EP0182800A1

EP0182800A1 - Improved fulling machine for the treatment of hides or other materials

Info

Publication number: EP0182800A1
Application number: EP19850901945
Authority: EP
Inventors: Claude Pillard
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1984-05-11
Filing date: 1985-05-08
Publication date: 1986-06-04
Also published as: AU4353785A; ES8607402A1; WO1985005379A1; ES543582A0

Abstract

Foulon essentiellement cylindrique caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte des supports (3, 4, 5, 6, 7) partant de la périphérie du cylindre (1) et munis d'éléments de retenue (15) montés sur lesdits supports.Essence essentially cylindrical characterized in that it comprises supports (3, 4, 5, 6, 7) starting from the periphery of the cylinder (1) and provided with retaining elements (15) mounted on said supports.

Description

PERFECTED FOULON FOR SKIN TREATMENT

OR OTHER MATERIALS The present invention relates to drums intended for treating in particular animal skins. Fullers which are currently used for the wet or dry treatment of skins, textile materials etc., are generally constituted by a hollow cylinder of large volume, slowly rotating around its horizontal axis and containing the skins and the like to be treated and possibly the treatment liquid. In this slow rotary movement, the skins or other materials are brewed while falling on themselves.

It has been sought to increase the effect of brassa¬ ge thus obtained by the adoption of certain systems. Thus bars were installed inside the cylinder, so as to multiply the re¬ turning of the skins and the like on themselves. In other cases it is pegs installed at the inner periphery of the cylinder which should ensure better stirring, but which often cause tears. In other cases, the cylinder was provided with straight planes intersecting whose common edge _^ the cylinder axis and made integral with the latter on géné¬ ratrices, the fuller thus being divided radially into a plurality of longitudinal compartments forming each ^' a dihedral having the axis for edge, (DE-A-96384 and FR-A-2395315).

The walls of these dihedrons are perforated so that, in the case of wet treatment, the circulation of the treatment liquid is ensured so that it bathes successively the skins and the like which are contained in each compartment and which are stirred in each None of them.

These different types of fullers have in common, at different levels, as the main drawback, the fact of rolling the skins and the like on themselves so much that a partial block is formed. Lely compact, which affects the processing of skins and the like which remain enclosed within the rolls thus formed.

In addition, this latter arrangement of fullers causes a constant imbalance in the charge which passes from the center of the apparatus, into the compartment which passes through the upper diameter, to go to its periphery as this same compartment passes through the diameter. ¬ be lower. It is also known for fullers whose inner wall is furnished with one or more pitches of a propeller, of the archimedean screw type, which does not include a central shaft (US-A-3659440). This device includes the disadvantage of constantly conveying the skins and the like at one of the ends of the cylinder where they are practically immobilized, after a more or less long fuller's operating time according to the pitch of said propeller. Furthermore, these fullers necessarily have an inclined axis and the materials contained therein can only be removed at the end of the cylinder. The object of the present invention is to provide a fuller which avoids these drawbacks.

Another object of the invention is to provide a fuller in which the skins and the like are not entrained on the single large circle of the cylinder corresponding to their initial position, as in the case of fullers which have no partition, or even compartmentalized fullers described above. They are also not piled up at one of the ends of the internal peripheral helix that some of the fouons already mentioned comprise.

On the contrary, the skins and the like are advantageously conveyed several times at each turn of the fuller, and alternately, towards each of the ends thereof, at the same time as they are brewed by a successive fall from the axis towards the periphery as the cylinder rotates.

M The aims of the present invention are achieved by an essentially cylindrical fuller characterized in that it comprises supports starting from the periphery of the cylinder and provided with retaining elements mounted on said support.

According to the invention, the supports may consist of at least two perforated walls which extend, for any section of the cylinder, at least partially according to the radius of the cylinder, starting from the periphery of the latter, and this, for example, by globally affecting a twisted shape.

The expression "supports" means for example a sheet provided with perforations or an arrangement of bars, slightly spaced from one another or any other equivalent means making it possible to support and entrain the skins or any other material but to allow the treatment fluid to pass, during the rotation of the cylinder.

Thus, in a preferred embodiment, the supports may consist of two perforated walls op¬ posed with respect to the cylinder axis, that s ^J extend from the periphery of the cylinder up to the axis thereof, by globally affecting a twisted shape such that the pitch of the twist is significantly greater than the length of said cylinder.

According to another embodiment of the present invention, the supports consist of at least two perforated walls which extend, for any section of cylinder, at least partially along a straight line parallel to the radius of said cylinder , starting from the periphery thereof, two walls opposite to the axis of the cylinder being offset so as to leave a passage opening between them in the center of the cylinder. By "retaining elements" is meant pegs or bars or any other means of entrainment or attachment of the material to be brewed, to the interior. laughter of the cylinder, during its rotation.

According to a particularly preferred embodiment, the pitch of the twist formed by the supports is chosen, as a function of the speed of rotation of the cylinder, so that the angle formed by the in¬ tersections of a twisted plane with each of the two ends of the cylinder is substantially less than half the angle formed by two successive walls. By way of example, said angle can reach about 90 °, when there are only two perforated walls offset by 180 ° and which meet on the axis.

Whereas, in the case of fullers with helical walls according to the state of the art, the skins, for example, are subjected to a longitudinal displacement towards one end of the fuller during their stirring in a shape as they are subjected at high voltages which risk damaging them, the skins or other materials treated in fullers according to the invention are subjected to considerably less tension and are subjected to mixing, markedly improved in a diametral direction and following a slow movement, back and forth, from one end to the other of the fuller. It has, in fact, been observed that the skins are driven by the walls or supports, by being hooked to the ankles, until the wall in question reaches its almost vertical position. Then, they fall with a component of longitudinal movement which subjects the skins to a longitudinal displacement in the fuller, which is opposed to the direction of the longitudinal movement caused by the generally twisted shape of the walls. It is then easily seen that the materials treated in the drums according to the present invention follow a movement in the form of an "8 left" arranged in space.

This favorable mixing allows a very short form of execution of the fullers according to the invention, which results in a reduction in the costs of industrial installation. It can also result in a shorter processing time, which reduces energy consumption and thus manufacturing costs.

The fuller of the present invention also allows emptying through the cylindrical periphery and through one end of the cylinder. This possibility makes it possible to reduce the size of a fuller and therefore also the costs of industrial installation.

According to an alternative embodiment, the central axis of the device is hollow and is provided with perforations which makes it possible to supply the various treatment liquids in the fuller, for example the dye baths. This gives better distribution of these treatment liquids and therefore more regular treatment.

The invention will be described in more detail below, in support of the appended drawings in which:

- Figure 1 is a schematic view of a fuller provided with the internal partitioning object of the present invention and forming two longitu¬ dinaux compartments;

- Figure 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of another embodiment of said object which has three longitudinal compartments; - Figure 3 is a schematic view showing the possibility of making the twisted planes by means of several straight planes successively organized with an angular offset from one relative to the other;

- Figure 4 is a view similar to the previous views, of another embodiment according to the invention;

- Figures 5, 6 and 7 are schematic sectional views of another embodiment.

It is obvious that the present description is given by way of example only and that it is in no way intended to limit the scope of the present invention which is determined by the appended claims.

As shown (fig.l and fig.2), the device object of the present invention consists of the sealed cylinder 1, rotating around the horizontal shaft 2 and is internally divided into at least two compartments by the radial partitions 3 and 4 diametrically aligned (Figure 1) or wedged at 120 ° from each other such as 5, 6 and 7 (Figure 2).

This shaft 2 is preferably hollow and is provided with perforations 22 (shown only in FIG. 1) which make it possible to supply various treatment liquids to the fuller.

According to the invention, the perforated walls are provided with retaining elements such as pegs which are advantageously mounted on the face of the wall on which the skins which are entrained by an adjacent wall fall down.

According to the present invention, these perfo¬ rees partitions marry a twisted shape which extends over the whole of the cylinder 1 and is integral with the central shaft 2, on the one hand, and the internal wall, on the other hand, according to a twisted curve 16 such that the pitch of the twist thus formed allows the radii of intersection of these twisted planes with each of the two bottoms of the cylin¬ dre 1 to make an angle between them which is determined according to of the desired translation speed longi- _. tudinal of the treated material and which is less than or equal

_^ at about half the dihedral angle formed by two adjacent partitions, said angle therefore being able to reach

Approximately 90 ° in the case of FIG. 1 where the partitions are diametrically aligned and approximately 60 ° in the case of FIG. 2 where the partitions are set at 120 °.

It is thus understood that in one case as in the other, during each of their falls on one of the partitions thus formed, the skins will be dragged along the inclined plane thus formed by each partition towards one of the ends of the fuller.

Now, we notice that, compared to the vertical fictitious plane AB which passes through the fuller's axis, the planes of each of the twisted partitions will alternately be inclined towards a bottom of the fuller then towards the other each time that one of these partitions 3, 4 (fig. 1) or 5, 6, 7 (fig. 2) passes through and other of said fictitious vertical plane AB.

It is therefore understood that, during each of their successive falls on each of these partitions, the skins will be driven alternately towards each of the ends of the fuller, which adds this longitudinal reciprocating sliding movement to the tipping movement due to each of these falls, facilitating the dismantling of bundles of skins which would tend to form.

It has in fact been observed that the skin packs are more easily dislocated when a partition falls on the ankles of the next partition rather than in their rolling movement on the ankles previously installed on the internal periphery. 'According to another embodiment (fig. 3), the twisted perforated partitions can be formed by a succession of flat portions of radial partitions (8,9,10,11) organized one after the other on the tree axial of the fuller and having between them an angular offset so as to form en¬ seems a generally twisted path and staircase-shaped, each of which the steps 8, 9, 10, 11 for example, is connected to the other by the corresponding risers 12, 13, 14 etc. In this case the passage of skins from one step to the other adds an additional action to the mixing previously obtained.

Pegs or other retaining means can also be installed on these wall portions and play the same role as that previously mentioned.

It is understood that the invention is not limited to the example or to the examples which have been given thereof. crits, any variant considered as equivalence which cannot modify its scope.

This is how the portions of radial partitions 8, 9, 10, 11, for example, can themselves have a twisted shape, of the same nature as that described for partitions 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7.

With reference to FIG. 4, the supports 5, 6, 7 extend, from the circumference of cylinder 1, only partially towards the center, while taking on a generally twisted shape. The supports are provided with dowels or bars 15 intended to hang the skins for example, with a view to improving their mixing. As before, the perforated supports can consist of a sheet metal provided with perforations or an arrangement of bars spaced from one another.

FIG. 5 refers to another form of execution of the invention in which the supports 3, 4 consist of at least two perforated walls which extend, for any given section of the cylinder, according to a line segment parallel to the radius of the cylinder. The supports extend towards the inside of the cylinder starting from the periphery. The two op¬ posed supports 3 and 4 are offset so as to leave an adequate opening. As previously, the supports 3, 4 are provided with pins or bars 15 and can form a twisted intersection with the wall of the cylinder 1.

Figures 6 and 7 show alternative embodiments of the shapes of Figure 5. According to Figure 6 the supports 3 and 4 provided with pins 5 affect in section the shape of an S. In Figure 7, the supports are in dihedral shape and the X and Y values will be chosen, as well as the angle a depending on the nature of the materials to be treated and the working conditions.

The present invention can be used to provide better treatment of the skin or any other material in each case where this treatment involves the use of a fuller, the device which is the subject of the present invention. vention allowing a better treatment thanks to an increased mixing and making it possible to save an important part of energy thanks to a saving of time obtained in the operation by the very fact of this better mixing, as well as by the better balancing of the masses in motion, which reduces the resisting torque in a high proportion.

Claims

1. Essence essentially cylindrical characterized in that it comprises supports (3,4,5,6,7) starting from the periphery of the cylinder (1) and provided with retaining elements (15) mounted on said supports .

2. Foulon according to claim 1 characterized in that the retaining elements (15) are mounted on the face of the support on which the materials to be treated are entrained.

3. Foulon according to claim 1 or 2 caracté¬ ized in that it comprises essentially longitudinal supports starting from the periphery of the cylinder (4) and generally affecting a twisted shape such that the pitch of the twist is in particular greater than the length of the cylinder (1).

4. Foulon according to any one of the preceding CLAIMS, characterized in that the supports consist of at least two perforated walls (3,4) which extend, for any section of the cylinder _; at least partially along the radius of the cylinder, starting from the periphery of the latter.

5. Foulon according to any one of claims 1 to 4 characterized in that the supports (3,4) consist of two twisted perforated walls opposite with respect to the axis of the cylinder, which extend from the periphery of the cylinder to the axis thereof.

6. Foulon according to any one of claims 1 to 3 characterized in that the supports consis¬ tent in at least two perforated walls (3,4, which expand for any section of the cylinder (1) , at least partially along a straight line parallel to the radius of said cylinder, starting from the periphery thereof, two supports opposite with respect to the axis of the cylinder being offset so as to leave a passage opening (20 ) ent ^1. '© them in the center of the cylinder.

7. Crowd according to any one of the claims ρ_.êcêdentss characterized in that the pitch of the

::.! ENT twist formed by the supports is chosen, as a function of the speed of rotation of the cylinder, in such a way that the angle formed by the intersections of a twisted plane with each of the two ends of the cylinder is substantially less than half of the angle formed by two successive walls.

8. Foulon according to any one of the preceding revendica¬ tions characterized in that it is provided with a drain opening at its cylindrical periphery.

9. Foulon according to any one of the preceding revendica¬ tions characterized in that it comprises a hollow central axis and provided with perforations to supply in the fuller various treatment liquids.