Gaa cooler 13. In such a pump, a relatively large amount of auxiliary liquid 33 is expelled together with the compressed gas. This means that a large mass of liquid is available for the removal of the heat lost in the pump. It is therefore sufficient to have a relatively small temperature difference in the cooling of the auxiliary liquid in the liquid cooler in order to dissipate the heat loss to the outside. Since the gas already separated from the major part of the auxiliary liquid 33 in the pre-separator can only dissipate a correspondingly small part of the heat loss due to its lower mass than the auxiliary liquid 33, only a relatively small gas cooler 13 is required to cool this gas. This gas cooler 13 is dimensioned such that the gas is cooled in the liquid cooler 23 by a substantially greater temperature difference than the auxiliary liquid 33.

Durch die getrennte Kühlung der Hilfsflüssigkeit 33 und des Gases können die jeweiligen Kühler gezielt für die jeweils notwendige Kühlleistung ausgelegt werden. Dies führt insgesamt zu einem geringeren Aufwand für die Kühlung.Due to the separate cooling of the auxiliary liquid 33 and the gas, the respective coolers can be designed specifically for the cooling capacity required in each case. Overall, this leads to less cooling effort.

Claims (17)

1. An apparatus for the production of a vacuum comprising as a vacuum pump a fluid ring pump driven by an electric motor, in which apparatus the vacuum pump is followed by a preliminary separator, provided with a supply chamber, for separating the delivered gas from the auxiliary fluid carried with it, the auxiliary fluid being returned from the supply chamber through a fluid cooler to the fluid ring pump and the gas still loaded with a residue of the auxiliary fluid is fed to a fine separator, arranged after the preliminary separator, which is provided with a return line for the auxiliary fluid separated in it, characterised in that the preliminary separator (7) and the fine separator (19) are spaced apart and the gas still loaded with a residue of the auxiliary fluid (33) is fed via a gas cooler (13) arranged separately opposite the fluid cooler (23) to the fine separator (19), the two coolers (23 and 13) being dimensioned so that the gas is cooled to a lower temperature than the outlet temperature of the auxiliary fluid (33) measured at the outlet of the fluid cooler.
2. An apparatus according to claim 1, characterised in that the fluid (23) and/or gas cooler (13) are arranged in the cooling air flow of the electric motor (1).
3. An apparatus according to claim 2, characterised in that the fluid cooler (23) is formed as a helical pipe which is arranged concentrically around the electric motor (1) or between the latter and the vacuum pump.
4. An apparatus according to any one of claims 1, 2 and 3, characterised in that provided as a gas cooler on the electric motor (1) enclosing its fan is a double walled fan shell (13) having the gas conveyed through its interior (16).
5. An apparatus according to claim 4, characterised in that gas lines (11 and 17 respectively) are connected to opposite sides of the periphery of the fan shell (13), that on one side being connected to the preliminary separator (7) and that on the other side of the fan shell (13) being connected to the fine separator (19).
6. An apparatus according to any one or more of the preceding claims, characterised in that both the preliminary (7) and the fine separator (19) are built into a respective tubular housing part and the two housing parts are arranged with their longitudinal axes parallel to the longitudinal axis of the electric motor.
7. An apparatus according to claim 6, characterised in that both the inlet (4) and the outlet connections (5) of the vacuum pump are directed upwards and the two separators (7 and 19) are respectively fixed to one of the two connecting pipes (4 or 5) located above the electric motor (1).
8. An apparatus according to claim 7, characterised in that the inlet opening (28) of the preliminary separator (7) is attached to a pipe socket (6) of the outlet connection (5) directed towards the motor and forming the outlet opening of the vacuum pump and the fine separator (19) is attached to a lateral pipe socket (22) of the inlet connection (4).
9. An apparatus according to claim 8, characterised in that the preliminary separator (7) and the fine separator (19) each comprise a head part (8 or 18) including the connection points for the lines to be connected, and a container part (9 or 20), which can be connected to this head part (8 or 18), accommodating the elements of the respective separator.
10. An apparatus according to claim 9, characterised in that the head parts (8 and 18) and container parts (9 and 20 respectively) of the preliminary (7) and fine separator (19) have the same form and size.
11. An apparatus according to claim 9 or claim 10, characterized in that the container parts (9 and 20) are cylindrical boxes which, at their open ends, have a radially outwardly projecting beaded rim with which they are attached to the head part (8 or 18) by means of a compression coupling (10) overlapping this beaded rim and a corresponding beaded rim formed on the head part (8 or 18).
12. An apparatus according to any one of claims 9, 10 and 11, characterised in that running in the preliminary separator (7) parallel to the upper boundary wall of the container part (9) is a gas conveying line (29) connected to the head part (8) which ends near the floor (30) of the container part (9) and that the lower region of the container part (9) forms the supply chamber which is connected, by way of an opening, to a discharge opening (37) of the head part (8) attached to the fluid cooler (23).
13. An apparatus according to any one of claims 9, 10and 11, characterised in that arranged in the fine separator (19) is a hollow, cylindrical filter (40) the interior of which is connected to the gas supply opening (38) of the head part (18).
14. An apparatus according to claim 8 and 13, characterised in that a hole (44) is provided in the head part (18) of the fine separator (19), lying beneath the surface of the auxiliary fluid (33) collecting in the fine separator (19) and opening into the lateral pipe socket (22) of the suction connection (4) of the vacuum pump.
15. An apparatus according to claim 1 and claim 13, characterized in that the return line (27) connected to the fine separator (19) runs into the inlet connection (4) of the vacuum pump or into the working chamber of the vacuum pump in the sector between the inlet and outlet opening.
16. An apparatus according to claim 15, characterised in that arranged in the return line (27) is a condensate separator.
17. An apparatus according to claim 4 and claim 13, characterised in that at the lowest point of the fan shell (13) a discharge line (26) of small cross-section is connected and leads into the fine separator (19) above the surface of the auxiliary fluid (33) collecting in the fine separator (19).
EP85114893A 1984-12-07 1985-11-25 Apparatus for the production of a vacuum Expired EP0186776B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT85114893T ATE40583T1 (en) 1984-12-07 1985-11-25 DEVICE FOR CREATING A VACUUM.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3444731 1984-12-07
DE3444731 1984-12-07

Publications (2)

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EP0186776A1 EP0186776A1 (en) 1986-07-09
EP0186776B1 true EP0186776B1 (en) 1989-02-01

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US (1) US4657487A (en)
EP (1) EP0186776B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS61138897A (en)
CN (1) CN1005642B (en)
AT (1) ATE40583T1 (en)
DE (1) DE3568071D1 (en)
ES (1) ES8701917A1 (en)
IN (1) IN162159B (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0186776A1 (en) 1986-07-09
ES549668A0 (en) 1986-12-01
ATE40583T1 (en) 1989-02-15
CN85106797A (en) 1986-06-10
CN1005642B (en) 1989-11-01
US4657487A (en) 1987-04-14
IN162159B (en) 1988-04-09
ES8701917A1 (en) 1986-12-01
JPS61138897A (en) 1986-06-26
DE3568071D1 (en) 1989-03-09

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