EP0182820A1 - Seed pellets and process for their manufacture - Google Patents

Seed pellets and process for their manufacture

Info

Publication number
EP0182820A1
EP0182820A1 EP85902434A EP85902434A EP0182820A1 EP 0182820 A1 EP0182820 A1 EP 0182820A1 EP 85902434 A EP85902434 A EP 85902434A EP 85902434 A EP85902434 A EP 85902434A EP 0182820 A1 EP0182820 A1 EP 0182820A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
weight
seed
pellets
loess
seed pellets
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP85902434A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Daniel Gerber
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Sechoir la Courtine SA
Original Assignee
Sechoir la Courtine SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Sechoir la Courtine SA filed Critical Sechoir la Courtine SA
Publication of EP0182820A1 publication Critical patent/EP0182820A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
    • A01C1/06—Coating or dressing seed
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S47/00—Plant husbandry
    • Y10S47/09—Physical and chemical treatment of seeds for planting

Definitions

  • a seed preparation is already known, which is produced by mixing 20 kg of inferior grass, so-called mulch and 1 kg of raw cellulose flakes, and drying at a temperature of approx. 140 C until the residual water content is only 15% by weight .-%.
  • the following substances are then added to this premix, the percentages being% by weight based on the dried grass:
  • pellets can be pressed from this mixture, the sodium alginate and polyacrylamide serving as binders.
  • clover seeds leguminosa
  • these pellets are not suitable for seeds which, like seeds from dry rice and many other crops or forest seeds, require a relatively large amount of water and / or are to be sown in extremely dry areas.
  • the dry grass the proportion by weight of the pellets in the size of which is 90%, can namely only about a third of the water content present in it, which is about 15% by weight, i.e. only give about 5% by weight of the dry grass weight.
  • the known pellets lose a relatively large amount of water to the environment in a dry environment.
  • Another disadvantage of the seed pellets according to the Swiss patent specification 561 021 is that the dry grass particles, seeds and other pellet components pressed into a pellet are only held together relatively loosely, so that they break easily during transport and sowing, and due to abrasion material lose.
  • the invention is based on the object of creating seed pellets which eliminate the disadvantages of the known seed pellets.
  • the pellets are said to be particularly suitable for applications in which the seeds present in them require a lot of water and / or in which the pellets are to be sown in a relatively dry environment.
  • the seed pellets should preferably have a high breaking strength and abrasion resistance.
  • seed pellets of the introductory type which according to the invention are characterized in that they contain loess.
  • seed pellets according to the invention are characterized in that they have a core having at least the above-mentioned components and a se-permeable jacket enclosing them.
  • Advantageous embodiments of the seed pellets emerge from the dependent claims relating to the seed pellets.
  • the invention further relates to a method for the production of seed pellets, in which seed pellets are formed from at least one seed and one organic substrate.
  • the method according to the invention is characterized in that the organic substrate is mixed with loess before the seed pellets are formed.
  • the invention further relates to a method of the type mentioned, which is characterized according to the invention in that cores formed from at least the components mentioned are covered with a semi-permeable jacket.
  • the organic substrate can be made from vegetable, but not woody material, which advantageously still contains water, but is just sufficiently dry that it is well ground and / or mechanically crushed in another way and then, as a particulate material, is good with the seeds, loess and other desirable ingredients can be mixed and finally agglomerated into agglomerate particles.
  • the organic substrate can be formed, for example, from dry grass, straw and / or algae and / or leaves. If they have not already become sufficiently dry through natural drying processes, these vegetable starting materials can be dried in a drying device which, for example, has a drying tower in which hot air is passed through the vegetable material to be dried - 4 -
  • the starting material for the organic substrate can be heated to a temperature of at least about 100 ° C. and at most about 180 ° C. and, for example, 130 to 150 ° C. and thereby rendered germ-free. If the plant material had already become too dry due to natural drying processes, there would also be the possibility of moistening the plant material, which could be done before and / or after the comminution.
  • a particulate, organic substrate can be formed, the water content of which is at least 10% by weight, preferably at least 12% by weight, at most 20% by weight, preferably at most 18% by weight and for example approximately 15% by weight of the total weight.
  • the vegetable material can be ground to form particles with advantageous sizes, for example using a hammer mill, and then sieved, and both the too large and the too small particles can be eliminated during screening. In this way, a particulate, organic substrate with a more or less homogeneous particle size can be formed.
  • the characteristic sizes of the substrate particles can be at least approximately 1 mm and preferably at most approximately 0.5 mm, at least on average and preferably for the majority of the particles or even for all particles.
  • the characteristic sizes of the organic substrate particles should furthermore be at least about 0.1 mm, at least on average and preferably for the majority of the organic substrate particles or even for all particles, so that the particulate material is not yet dusty.
  • the loess used is preferably a degenerate loess.
  • Degenerate loess occurs in superficial areas of the earth, where it has been exposed to living organisms and partially degraded so that it contains at least one natural nutrient and, in general, various such.
  • a degraded loess can be used, for example, as loess or waste product resulting from loam or clay mining for brick products, which covers clay or clay-like masses required for the production of brick products, an insufficient consistency for the production of brick products has and is therefore relatively inexpensive available.
  • loess which is not degenerated, more or less nutrient-free may also be used for the production of the pellets, but this then requires a relatively large addition of fertilizer.
  • the loess can possibly be sieved during the extraction in order to eliminate excessively large lumps or other "excessively large particles.
  • the characteristic size of the dissolving particles can for example be at least on average and preferably for the majority of the particles or even for all particles than 0.1 mm and vor ⁇ preferably at most 0.05 mm.
  • loess has a large particle surface can adhere to the water, the water retention capacity the greater 'is, the finer the loess and the larger accordingly its particles Loess, even if it contains a comparatively large amount of water, feels similar to a dry good and can therefore also work well with the comparatively high water content organic vegetable substrate, the seeds and other desired ingredients.
  • the water content of the loess used to form the seed pellets should be at least about 10% by weight and preferably at least 12% by weight of the moist loess, ie the total loess weight.
  • the water content of the loess can be approximately at most 19 or 20% by weight or possibly even up to at most approximately 30% by weight. You may still be able to moisten and / or dry the loess obtained during mining to form the pellets.
  • the organic, vegetable, particulate substrate and the pond-shaped loess and the seed grains are mixed for the formation of the seed pellets.
  • This mixture is preferably still min ⁇ , for example, mixed least a particulate fertilizer, namely orga nic fertilizer 'guano. It may be possible to add this loess or part of it to the loess before it is mixed with the organic substrate.
  • At least one fungicide and advantageously a mixture of fungicides and / or possibly at least one pesticide or a mixture comprising several of these can also be mixed into the mixture.
  • This mixture can be shaped, pressed and agglomerated with a press device, a so-called compactor, into pressings or agglomerate particles, each of which contains at least one seed and preferably each contains several seeds.
  • the pellets or agglomerate particles can contain at least 2, preferably at least 4 and up to about 15 seeds at most, the seeds being supposed to be distributed as evenly as possible over the entire volume of the pellets or agglomerate particles.
  • the water-containing loess serves as a binding agent, which binds the other components of the pressed pieces and themselves relatively firmly together.
  • the pressing device Since during the pressing process heat released "can, the pressing device is so constructed and the Press ⁇ operation can be performed such that the temperature of the various components of the compacts or agglomerate particles and in particular the fact handenen seeds never vor ⁇ above 35 ° C and preferably never rises above 30 ° C., so that the germination capacity of the seeds is not impaired, keeping the temperature low during pressing can also help to keep the water loss low, so that the water content of the organic substrate and the loess at least after pressing can be approximately the same as the water content before pressing.
  • the compacts or agglomerate particles can be, for example, by passing an air stream or by bare
  • the seed pellets can be provided with at least one bitter substance which protects them against animal damage, preferably a non-toxic bitter substance, as is commercially available as a seed protection preparation.
  • the bitter substance can be admixed with the mixture comprising the seeds, the organic substrate and the loess before pressing the compacts or agglomerate particles.
  • the bitter substance can advantageously also be applied in part or in full only after the compacts or agglomerate particles have been produced, so that they form a core, the entire surface of which is coated with a coating containing bitter substances.
  • the core then preferably has a lower bitter substance concentration than the bitter substance-containing sheath or contains no bitter substance at all.
  • a second, outer, film-like sheath which extends over the entire pellet surface and forms the outer boundary of the pellet, can be applied to the preferably existing, inner, bitter substance-containing sheath, which is used to influence the Passage of material through the outer surface serves the finished seed pellets.
  • This second jacket should be so semipermeable that water can enter the core of the seed pellet in question through it from the outside, but that it contains at least part of the water-soluble substances present in the core.
  • the fungicides and / or pesticides preferably also the nutrients and preferably all water-soluble constituents of the core, at least partially and preferably as completely as possible prevent them from emerging from the pellet.
  • the second jacket should also be such that at least when the seed pellet in question is in a dry environment, it at least inhibits the escape of liquid water and preferably also the escape of water vapor from the pellet and prevents it as far as possible.
  • the second casing can be gas-permeable, for example, to the extent that air necessary for germinating the seeds and growing the seedlings can penetrate into the pellet from the outside.
  • the second coat should also prevent the germs from growing out of the seed pellet as little as possible.
  • the second jacket can be made, at least in part or in its entirety, of a porous material that swells in a moist environment so that its pores expand and that contracts in a dry environment so that the pores narrow and / or completely close.
  • Such a material resulting properties can for example be formed from natural latex and / or at least one starch.
  • Suitable starches are, for example, starches from cereal seeds, such as protein-rich cereal starch and corn starch, or starch from seeds of the breadfruit, which is also known as carob.
  • the compacts are to be coated with bitter substance, this can be dissolved in an aqueous solvent, for example, and sprayed onto the compacts in the form of a solution which may contain other additives. Thereafter, by drying the sprayed solution, the bitter substance-like coat - 10 -
  • the semipermeable material i.e. the starch and / or the latex can also be sprayed onto the compacts in the form of a preferably aqueous solution and dried.
  • a preferably aqueous solution for example, air can be passed through the sprayed compacts.
  • bitter substance coat it would also be possible to apply a bitter substance coat to the second, semipermeable coat. Possibly you could even add more coats, so that alternately a bitter substance coat and a semi-permeable coat follow each other.
  • an aqueous solution containing both the bitter substance and the semi-permeable material spraying it onto the compacts and drying it.
  • a jacket can be formed which closes the core and contains bittern and semi-permeable material. If it should be necessary or advantageous for the type of bitter substance and / or the semipermeable material, it could be sprayed onto the pressed parts in the form of a non-aqueous solution or a suspension or applied in another way to coat the pressed parts.
  • the proportion of the seeds in the weight of the pellet kernels and in the only slightly larger total weight of the pellets can be about at least 0.5% by weight or possibly at least 1.5% by weight to at most about 5% by weight or at most about 4 % By weight.
  • the water content of the organic substrate and the loess can be approximately equal to the values previously given for the corresponding starting materials after the completion of the pellets.
  • the weight percentages of the organic substrate The amount and the loess on the total weight of the pellets naturally depend on the instantaneous water content of the organic substrate and loess and can each be at least about 30% by weight and at most about 60% by weight of the cores or the entire pellet.
  • the weight percentages of the substrate and the loess are preferably at least about 40% by weight and preferably at most about 55% by weight of the pellet cores or the entire pellets.
  • the proportion of the water-containing organic substrate can be, for example, approximately 44 to 48% by weight and that of the water-containing loess approximately 46 to 50% by weight of the pellet cores or of the total pellets.
  • the proportion by weight of the loess is, for example, approximately the same as that of the organic substrate and / or a little larger.
  • the proportion of natural nutrients in a degenerate loess depends on the origin of the loess and is at most or approximately 2% by weight and usually at most or approximately 1% by weight of the total loess.
  • the proportion of the additionally added, preferably organic fertilizer can, depending on the natural nutrient content of the loess, be at least about 1% by weight of the loess or at least about 0.5% by weight of the total pellets and at most about 4% by weight of the loess or at most about 2% by weight of the pellets and, for example, at most or about 2% by weight of the loess or at most or about 1% by weight of the total pellets.
  • the total nutrient content resulting from the preferably present natural nutrient content of the loess and the additionally added fertilizer can then be about 0.5 to 2.5% by weight and for example about 1% by weight of the total pellets amount, which corresponds to approximately 2% by weight of the loess.
  • the fungicides and pesticides can together amount to about 0.2 to 0.4% by weight of the kernels or the entire pellets.
  • the proportion of wetting agent can typically be at least 1% by weight and, for example, at least 1.5% by weight and at most about 2% by weight of the cores or the entire pellets.
  • the proportion of the bitter substance present in the kernels and / or in the jackets can be about at least 0.1% by weight, at most about 0.5% by weight and preferably at most 0.3% by weight of the kernels or of the total pellets be.
  • the proportion of the semipermeable material can be at least 0.2% by weight, at most 1% by weight and, for example, about 0.4 to 0.6% by weight of the total pellets, so that the proportion of the other pellet components accordingly can be at least 99% by weight and, for example, about 99.4 to 99.6% by weight of the total pellets. If the semipermeable material on its own, ie without bitter substance, forms a film-like sheath, its thickness can be at most about 0.1 mm or less, for example.
  • the loess replacing at least about half of the vegetable, organic substrate of the loess known from the Swiss patent 561 021 serves both as a binder and as a water reservoir.
  • the loess results in a stronger and more abrasion-resistant connection of the pellet components than the binder of the pellets known from Swiss patent specification 561 021, which can be attributed, among other things, to the fact that the percentage release content of the pellets according to the invention can be significantly greater than the binder content of the known pellets.
  • the loess has the advantage that it has very good water storage properties and not only absorbs a relatively large amount of water, but also releases it almost completely, namely up to a proportion of about 2 to 3% by weight of its own weight can. If a degenerate loess is used as loess, as preferred As is the case, the nutrients present in this loess are beneficial for the growth of the seedlings.
  • the semi-permeable sheath can also help improve water balance by narrowing or closing its pores in a dry environment and expanding in a damp environment.
  • water-soluble substances present in the pellet can result in an osmotic effect, so that in a dry environment at most little water emerges from the pellet through the semi-permeable jacket, while water can penetrate well into the pellet from the outside.
  • the jacket can possibly also contribute to increasing the cohesion of an individual pellet and the abrasion resistance.
  • a major advantage of the present invention is that not only pellets with grass and clover seeds, as is already known, but also well-germinated pellets with seeds from many other wild and crop plants, such as forest seeds, seeds of dry rice, hard - Wheat, sesame and legumes can be formed. Good results can also be achieved when sowing the pellets in relatively dry areas. The pellets are also resistant to breakage and abrasion during transport and sowing.
  • Seed pellets according to the invention can have the following composition, for example:
  • fungicide and / or possibly pesticide for example the fungicide / pesticide produced under the brand CAPTAFOL by Sandoz AG, Basel, Switzerland
  • the seeds, the hay flour, the loess, the fertilizer, the fungicides and any pesticides present, the neutralizing agent and possibly also all or part of the bitter substance were mixed well in a mixing device. From this mixture, compacts weighing 3.5 to 7 g were then produced by means of a pressing device with two counter-rotating forming rollers. These were coated with the bitter substance, insofar as this had not already been introduced into the mixture, and with the latex. Care should be taken during the entire production of the pellets that the temperature never becomes higher than
  • the pellets have the following composition:
  • straw flour for example maize straw
  • organic substrate for example
  • the pellets can be produced in a manner analogous to that in the first example, by first mixing the components used to form the cores as homogeneously as possible and pressing and agglomerating with a press device, a so-called compactor, to presses or agglomerate particles.
  • the bitter substance can in turn be admixed with the mixture used to form the kernels, or applied partially or completely as a coating to the kernels after the kernels have been formed.
  • the cereal starch is in turn applied to the kernels as a coating, so that it, possibly together with the bitter substance, forms a coat which delimits the pellets from the outside.
  • the water content of the organic substrate and loess of the seed pellets produced according to these examples can be in the ranges given above and is dimensioned such that the seeds do not germinate as long as the seed pellets are stored in a dry environment with air-permeable packaging, for example jute sacks.
  • the seed pellets can be spread by hand or by machine or from an airplane. As soon as the moisture in the vicinity of the pellets exceeds a certain limit, water is taken up by the pellet, the water content in the organic substrate and / or loess being able to rise to saturation.
  • the seed then begins to germinate, the bitter substances preventing the seedlings from being eaten by animals, while the fungicides and / or pesticides protect the seed against fungi and similar pests.
  • the pellets can be provided with a variety of other types of seeds in an analogous manner.
  • ground algae or leaves or other non-woody plant components can also be used as the vegetable substrate.
  • a soya-based bitter substance could also be used, for example.
  • the pellets could have a fatty acid-glycerol derivative and / or a formaldehyde resin and / or an algae derivative called aluginate.

Landscapes

  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
  • Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)

Abstract

Les pellets inséminés présentent un noyau qui contient des graines, un substrat organique, du loess, des engrais organiques, des fongicides ainsi qu'éventuellement des pesticides, et un agent mouillant favorisant la mouillabilité de la surface extérieure. Un principe amer est en outre prévu pour recouvrir le noyau d'un manteau et éventuellement aussi pour se disperser à l'intérieur du noyau. Le noyau est en outre pourvu d'une enveloppe semi-perméable, qui est constituée d'au moins un empois et/ou d'un latex. Le loess sert de liant pour les différents constituants du noyau et en outre à la rétention d'eau pour le substrate organique. L'enveloppe semi-perméable contribue également à l'amélioration et à la régulation du régime aqueux. Les pellets peuvent être utilisés avec des semences sensibles, nécessitant beaucoup d'eau pour la germination et/ou peuvent être semés dans des régions arides et sont en plus résistants à la rupture et à l'usure.The inseminated pellets have a core which contains seeds, an organic substrate, loess, organic fertilizers, fungicides as well as optionally pesticides, and a wetting agent promoting the wettability of the outer surface. A bitter principle is further provided to cover the core with a mantle and possibly also to disperse inside the core. The core is further provided with a semi-permeable shell, which consists of at least one starch and / or a latex. The loess serves as a binder for the various constituents of the nucleus and additionally for water retention for the organic substrate. The semi-permeable shell also contributes to the improvement and regulation of the aqueous regime. The pellets can be used with sensitive seeds, requiring a lot of water for germination and / or can be sown in arid regions and are in addition resistant to breakage and wear.

Description

Saatgutpellets und Verfahren zur Herstellung von solchenSeed pellets and process for making them
Die Erfindung betrifft Saatgutpellets mit je mindestens einem Samenkorn und einem organischem Substrat.The invention relates to seed pellets, each with at least one seed and an organic substrate.
Aus der schweizerischen Patentschrift 561 021 ist bereits ein Saatgutpräparat bekannt, das hergestellt wird, indem 20 kg minderwertiges Gras, sogenannter Mulch und 1 kg Rohzelluloseflocken gemischt und bei einer Temperatur von ca. 140 C so weit getrocknet werden, dass der Restwassergehalt nur noch 15 Gew.-% beträgt. Diesem Vorgemisch werden dann folgende Stoffe beigegeben, wobei die %-Angaben Gew.-% bezogen auf das getrocknete Gras bedeuten:From the Swiss patent specification 561 021 a seed preparation is already known, which is produced by mixing 20 kg of inferior grass, so-called mulch and 1 kg of raw cellulose flakes, and drying at a temperature of approx. 140 C until the residual water content is only 15% by weight .-%. The following substances are then added to this premix, the percentages being% by weight based on the dried grass:
1,5 % 1,4 Butandiol als hydrophyler Bestandteil1.5% 1.4 butanediol as a hydrophilic component
2 % Saatgut2% seed
0,25 % Natriumalginat0.25% sodium alginate
0,25 % Polyacrylamid0.25% polyacrylamide
0,25 % Octylphenyloctoglykoläther0.25% octylphenyl octoglycol ether
0,25 % Fungizid0.25% fungicide
0,5 % Nährsalze0.5% nutrient salts
Aus diesem Gemisch lassen sich Formkörper, sogenannte Pellets, pressen, wobei das Natriumalginat und Poly¬ acrylamid als Bindemittel dienen.Moldings, so-called pellets, can be pressed from this mixture, the sodium alginate and polyacrylamide serving as binders.
Derartige Saatgutpellets wurden gemäss der Schweizer Patentschrift 561 021 mit Grassamen und in der PraxisSuch seed pellets were used according to the Swiss patent specification 561 021 with grass seeds and in practice
Zb/ps/16621/Fall 1 - 2 -Zb / ps / 16621 / case 1 - 2 -
ferner noch mit Kleesamen (Leguminosa) versehen. Diese Pellets sind jedoch nicht für Samen geeignet, die wie beispielsweise Samen von Trocken-Reis und von vielen andern Kulturpflanzen oder Forstsamάn verhältnismässig viel Wasser benötigen und/oder in extrem trockenen Gebieten ausgesät werden sollen. Das Trockengras, dessen gewichtsmässiger Anteil an den Pellets in der Grosse von 90 % liegt, kann nämlich von dem in ihm vorhandenen, etwa 15 Gew.-% betragenden Wasseranteil nur ungefähr einen Drittel, d.h. nur ungefähr 5 Gew.-% des Trocken¬ gras-Gewichts abgeben. Ferner verlieren die bekannten Pellets in einer trockenen Umgebung verhältnismässig viel Wasser an die Umgebung. Ein weiterer Nachteil der Saatgutpellets gemäss der Schweizer Patentschrift 561 021 besteht auch noch darin, dass die zu einem Pellet gepressten Trockengrasteilchen, Samenkörner und sonstigen Pellet-Bestandteile nur verhältnismässig lose zusammen gehalten sind, so dass sie beim Transport und Aussäen leicht brechen und durch Abrieb Material ver¬ lieren.also provided with clover seeds (leguminosa). However, these pellets are not suitable for seeds which, like seeds from dry rice and many other crops or forest seeds, require a relatively large amount of water and / or are to be sown in extremely dry areas. The dry grass, the proportion by weight of the pellets in the size of which is 90%, can namely only about a third of the water content present in it, which is about 15% by weight, i.e. only give about 5% by weight of the dry grass weight. Furthermore, the known pellets lose a relatively large amount of water to the environment in a dry environment. Another disadvantage of the seed pellets according to the Swiss patent specification 561 021 is that the dry grass particles, seeds and other pellet components pressed into a pellet are only held together relatively loosely, so that they break easily during transport and sowing, and due to abrasion material lose.
Der Erfindung liegt nun die Aufgabe zugrunde Saat¬ gutpellets zu schaffen, die Nachteile der bekannten Saatgutpellets beseitigen. Die Pellets sollen insbe¬ sondere für Anwendungen geeignet sein, bei denen die in ihnen vorhandenen Samen viel Wasser benötigen und/oder bei denen die Pellets in einer verhältnismässig trocke¬ nen Umgebung ausgesät werden sollen. Ferner sollen die Saatgutpellets vorzugsweise eine grosse Bruchfestigkeit und Abriebresistenz haben.The invention is based on the object of creating seed pellets which eliminate the disadvantages of the known seed pellets. The pellets are said to be particularly suitable for applications in which the seeds present in them require a lot of water and / or in which the pellets are to be sown in a relatively dry environment. Furthermore, the seed pellets should preferably have a high breaking strength and abrasion resistance.
Diese Aufgabe wird durch Saatgutpellets der einleitenden Art gelöst, die erfindungsgemäss dadurch gekennzeichnet sind, dass sie Löss enthalten. Diese Aufgabe wird zudem durch Saatgutpellets gelöst, die erfindungsgemäss dadurch gekennzeichnet sind, dass sie einen mindestens die genannten Bestandteile aufweisenden Kern und einen diesen umschliessenden, se ipermeablen Mantel aufweisen. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Saatgutpellets gehen aus den die Saatgutpellets betreffenden, abhängigen Ansprüchen hervor.This object is achieved by seed pellets of the introductory type, which according to the invention are characterized in that they contain loess. This object is also achieved by seed pellets according to the invention are characterized in that they have a core having at least the above-mentioned components and a se-permeable jacket enclosing them. Advantageous embodiments of the seed pellets emerge from the dependent claims relating to the seed pellets.
Die Erfindung betrifft ferner ein Verfahren zur Her¬ stellung von Saatgutpellets, bei dem aus mindestens je einem Samenkorn und einem organischem Substrat Saatgut¬ pellets geformt werden. Das Verfahren ist erfindungs¬ gemäss dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das organische Substrat vor der Formung der Saatgutpellets mit Löss vermischt wird. Die Erfindung betrifft ferner ein Verfahren der genannten Art, das erfindungsgemäss dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, dass aus mindestens den genannten Bestandteilen geformte Kerne mit einem semi¬ permeablen Mantel überzogen werden.The invention further relates to a method for the production of seed pellets, in which seed pellets are formed from at least one seed and one organic substrate. The method according to the invention is characterized in that the organic substrate is mixed with loess before the seed pellets are formed. The invention further relates to a method of the type mentioned, which is characterized according to the invention in that cores formed from at least the components mentioned are covered with a semi-permeable jacket.
Das organische Substrat kann aus pflanzlichem, aber nicht verholztem Material hergestellt werden, das vorteilhafterweise noch Wasser enthält, jedoch gerade genügend trocken ist, dass es gut gemahlen und/oder in anderer Weise mechanisch zerkleinert und danach als teilchenförmiges Material gut mit den Samenkörnern, dem Löss und andern wünschenswerten Bestandteilen gemischt und schliesslich zu Agglomerat-Teilchen agglomeriert werden kann. Das organische Substrat kann beispielsweise aus Trockengras, Stroh und/oder Algen und/oder Laubmasse gebildet werden. Diese pflanzlichen AusgangsStoffe können, wenn sie nicht bereits durch natürliche Trock¬ nungsvorgänge ausreichend trocken geworden sind, in einer Trocknungsvorrichtung getrocknet werden, die beispielweise einen Trocknungsturm aufweist, in dem Heissluft durch das zu trocknende pflanzliche Material - 4 -The organic substrate can be made from vegetable, but not woody material, which advantageously still contains water, but is just sufficiently dry that it is well ground and / or mechanically crushed in another way and then, as a particulate material, is good with the seeds, loess and other desirable ingredients can be mixed and finally agglomerated into agglomerate particles. The organic substrate can be formed, for example, from dry grass, straw and / or algae and / or leaves. If they have not already become sufficiently dry through natural drying processes, these vegetable starting materials can be dried in a drying device which, for example, has a drying tower in which hot air is passed through the vegetable material to be dried - 4 -
hindurch geleitet wird. Das Ausgangsmaterial für das organische Substrat kann beim Trocknungsvorgang oder eventuell in einem separaten Sterilisierungsvorgang auf eine mindestens etwa 100 C und höchstens etwa 180 C und beispielsweise 130 bis 150 C betragende Temperatur erwärmt und dadurch keimfrei gemacht werden. Falls das pflanzliche Material eventuell durch natürliche Trock¬ nungsvorgänge bereits zu trocken geworden sein sollte, bestünde auch die Möglichkeit, das pflanzliche Material noch zu befeuchten, wobei dies vor und/oder nach der Zerkleinerung geschehen könnte. Durch das Trocknen und/oder allfällige Befeuchten und Zerkleinern des pflanzlichen Materials kann ein teilchenformiges, orga¬ nisches Substrat gebildet werden, dessen Wassergehalt mindestens 10 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise mindestens 12 Gew.-., höchstens 20 Gew.-., vorzugsweise höchstens 18 Gew.-% und beispielsweise ungefähr 15 Gew.-% des Gesamtgewichts beträgt.is passed through. During the drying process or possibly in a separate sterilization process, the starting material for the organic substrate can be heated to a temperature of at least about 100 ° C. and at most about 180 ° C. and, for example, 130 to 150 ° C. and thereby rendered germ-free. If the plant material had already become too dry due to natural drying processes, there would also be the possibility of moistening the plant material, which could be done before and / or after the comminution. By drying and / or possibly moistening and crushing the vegetable material, a particulate, organic substrate can be formed, the water content of which is at least 10% by weight, preferably at least 12% by weight, at most 20% by weight, preferably at most 18% by weight and for example approximately 15% by weight of the total weight.
Das pflanzliche Material kann zur Bildung von Teilchen mit vorteilhaften Grossen beispielsweise mit einer Schlagmühle gemahlen und anschliessend gesiebt werden, wobei beim Sieben sowohl die zu grossen als auch die zu kleinen Teilchen eliminiert werden können. Auf diese Weise kann ein teilchenformiges, organisches Substrat mit einer mehr oder weniger homogenen Teilchengrösse gebildet werden. Die charakteristischen Grossen der Substrat-Teilchen können zumindest im Mittel und vor¬ zugsweise für die Mehrheit der Teilchen oder sogar für alle Teilchen höchstens etwa 1 mm und vorzugsweise höchstens etwa 0,5 mm betragen. Die charakteristischen Grossen der organischen Substrat-Teilchen sollen ferner zumindest im Mittel und vorzugsweise für die Mehrheit der organischen Substrat-Teilchen oder sogar für alle Teilchen mindestens etwa 0,1 mm betragen, so dass sich das teilchenförmige Gut noch nicht staubartig verhält.The vegetable material can be ground to form particles with advantageous sizes, for example using a hammer mill, and then sieved, and both the too large and the too small particles can be eliminated during screening. In this way, a particulate, organic substrate with a more or less homogeneous particle size can be formed. The characteristic sizes of the substrate particles can be at least approximately 1 mm and preferably at most approximately 0.5 mm, at least on average and preferably for the majority of the particles or even for all particles. The characteristic sizes of the organic substrate particles should furthermore be at least about 0.1 mm, at least on average and preferably for the majority of the organic substrate particles or even for all particles, so that the particulate material is not yet dusty.
Beim verwendeten Löss handelt es sich vorzugsweise um einen degenerierten Löss. Degenerierter Löss entsteht in oberflächlichen Erdbereichen, wo er der Einwirkung von Lebewesen ausgesetzt und teilweise abgebaut wurde, so dass er mindestens einen natürlichen Nährstoff und im allgemeinern verschiedene solche enthält. Als dege¬ nerierter Löss kann beispielsweise ein beim Lehm- oder Tonabbau für Ziegeleiprodukte als Abraum- und Abfall¬ produkt anfallender Löss verwendet werden, der für die Herstellung von Ziegeleiprodukten benötigte lehm- oder tonartige Massen bedeckt, eine zu geringe Konsistenz für die Herstellung von Ziegeleiprodukten hat und daher verhältnissmässig kostengünstig erhältlich ist. Man kann jedoch für die Herstellung der Pellets eventuell auch nicht degenerierten, mehr oder weniger nährstoff¬ losen Löss verwenden, was dann jedoch eine verhält¬ nismässig grosse Beigabe von Dünger erforderlich macht. Der Löss kann bei der Gewinnung eventuell gesiebt wer¬ den, um zu grosse Klumpen oder andere" zu grosse Teil¬ chen zu eliminieren. Die charakteristische Grosse der Lössteilchen kann beispielsweise zumindest im Durch¬ schnitt und vorzugsweise für die Mehrheit der Teilchen oder sogar für alle Teilchen höchstens 0,1 mm und vor¬ zugsweise höchstens 0,05 mm betragen. Löss hat eine grosse Teilchen-Oberfläche, an der Wasser haften kann, wobei die Wasserspeicherfähigkeit um so grösser 'ist, je feiner der Löss und je grösser dementsprechend seine Teilchen-Oberfläche ist. Löss fühlt sich auch im Fall, dass er verhältnismässig viel Wasser enthält, ähnlich wie ein trockenes Gut an und kann daher auch bei verhältnismässig hohem Wassergehalt gut mit dem organischen pflanzlichen Substrat, den Samenkörnern und sonstigen gewünschten Bestandteilen vermischt werden. Der Wassergehalt des für die Bildung der Saatgutpellets verwendeten Lösses soll mindestens etwa 10 Gew.-% und vorzugsweise mindestens 12 Gew.-% des feuchten Lösses, d.h. des gesamten Lössgewichts betragen. Der Wasser¬ gehalt des Lösses kann etwa höchstens 19 oder 20 Gew.-% oder eventuell sogar bis höchstens etwa 30 Gew.-% betragen. Eventuell kann man den beim Abbau gewonnenen Löss für die Bildung der Pellets noch befeuchten und/oder trocknen.The loess used is preferably a degenerate loess. Degenerate loess occurs in superficial areas of the earth, where it has been exposed to living organisms and partially degraded so that it contains at least one natural nutrient and, in general, various such. A degraded loess can be used, for example, as loess or waste product resulting from loam or clay mining for brick products, which covers clay or clay-like masses required for the production of brick products, an insufficient consistency for the production of brick products has and is therefore relatively inexpensive available. However, loess which is not degenerated, more or less nutrient-free, may also be used for the production of the pellets, but this then requires a relatively large addition of fertilizer. The loess can possibly be sieved during the extraction in order to eliminate excessively large lumps or other "excessively large particles. The characteristic size of the dissolving particles can for example be at least on average and preferably for the majority of the particles or even for all particles than 0.1 mm and vor¬ preferably at most 0.05 mm. loess has a large particle surface can adhere to the water, the water retention capacity the greater 'is, the finer the loess and the larger accordingly its particles Loess, even if it contains a comparatively large amount of water, feels similar to a dry good and can therefore also work well with the comparatively high water content organic vegetable substrate, the seeds and other desired ingredients. The water content of the loess used to form the seed pellets should be at least about 10% by weight and preferably at least 12% by weight of the moist loess, ie the total loess weight. The water content of the loess can be approximately at most 19 or 20% by weight or possibly even up to at most approximately 30% by weight. You may still be able to moisten and / or dry the loess obtained during mining to form the pellets.
Das organische, pflanzliche, teilchenfδrmige Substrat und der ebenfalls teichenförmige Löss und die Sa en- körner werden für die Bildung der Saatgutpellets ge¬ mischt. Dieser Mischung wird vorzugsweise noch min¬ destens ein teilchenförmiger Dünger, und zwar orga¬ nischer Dünger,' beispielsweise Guano beigemischt. Eventuell kann man diesem Dünger oder einen Teil davon auch bereits dem Löss beimischen, bevor dieser mit dem organischen Substrat vermischt wird. Der Mischung kann noch mindestens ein Fungizid und vorteilhafterweise ein Gemisch von Fungiziden und/oder eventuell mindestens ein Pestizid oder ein mehrere solche aufweisendes Gemisch beigemischt werden. Des weiteren ist es vorteilhaft, der Mischung ein Netzmittel beizumischen, das beispielsweise aus mindestens einem hydrophilen Chemikalium und/oder einem als Aluginat bezeichnetem Algen-Derivat besteht und den Zweck hat, die Oberflächenspannung des in Be- rührung mit der Aussenfläche der fertigen Pellets kommenden Wassers zu senken, so dass sich auf die Pellets gelangendes Wasser, beispielsweise Tau- oder Regentropfen, rasch und möglichst gleichmässig über möglichst grosse Teile der Oberflächen der Pellets verteilt. Die Samenkörner, das organische Substrat, der Löss, der vorzugsweise vorhandene Dünger, die vorzugsweise vor¬ handenen Fungizide sowie allenfalls Pestizide und das vorzugsweise vorhandene Netzmittel können mit einer Mischvorrichtung gemischt werden, so dass eine möglichst homogene Mischung entsteht. Diese Mischung kann mit einer Pressvorrichtung, einem sogenannten Kompaktor zu Pressungen oder Agglomerat-Teilchen geformt, gepresst und agglomeriert werden, die je mindestens ein Samenkorn und vorzugsweise je mehrere Samenkörner enthalten. Die Presslinge oder Agglomerat-Teilchen können je nach Art und Grδsse der Samenkörner mindestens 2, vorzugsweise mindestens 4 und bis etwa höchstens 15 Samenkörner enthalten, wobei die Samenkörner möglichst gleichmässig auf das gesamte Volumen der Presslinge oder Agglo¬ merat-Teilchen verteilt sein sollen. Der wasserhaltige Löss dient beim und nach dem Zusammenpressen der Press¬ linge oder Agglomerat-Teilchen als Bindemittel, das die übrigen Bestandteile der Presslinge und sich selbst verhältnismässig fest miteinander verbindet. Da beim Pressvorgang Wärme freigesetzt werden" kann, soll die Pressvorrichtung derart ausgebildet und der Press¬ vorgang derart durchgeführt werden, dass die Temperatur der verschiedenen Bestandteile der Presslinge oder Agglomerat-Teilchen und insbesondere der darin vor¬ handenen Samenkörner nie über 35°C und vorzugsweise nie über 30°C steigt, damit die Keimfähigkeit der Samen¬ körner nicht beeinträchtigt wird. Die Niedrighaltung der Temperatur beim Pressen kann zudem dazu beitragen, den Wasserverlust gering zu halten, so dass der Wassergehalt des organischen Substrates und des Lösses nach dem Pressen noch mindestens annähernd gleich dem vor dem Pressen vorhandenen Wassergehalt sein kann.The organic, vegetable, particulate substrate and the pond-shaped loess and the seed grains are mixed for the formation of the seed pellets. This mixture is preferably still min¬, for example, mixed least a particulate fertilizer, namely orga nic fertilizer 'guano. It may be possible to add this loess or part of it to the loess before it is mixed with the organic substrate. At least one fungicide and advantageously a mixture of fungicides and / or possibly at least one pesticide or a mixture comprising several of these can also be mixed into the mixture. Furthermore, it is advantageous to add a wetting agent to the mixture, which consists, for example, of at least one hydrophilic chemical and / or an algae derivative called aluginate and which has the purpose of reducing the surface tension of the water coming into contact with the outer surface of the finished pellets to reduce, so that water reaching the pellets, for example dew or raindrops, is distributed quickly and as evenly as possible over the largest possible parts of the surfaces of the pellets. The seeds, the organic substrate, the loess, the preferably present fertilizer, the preferably available fungicides and possibly pesticides and the preferably present wetting agent can be mixed with a mixing device, so that the most homogeneous mixture possible. This mixture can be shaped, pressed and agglomerated with a press device, a so-called compactor, into pressings or agglomerate particles, each of which contains at least one seed and preferably each contains several seeds. Depending on the type and size of the seeds, the pellets or agglomerate particles can contain at least 2, preferably at least 4 and up to about 15 seeds at most, the seeds being supposed to be distributed as evenly as possible over the entire volume of the pellets or agglomerate particles. During and after the pressing of the pressed pieces or agglomerate particles, the water-containing loess serves as a binding agent, which binds the other components of the pressed pieces and themselves relatively firmly together. Since during the pressing process heat released "can, the pressing device is so constructed and the Press¬ operation can be performed such that the temperature of the various components of the compacts or agglomerate particles and in particular the fact handenen seeds never vor¬ above 35 ° C and preferably never rises above 30 ° C., so that the germination capacity of the seeds is not impaired, keeping the temperature low during pressing can also help to keep the water loss low, so that the water content of the organic substrate and the loess at least after pressing can be approximately the same as the water content before pressing.
Nach dem Pressen der Presslinge oder Agglomerat-Teilchen oder eventuell bereits während diesem können die Press¬ linge oder Agglomerat-Teilchen beispielsweise durch Hindurchleiten eines Luftstroms oder durch blossesAfter pressing the compacts or agglomerate particles or possibly already during this, the compacts or agglomerate particles can be, for example, by passing an air stream or by bare
Ruhenlassen bei Umgebungstemperatur wieder auf die nnoorrmmaallee eettwwaa 2200 C bis 25 C betragende Raumtemperatur abgekühlt werden.Let it rest at ambient temperature and cool it down again to the room temperature of 2200 C to 25 C.
Die Saatgutpellets können mit mindestens einem sie gegen Tierfrass schützenden Bitterstoff, vorzugsweise einem ungiftigen Bitterstoff versehen werden, wie er als Saatgut-Schutz-Präparat kommerziell erhältlich ist. Der Bitterstoff kann vor dem Pressen der Presslinge oder Agglomerat-Teilchen der die Samenkörner, das organische Substrat und den Löss aufweisenden Mischung beigemischt werden. Der Bitterstoff kann jedoch in vorteilhafter Weise auch zum Teil oder vollständig erst nach der Herstellung der Presslinge oder Agglomerat-Teilchen auf diese aufgebracht werden, so dass diese einen Kern bilden, dessen ganze Oberfläche mit einem bitterstoff- haltigen Mantel überzogen ist. Der Kern weist dann vorzugsweise eine kleinere Bitterstoffkonzentration auf als der bitterstoffhaltige Mantel oder enthält gar keinen Bitterstoff.The seed pellets can be provided with at least one bitter substance which protects them against animal damage, preferably a non-toxic bitter substance, as is commercially available as a seed protection preparation. The bitter substance can be admixed with the mixture comprising the seeds, the organic substrate and the loess before pressing the compacts or agglomerate particles. However, the bitter substance can advantageously also be applied in part or in full only after the compacts or agglomerate particles have been produced, so that they form a core, the entire surface of which is coated with a coating containing bitter substances. The core then preferably has a lower bitter substance concentration than the bitter substance-containing sheath or contains no bitter substance at all.
Auf den vorzugsweise vorhandenen, ersten, inneren, Bitterstoff aufweisenden Mantel kann ein zweiter, äusserer, filmartiger, sich über die ganze Pellet-Ober-, fläche erstreckender und die äussere Begrenzung des Pel¬ lets bildender Mantel aufgebracht werden, der zur Beein- flussung des Stoffdurchgangs durch die Aussenfläche die fertigen Saatgutpellets dient. Dieser zweite Mantel soll derart semipermeabel sein, dass Wasser von aussen durch ihn hindurch in den Kern des betreffenden Saatgutpellets eintreten kann, dass er aber mindestens einen Teil der im Kern vorhandenen wasserlöslichen Substanzen, ins- besondere die Fungizide und/oder Pestizide, vorzugsweise auch die Nährstoffe und vorzugsweise alle wasserlös¬ lichen Bestandteile des Kerns, mindestens teilweise und vorzugsweise möglichst vollständig am Austreten aus dem Pellet hindert. Der zweite Mantel soll ferner derart beschaffen sein, dass er zumindest dann, wenn sich das betreffende Saatgutpellet in einer trocknen Umgebung befindet, mindestens den Austritt von flüssigem Wasser und vorzugsweise auch den Austritt von Wasserdampf aus dem Pellet hemmt und möglichst weitgehend verhindert. Der zweite Mantel kann jedoch beispielsweise soweit gasdurchlässig ein, dass zum Auskeimen der Samen und Wachsen der Keimlinge nötige Luft von aussen in das Pellet eindringen kann. Ferner soll der zweite Mantel auch das Herauswachsen der Keime aus dem Saatgutpellet möglichst wenig behindern. Der zweite Mantel kann mindestens zum Teil oder vollständig aus einem porösen Material bestehen, das in einer feuchten Umgebung aufquillt, so dass sich seine Poren erweitern, und das sich in einer trocknen Umgebung zusammenzieht, so dass sich die Poren verengen und/oder vollständig schliessen. Ein solche Eigenschaften ergebendes, im folgenden als semipermeables Material bezeichnetes Material kann beispielsweise aus natürlichem Latex und/oder mindestens einer Stärke gebildet sein. Geeignete Stärken sind bei¬ spielsweise Stärken von Getreidesamen, wie eiweissreiche Getreidestärke und Maisstärke, oder Stärke aus Samen der Brotfrucht, die auch als Johannisbrot bekannt ist.A second, outer, film-like sheath, which extends over the entire pellet surface and forms the outer boundary of the pellet, can be applied to the preferably existing, inner, bitter substance-containing sheath, which is used to influence the Passage of material through the outer surface serves the finished seed pellets. This second jacket should be so semipermeable that water can enter the core of the seed pellet in question through it from the outside, but that it contains at least part of the water-soluble substances present in the core. in particular the fungicides and / or pesticides, preferably also the nutrients and preferably all water-soluble constituents of the core, at least partially and preferably as completely as possible prevent them from emerging from the pellet. The second jacket should also be such that at least when the seed pellet in question is in a dry environment, it at least inhibits the escape of liquid water and preferably also the escape of water vapor from the pellet and prevents it as far as possible. However, the second casing can be gas-permeable, for example, to the extent that air necessary for germinating the seeds and growing the seedlings can penetrate into the pellet from the outside. Furthermore, the second coat should also prevent the germs from growing out of the seed pellet as little as possible. The second jacket can be made, at least in part or in its entirety, of a porous material that swells in a moist environment so that its pores expand and that contracts in a dry environment so that the pores narrow and / or completely close. Such a material resulting properties, hereinafter referred to as semipermeable material, can for example be formed from natural latex and / or at least one starch. Suitable starches are, for example, starches from cereal seeds, such as protein-rich cereal starch and corn starch, or starch from seeds of the breadfruit, which is also known as carob.
Wenn die Presslinge mit Bitterstoff überzogen werden sollen, kann dieser in einem beispielsweise wässerigen Lösungsmittel gelöst und in Form einer eventuell noch anderer Zusätze enthaltenden Lösung auf die Presslinge aufgesprüht werden. Danach kann durch Trocknen der aufgesprühten Lösung der bitterstoffartige Mantel - 10 -If the compacts are to be coated with bitter substance, this can be dissolved in an aqueous solvent, for example, and sprayed onto the compacts in the form of a solution which may contain other additives. Thereafter, by drying the sprayed solution, the bitter substance-like coat - 10 -
gebildet werden. Das semipermeable Material, d.h. die Stärke und/oder der Latex, kann ebenfalls in Form einer vorzugsweise wässerigen Lösung auf die Presslinge aufgesprüht und eingetrocknet werden. Zum Trocknen der aufgesprühten Lösungsschichten kann jeweils beispiels¬ weise Luft durch die besprühten Presslinge hindurch geleitet werden.be formed. The semipermeable material, i.e. the starch and / or the latex can also be sprayed onto the compacts in the form of a preferably aqueous solution and dried. For drying the sprayed solution layers, for example, air can be passed through the sprayed compacts.
Es wäre auch möglich, auf den zweiten, semipermeablen Mantel noch einen Bitterstoff-Mantel aufzubringen. Eventuell könnte man sogar noch mehr Mäntel versehen, so dass abwechselnd ein Bitterstoff-Mantel und ein semipermeabler Mantel aufeinander folgen. Es bestünde aber auch die Möglichkeit, eine wässerige, sowohl den Bitterstoff als auch das semipermeable Material enthal¬ tende Lösung zu bilden, diese auf die Presslinge zu sprühen und zu trocknen. In diesem Fall kann ein den Kern u schliessender Mantel entstehen, der Bitterstoff und auch semipermealbles Material enthält. Falls es für die Art des Bitterstoffs und/oder des semipermeablen Ma¬ terials erforderlich oder vorteilhaft sein sollte, könnte man sie zum überziehen der Presslinge in Form einer nicht-wässerigen Lösung oder einer Suspension auf die Presslinge aufsprühen oder in einer anderen Weise auftragen.It would also be possible to apply a bitter substance coat to the second, semipermeable coat. Possibly you could even add more coats, so that alternately a bitter substance coat and a semi-permeable coat follow each other. However, there would also be the possibility of forming an aqueous solution containing both the bitter substance and the semi-permeable material, spraying it onto the compacts and drying it. In this case, a jacket can be formed which closes the core and contains bittern and semi-permeable material. If it should be necessary or advantageous for the type of bitter substance and / or the semipermeable material, it could be sprayed onto the pressed parts in the form of a non-aqueous solution or a suspension or applied in another way to coat the pressed parts.
Der Anteil der Samenkörner am Gewicht der Pellet-Kerne und am nur geringfügig grösseren Gesamtgewicht der Pellets kann etwa mindestens 0,5 Gew.-% oder eventuell mindestens 1,5 Gew.-% bis höchstens etwa 5 Gew.-% oder höchstens etwa 4 Gew.-% betragen. Die Wassergehalte des organischen Substrates und des Lösses können nach der Fertigstellung der Pellets ungefähr gleich den vorgängig für die entsprechenden Ausgangsmaterialien angegebenen Werten sein. Die Gewichtsanteile des organischen Substra- tes und des Lösses am Gesamtgewicht der Pellets hängen natürlich vom momentanen Wassergehalt des organischen Substrates und Lösses ab und können je mindestens etwa 30 Gew.-% und höchstens etwa 60 Gew.-% der Kerne oder der gesamten Pellets betragen. Die Gewichtsanteile des Substrates und des Lösses betragen vorzugsweise je mindestens etwa 40 Gew.-% und vorzugsweise je höchstens etwa 55 Gew.-% der Pellet-Kerne oder der gesamten Pellets. Der Anteil des wasserhaltigen organischen Substrates kann beispielsweise ungefähr 44 bis 48 Gew.-% und derjenigen des wasserhaltigen Lösses ungefähr 46 bis 50 Gew.-% der Pellet-Kerne oder der gesamten Pellets betragen. Der gewichtsmässige Anteil des Lösses ist also beispielsweise ungefähr gleich gross wie derjenige des organischen Substrates und/oder ein wenig grösser. Der Anteil der natürlichen Nährstoffe eines degenerierten Lösses ist von der Herkunft des Lösses abhängig und beträgt höchstens oder ungefähr 2 Gew.-% und üblicherweise höchstens oder ungefähr 1 Gew.-% des gesamten Lösses. Der Anteil des zusätzlich beigefügten, vorzugsweise organischen Düngers kann je nach dem natürlichen Nährstoffgehalt des Lösses mindestens etwa 1 Gew.-% des Lösses bzw. mindestens etwa 0,5 Gew.-% der gesamten Pellets und höchstens etwa 4 Gew.-% des Lösses bzw. höchstens etwa 2 Gew.-% der Pellets und beispiels¬ weise höchstens oder ungefähr 2 Gew.-% des Lösses bzw. höchstens oder ungefähr 1 Gew.-% der gesamten Pellets betragen. Der aus dem vorzugsweise vorhandenen, natür¬ lichen Nährstoffgehalt des Lösses und dem zusätzlich beigefügten Dünger resultierende, gesamte Nährstoff¬ gehalt kann dann etwa 0,5 bis 2,5 Gew.-% und beispiels¬ weise ungefähr 1 Gew.-% der gesamten Pellets betragen, was ungefähr 2 Gew.-% des Lösses entspricht. Die Fungi¬ zide und Pestizide können zusammen etwa 0,2 bis 0,4 Gew.-% der Kerne oder der gesamten Pellets betragen. Der Netzmittelanteil kann typischerweise mindestens 1 Gew.-% und beispielsweise mindestens 1,5 Gew.-% und höchstens etwa 2 Gew.-% der Kerne oder der gesamten Pellets betragen. Der Anteil des in den Kernen und/oder in den Mänteln vorhandenen Bitterstoffs kann etwa mindestens 0,1 Gew.-%, höchstens etwa 0,5 Gew.-% und vorzugsweise höchstens 0,3 Gew.-% der Kerne oder der gesamten Pellets betragen. Der Anteil des semipermeablen Materials kann mindestens 0,2 Gew.-%, höchstens 1 Gew.-% und beispielsweise etwa 0,4 bis 0,6 Gew.-% der gesamten Pellets betragen, so dass der Anteil der übrigen Pellet- Bestandteile dementsprechend mindestens 99 Gew.-% und beispielsweise etwa 99,4 bis 99,6 Gew.-% der gesamten Pellets betragen kann. Wenn das semipermeable Material für sich allein, d.h. ohne Bitterstoff, einen filmar¬ tigen Mantel bildet, kann dessen Dicke beispielsweise höchstens etwa 0,1 mm oder weniger betragen.The proportion of the seeds in the weight of the pellet kernels and in the only slightly larger total weight of the pellets can be about at least 0.5% by weight or possibly at least 1.5% by weight to at most about 5% by weight or at most about 4 % By weight. The water content of the organic substrate and the loess can be approximately equal to the values previously given for the corresponding starting materials after the completion of the pellets. The weight percentages of the organic substrate The amount and the loess on the total weight of the pellets naturally depend on the instantaneous water content of the organic substrate and loess and can each be at least about 30% by weight and at most about 60% by weight of the cores or the entire pellet. The weight percentages of the substrate and the loess are preferably at least about 40% by weight and preferably at most about 55% by weight of the pellet cores or the entire pellets. The proportion of the water-containing organic substrate can be, for example, approximately 44 to 48% by weight and that of the water-containing loess approximately 46 to 50% by weight of the pellet cores or of the total pellets. The proportion by weight of the loess is, for example, approximately the same as that of the organic substrate and / or a little larger. The proportion of natural nutrients in a degenerate loess depends on the origin of the loess and is at most or approximately 2% by weight and usually at most or approximately 1% by weight of the total loess. The proportion of the additionally added, preferably organic fertilizer can, depending on the natural nutrient content of the loess, be at least about 1% by weight of the loess or at least about 0.5% by weight of the total pellets and at most about 4% by weight of the loess or at most about 2% by weight of the pellets and, for example, at most or about 2% by weight of the loess or at most or about 1% by weight of the total pellets. The total nutrient content resulting from the preferably present natural nutrient content of the loess and the additionally added fertilizer can then be about 0.5 to 2.5% by weight and for example about 1% by weight of the total pellets amount, which corresponds to approximately 2% by weight of the loess. The fungicides and pesticides can together amount to about 0.2 to 0.4% by weight of the kernels or the entire pellets. The proportion of wetting agent can typically be at least 1% by weight and, for example, at least 1.5% by weight and at most about 2% by weight of the cores or the entire pellets. The proportion of the bitter substance present in the kernels and / or in the jackets can be about at least 0.1% by weight, at most about 0.5% by weight and preferably at most 0.3% by weight of the kernels or of the total pellets be. The proportion of the semipermeable material can be at least 0.2% by weight, at most 1% by weight and, for example, about 0.4 to 0.6% by weight of the total pellets, so that the proportion of the other pellet components accordingly can be at least 99% by weight and, for example, about 99.4 to 99.6% by weight of the total pellets. If the semipermeable material on its own, ie without bitter substance, forms a film-like sheath, its thickness can be at most about 0.1 mm or less, for example.
Der mindestens etwa die Hälfte des pflanzlichen, or- ganischen Substrates der aus der Schweizerpatentschrift 561 021 bekannten Pellets ersetzende Löss dient sowohl als Bindemittel als auch als Wasserspeicher. Der Löss ergibt dabei eine feste und abriebbeständigere Verbin¬ dung der Pellet-Bestandteile als das Bindemittel der aus der Schweizer-Patentschrift 561 021 bekannten Pellets, was unter anderem darauf zurückzuführen ist, dass der prozentuale Lδssgehalt der erfindungsge ässen Pellets wesentlich grösser sein kann, als der Bindemittelgehalt der bekannten Pellets. Der Löss hat vor allem jedoch den Vorteil, dass er sehr gute Wasserspeichereigenschaften hat, und nicht nur verhältnismässig viel Wasser aufneh¬ men, sondern dieses auch nahezu vollständig, nämlich bis auf einen etwa 2 bis 3 Gew.-% seines Eigengewichts betragenden Anteil wieder abgeben kann. Wenn als Löss ein degenerierter Löss verwendet wird, wie es Vorzugs- weise der Fall ist, sind die in diesem Löss vorhandenen Nährstoffe fördernd für das Wachstum der Keimlinge.The loess replacing at least about half of the vegetable, organic substrate of the loess known from the Swiss patent 561 021 serves both as a binder and as a water reservoir. The loess results in a stronger and more abrasion-resistant connection of the pellet components than the binder of the pellets known from Swiss patent specification 561 021, which can be attributed, among other things, to the fact that the percentage release content of the pellets according to the invention can be significantly greater than the binder content of the known pellets. Above all, however, the loess has the advantage that it has very good water storage properties and not only absorbs a relatively large amount of water, but also releases it almost completely, namely up to a proportion of about 2 to 3% by weight of its own weight can. If a degenerate loess is used as loess, as preferred As is the case, the nutrients present in this loess are beneficial for the growth of the seedlings.
Der semipermeable Mantel kann ebenfalls zur Verbesserung des Wasserhaushalts beitragen, da sich seine Poren in einer trocknen Umgebung verengen oder schliessen und in einer feuchten Umgebung erweitern. Zudem können im Pellet vorhandene, wasserlösliche Substanzen eine osmotische Wirkung ergeben, so dass in einer trockenen Umgebung dann höchstens wenig Wasser durch den semi¬ permeablen Mantel hindurch aus dem Pellet austritt, während bei einer Benetzung des Pellets von aussen Wasser gut in dieses eindringen kann. Zudem kann der Mantel eventuell ebenfalls noch dazu beitragen, den Zusammenhalt eines einzelnen Pellets und die Abrieb¬ festigkeit zu vergrössern.The semi-permeable sheath can also help improve water balance by narrowing or closing its pores in a dry environment and expanding in a damp environment. In addition, water-soluble substances present in the pellet can result in an osmotic effect, so that in a dry environment at most little water emerges from the pellet through the semi-permeable jacket, while water can penetrate well into the pellet from the outside. In addition, the jacket can possibly also contribute to increasing the cohesion of an individual pellet and the abrasion resistance.
Ein wesentlicher Vorteil der vorliegenden Erfindung besteht darin, dass nicht nur Pellets mit Gras- und Kleesamen, wie es bereits bekannt ist, sondern auch gut keimfähige Pellets mit Samen von vielen andern Wild- und Kulturpflanzen, wie Forstsamen, Samen von Trocken-Reis, Hart-Weizen, Sesam und Hülsenfrüchten gebildet werden können. Dabei können auch beim Aussäen der Pellets in verhältnismässig trocknen Gebieten gute Ergebnisse erzielt werden. Zudem sind die Pellets beim Transport und Aussäen resistent gegen Bruch und Abrieb.A major advantage of the present invention is that not only pellets with grass and clover seeds, as is already known, but also well-germinated pellets with seeds from many other wild and crop plants, such as forest seeds, seeds of dry rice, hard - Wheat, sesame and legumes can be formed. Good results can also be achieved when sowing the pellets in relatively dry areas. The pellets are also resistant to breakage and abrasion during transport and sowing.
Erfindungsgemässe Saatgutpellets können beispielsweise folgende Zusammensetzung haben:Seed pellets according to the invention can have the following composition, for example:
2 Gew.-% Samen von Bermudagras2% by weight Bermuda grass seeds
48 Gew.-% natürlicher, unbehandelter, degenerier¬ ter, wasserhaltiger Löss, beispielsweise vom Bruderholz, einem Waldgebiet bei Basel, Schweiz 1 Gew.-% Dünger, nämlich Guano48% by weight of natural, untreated, degenerated, water-containing loess, for example from Bruderholz, a forest area near Basel, Switzerland 1% by weight of fertilizer, namely guano
0,3 Gew.-% mindestens eines Fungizides und/oder eventuell Pestizides, beispielsweise des unter der Marke CAPTAFOL von der Firma Sandoz AG, Basel, Schweiz hergestellten Fungizid/Pestizid-0.3% by weight of at least one fungicide and / or possibly pesticide, for example the fungicide / pesticide produced under the brand CAPTAFOL by Sandoz AG, Basel, Switzerland
Misch-Produkts 1,5 Gew.-% eines oberflächenaktiven, hydrophilen Netzmittels, beispielsweise des unter der Marke SANDOVIT von der Firma Sandoz AG, Basel, Schweiz erhältlichen, auf Glyzerinbasis hergestelltenMixed product 1.5% by weight of a surface-active, hydrophilic wetting agent, for example the glycerine-based product available under the brand SANDOVIT from Sandoz AG, Basel, Switzerland
Chemikaliums 0,3 Gew.-% eines Bitterstoffs, beispielsweise des unter der Marke CURB von der Firma Sphere Laboratories (LONDON) Ltd, London, Grossbritan- nien hergestellten und in der Schweiz durch dieChemical 0.3 wt .-% of a bitter substance, for example that manufactured under the brand CURB by Sphere Laboratories (LONDON) Ltd, London, Great Britain and in Switzerland by
Firma Plüss-Staufer AG, Oftringen, vertriebenen Saatgut-Schutz-Präparates 0,5 Gew.-% natürlicher Latex als semipermeables Ma¬ terial Rest (46,4 Gew.-%) Heumehl als organisches Substrat.Plüss-Staufer AG, Oftringen, sold seed protection preparation 0.5% by weight of natural latex as a semi-permeable material remainder (46.4% by weight) of hay flour as an organic substrate.
Die Samenkörner, das Heumehl, der Löss, der Dünger, die Fungizide und allenfalls vorhandenen Pestizide, das Neztmittel und eventuell auch noch ganz oder teilweise der Bitterstoff wurden in einer Mischvorrichtung gut miteinander gemischt. Aus dieser Mischung wurden dann mittels einer Pressvorrichtung mit zwei sich gegenläufig drehenden Formwalzen Presslinge im Gewicht von 3,5 bis 7 g hergestellt. Diese wurden mit dem Bitterstoff, so- weit dieser nicht bereits allenfalls in die Mischung eingebracht worden war, und mit dem Latex überzogen. Es soll bei der ganzen Herstellung der Pellets darauf ge¬ achtet werden, dass die Temperatur nie höher wird alsThe seeds, the hay flour, the loess, the fertilizer, the fungicides and any pesticides present, the neutralizing agent and possibly also all or part of the bitter substance were mixed well in a mixing device. From this mixture, compacts weighing 3.5 to 7 g were then produced by means of a pressing device with two counter-rotating forming rollers. These were coated with the bitter substance, insofar as this had not already been introduced into the mixture, and with the latex. Care should be taken during the entire production of the pellets that the temperature never becomes higher than
30°C. Bei einem weiteren Beispiel haben die Pellets folgende Zusammensetzung:30 ° C. In another example, the pellets have the following composition:
4 Gew.-% klein-kalibrigen Mais-Samen 47,4 Gew.-% degenerierten Löss, beispielsweise vom Bruderholz bei Basel, Schweiz 0,3 Gew.-% der im ersten Beispiel genannten Fungi¬ zide und/oder eventuell Pestizide 1,5 Gew.-% des im ersten Beispiel genannten Netz- mittels4% by weight of small-caliber maize seeds 47.4% by weight of degenerate loess, for example from Bruderholz near Basel, Switzerland 0.3% by weight of the fungicides and / or pesticides 1 mentioned in the first example, 5% by weight of the wetting agent mentioned in the first example
1 Gew.-% Dünger, nämlich Guano1% by weight of fertilizer, namely guano
0,3 Gew.-% des im ersten Beispiel beschriebenen0.3% by weight of that described in the first example
Bitterstoffs 0,5 Gew.-% eiweissreiche Getreidestärke als semi- permeables MaterialBitterstoff 0.5 wt .-% protein-rich cereal starch as a semi-permeable material
Rest (45 Gew.-%) Strohmehl, beispielsweise Mais- Stroh, als organisches Substrat.Rest (45% by weight) of straw flour, for example maize straw, as an organic substrate.
Die Herstellung der Pellets kann in analoger Weise erfolgen wie beim ersten Beispiel, indem man zuerst die zur Bildung der Kerne dienender Komponenten möglichst homogen mischt und mit einer Pressvorrichtung, einem sogenannten Kompaktor zu Pressungen oder Agglomerat- Teilchen presst und agglomeriert. Der Bitterstoff kann wiederum der zur Bildung der Kerne dienenden Mischung beigemischt oder teilweise oder vollständig nach der Formung der Kerne als Überzug auf diese aufgebracht werden. Die Getreidestärke wird wiederum als Überzug auf die Kerne aufgebracht, so dass sie, eventuell zusammen mit dem Bitterstoff, einen Mantel bildet, der die Pellets aussen begrenzt.The pellets can be produced in a manner analogous to that in the first example, by first mixing the components used to form the cores as homogeneously as possible and pressing and agglomerating with a press device, a so-called compactor, to presses or agglomerate particles. The bitter substance can in turn be admixed with the mixture used to form the kernels, or applied partially or completely as a coating to the kernels after the kernels have been formed. The cereal starch is in turn applied to the kernels as a coating, so that it, possibly together with the bitter substance, forms a coat which delimits the pellets from the outside.
Der Wassergehalt des organischen Substrates und Lösses der gemäss dieser Beispiele hergestellten Saatgutpellets kann in den weiter vorn angegebenen Bereichen liegen und ist derart bemessen, dass die Samen nicht auskeimen, solange die Saatgutpellets in einer trocknen- Umgebung mit einer luftdurchlässigen Verpackung, beispielsweise Jutesäcken gelagert werden. Die Saatgutpellets können beim Säen von Hand oder maschinell oder auch vom Flugzeug aus ausgestreut werden. Sobald die Feuchtigkeit der Umgebung der Pellets eine gewisse Grenze über¬ schreitet, wird Wasser vom' Pellet aufgenommen, wobei der Wassergehalt im organischen Substrat und/oder Löss bis zur Sättigung ansteigen kann. Danach beginnt der Samen zu keimen, wobei die Bitterstoffe verhindern, dass die Keimlinge von Tieren gefressen werden, während die Fungizide und/oder Pestizide den Samen gegen Pilze und ähnliche Schädlinge schützen.The water content of the organic substrate and loess of the seed pellets produced according to these examples can be in the ranges given above and is dimensioned such that the seeds do not germinate as long as the seed pellets are stored in a dry environment with air-permeable packaging, for example jute sacks. The seed pellets can be spread by hand or by machine or from an airplane. As soon as the moisture in the vicinity of the pellets exceeds a certain limit, water is taken up by the pellet, the water content in the organic substrate and / or loess being able to rise to saturation. The seed then begins to germinate, the bitter substances preventing the seedlings from being eaten by animals, while the fungicides and / or pesticides protect the seed against fungi and similar pests.
Selbstverständlich können die Pellets in analoger Weise noch mit einer Vielzahl anderer Samenarten versehen werden. Ferner kann man als pflanzliches Substrat statt des in den beiden Beispielen angegebenen Heu- oder Strohmehls auch gemahlene Algen oder Laubmassen oder sonst irgendwelche nicht verholzten Plfanzenbestandteile verwenden. Anstelle des in den Beispielen angegebenen Bitterstoffs könnte beispielsweise auch ein Bitterstoff auf Sojabasis verwendet werden. Ferner könnten die Pellets statt des in den Beispielen angegebenen Netz¬ mittels oder zusätzlich zu diesem als hydrophiles Netzmittel ein Fettsäure-Glyzerin-Derivat und/oder ein Formaldehydharz und/oder ein als Aluginat bezeichnetes Algen-Derivat aufweisen. Of course, the pellets can be provided with a variety of other types of seeds in an analogous manner. In addition, instead of the hay or straw meal specified in the two examples, ground algae or leaves or other non-woody plant components can also be used as the vegetable substrate. Instead of the bitter substance specified in the examples, a soya-based bitter substance could also be used, for example. Furthermore, instead of the wetting agent specified in the examples or in addition to this as a hydrophilic wetting agent, the pellets could have a fatty acid-glycerol derivative and / or a formaldehyde resin and / or an algae derivative called aluginate.

Claims

PATENTANPRÜCHE PATENT CLAIMS
1. Saatgutpellets mit je mindestens einem Samenkorn und einem organischen Substrat, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie Löss enthalten.1. seed pellets each with at least one seed and an organic substrate, characterized in that they contain loess.
2. Saatgutpellets nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekenn¬ zeichnet, dass der Anteil der Lösses mindestens 30 Gew.-% und höchstens 60 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise minde¬ stens 40 Gew.-% und vorzugsweise höchstens 55 Gew.-% und beispielsweise 46 bis 50 Gew.-% der gesamten Saatgut¬ pellets beträgt.2. Seed pellets according to claim 1, characterized in that the proportion of loesses is at least 30% by weight and at most 60% by weight, preferably at least 40% by weight and preferably at most 55% by weight and for example Is 46 to 50% by weight of the total seed pellets.
3. Saatgutpellets nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Löss degeneriert ist und vor¬ zugsweise zumindest einen natürlichen Nährstoff enthält, wobei der natürliche Nährstoffanteil beispielsweise mindestens 0,1 Gew.-% des Lösses beträgt.3. Seed pellets according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the loess is degenerate and preferably contains at least one natural nutrient, the natural nutrient content being, for example, at least 0.1% by weight of the loess.
4. Saatgutpellets nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie Dünger, vorzugsweise organischen Dünger, beispielsweise Guano, und/oder mindestens ein Fungizid und/oder Pestizid und/oder ein Netzmittel zum Senken der Oberflächenspannung von Wasser aufweisen, wobei das allenfalls vorhandene Netzmittel beispielsweise mindestens ein hydrophiles Chemikalium und/oder ein Algen-Derivat aufweist und wobei der Anteil des allenfalls vorhandenen Netzmittels beispielsweise mindestens 1 Gew.-% oder eventuell mindestens 1,5 Gew.-% und beispielsweise höchstens 2 Gew.-% der Saatgutpellets beträgt.4. Seed pellets according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that they have fertilizers, preferably organic fertilizers, for example guano, and / or at least one fungicide and / or pesticide and / or a wetting agent for lowering the surface tension of water, the any wetting agent present, for example, has at least one hydrophilic chemical and / or an algae derivative, and the proportion of any wetting agent present, for example, is at least 1% by weight or possibly at least 1.5% by weight and for example at most 2% by weight of the Seed pellets.
5. Saatgutpellets nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, gekennzeichnet durch mindestens einen Bitterstoff, wobei dieser vorzugsweise ungiftig ist und vorzugsweise mindestens zum Teil und beispielsweise vollständig in einem Mantel angeordnet ist, der einen jedes Samenkorn, das organische Substrat und den Löss aufweisenden Kern umschliesst, und wobei der Bitterstoffanteil vorzugs¬ weise mindestens 0,1 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise höchstens 0,5 Gew.-% und beispielsweise höchstens 0,3 Gew.-% der Saatgutpellets beträgt.5. seed pellets according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized by at least one bitter substance, which is preferably non-toxic and is preferably arranged at least in part and, for example, completely in a jacket which surrounds each core containing the seed, the organic substrate and the loess, and wherein the bitter substance fraction is preferably at least 0, 1% by weight, preferably at most 0.5% by weight and for example at most 0.3% by weight of the seed pellets.
6. Saatgutpellets mit je mindestens einem Samenkorn und einem organischen Substrat, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie einen mindestens die genannten Bestandteile aufwei¬ senden Kern und einen diesen umschliessenden, semiper- meablen Mantel aufweisen.6. Seed pellets each with at least one seed and an organic substrate, characterized in that they have a core having at least the above-mentioned constituents and a semipermeable shell surrounding them.
7. Saatgutpellets nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekenn¬ zeichnet, dass der semipermeable Mantel Latex und/oder zumindest eine Stärke, beispielsweise Stärke von Getrei- desamen oder Brotfruchtsamen aufweist.7. seed pellets according to claim 6, characterized gekenn¬ characterized in that the semipermeable coat latex and / or at least one starch, for example starch of cereal seeds or breadfruit seeds.
8. Saatgutpellets nach Anspruch 6 oder 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Anteil des im semipermeablen Mantel vorhandenen, semipermeablen Materials mindestens 0,2 Gew.-%, höchstens 1 Gew.-% und beispielsweise 0,4 bis 0,6 Gew.-% der Saatgutpellets beträgt.8. Seed pellets according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the proportion of the semipermeable material present in the semipermeable sheath is at least 0.2% by weight, at most 1% by weight and for example 0.4 to 0.6% by weight. % of the seed pellets.
9. Verfahren zur Herstellung von Saatgutpellets, bei dem aus mindestens je einem Samenkorn und einem orga- nischen Substrat Saatgutpellets geformt werden, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das organische Substrat vor der Formung der Saatgutpellets mit Löss vermischt wird.9. A process for the production of seed pellets, in which seed pellets are formed from at least one seed and one organic substrate, characterized in that the organic substrate is mixed with loess before the seed pellets are formed.
10. Verfahren zur Herstellung von Saatgutpellets, bei dem aus mindestens je einem Samenkorn und einem orga- nischen Substrat Saatgutpellets geformt werden, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass aus mindestens den genannten Bestandteilen geformte Kerne mit einem semipermeablen Mantel überzogen werden. 10. Process for the production of seed pellets, in which at least one seed and one organic African substrate seed pellets are formed, characterized in that cores formed from at least the constituents mentioned are coated with a semipermeable sheath.
EP85902434A 1984-06-12 1985-06-03 Seed pellets and process for their manufacture Withdrawn EP0182820A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH2826/84 1984-06-12
CH2826/84A CH665549A5 (en) 1984-06-12 1984-06-12 METHOD FOR PRODUCING SEED PELLETS.

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0182820A1 true EP0182820A1 (en) 1986-06-04

Family

ID=4242467

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP84810443A Expired EP0164484B1 (en) 1984-06-12 1984-09-12 Method for the production of pelletized seeds
EP85902434A Withdrawn EP0182820A1 (en) 1984-06-12 1985-06-03 Seed pellets and process for their manufacture

Family Applications Before (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP84810443A Expired EP0164484B1 (en) 1984-06-12 1984-09-12 Method for the production of pelletized seeds

Country Status (11)

Country Link
US (1) US4759151A (en)
EP (2) EP0164484B1 (en)
AU (1) AU4404485A (en)
CH (1) CH665549A5 (en)
DE (1) DE3472199D1 (en)
ES (1) ES8702108A1 (en)
GR (1) GR851417B (en)
PT (1) PT80637B (en)
WO (1) WO1986000001A1 (en)
YU (1) YU97885A (en)
ZA (1) ZA854437B (en)

Families Citing this family (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SE8701099A0 (en) * 1987-03-17 1988-09-18 Neidhardt Dieter Wilhelm Martin Såkapsel
CH677428A5 (en) * 1989-01-25 1991-05-31 Christian Schneider
WO1991003149A1 (en) * 1989-09-08 1991-03-21 E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Water retentive matrix incorporating plastic for growing seeds and plants
US5127186A (en) * 1990-07-02 1992-07-07 Advanced Biotechnology, Inc. Encapsulated earthworm cocoons
WO1992019095A1 (en) * 1991-05-09 1992-11-12 E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Plant growing matrix
WO1997024918A1 (en) * 1996-01-05 1997-07-17 Monsanto Company A product for use in agriculture or horticulture
US6209259B1 (en) * 1997-07-11 2001-04-03 Encap, Llc Seeding treatments
DE19747238A1 (en) * 1997-10-25 1999-04-29 Hanjo Dr Kreitz Seed with seed protection cover can germinate and root without human care
US6745513B2 (en) 1998-07-10 2004-06-08 Encap, Llc. Agglomerated mulch carrier
US6706283B1 (en) * 1999-02-10 2004-03-16 Pfizer Inc Controlled release by extrusion of solid amorphous dispersions of drugs
NL1012918C2 (en) * 1999-08-26 2001-02-27 Incotec Internat B V Method for protecting seed to be germinated and pesticide-containing pill.
JP4476442B2 (en) * 2000-06-20 2010-06-09 アグリテクノ矢崎株式会社 Prevention of growth failure by rosette of eustoma
DE10030793B4 (en) * 2000-06-29 2005-01-27 Maximilian Bauknecht Plant pellets and their use
ES2192932B1 (en) * 2001-05-04 2005-02-16 Universitat Politecnica De Catalunya SEED PREPARATION METHOD FOR AGRICULTURAL CROPS, GARDENING AND REFORESTATION.
DE10259197A1 (en) * 2002-12-10 2004-07-15 Ipc Process-Center Gmbh & Co Plant seed pellets, comprising seed(s) encapsulated in mixture of water-soluble binder and natural lignocellulose fibers containing natural biocide having seed-protecting effect
EP1570715A1 (en) * 2004-03-02 2005-09-07 Eurochem N.V. Seed pellets and soils for growing plants
US7644512B1 (en) * 2006-01-18 2010-01-12 Akrion, Inc. Systems and methods for drying a rotating substrate
GB2440721A (en) 2006-08-11 2008-02-13 Univ Cambridge Tech Composite biomaterial formed by cooling a fluid composition on a porous solid and removing solidified crystals of the liquid carrier
US10798869B2 (en) 2010-04-01 2020-10-13 Ball Horticultural Company Cast pellets for planting seeds
JP2012090544A (en) * 2010-10-26 2012-05-17 Japan Carlit Co Ltd:The Pelleted/coated seed and method for producing the same

Family Cites Families (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH279548A (en) * 1949-10-19 1951-12-15 Siegmund Mandl & Cie Process for the production of seeds suitable for sowing in seed drills.
CH287484A (en) * 1949-12-19 1952-12-15 Filtrol Corp Seed comprising a coated seed.
DE943858C (en) * 1952-10-30 1956-06-01 Saat & Erntetechnik Gmbh Process for the production of husk seeds
DE1033455B (en) * 1954-04-22 1958-07-03 Saat & Erntetechnik Gmbh Method of wrapping seeds
DE1081271B (en) * 1955-08-19 1960-05-05 Saat & Erntetechnik Gmbh Method of wrapping seeds
AT271089B (en) * 1966-10-24 1969-05-27 Kultura Landw Sgesellschaft M Pilled seeds
FR2071376A5 (en) * 1969-12-24 1971-09-17 Florimond Desprez Maison Seed coating - contg peat, a clay polyvinyl acetate - and a fungicide
CA901310A (en) * 1970-02-05 1972-05-30 Schreiber Kurt Manufacture of dormant pelleted seed
US3690034A (en) * 1971-03-08 1972-09-12 Aptek Ind Inc Environmental seed cell
DE2111754A1 (en) * 1971-03-11 1972-09-21 Kleinwanzlebener Saatzucht Ag Process for improving the germination, emergence rate, terminal emergence and pillability of seeds
AU475490B2 (en) * 1973-03-26 1974-09-26 Coated Seed Ltd. Improvements in or relating to pasture establishment
JPS5521705A (en) * 1978-07-12 1980-02-16 Sumitomo Chemical Co Preparation of coated seed
US4344979A (en) * 1979-04-02 1982-08-17 Interox (Societe Anonyme) Process for the preparation of coated seeds
CH625101A5 (en) * 1979-04-04 1981-09-15 Saat & Erntetechnik Gmbh Method for the production of pilled, granulated, incrusted seed.
US4272417A (en) * 1979-05-22 1981-06-09 Cargill, Incorporated Stable protective seed coating

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO8600001A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU4404485A (en) 1986-01-10
PT80637B (en) 1987-08-19
ES544011A0 (en) 1987-01-16
EP0164484A1 (en) 1985-12-18
ES8702108A1 (en) 1987-01-16
GR851417B (en) 1985-11-25
WO1986000001A1 (en) 1986-01-03
PT80637A (en) 1985-07-01
CH665549A5 (en) 1988-05-31
DE3472199D1 (en) 1988-07-28
ZA854437B (en) 1986-02-26
EP0164484B1 (en) 1988-06-22
US4759151A (en) 1988-07-26
YU97885A (en) 1990-06-30

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP0182820A1 (en) Seed pellets and process for their manufacture
DE2618011C2 (en) Granulated urea-formaldehyde fertilizer and process for its manufacture
DE963690C (en) Means for stabilizing the ground
DE2153806C2 (en) Coated seeds and process for their manufacture
DE2623663C3 (en) Pesticide mass with regulated release of active ingredients and process for their production
EP0000160B1 (en) Process for the production of pellets from farinaceous fodder
DE1642311A1 (en) Pesticide granules and process for making these granules
CN107258813A (en) Include the agrochemical composition of zinc, sulphur and pesticide activity component
DE102013210408A1 (en) Granulated seed
DE3612161A1 (en) SNAIL LURE
DE2749637B2 (en) Porous granules and process for their manufacture
EP0380448A1 (en) Coated seed pellets
DE1667987C3 (en) Granules for agriculture and horticulture
DE4309679C2 (en) Pilled seed with a predetermined, uniform number of seeds per grain and method for its production
DE1917418A1 (en) Biocid granules
DE3150631A1 (en) Use of treated seeds for sowing
DE3334198A1 (en) NEW GRANULATE FORMULAS FOR PESTICIDES
EP0424564B1 (en) Process for coating solid materials such as grains of seed or active substances and granules obtained this way
LV11970B (en) METHOD OF FLOWER PELLING
DE3503608A1 (en) LIGHT GRAIN LURE
DE19723885C2 (en) Mulch material and process for its production
WO1996022011A1 (en) Weed-suppressing agent, method for preparing it and its use in weed control
DE1592620A1 (en) Fertilizer grain and method of making the same
DE2308229A1 (en) Sowing partially germinated seeds - by mixing seeds with fillers and transferring fillers and germinated seeds into soil
WO2006008566A1 (en) Protective coating

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE FR GB IT LI LU NL SE

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION IS DEEMED TO BE WITHDRAWN

18D Application deemed to be withdrawn

Effective date: 19860513

RIN1 Information on inventor provided before grant (corrected)

Inventor name: GERBER, DANIEL