EP0182114B1 - Electrolysis apparatus with horizontally positioned electrodes - Google Patents
Electrolysis apparatus with horizontally positioned electrodes Download PDFInfo
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- EP0182114B1 EP0182114B1 EP85113299A EP85113299A EP0182114B1 EP 0182114 B1 EP0182114 B1 EP 0182114B1 EP 85113299 A EP85113299 A EP 85113299A EP 85113299 A EP85113299 A EP 85113299A EP 0182114 B1 EP0182114 B1 EP 0182114B1
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- cathode
- frame
- anode
- gas diffusion
- electrolysis apparatus
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
- C25B9/60—Constructional parts of cells
- C25B9/65—Means for supplying current; Electrode connections; Electric inter-cell connections
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
- C25B9/17—Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof
- C25B9/19—Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof with diaphragms
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
- C25B9/70—Assemblies comprising two or more cells
Definitions
- the invention relates to an electrolysis apparatus for producing chlorine from aqueous alkali halide solutions, which has at least one electrolysis cell, the anode and gas diffusion cathode of which are arranged horizontally and separated from one another by a partition in a housing made of two half-shells and mechanically and electrically conductively connected to the half-shells via their edges , wherein the housing is provided with means for supplying the electrolysis starting materials and for removing the electrolysis products.
- the present invention achieves the object in that the gas diffusion cathode is connected to its half-shell in a liquid-tight manner and rests on a power supply and distribution device which is arranged between the half-shell and the cathode, the dividing wall between a seal that runs between the edges of the half-shells and a parallel one arranged frame is clamped and supported on the cathode side on a spacer which rests on the cathode and is held by the frame and the frame has an inlet and outlet for the catholyte.
- Suitable as anode material is titanium, which is activated with an oxide or mixed oxide of the metals of group VIII of the periodic table.
- the diffusion cathode can consist of a current collector made of nickel fabric, which is coated with a porous, colloidal silver catalyst, which is deposited on polytetrafluoroethylene, and has a hydrophilic layer on the alkali side.
- the advantage of the arrangement according to the invention can be seen in the fact that an extremely thin lye film in the cathode compartment is sufficient. This results in a low hydrostatic leach pressure, at which only a very small, usually negligible amount of lye passes through the cathode. Since no lye has to be expelled from the gas space, the cell can be operated with the stoichiometric amount of oxygen. Furthermore, due to the low alkali pressure, a low gas pressure is also sufficient to set the three-phase gas-electrolyte and catalyst interface within the cathode. On the anode side, the rapid segregation of chlorine and anolyte greatly reduces the chlorine bubble effect.
- the relatively flexible gas diffusion cathodes are prevented from bending and different electrode spacing (e.g. due to bulging of the cathode due to the leach pressure), which leads to a will lead to uneven current distribution.
- the invention shows an electrolysis apparatus consisting of three electrolysis cells with gas diffusion cathodes 11, which are completely independent of one another and are connected to one another in an electrically conductive manner via contact points or contact strips 20.
- the advantage of this embodiment lies in the serviceability of the construction in the event of damage to a cell. By loosening the contact pressure, the defective cell can be removed from the cell assembly and then the electrolysis with the remaining cells can be resumed immediately after the contact pressure has been reset.
- the anode shell 1 can consist of titanium metal or a titanium alloy.
- the anode compartment 6 is supplied with electrolyte, for example saturated sodium chloride solution, via a feed line 5. The chlorine formed and the depleted brine are removed via the pipe 7.
- the cathode half-shell 8 Normal steel, stainless steel or nickel, but also titanium metal can be used for the cathode half-shell 8; the latter in particular because no hydrogen is produced in the electrolysis cell and thus the H 2 embrittlement of titanium cannot begin.
- the cathode current conductor 10 in the cathode half Shell 8 is the cathode current conductor 10 as a power supply and distribution device, which can be designed in the form of a corrugated tape and consists of the same material as the cathode half-shell.
- the cathode current conductor 10 carries the gas diffusion cathode 11 and connects it in an electrically conductive manner to the cathode half-shell 8.
- the gas diffusion cathode 11 preferably consists of a metal-based electrocatalyst, as described for example in EP-A-141 142, since such an electrode is also simple can be welded or soldered to the cathode current conductor.
- the gas diffusion cathode is also connected to the cathode half-shell 8 at the outer edge by soldering, welding or gluing with an electrically conductive adhesive and is sealed at the same time, so that the gas space 12 is formed below the cathode.
- An oxygen-containing gas for example elemental oxygen, air or air enriched with oxygen, is fed into the latter via a feed line 13. Excess oxygen or oxygen-depleted air is disposed of via the pipe 14. Via this pipe 14, any condensate that may occur can also be removed.
- a peripheral frame 17 made of an alkali-resistant material, which is provided with a feed line 18 for thin lye and a discharge line 19 for the strong lye.
- the preferred material is polytetrafluoroethylene, since this also ensures sealing against the cathode half-shell.
- the lye space is defined by the frame 17, the partition 15 and the cathode 11.
- a spacer 21 made of an alkali-resistant plastic, which sets a constant distance between the gas diffusion cathode 11 and the partition wall 15, for example a cation exchange membrane.
- the partition 15 is sealed off from the anode shell 1 by means of a seal 16.
- the half-shells can be connected to one another at the flanges by means of screws guided in bushings made of electrically insulating material (not shown). This makes the cell particularly easy to service and maintain. However, it is also possible to stack the individual parts of the cell one above the other and press them together in the manner of a filter press. In order to enable a better current transfer from cell to cell, the outer sides of both half-shell walls or just one half-shell wall can be provided with contact points or contact strips 20 made of an electrically conductive material. Finally, the cells assembled into an electrolysis apparatus are pressed together (not shown) via tie rods or other pressing devices. The power supplies are marked with plus and minus. The anode 3 can rest on the partition 15.
- An electrolysis cell as described above was put into operation with a gas diffusion cathode based on colloidal silver and a titanium anode in such a way that the titanium anode came to lie over the gas diffusion cathode.
- the active cathode surface, flushed with elemental oxygen, was 0.2 m 2 .
- the cell was equipped with a cation exchange membrane of the type Nafion ° 90 209. At a current density of 3 ka / m 2 , the electrolysis cell operates with a cell voltage of 2.17 V, with 1550 kwh / t NaOH of electrical energy being consumed.
- the cell is operated at 90 ° C with the stoichiometric amount of oxygen; 33% by weight sodium hydroxide solution is produced.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Metals (AREA)
- Electrodes For Compound Or Non-Metal Manufacture (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft einen Elektrolyseapparat zum Herstellen von Chlor aus wässrigen Alkalihalogenidlösungen, der mindestens eine Elektrolysezellp aufweist, deren Anode und Gasdiffusionskathode horizontal und durch eine Trennwand voneinander getrennt in einem Gehäuse aus zwei Halbschalen angeordnet und über ihre Ränder mit den Halbschalen mechanisch und elektrisch leitend verbunden sind, wobei das Gehäuse mit Einrichtungen zum Zuführen der Elektrolyseausgangsstoffe und zum Abführen der Elektrolyseprodukte versehen ist.The invention relates to an electrolysis apparatus for producing chlorine from aqueous alkali halide solutions, which has at least one electrolysis cell, the anode and gas diffusion cathode of which are arranged horizontally and separated from one another by a partition in a housing made of two half-shells and mechanically and electrically conductively connected to the half-shells via their edges , wherein the housing is provided with means for supplying the electrolysis starting materials and for removing the electrolysis products.
Beim Betreiben von Elektrolysezellen mit vertikal angeordneten Gasdiffusionskathoden besteht die Gefahr, dass die Sauerstoff verzehrenden Kathoden bedingt durch den hydrostatischen Druck der Lauge, am unteren Ende elektrolytdurchlässig und am oberen Ende gasdurchlässig werden. Dieser Effekt macht sich umso mehr bemerkbar, je grösser die Bauhöhe einer Zelle ist. Eine weitere Schwierigkeit beim Betreiben von Elektrolysezellen mit Gasdiffusionskathoden besteht in der Stromzuführung zur sauerstoffverzehrenden Kathode. Da die Elektrode zur Vermeidung des «Ertrinkens» mit einem Kunststoff, z.B. Polytetrafluorethylen, hydrophobiert sein muss, ist es nicht möglich, solche Kathoden in den Kathodenraum einzuschweissen. Das Hydrophobierungsmittel würde unter diesen Bedingungen abbrennen. Dabei entstünden Leckstellen in der Kathode, so dass diese elekrolyt- und gasdurchlässig würde. Gerade die Dichtigkeit der Gasdiffusionskathode ist jedoch eine entscheidende Voraussetzung für das Betreiben von Elektrolyseuren mit solchen Elektroden. In der Praxis bedeutet dies, dass die Kontaktierung der Gasdiffusionskathoden durch Anpressen an eine Stromzuführung erfolgen muss. Hierbei treten insbesondere bei flächenförmiger Stromversorgung hohe Übergangswiderstände auf. Die Folge davon ist, dass es praktisch unmöglich ist, grosse Elektrolysezellen von 1M2 aktiver Fläche und mehr mit Gasdiffusionskathoden zu betreiben.When operating electrolysis cells with vertically arranged gas diffusion cathodes, there is a risk that the oxygen-consuming cathodes become electrolyte-permeable at the lower end and gas-permeable at the upper end due to the hydrostatic pressure of the lye. This effect becomes more noticeable the greater the height of a cell. Another difficulty in operating electrolysis cells with gas diffusion cathodes is the power supply to the oxygen-consuming cathode. Since the electrode is to prevent drowning with a plastic, e.g. Polytetrafluoroethylene, must be hydrophobic, it is not possible to weld such cathodes into the cathode compartment. The water repellent would burn off under these conditions. This would result in leaks in the cathode so that it would become permeable to electrolyte and gas. However, the tightness of the gas diffusion cathode is a crucial prerequisite for the operation of electrolyzers with such electrodes. In practice, this means that the gas diffusion cathodes must be contacted by pressing on a power supply. In this case, high contact resistances occur in particular in the case of sheet-like power supplies. The consequence of this is that it is practically impossible to operate large electrolysis cells with an active area of 1M2 and more with gas diffusion cathodes.
Es bestand daher die Aufgabe, eine Elektrolysezelle zu entwickeln, die es erlaubt, bei grosser Elektrodenfläche eine flächenförmige Stromzuführung und damit eine bipolare Schaltungsweise des Elektrolyseurs zu gewährleisten, wobei die einzelnen Elektrolysezellen aus möglichst wenig, einfachen und preiswerten Bauteilen bestehen und die Gasdiffusionskathode optimal mit Elektolyt und Sauerstoff versorgt werden kann, und weder Elektrolyt noch Gas durch die Kathode hindurch treten.It was therefore the task of developing an electrolysis cell which, with a large electrode area, allows a flat current supply and thus a bipolar switching of the electrolyser to be ensured, the individual electrolysis cells consisting of as few, simple and inexpensive components and the gas diffusion cathode optimally with electrolyte and oxygen can be supplied and neither electrolyte nor gas can pass through the cathode.
Die vorliegende Erfindung löst die Aufgabe dadurch, dass die Gasdiffusionskathode flüssigkeitsdicht mit ihrer Halbschale verbunden ist und auf einer Stromzuführ- und -verteileinrichtung aufliegt, die zwischen Halbschale und Kathode angeordnet ist, die Trennwand zwischen einer zwischen den Rändern der Halbschalen umlaufenden Dichtung und einem dazu parallel angeordneten Rahmen eingeklemmt ist und sich kathodenseitig auf einem Abstandhalter abstützt, der auf der Kathode aufliegt und durch den Rahmen gehalten wird und der Rahmen einen Zu- und Ablauf für den Katholyten aufweist.The present invention achieves the object in that the gas diffusion cathode is connected to its half-shell in a liquid-tight manner and rests on a power supply and distribution device which is arranged between the half-shell and the cathode, the dividing wall between a seal that runs between the edges of the half-shells and a parallel one arranged frame is clamped and supported on the cathode side on a spacer which rests on the cathode and is held by the frame and the frame has an inlet and outlet for the catholyte.
Als Anodenmaterial eignet sich Titan, das mit einem Oxid oder Mischoxid der Metalle der VIII. Gruppe des Periodensystems aktiviert ist. Die Diffusionskathode kann aus einem Stromkollektor aus Nickelgewebe bestehen, welches mit einem porösen, kolloidalen Silberkatalysator, der auf Polytetrafluorethylen abgeschieden ist, beschichtet ist, und auf der Laugeseite eine hydrophile Schicht besitzt.Suitable as anode material is titanium, which is activated with an oxide or mixed oxide of the metals of group VIII of the periodic table. The diffusion cathode can consist of a current collector made of nickel fabric, which is coated with a porous, colloidal silver catalyst, which is deposited on polytetrafluoroethylene, and has a hydrophilic layer on the alkali side.
Der Vorteil der erfindungsgemässen Anordnung ist darin zu sehen, dass ein extrem dünner Laugefilm im Kathodenraum ausreicht. Daraus ergibt sich ein niedriger hydrostatischer Laugedruck, bei dem nur eine sehr geringe, meist vernachlässigbare Laugemenge durch die Kathode hindurchtritt. Da also keine Lauge aus dem Gasraum ausgetrieben werden muss, kann die Zelle mit der stöchiometrischen Sauerstoffmenge betrieben werden. Des weiteren genügt wegen des geringen Laugedruckes auch ein niedriger Gasdruck, um die Dreiphasengrenzfläche Gas-Elektrolyt- und Katalysator innerhalb der Kathode einzustellen. Auf der Anodenseite wird durch die rasche Entmischung von Chlor und Anolyt der Chlorblaseneffekt stark reduziert. Bei horizontaler Anordnung wird mit Hilfe des Abstandshalters (Spacer) auch im Gegensatz zur vertikalen Anordnung der Elektroden vermieden, dass sich die relativ flexiblen Gasdiffusionskathoden verbiegen und sich an unterschiedlichen Stellen unterschiedliche Elektrodenabstände (beispielsweise durch Ausbeulen der Kathode aufgrund des Laugedrucks) einstellen, was zu einer ungleichmässigen Stromverteilung führen wird.The advantage of the arrangement according to the invention can be seen in the fact that an extremely thin lye film in the cathode compartment is sufficient. This results in a low hydrostatic leach pressure, at which only a very small, usually negligible amount of lye passes through the cathode. Since no lye has to be expelled from the gas space, the cell can be operated with the stoichiometric amount of oxygen. Furthermore, due to the low alkali pressure, a low gas pressure is also sufficient to set the three-phase gas-electrolyte and catalyst interface within the cathode. On the anode side, the rapid segregation of chlorine and anolyte greatly reduces the chlorine bubble effect. In the case of a horizontal arrangement, using the spacer, in contrast to the vertical arrangement of the electrodes, the relatively flexible gas diffusion cathodes are prevented from bending and different electrode spacing (e.g. due to bulging of the cathode due to the leach pressure), which leads to a will lead to uneven current distribution.
Die Erfindung soll nun anhand der Figur näher erläutert werden. Sie zeigt einen Elektrolyseapparat bestehend aus drei Elektrolysezellen mit Gasdiffusionskathoden 11, die völlig unabhängig voneinander sind und über Kontaktpunkte oder Kontaktstreifen 20 miteinander elektrisch leitend verbunden sind. Der Vorteil dieser Ausführungsform liegt in der Servicefreundlichkeit der Konstruktion bei Schadstellen an einer Zelle. Durch Lockerung des Anpressdruckes kann die schadhafte Zelle aus dem Zellenverband entfernt werden und anschliessend kann sofort nach Wiedereinstellung des Anpressdruckes die Elektrolyse mit den verbleibenden Zellen wieder aufgenommen werden.The invention will now be explained in more detail with reference to the figure. It shows an electrolysis apparatus consisting of three electrolysis cells with
Die Halbschalen 1 und 8, deren Ränder als Flansche 2 und 9 ausgebildet sind, tragen die Anode 3 und die Gasdiffunsionskathode 11. Die Anodenschale 1 kann aus Titanmetall oder einer Titanlegierung bestehen. Die Anode 3, die ebenfalls aus Titan bestehen kann, das mit einem Edelmetalloxid aktiviert ist, ist über einen Anodenstromleiter 4, der beispielsweise in Form eines Titanwellbandes ausgebildet sein kann, mit der Anodenhalbschale 1 elektrisch leitend verbunden. Über eine Zuleitung 5 wird der Anodenraum 6 mit Elektrolyt, beispielsweise gesättigter Natriumchloridlösung, versorgt. Die Abführung des gebildeten Chlors und der abgereicherten Sole erfolgt über das Rohr 7. Für die Kathodenhalbschale 8 kann Normalstahl, Edelstahl oder Nickel aber auch Titanmetall verwendet werden; letzteres insbesondere deshalb, weil in der Elektrolysezelle kein Wasserstoff produziert wird und somit die H2-Versprödung des Titans nicht einsetzen kann. In der Kathodenhalbschale 8 befindet sich der Kathodenstromleiter 10 als Stromzuführ-und -verteileinrichtung, der in Form eines Wellbandes ausgestaltet sein kann und aus dem gleichen Material wie die Kathodenhalbschale besteht. Der Kathodenstromleiter 10 trägt die Gasdiffusionskathode 11 und verbindet diese elektrisch leitend mit der Kathodenhalbschale 8. Die Gasdiffusionskathode 11 besteht bevorzugt aus einem Elektrokatalysator auf Metallbasis, wie er beispielsweise in der EP-A-141 142 beschrieben ist, da eine solche Elektrode auch in einfacher Weise mit dem Kathodenstromleiter verschweisst oder verlötet werden kann. Die Gasdiffusionskathode wird am äusseren Rand mit der Kathodenhalbschale 8 ebenfalls durch Löten, Schweissen oder Kleben mit einem elektrisch leitfähigen Kleber verbunden und gleichzeitig abgedichtet, so dass unterhalb der Kathode der Gasraum 12 gebildet wird. In diesen wird über eine Zuleitung 13 ein sauerstoffhaltiges Gas, beispielsweise elementarer Sauerstoff, Luft oder an Sauerstoff angereicherte Luft eingespeist. Die Entsorgung überschüssigen Sauerstoffs oder an Sauerstoff verarmter Luft erfolgt über das Rohr 14. Über dieses Rohr 14 kann auch eventuell anfallendes Kondensat abgeführt werden.The half-
Auf dem Flansch 9 der Kathodenhalbschale 8 liegt ein umlaufender Rahmen 17 aus einem laugenbeständigen Material, der mit Zufuhrleitung 18 für Dünnlauge und Abführleitung 19 für die Starklauge versehen ist. Bevorzugtes Material ist Polytetrafluorethylen, da dadurch auch die Abdichtung gegenüber der Kathodenhalbschale gewährleistet ist. Durch den Rahmen 17, die Trennwand 15 und die Kathode 11 wird der Laugenraum definiert. In diesem befindet sich zweckmässigerweise ein Abstandshalter 21 aus einem laugenbeständigen Kunststoff, der einen konstanten Abstand zwischen Gasdiffusionskathode 11 und Trennwand 15, beispielsweise einer Kationenaustauschermembran, einstellt. Gegenüber der Anodenschale 1 ist die Trennwand 15 mittels einer Dichtung 16 abgedichtet. Die Halbschalen können mittels in Büchsen aus elektrisch isolierendem Material geführten Schrauben an den Flanschen miteinander verbunden werden (nicht gezeigt). Dies macht die Zelle besonders service- und wartungsfreundlich. Es ist aber auch möglich, die Einzelteile der Zelle übereinander zu stapeln und nach Art einer Filterpresse zusammenzudrücken. Um einen besseren Stromübergang von Zelle zu Zelle zu ermöglichen, können die Aussenseiten beider Halbschalenwände oder auch nur eine Halbschalenwand mit Kontaktpunkten oder Kontaktstreifen 20 aus einem elektrisch leitfähigen Material versehen sein. Über Zuganker oder andere Pressvorrichtungen werden schliesslich die zu einem Elektrolyseapparat zusammengestellten Zellen zusammengepresst (nicht dargestellt). Die Stromzuführungen sind mit Plus und Minus gekennzeichnet. Die Anode 3 kann auf der Trennwand 15 aufliegen.On the
Eine Elektrolysezelle gemäss obiger Beschreibung wurde mit einer Gasdiffusionskathode auf Basis kolloidalen Silbers und einer Titananode so in Betrieb genommen, dass die Titananode über der Gasdiffusionskathode zu liegen kam. Die aktive, mit elementarem Sauerstoff bespülte Kathodenoberfläche betrug 0,2 m2. Die Zelle war mit einer Kationenaustauschermembran des Typs Nafion° 90 209 ausgerüstet. Bei einer Stromdichte von 3 ka/m2 arbeitet die Elektrolysezelle mit einer Zellspannung von 2,17 V, wobei 1550 kwh/t NaOH an elektrischer Energie verbraucht werden. Die Zelle wird bei 90°C mit der stöchiometrischen Menge an Sauerstoff betrieben; es wird 33 Gew.-%ige Natronlauge produziert.An electrolysis cell as described above was put into operation with a gas diffusion cathode based on colloidal silver and a titanium anode in such a way that the titanium anode came to lie over the gas diffusion cathode. The active cathode surface, flushed with elemental oxygen, was 0.2 m 2 . The cell was equipped with a cation exchange membrane of the type Nafion ° 90 209. At a current density of 3 ka / m 2 , the electrolysis cell operates with a cell voltage of 2.17 V, with 1550 kwh / t NaOH of electrical energy being consumed. The cell is operated at 90 ° C with the stoichiometric amount of oxygen; 33% by weight sodium hydroxide solution is produced.
Claims (3)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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AT85113299T ATE36177T1 (en) | 1984-10-26 | 1985-10-19 | ELECTROLYZER WITH HORIZONTALLY ARRANGED ELECTRODES. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE3439265 | 1984-10-26 | ||
DE19843439265 DE3439265A1 (en) | 1984-10-26 | 1984-10-26 | ELECTROLYSIS APPARATUS WITH HORIZONTALLY ARRANGED ELECTRODES |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP0182114A1 EP0182114A1 (en) | 1986-05-28 |
EP0182114B1 true EP0182114B1 (en) | 1988-08-03 |
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP85113299A Expired EP0182114B1 (en) | 1984-10-26 | 1985-10-19 | Electrolysis apparatus with horizontally positioned electrodes |
Country Status (6)
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US (1) | US4639303A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0182114B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE36177T1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA1258443A (en) |
DE (2) | DE3439265A1 (en) |
NO (1) | NO165249C (en) |
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US7498286B2 (en) * | 2005-05-23 | 2009-03-03 | Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System | Electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction reaction in proton exchange membrane fuel cells |
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DE102006020374A1 (en) * | 2006-04-28 | 2007-10-31 | Uhdenora S.P.A. | Insulating frame for an electrolysis cell for producing chlorine, hydrogen and/or caustic soda comprises an edge region directly connected to an inner front surface and structured so that an electrolyte can pass through it |
DE102006028168A1 (en) * | 2006-06-16 | 2007-12-20 | Uhde Gmbh | Apparatus for electrochemical water treatment |
DE102011001536A1 (en) * | 2011-03-10 | 2012-09-13 | Hagemann-Systems Gmbh | Stacked battery cell spacer plates |
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PT2957659T (en) | 2014-06-16 | 2019-05-31 | Siemens Ag | Gas diffusion layer, pem electrolysis cell with such a gas diffusion layer and electrolyser |
Family Cites Families (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1907818A (en) * | 1930-08-11 | 1933-05-09 | Dow Chemical Co | Method of electrolysis and means therefor |
US3288644A (en) * | 1962-06-18 | 1966-11-29 | Leesona Corp | Fuel cell moudule with palladium-silver alloy anode |
US3976550A (en) * | 1971-09-22 | 1976-08-24 | Oronzio De Nora Implanti Elettrochimici S.P.A. | Horizontal, planar, bipolar diaphragm cells |
US3770611A (en) * | 1971-11-24 | 1973-11-06 | Olin Corp | Multiple tier horizontal diaphragm cells |
US3976556A (en) * | 1974-12-05 | 1976-08-24 | Oronzio De Nora Impianti Elettrochimici S.P.A. | Electrolysis cell |
JPS5947037B2 (en) * | 1976-10-22 | 1984-11-16 | 旭電化工業株式会社 | Electrolysis method |
US4108752A (en) * | 1977-05-31 | 1978-08-22 | Diamond Shamrock Corporation | Electrolytic cell bank having spring loaded intercell connectors |
WO1979000347A1 (en) * | 1977-12-06 | 1979-06-28 | Battelle Memorial Institute | Process and reactor for producing a treating aqueous solution containing at least hydrogenoperoxide ions and hydroxyl ions according to predetermined concentrations |
DE2909640A1 (en) * | 1979-03-12 | 1980-09-25 | Hoechst Ag | ELECTROLYSIS |
US4436608A (en) * | 1982-08-26 | 1984-03-13 | Diamond Shamrock Corporation | Narrow gap gas electrode electrolytic cell |
-
1984
- 1984-10-26 DE DE19843439265 patent/DE3439265A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1985
- 1985-10-19 DE DE8585113299T patent/DE3564136D1/en not_active Expired
- 1985-10-19 AT AT85113299T patent/ATE36177T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1985-10-19 EP EP85113299A patent/EP0182114B1/en not_active Expired
- 1985-10-24 US US06/790,825 patent/US4639303A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1985-10-25 NO NO854272A patent/NO165249C/en unknown
- 1985-10-25 CA CA000493915A patent/CA1258443A/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US4639303A (en) | 1987-01-27 |
CA1258443A (en) | 1989-08-15 |
NO165249C (en) | 1991-01-16 |
DE3439265A1 (en) | 1986-05-07 |
NO854272L (en) | 1986-04-28 |
NO165249B (en) | 1990-10-08 |
DE3564136D1 (en) | 1988-09-08 |
ATE36177T1 (en) | 1988-08-15 |
EP0182114A1 (en) | 1986-05-28 |
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