Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
  • C10L1/222—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one carbon-to-nitrogen single bond
  • C10L1/224—Amides; Imides carboxylic acid amides, imides
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M133/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
  • C10M133/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
  • C10M133/16—Amides; Imides
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
  • C10M2215/04—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2215/26—Amines
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2217/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2217/04—Macromolecular compounds from nitrogen-containing monomers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • C10M2217/046—Polyamines, i.e. macromoleculars obtained by condensation of more than eleven amine monomers
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2217/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2217/06—Macromolecular compounds obtained by functionalisation op polymers with a nitrogen containing compound

Definitions

• the invention relates to dispersant additives and to fuel and lubricant compositions containing them.
• it relates to certain amides made from polyamines, monocarboxylic acid and polycarboxylic acid.
• oil compositions In the lubrication of modem engines, oil compositions must be able to prevent acids, sludge and other solid contaminants from remaining near the moving metal parts. Poor piston travel and excessive engine bearing corrosion may result unless the oil can prevent sludge and oxidation products from depositing in the engine. Bearing corrosion is another serious problem in gasoline engines which operate at an oil temperature of about 149°C (300°F) or higher.
• U.S. Patent 3,714,045 discloses lubricant compositions containing lubricants and a polyimide produced by reacting (1) a heteropolymer produced by reacting an olefin with maleic anhydride in the presence of a free-radical initiator with (2) a primary arylamine.
• U.S. 3,936, 4 80 discloses the reaction of a polyal- kylenesuccinic acid anhydride with diphenylolpropane of the formula I and tetraethylenepentamine, pyridine or triethyienetetramine. It should be noted, however, that in all cases wherein diphenolpropane is reacted, a catalyst is used. This is an absolute necessity when a phenolic OH is present, because there will be no reaction with the anhydride without it
• U.S. 3,868,330 discloses a lubricant or fuel composition containing an additive amount of at least one oil-soluble high molecular weight compound made by chlorinating
• This invention provides a reaction product prepared by reacting (1) at least one fatty monocarboxylic acid containing 10 to 20 carbon atoms, (2) at least one alkenyl- or alkylsuccinic acid or anhydride, where the alkenyl group is derived from a mixture of C" to C 26 , preferably C 18 to C,., olefins and (3) at least one polyamine of the formula RNH[R 1 NH] x --H wherein R is a hydrocarbyl group containing 1 to 5 carbon atoms, R 1 is a C, to C, alkylene group and x is 1 to 9.
• This invention also provides a process for making a dispersant for fuel and lubricating compositions comprising reacting (1) at least one fatty monocarboxylic acid containing 10 to 20 carbon atoms, (2) at least one alkenyl- or alkylsuccinic acid or acid anhydride where the alkenyl or alkyl group is derived from a mixture of C 12 to C 26 olefins and (3) at least one polyamine of the formula wherein R and R 1 have the definitions given above.
• the present invention further provides a lubricant or liquid fuel comprising a major proportion of a lubricant or liquid fuel and a dispersant amount of a product obtained by the process described hereinabove.
• the preferred method of preparing the reaction products of this invention involves reacting one of the two types of acids with the amine at from about 100°C to about 175°C, preferably about 150°C to about 175°C, then reacting this product with the other acid at the same temperature.
• the two types of acids will be used in such amounts that one type will supply from about 30% to about 90% by weight of the required amount and the other type will supply the complementary amount
• the quantity of polyamine will be chosen such that the acids react therewith to form amide or imide groups with at least 40% by weight of the available amino groups. Preferably from about 30% to about 60% of the amino groups are left unreacted, but an effective dispersant is obtained when 60% of the amino groups is reacted with the acid mixture.
• Another method that can be used to form the product involves reacting the amine with a mixture of the acids.
• the same temperature mentioned for the preferred method may be used for both acid-amine reactions.
• the final product is made by using the same relative proportions of acid mentioned above, and the percentage of reacted amino groups in a given product will be the same.
• the useful fatty monocarboxylic acids have the formula where R is a hydrocarbyl group containing 10 to 20 carbon atoms.
• R is a hydrocarbyl group containing 10 to 20 carbon atoms.
• saturated members covered by the formula are capric, lauric, myristic, palmitic, stearic and arachidic and tall oil fatty acids.
• the unsaturated members include oleic, linoleic, linolenic, eieostearic and ricinoleic acids.
• the preferred polycarboxylic acids and anhydrides contemplated have the formula II or III where R is an alkenyl or alkyl group derived from a mixture of C 18 to C,. monomers.
• Polyamines include triethylenetetramine, tetraethylenepentamine, pentaethylenehexamine, etc. to nonaethylenedecamine, and the methylene, propylene, butylene and amylene counterparts.
• the additive compositions of the present invention impart valuable properties, as hereinbefore indicated, to liquid hydrocarbon combustion fuels, including the distillate fuels, i.e., gasolines and fuel oils.
• the fuel oils that may be improved in accordance with the present invention are hydrocarbon fractions having an initial boiling point of at least about 38°C (100°F) and an end-boiling point no higher than about 399° (750°F), and boiling substantially continuously throughout their distillation range.
• Such fuel oils are generally known as distillate fuel oils. It is to be understood, however, that this term is not restricted to straight run distillate fractions.
• the distillate fuel oils can be straight run distillate fuel oils, catalytically or thermally cracked (including hydrocracked) distillate fuel oils, or mixtures of straight run distillate fuel oils, naphthas and the like, with cracked distillate stocks.
• fuel oils can be treated in accordance with well-known commercial methods, such as, acid or caustic treatment, hydrogenation, solvent refining, clay treatment etc.
• distillate fuel oils are characterized by their relatively low viscosities, pour points, and the like.
• the principal property which characterizes the contemplated hydrocarbons, however, is the distillation range. As mentioned hereinbefore, this range will lie between about 38°C (100°F) and about 399°C (750°F). Obviously, the distillation range of each individual fuel oil will cover a narrower boiling range falling, nevertheless, within the above-specified limits. Likewise, each fuel oil will boil substantially continuously throughout its distillation range.
• Contemplated among the fuel oils are Nos. 1, 2 and 3 fuel oils used for heating and as diesel fuel oils, and the jet combustion fuels.
• the domestic fuel oils generally conform to the specifications as set forth in A.S.T.M. Specifications D396-48T.
• Specifications for diesel fuels are defined in A.S.T.M. Specification D975-48T.
• Typical jet fuels are defined in Military Specification MIL-F-5624B.
• the gasolines that are improved by the additive compositions for this invention are mixtures of hydrocarbons having an initial boiling point falling between about 24°C (75°F) and about 57°C (135°F) and an end-boiling point falling between about 121°C (250°F) and about 232°C (450°F).
• motor gasoline can be straight run gasoline or, as is more usual, it can be a blend of two or more cuts of materials including straight run stock, catalytic or thermal reformate, cracked stock, alkylated natural gasoline, and aromatic hydrocarbons.
• concentration of additive in the fuel will range from bout 0.00001% to about 0.1 % by weight of the composition.
• the additive is effective in lubricant compositions for the purposes disdosed in ranges from about 0.1 % to about 10.0% by weight of the total lubricant composition. Preferred is from about 1.0% to 5.0%.
• the additives of this invention may also be used in combination with other additive systems in conventional amounts for their known purpose.
• the use of additive concentrations of borated alcohols in premium quality automotive and industrial lubricants further improves upon such fluids' fuel economy characteristics.
• the non-metallic compositions described herein are useful at said moderate concentrations and do not contain any potentially undesirable phosphorus, corrosive sulfur or metallic safts.
• the lubricants contemplated for use herein include both mineral oil and synthetic hydrocarbon or hydrocarboxy oils of lubricating viscosity, mixtures of mineral oils and such synthetic oils, and greases prepared therefrom.
• the synthetic hydrocarbon oils include long chain alkanes such as cetanes, and olefin polymers such as trimers and tetramers of octene and decene.
• Such synthetic hydrocarbon oils can be mixed with other synthetic oils, including (1) ester oils such as pentaerythritol esters of monocarboxylic acids having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, (2) polyglycol ethers, and (3) polyacetals.
• ester oils such as pentaerythritol esters of monocarboxylic acids having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, (2) polyglycol ethers, and (3) polyacetals.
• ester oils such as pentaerythritol esters of monocarboxylic acids having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, (2) poly
• a mixture of 189g (1.0 mole) of tetraethylenepentamine and 712.5g (2.5 moles) of tall oil fatty acids was heated to about 175°C and was stirred over a three hour period, evolving 45.0 g (2.5 moles) of water.
• a typical tall oil fatty acid contains about 45-50% oleic acid, 45-50% linoleic acid and 1-6% rosin acids.
• 106 grams (0.25 mole) of mixed C,, to C,, alkenylsuccinic anhydride derived from ethylene polymerization were added and the mixture was stirred for one hour at 175°C under reduced pressure to aid in the removal of water. The final product was obtained by filtration.
• the deposit-forming tendencies of a fuel were determined in an 8-hour engine test. This accelerated test, when run on fuels that contain no detergents, produces an amount of deposit equivalent to the amount observed in 4.000 miles of operation in field tests on taxicab fleets.
• a Ford 4.9 liter (300 C.I.D.) engine was equipped with notched rings to increase the amount of blowby and with a glass throttle body section. The engine was operated for 8 hours, using the fuel under test, at alternate idling and running cycles. In the idle cycle the engine was run for 5 minutes at idling speed of 400 rpm with no load.
• the fuel used was a gasoline comprising 40% catalytically cracked component, 40% catalytically reformed component and 20% alkylate, the overall mixture having a boiling range of about 35-210°C.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Lubricants (AREA)
• Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
• Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (2)

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Cited By (7)

Citations (2)

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• 1985
  • 1985-12-05 CA CA000496944A patent/CA1247598A/fr not_active Expired
  • 1985-12-09 AU AU51001/85A patent/AU577906B2/en not_active Ceased
  • 1985-12-20 EP EP85309350A patent/EP0186473A3/fr not_active Withdrawn
  • 1985-12-26 BR BR8506526A patent/BR8506526A/pt unknown
  • 1985-12-26 ES ES550418A patent/ES8703906A1/es not_active Expired

Patent Citations (2)

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