EP0184637A2 - Procédé de fabrication d'éléments magnétiques d'interruption qui se démagnétisent rapidement même avec des changements lents du champ magnétique - Google Patents

Procédé de fabrication d'éléments magnétiques d'interruption qui se démagnétisent rapidement même avec des changements lents du champ magnétique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0184637A2
EP0184637A2 EP85113068A EP85113068A EP0184637A2 EP 0184637 A2 EP0184637 A2 EP 0184637A2 EP 85113068 A EP85113068 A EP 85113068A EP 85113068 A EP85113068 A EP 85113068A EP 0184637 A2 EP0184637 A2 EP 0184637A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heat treatment
seconds
iron
wire
coil
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP85113068A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0184637B1 (fr
EP0184637A3 (en
Inventor
Gerd Dipl.-Phys. Rauscher
Christian Dr. Radeloff
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Vacuumschmelze GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Vacuumschmelze GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by Vacuumschmelze GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Vacuumschmelze GmbH and Co KG
Priority to AT85113068T priority Critical patent/ATE65640T1/de
Publication of EP0184637A2 publication Critical patent/EP0184637A2/fr
Publication of EP0184637A3 publication Critical patent/EP0184637A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0184637B1 publication Critical patent/EP0184637B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
    • H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
    • H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
    • H01F1/0302—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity characterised by unspecified or heterogeneous hardness or specially adapted for magnetic hardness transitions
    • H01F1/0304—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity characterised by unspecified or heterogeneous hardness or specially adapted for magnetic hardness transitions adapted for large Barkhausen jumps or domain wall rotations, e.g. WIEGAND or MATTEUCCI effect
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/02—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working in inert or controlled atmosphere or vacuum
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/10—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of nickel or cobalt or alloys based thereon
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
    • H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
    • H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
    • H01F1/0302—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity characterised by unspecified or heterogeneous hardness or specially adapted for magnetic hardness transitions
    • H01F1/0306—Metals or alloys, e.g. LAVES phase alloys of the MgCu2-type

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing a magnetic switching element made of an alloy containing cobalt-iron and vanadium with approximately equal proportions of cobalt and iron, which, under tension, quickly changes magnetism even when the field changes slowly, the switching element being subjected to a cold deformation of over 80% and then subjected to a heat treatment under protective gas.
  • the magnetostrictive material By applying a tensile stress, the magnetostrictive material experiences a preferred magnetic direction in the direction of the wire axis, so that when the coercive field strength is reached and exceeded, there is still no magnetic reversal. Only when the field strength continues to increase If a critical value increases, a small area is remagnetized at one point on the wire. A magnetic reversal wave propagates from this area, which leads to sudden magnetic reversal of the entire wire. As a prerequisite for achieving this effect, it is stated that a material with small residual stresses, small crystal orientation energy and a high yield strength should be selected.
  • an iron-cobalt-vanadium alloy is also surrounded by a shell made of soft steel and braced against this shell.
  • a heat treatment between 800 and 1100 ° C. is carried out under a protective gas and the tensile stress of such iron-cobalt-vanadium alloys is generated by stretching the wire.
  • the stretching tension is chosen so that the outer shell deforms plastically, while the iron-cobalt-vanadium alloy arranged on the inside is only elastically deformed.
  • the casing is under pressure and the core is under tension after the stretching process.
  • the object of the present invention is now to provide a method for producing such a magnetic switching element with the particularly high Umma gnetization speeds can be obtained reproducibly, so that peak voltages of more than 10 volts in a coil with 1000 turns can be achieved even with tensile stresses from 130 N / mm 2 .
  • a cobalt-iron-vanadium alloy with a vanadium content of more than 1% by weight to ensure mechanical workability and with less than 6% by weight to avoid precipitates in the heat treatment and by an extremely short final heat treatment have significantly higher and industrially usable remagnetization speeds.
  • a material produced in this way experiences, after reaching a critical field strength (jump field strength), almost complete, abrupt magnetic reversal with measured magnetic reversal speeds of 4 km / sec, so that defined voltage pulses of sufficient height can be achieved.
  • the novelty of the invention consists in the fact that the heat treatment takes place exclusively for a time between 3 seconds and 120 seconds at a temperature between 900 ° C. and 630 ° C., the high temperatures being used at shorter times and vice versa in order to achieve a fine crystalline structure and that the proportion of vanadium within the alloy is between 1 and 6 % by weight.
  • Figure 1a shows schematically a known measuring device for determining the magnetic reversal speed.
  • a wire 1 made of 49% by weight cobalt and iron and 2% by weight of vanadium is clamped in a wall 2 and pulled with a force Z in the direction of arrow 3.
  • the wire is surrounded by a field coil 4.
  • Within the field coil 4 there is a sensor coil 5 and 6, each with 200 turns, at a distance of 200 mm from one another.
  • a start coil 7 is arranged to the left of the sensor coil 5.
  • the field coil 4 is excited for measurement to a value which lies above the coercive field strength of the wire 1 which is not clamped, but is still lower than the jump field strength which would induce a reversal of magnetism in the tensioned wire.
  • the starting coil 7 In the same direction as the field coil 4, the starting coil 7 then receives a current pulse which, to the left of the sensor coil 5, generates a field strength in the wire 1 which is above the jump field strength. This creates a magnetic reversal front, as shown in the wire in FIG. 1b. This magnetic reversal front now spreads out within the wire 1, as shown in FIG. 1c, and successively generates a voltage pulse in the sensor coils 5 and 6.
  • the voltage applied to the starting coil 7 is designated V7 in FIG. 1d.
  • FIG. 1d shows a diagram of the voltage U over time T.
  • a voltage pulse V5 in the sensor coil 5 and subsequently a voltage pulse V6 in the sensor coil 6 can be measured.
  • the time interval between these voltage pulses, together with the given distance of the sensor coils 5 and 6 from one another, is a measure of the magnetic reversal rate.
  • FIG. 2 shows the field strength H over the tensile stress Z, namely the curves of the coercive field strength H o and the jump field strength H Sp , at which a reversal of magnetism is initiated, are entered for the cobalt-iron-vanadium alloys mentioned. The difference is referred to as curve H Sp -H o .
  • H Sp -H o With a tensile stress of 300 N / mm 2 it already reaches a value of 8 A / cm.
  • the jumping field strength H Sp was determined without a pulse in the starting coil by initiating the remagnetization process with the field coil 4 alone.
  • the coercive field strength H o describes the smallest field strength in the field coil 4, at which the magnetic reversal process still takes place using a sufficiently large pulse in the starting coil 7.
  • FIG. 3 shows the dependence of the speed v in km / sec on the driving field H - Ho .
  • FIG. 5 shows the measurement results of an alloy with 49% by weight cobalt and iron and 2% by weight vanadium depending on different heat treatments.
  • FIG. 5 shows the peak voltage U, measured on a coil with 1000 turns above the tensile stress Z.
  • the curves are labeled K1 to K5 from left to right.
  • the annealing times and the annealing temperatures are given in brackets after the curve names.
  • Annealing is preferably carried out in a nitrogen atmosphere, which allows the temperature to be maintained particularly precisely, since nitrogen is not flared and there are therefore no undesired changes in temperature.
  • Curve K5 is an example of insufficient annealing treatment (15 seconds at 650 0 C), residual stresses remain in the wire; the wire is still curved, with the consequence that pulses of significant size only occur at tensile stresses above 400 N / mm 2 .
  • the cobalt content should fluctuate between 30 and 60%.
  • the vanadium content should be well below 10%.
  • Co 52 V 10 Fe 38 have led to precipitations in the extremely short glow time, which clearly worsened the pulse behavior.
  • the alloy can also contain other components, for example nickel, niobium or molybdenum, but chromium may not be present or only in very small amounts below 1%, since this significantly deteriorates the magnetic properties (permeability).
  • the material After the heat treatment, the material must no longer be heated to very high temperatures (above 400 ° C) in order to maintain the optimal structure. For this reason, the wire should be elastically deformed either by clamping it in a holding device or, in the case of a sheath or a core with a different yield point, by stretching and thus holding it under tension.
  • the short annealing times can preferably be carried out in a continuous furnace in which the speed of the wire and the length of the wire section in the furnace determine the heat treatment time.
  • the invention is not restricted to a circular wire cross-section. It can be any elongated material shape, e.g. rolled strip with rectangular or square cross-section.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Soft Magnetic Materials (AREA)
  • Crystals, And After-Treatments Of Crystals (AREA)
  • Superconductor Devices And Manufacturing Methods Thereof (AREA)
  • Hard Magnetic Materials (AREA)
  • Switches That Are Operated By Magnetic Or Electric Fields (AREA)
  • Measuring Magnetic Variables (AREA)
EP85113068A 1984-11-09 1985-10-15 Procédé de fabrication d'éléments magnétiques d'interruption qui se démagnétisent rapidement même avec des changements lents du champ magnétique Expired - Lifetime EP0184637B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT85113068T ATE65640T1 (de) 1984-11-09 1985-10-15 Verfahren zur herstellung eines magnetischen schaltelements, das sich auch bei langsamer feldaenderung schnell ummagnetisiert.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3440918 1984-11-09
DE19843440918 DE3440918A1 (de) 1984-11-09 1984-11-09 Verfahren zur herstellung eines magnetischen schaltelements, das sich auch bei langsamer feldaenderung schnell ummagnetisiert

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0184637A2 true EP0184637A2 (fr) 1986-06-18
EP0184637A3 EP0184637A3 (en) 1988-03-23
EP0184637B1 EP0184637B1 (fr) 1991-07-24

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Family Applications (1)

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EP85113068A Expired - Lifetime EP0184637B1 (fr) 1984-11-09 1985-10-15 Procédé de fabrication d'éléments magnétiques d'interruption qui se démagnétisent rapidement même avec des changements lents du champ magnétique

Country Status (3)

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EP (1) EP0184637B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE65640T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE3440918A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0710963A1 (fr) * 1994-11-04 1996-05-08 Nhk Spring Co., Ltd. Un élément générateur d'impulsions et sa méthode et son appareil de fabrication

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4124776A1 (de) * 1991-07-26 1993-01-28 Schaeffler Waelzlager Kg Verfahren zur herstellung eines impulsgebers mit wechselnd angeordneten amagnetischen und magnetisierbaren feldern sowie nach dem verfahren hergestellter impulsgeber

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1458521A1 (de) * 1963-12-18 1968-12-19 Western Electric Co Magnetisch betaetigbarer Schalter
US3422407A (en) * 1964-10-20 1969-01-14 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Devices utilizing a cobalt-vanadium-iron magnetic material which exhibits a composite hysteresis loop
FR2389986A1 (fr) * 1977-05-03 1978-12-01 Echlin Mfg Co

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1458521A1 (de) * 1963-12-18 1968-12-19 Western Electric Co Magnetisch betaetigbarer Schalter
US3422407A (en) * 1964-10-20 1969-01-14 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Devices utilizing a cobalt-vanadium-iron magnetic material which exhibits a composite hysteresis loop
FR2389986A1 (fr) * 1977-05-03 1978-12-01 Echlin Mfg Co

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
PHYSIKALISCHE ZEITSCHRIFT, Band XXXIII, 1932, Seiten 913-923, S. Hirzel, Leipzig, DE; F. PREISACH: "Permeabilit{t und Hysterese bei Magnetisierung in der energetischen Vorzugsrichtung" *

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0710963A1 (fr) * 1994-11-04 1996-05-08 Nhk Spring Co., Ltd. Un élément générateur d'impulsions et sa méthode et son appareil de fabrication
US5707753A (en) * 1994-11-04 1998-01-13 Nhk Spring Co., Ltd Pulse generating element and a method and an apparatus for manufacturing the same

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3440918A1 (de) 1986-05-15
EP0184637B1 (fr) 1991-07-24
EP0184637A3 (en) 1988-03-23
DE3583589D1 (de) 1991-08-29
ATE65640T1 (de) 1991-08-15

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