EP0181810A1 - Method and apparatus for compressing by hammering a steam generator tube placed in a tube wall - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for compressing by hammering a steam generator tube placed in a tube wall Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0181810A1
EP0181810A1 EP85402093A EP85402093A EP0181810A1 EP 0181810 A1 EP0181810 A1 EP 0181810A1 EP 85402093 A EP85402093 A EP 85402093A EP 85402093 A EP85402093 A EP 85402093A EP 0181810 A1 EP0181810 A1 EP 0181810A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tube
particles
sheath
plate
face
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP85402093A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0181810B1 (en
Inventor
Claude Bianchi
Yves Fournier
Paul Jacquier
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Areva NP SAS
Original Assignee
Framatome SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from FR8417130A external-priority patent/FR2572965B1/en
Priority claimed from FR8510175A external-priority patent/FR2584320B2/en
Application filed by Framatome SA filed Critical Framatome SA
Publication of EP0181810A1 publication Critical patent/EP0181810A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0181810B1 publication Critical patent/EP0181810B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24C—ABRASIVE OR RELATED BLASTING WITH PARTICULATE MATERIAL
    • B24C3/00—Abrasive blasting machines or devices; Plants
    • B24C3/32—Abrasive blasting machines or devices; Plants designed for abrasive blasting of particular work, e.g. the internal surfaces of cylinder blocks
    • B24C3/325—Abrasive blasting machines or devices; Plants designed for abrasive blasting of particular work, e.g. the internal surfaces of cylinder blocks for internal surfaces, e.g. of tubes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D39/00—Application of procedures in order to connect objects or parts, e.g. coating with sheet metal otherwise than by plating; Tube expanders
    • B21D39/06—Application of procedures in order to connect objects or parts, e.g. coating with sheet metal otherwise than by plating; Tube expanders of tubes in openings, e.g. rolling-in
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D7/00—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation
    • C21D7/02—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working
    • C21D7/04—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working of the surface
    • C21D7/06—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working of the surface by shot-peening or the like
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
    • F28F9/04—Arrangements for sealing elements into header boxes or end plates
    • F28F9/16—Arrangements for sealing elements into header boxes or end plates by permanent joints, e.g. by rolling
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/47—Burnishing
    • Y10T29/479—Burnishing by shot peening or blasting
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/4935—Heat exchanger or boiler making
    • Y10T29/49373—Tube joint and tube plate structure
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/4935—Heat exchanger or boiler making
    • Y10T29/49387—Boiler making
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49826—Assembling or joining
    • Y10T29/49908—Joining by deforming
    • Y10T29/49938—Radially expanding part in cavity, aperture, or hollow body
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49826—Assembling or joining
    • Y10T29/49908—Joining by deforming
    • Y10T29/49938—Radially expanding part in cavity, aperture, or hollow body
    • Y10T29/4994—Radially expanding internal tube
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/53—Means to assemble or disassemble
    • Y10T29/53113—Heat exchanger
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/53—Means to assemble or disassemble
    • Y10T29/53113—Heat exchanger
    • Y10T29/53122—Heat exchanger including deforming means

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method of compression compression by hammering of a steam generator tube crimped in a tubular plate, with the aim of limiting stress corrosion.
  • the steam generators of pressurized water nuclear reactors comprise a very thick tube plate inside which the tubes of the generator bundle are crimped at each of their ends.
  • the tubes are flush with one of the faces of the tube plate which comes into contact with the primary fluid during the operation of the steam generator and are projecting with respect to the other face of the tube plate to open into the body of the generator. steam receiving the water to be vaporized.
  • the crimping of the tubes or swaging is carried out by introducing a tool, called a dudgeon inside the tube to carry out the rolling of its wall inside its housing in the tube plate.
  • This rolling of the tube is carried out from its end which is flush with the first face of the tube plate to an area located substantially in the vicinity of the second face of the tube plate.
  • This zone of the tube situated in the vicinity of the outlet face of the tube plate therefore constitutes the separation zone between the part of the tube deformed by rolling in the corresponding bore of the tube plate and the non-deformed part of the tube.
  • This area is called the transition area.
  • the wall of the tube is the site of significant residual tensile stresses which reduce the corrosion resistance of the tube both on its external surface in contact with the water to be vaporized and on its internal surface in contact with the pri fluid mayor.
  • a method of compressing by hammering the internal surface of the tube in the transition zone has also been proposed.
  • This hammering of the tube carried out by rotation at very high speed inside the tube, of a flexible strip carrying small balls of hard material makes it possible to increase the resistance of the tube to corrosion by the primary fluid.
  • a hard material ball breaks. the friction of this ball having sharp edges on the internal wall of the tube, during the rotation of the flexible strip, causes scratches to appear on the internal wall of the tube. These scratches promote corrosion of the tube by the primary fluid in the internal skin.
  • the devices used for internal curing of the molded tube are not applicable in the case of tu- b are rolled into the tube plate of a genera steam generator and especially in the case where one operates on a steam generator of a pressurized water nuclear reactor, after its commissioning, the tubes and the water box of the steam generator then being more or less irradiated.
  • the presence of an operator in the vicinity of the irradiated area should be limited as much as possible. It is therefore necessary to maintain all of the tooling of the device on the tube plate, to seal it, and to automatically control the translational movements of the nozzle in the tube, and finally monitor these different operating phases without intervene in the steam generator.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to propose a method of compressing, by surface hammering, a steam generator tube crimped in a tubular plate so that one of its ends is flush with one of the faces of the tubular plate and that the tubes are projecting on the other face of this plate, the crimping of the tube being carried out by rolling its wall inside the tubular plate, between its end flush with the first face and an area located at of the second face of the tube plate.
  • a high-speed gas stream charged with particles is directed in a material with a hardness greater than the hardness of the tube material and with a particle size between 50 and 500.10 -6 m, on the internal surface of the tube, in radial directions with respect to the tube and over its entire periphery, the speed of the gas and the density of the particles in this gas being such that the mass flow of the particles coming to strike the surface internal of the tube for its stress relieving is greater than 0.008 kg / sec and preferably 0.010 kg / sec. for a tube with an internal diameter close to 0.020 meters.
  • the invention also relates to a device making it possible to implement the method according to the invention, in particular on a steam generator of a pressurized water nuclear reactor, after its commissioning.
  • the crimping of the tube 1 was carried out by swaging, that is to say by rolling the wall of the tube inside its bore, between the inlet face 4 of the tubular plate and the outlet face 5 through which the tube enters the steam generator body.
  • the end 1a of the tube 1 is flush with the face 4 of the tube plate and a weld between this end 1a of the tube and the tube plate completes the fixing of the tube.
  • the deformed part of the tube comprises successive laminated zones 8 corresponding to the different positions of the dudgeon inside the tube, during crimping.
  • the tube 1 has a transition zone 7 of a certain length between its deformed part and its non-deformed part which has remained at its nominal diameter. In this zone 7, constraints your tensile residuals appear on the inner skin and the outer skin of the tube after crimping.
  • a steam generator comprising the tube plate 2 through which tubes such as 1 and a hemispherical water box 10 on the side of the inlet face 4 of the tube plate.
  • the water box 10 is separated in two by a partition 11, the pressurized water constituting the primary fluid arriving in the water box on one side of the partition 11 and leaving this water box on the other side by tubes such as 12.
  • Each tube 1 bent in a U shape has one of its ends opening into a part of the water box and its other end opening into the other part of the water box.
  • the primary fluid can thus circulate inside each of the tubes in the upper part of the steam generator not shown in FIG. 2, above the outlet face 5 of the tube plate 2.
  • a tool 15 introduced into the water box of the steam generator through a manhole 14.
  • This tool is put in place and maintained inside the tube plate, during the tube stress relieving operation, by a tool holder 60 allowing the tooling to be placed successively in each of the tubes to be stress relieved.
  • This tool holder can be of the type described in FR-A-2,309,314 filed by the applicant.
  • This tool comprises an outer sheath 16 connected at one of its ends to a bypass sleeve 17 and engaged at its other end in a fixing bell 18 held under the tube plate 2 by the tool support, with interposition of a 3-anointed sealing 19 between the bell 18 and the entrance face 5 of the tube plate consisting of the 2A coated surface of this plate coming into contact with the primary fluid.
  • a sheath 20 of smaller diameter carrying at its upper part a profiled nozzle 21 surmounted by a centering plug 22 whose outside diameter corresponds to the nominal internal diameter of the tube 1.
  • the inner sheath 20 is connected to a particle injection assembly comprising a means for pumping air under pressure and a distributor of particles in quantity dosed in the stream of air under pressure.
  • a particle injection assembly comprising a means for pumping air under pressure and a distributor of particles in quantity dosed in the stream of air under pressure.
  • the particles consist of micro-beads made of non-magnetic stainless steel with a particle size between 100 and 300.10 -6 m. If the centering plug 22 does not completely close the tube 1, air is injected into the upper part of the tube, above the plug 22 to return the balls downwards.
  • the outer sheath 16 and the inner sheath 20 of the tool are formed over part of their length by flexible tubes which can undergo bending for their orientation inside the water box of the steam generator.
  • the inner sheath 20 is slidably mounted in the branch 17a of the bypass sleeve 17 so that it can be guided as it enters the outer sheath 16.
  • the branch 17b of the bypass sleeve 17 is connected to a pumping station allowing to exert a certain suction in the outer sheath 16, around the inner sheath 20.
  • the steam generator is stopped, cooled and emptied of its water; the bell 18 and the outer sheath 16 being placed under the tubular plate vertically of a tube 1 by a tool support which can be moved inside the water box, the inner sheath 20 is engaged in the outer sheath 16 so that the upper part comprising the injection nozzle 21 is opposite the transition zone 7 of the tube.
  • the internal hammering of the tube is then carried out over the entire length of the transition zone by displacement in translation in the ascending direction of the sheath 20 and of the nozzle 21, at slow and steady speed of the order of 0.002 m / sec, the inner sheath 20 being supplied with a mixture of air or other gas under pressure and very hard micro-balls.
  • the balls After their impact, the balls are sucked into the space surrounding the sheath 20, first inside the tube 1 in the tubular plate, then in the outer sheath 16 before being recovered downstream from the sleeves 17.
  • This device comprises at its upper part an injection head designated as a whole by the reference 31 constituted by a rigid tubular body 32.
  • a socket 33 (Fig. 4) provided with an end circular seal 34 is screwed onto the upper body 32.
  • the entire injection head 31 is positioned facing the tube 1 which opens into the tube plate 2, and held in position by the tool holder 60 which can move autonomously in the water box.
  • This tool holder 60 partially shown in FIG. 4, comprises a jack 61 whose cylinder 62 is integral with said tool holder 60 and whose piston 63 is integral with body 32 of head injection 31 via an extension rod 64 and a support 35.
  • the choice of the jack 61 is such that by lack of pressure, the injection head 31 is in the high position relative to the holder tool 60.
  • the injection head 31 presses on the underside 4 of said tubular plate and sealing is ensured by the force exerted from bottom to top on the circular seal 34.
  • the body 32 of the injection head 31 is mounted flexible on the support 35 so as to correctly align the axis of said head on the axis of tube 1 to be treated, even if there is a positioning defect in the tool holder 60.
  • the lower part of the injection head 31 is connected to an external sheath 16 by a quick removable connector 37 shown diagrammatically in FIG. 3.
  • the other end of the outer sheath 16 is connected to a bypass sleeve 38.
  • an internal sheath 39 Inside the external sheath 16 is engaged an internal sheath 39, one end of which opens into the injection head 31 and the other end of which is also connected to the sleeve 38.
  • the end of the internal sheath 39 is held in the injection head 31, by a centering piece 40 (Fig. 4) having the shape of a three-pointed star to allow recycling of the particles as will be seen later. .
  • the upper edge of the internal sheath 39 is provided with a lip seal 41.
  • the outer sheath 16 and the inner sheath 39 are constituted by flexible pipes which can undergo bending for their orientation inside. of the steam generator water box.
  • This nozzle 44 comprises a screw 45, on which are mounted circular brushes 46 whose outside diameter corresponds substantially to the internal diameter of the tube 1, a spacer 47 and a deflector 48.
  • the assembly of the nozzle 44 which constitutes a block easily removable, is screwed by means of the screw 45 in a centering piece 49 welded in the hollow sleeve 43.
  • This centering piece 49 has the shape of a star with three branches so as to allow the passage of the particles brought by the flexible tube 20.
  • the spacer 47 makes it possible to maintain a constant distance between the brushes 46 and the deflector 48 which is therefore positioned near the outlet orifice of the hollow sleeve 43.
  • These brushes 46 ensure the centering of the nozzle inje ction 44 and cleaning the tube 1 at the time of descent of said nozzle. On the other hand, they can possibly prevent the passage of microbeads.
  • the flexible tube 20 is slidably mounted inside the branch 38a of the bypass sleeve 38 (Fig. 5) so that it can be guided as it enters the internal sheath 39.
  • the internal sheath 39 whose l end is fixed in the branch 38a of the sleeve 38, household along said flexible tube 20, a small annular space 50 which is connected by an orifice 51 provided in the branch 38a of the sleeve 38 to a source of pressurized gas supply , not shown.
  • an nulaire 50 ensures the centering of the flexible tube 20 inside the inner sheath 39 and avoids any rubbing t ly between these two elements at the time of the introduction of the injection nozzle 44 and during movement of the flexible tube. Finally, this gas flow prevents particles from returning to this annular space.
  • the flexible tube 20 is connected, upstream of the bypass sleeve 38, to a set 10 of particle injection.
  • the particles can be formed by microbeads made of a metallic material, glass or ceramic whose particle size is between 50 and 500 microns.
  • This assembly 70 includes a storage hopper 71 connected to a pressurizing tank 72 by a filling valve 73.
  • This tank 72 is connected in its upper part directly to an inlet 74 of compressed gas, and in its lower part with the flexible tube 20 via an injection valve 75 of the microbeads.
  • the flexible tube 20 is also connected to the compressed gas inlet 74 by a valve 76.
  • the branch 38b of the bypass sleeve 38 which communicates with the space between the outer sheath 16 and the inner sheath, is connected by a sheath 16b to a pumping system 80 for the microbeads.
  • This pumping system comprises a separator 81 equipped with a filter 82 to filter the gas sucked in by a pump 83.
  • the separator 81 is provided with an airlock 84 for volume control which opens into a tank 85 of recovery of microbeads equipped with a weighing device 86.
  • the longitudinal displacements of the flexible tube 20 and consequently of the injection nozzle 44 in the tube of the steam generator to be hammered are provided by an advance mechanism 90 disposed between the bypass sleeve 38 and the injection assembly 70.
  • This advance mechanism 90 shown in more detail in FIGS. 6 and 7, is constituted by a parallelepipedic frame 91 forming a longitudinal cage inside which are mounted two toothed belts 92 and 93. These two belts 92 and 93 are guided at each end of the frame 91 by pulleys 94 and, between said pulleys, by L-shaped angles 95 and 96 fixed to one of the walls of the frame 91.
  • the belts 92 and 93 each have a longitudinal groove 92a and 93a and form between them in the axis of the frame a longitudinal corridor 97.
  • this longitudinal corridor 97 is introduced the flexible tube 20 which is positioned in the grooves 92a and 93a of the belts 92 and 93 in order to ensure its guidance during its movement.
  • the rotation of the belts 92 and 93 is controlled by a motor 98, the output shaft of which is connected to one of the pulleys 94 by a drive system 99.
  • the transmission of the longitudinal movement between the belts 92 and 93 and the flexible tube 20 is controlled by a piece 100 integral with the belt 92, and which has two internal branches 100a and 100b pinching said tube 20.
  • position detectors 101 of the part 100 are mounted in the axis of the longitudinal corridor 97.
  • the injection head 31 is placed under the plate tubular 2 vertically from a tube 1 by the tool holder 60 which can be moved inside the water box, and the injection head 3 1 is connected to the external sheath 16 by the connector 37. Is introduced into the outer sheath 16, the inner sheath 39 and the bypass sleeve 38 is mounted by connecting the branch 38b to the sheath 16b.
  • the injection nozzle 44 is mounted on the hollow sleeve 43, and the flexible tube 20 is engaged inside the internal sheath 39.
  • the gas flow introduced into the space 50 guides the flexible tube in the internal sheath 39 and avoids any friction.
  • the flexible tube 20 is moved so that the upper part comprising the injection nozzle 44 is opposite the zone of the tube to be hammered.
  • the internal hammering of the tube is then carried out over the entire desired length, by moving in translation, by means of the advance and control mechanism 90, the flexible tube 20 and the nozzle 44 at slow and regular speed, the tube 20 being supplied by the injection assembly 70 with a mixture of air or other pressurized gas and very hard microbeads.
  • the microbeads propelled in the gas at high speed have a path which is deflected by the deflector 48 so that their direction is substantially radial when they strike the surface of the tube.
  • the microbeads are aspirated by the pumping system 80, first in the space between the outer sheath 16 and the inner sheath 39, then in the branch 38b of the sleeve 38 and in the sheath 16b. Under the effect of the pressurized gas introduced into the space 50 and through the lip seal 41, the microbeads cannot penetrate between the internal sheath 39 and the flexible tube 20.
  • microbeads are thus sucked into the separator 81 and recovered in the airlock 84, and then transferred to the recovery tank 85 which is weighed. This final weighing is a way of ensuring that the quantity of microbeads recovered is equivalent to the quantity of microbeads injected.
  • the flexible sheath 20 for introducing the mixture of gases and micro-balls is engaged for its implementation in a guide and sealing assembly comprising an expandable plug 25 previously introduced into the tube to be tensioned and a bell for recovering balls 27 held in position under the tube plate 2 by a tool support movable from one tube to another in the water box of the steam generator.
  • This bell 27 is connected to a pumping installation not shown, it is mounted leaktight by means of a seal under the inlet face 4 of the tubular plate.
  • the nozzle 21 of the tool is extended by an engaged pin 26 sliding in the plug 25 for guiding the nozzle in the transition zone 7 of the tube.
  • the operating conditions for the stress relieving by internal work hardening of the tube are the same as previously.
  • the micro-beads are collected in the bell 27 after their impact on the pa kings of the tube.
  • the movements of the tool are accompanied by very low friction; in the event that an intervention must take place on the injection nozzle 44, the operator can remotely, by means of the tool holder 60, bring the injection head 31 to the manhole 14 of the water box of the steam generator. It can, via the connector 37, quickly disconnect the injection head 31 from the external sheath 16. This operation makes it possible to easily remove the assembly from the infection nozzle 44 by unscrewing the threaded rod 45 and checking or to change the parts 44, 47, 48 which make up said nozzle.
  • microbeads or other particles in any metallic material or in a hard non-metallic material such as glass or ceramic whose particle size can vary from 50 to 500.10 - 6 m and preferably between 50 and 250.10 m.
  • the mass flow rate of these balls in the protective air may be a little lower than what has been indicated. however, this mass flow rate must not fall below 0.008 kg / sec. to obtain an adequate hammering effect, with velocities of the carrier gas and of these particles, at the time of impact, which are not not less than 50 m / s, in the case of tubes with a diameter close to 0.020 m.
  • Microbeads or particles of a shape different from the spherical shape can be used.
  • the material chosen for the microbeads must have a hardness greater than the hardness of the tube material, which is generally a nickel alloy in the case of steam generators of nuclear reactors.
  • this process can be used both for tubes of a steam generator already in service and for tubes of a new steam generator whose water box has already been put in place.

Abstract

Pour effectuer une mise en compression par martelage d'un tube (1) de générateur de vapeur, on dirige un courant de gaz à grande vitesse chargé de particules d'une granulométrie comprise entre 50 et 500.10<-><6>m, sur la surface interne du tube (1). Le jet de gaz est dirigé sur la surface interne du tube (1) dans des directions radiales et sur toute la périphérie de ce tube. Le débit massique des particules est supérieur à 0,008 kg/sec pour des tubes d'un diamètre intérieur voisin de 0,020 m. Le dispositif comporte une gaine souple (20) mobile à l'intérieur d'une enveloppe (16, 18) fixée de façon étanche sous la plaque tubulaire (2) autour du tube (1). A l'extrémité de la gaine (20) recevant du gaz chargé en particules, est disposée une buse d'injection (21).To effect compression by hammering of a tube (1) of a steam generator, a high-speed gas flow is charged charged with particles of a particle size between 50 and 500.10 <-> <6> m, on the inner surface of the tube (1). The gas jet is directed on the internal surface of the tube (1) in radial directions and on the entire periphery of this tube. The mass flow rate of the particles is greater than 0.008 kg / sec for tubes with an internal diameter close to 0.020 m. The device comprises a flexible sheath (20) movable inside an envelope (16, 18) fixed in sealed manner under the tubular plate (2) around the tube (1). At the end of the sheath (20) receiving gas loaded with particles, there is an injection nozzle (21).

Description

L'invention concerne un procédé de mise en compression par martelage d'un tube de générateur de vapeur serti dans une plaque tubulaire, dans le but de limiter la corrosion sous tension.The invention relates to a method of compression compression by hammering of a steam generator tube crimped in a tubular plate, with the aim of limiting stress corrosion.

Les générateurs de vapeur des réacteurs nucléaires à eau sous pression comportent une plaque tubulaire de grande épaisseur a l'intérieur de laquelle les tubes du faisceau du générateur sont sertis à chacune de leurs extrémités. Les tubes affleurent sur l'une des faces de la plaque tubulaire qui vient en contact avec le fluide primaire pendant le fonctionnement du générateur de vapeur et sont saillants par rapport à l'autre face de la plaque tubulaire pour déboucher dans le corps du générateur de vapeur recevant l'eau à vaporiser.The steam generators of pressurized water nuclear reactors comprise a very thick tube plate inside which the tubes of the generator bundle are crimped at each of their ends. The tubes are flush with one of the faces of the tube plate which comes into contact with the primary fluid during the operation of the steam generator and are projecting with respect to the other face of the tube plate to open into the body of the generator. steam receiving the water to be vaporized.

Le sertissage des tubes ou dudgeonnage est effectué en introduisant un outil, appelé dudgeon à l'intérieur du tube pour effectuer le laminage de sa paroi à l'intérieur de son logement dans la plaque tubulaire. Ce laminage du tube est effectué depuis son extrémité qui affleure sur la première face de la plaque tubulaire jusqu'à une zone située sensiblement au voisinage de la seconde face de la plaque tubulaire. Cette zone du tube située au voisinage de la face de sortie de la plaque tubulaire constitue donc la zone de séparation entre la partie du tube déformée par laminage dans l'alésage correspondant de la plaque tubulaire et la partie non déformée du tube. Cette zone est appelée zone de transition. Dans la zone de transition, la paroi du tube est le siège de contraintes résiduelles de traction importantes qui diminuent la résistance à la corrosion du tube aussi bien sur sa surface externe en contact avec l'eau à vaporiser que sur sa surface interne en contact avec le fluide primaire.The crimping of the tubes or swaging is carried out by introducing a tool, called a dudgeon inside the tube to carry out the rolling of its wall inside its housing in the tube plate. This rolling of the tube is carried out from its end which is flush with the first face of the tube plate to an area located substantially in the vicinity of the second face of the tube plate. This zone of the tube situated in the vicinity of the outlet face of the tube plate therefore constitutes the separation zone between the part of the tube deformed by rolling in the corresponding bore of the tube plate and the non-deformed part of the tube. This area is called the transition area. In the transition zone, the wall of the tube is the site of significant residual tensile stresses which reduce the corrosion resistance of the tube both on its external surface in contact with the water to be vaporized and on its internal surface in contact with the pri fluid mayor.

On observe effectivement, dans les générateurs de vapeur des réacteurs nucléaires après une certaine durée de fonctionnement, une détérioration de certains tubes du faisceau à l'endroit où ils sortent de la plaque tubulaire, c'est à dire au voisinage de leurs zones de transition. Les destructions par corrosion se présentent sous forme de fissuration ou même de trous dans la paroi du tube. Des dégradations plus ou moins importantes des tubes dans des zones différentes de la zone de transition ont également été observées dans des générateurs de vapeur, après un certain temps de fonctionnement. L'origine de ces dégradations peut être attribuée dans certains cas à la présence de contraintes résiduelles, en particulier, en peau interne des tubes.We actually observe, in the steam generators of nuclear reactors after a certain period of operation, a deterioration of certain tubes of the bundle at the point where they exit from the tube plate, that is to say in the vicinity of their transition zones. . Corrosion destruction takes the form of cracking or even holes in the wall of the tube. More or less significant degradations of the tubes in zones different from the transition zone have also been observed in steam generators, after a certain operating time. The origin of these degradations can be attributed in certain cases to the presence of residual stresses, in particular, in the internal skin of the tubes.

On a proposé dans le brevet français 77 13 196, déposé par la Société Framatome, d'effectuer un détensionnement mécanique des tubes des générateurs de vapeur après leur dudgeonnage dans la plaque tubulaire. Ce détensionnement est réalisé grâce à un dudgeon d'une conception spéciale qui permet de réaliser une légère expansion diamétrale du tube dans sa zone de transition. Cette opération a pour résultat de diminuer les contraintes dans la paroi du tube au voisinage de sa surface externe qui vient en contact avec l'eau à vaporiser. On diminue ainsi la corrosion due à l'eau d'alimentation du générateur de vapeur au voisinage de la plaque tubulaire.It has been proposed in French patent 77 13 196, filed by the Framatome Company, to carry out mechanical stress relief on the tubes of the steam generators after their expansion in the tube plate. This stress relieving is achieved thanks to a dudgeon of a special design which allows a slight diametral expansion of the tube to be achieved in its transition zone. This operation has the result of reducing the stresses in the wall of the tube in the vicinity of its external surface which comes into contact with the water to be vaporized. This reduces corrosion due to the steam generator feed water in the vicinity of the tube plate.

Cependant, cette opération de détensionnement mécanique par expansion diamétrale à l'aide d'un dudgeon ne permet pas de réduire les contraintes dans la paroi du tube au voisinage de sa surface interne ou contraintes en peau interne du tube. La corrosion par le fluide primaire constitue par de l'eau sous pression renfermant de l'acide borique et différentes bases de conditionnement, reste donc forte en peau interne du tube dans la zone de transition.However, this mechanical stress relieving operation by diametrical expansion using a dudgeon does not make it possible to reduce the stresses in the wall of the tube in the vicinity of its internal surface or stresses in the internal skin of the tube. Corrosion by the primary fluid consists of pressurized water containing boric acid and various conditioning bases, therefore remains strong in the inner skin of the tube in the transition zone.

On a également proposé un procédé de mise en compression par martelage de la surface interne du tube dans la zone de transition. Ce martelage du tube effectué par mise en rotation a très grande vitesse a l'intérieur du tube, d'une bande souple portant des billes de petites dimensions en matériau dur permet d'augmenter la résistance du tube a la corrosion par le fluide primaire. Cependant, en cas de rupture d'une bille en matériau dur. le frottement de cette bille présentant des arêtes vives sur la paroi interne du tube, au cours de la rotation de la bande souple, fait apparaitre des rayures sur la paroi interne du tube. Ces rayures favorisent la corrosion du tube par le fluide primaire en peau interne.A method of compressing by hammering the internal surface of the tube in the transition zone has also been proposed. This hammering of the tube carried out by rotation at very high speed inside the tube, of a flexible strip carrying small balls of hard material makes it possible to increase the resistance of the tube to corrosion by the primary fluid. However, if a hard material ball breaks. the friction of this ball having sharp edges on the internal wall of the tube, during the rotation of the flexible strip, causes scratches to appear on the internal wall of the tube. These scratches promote corrosion of the tube by the primary fluid in the internal skin.

On connait également des techniques de durcissement interne de tubes tels que des tubes en acier moulé qui consistent a projeter des billes en matériau dur sur la surface intérieure de ces tubes moulés. Cette technique n'a cependant jamais été utilisée pour mettre en compression la peau interne des tubes dudgeonnés de petit diamètre tels que des tubes de générateur de vapeur de réacteur nucléaire sous pression dont le diamètre intérieur est un peu inférieur a 0,020 m. Les conditions opératoires retenues pour le durcissement intérieur des tubes en acier moulé ne sont évidemment pas transposables au cas des tubes dudgeonnés. Il est bien évident également que les dispositifs utilisés pour le durcissement interne du tube moulé ne sont pas applicables dans le cas de tu- bes dudgeonnés dans la plaque tubulaire d'un générateur de vapeur et tout particulièrement dans le cas où l'on opere sur un générateur de vapeur d'un réacteur nucléaire a eau sous pression, après sa mise en service, les tubes et la boite a eau du générateur de vapeur étant alors plus ou moins irradiés.There are also known internal hardening techniques for tubes such as molded steel tubes which consist in projecting balls of hard material onto the interior surface of these molded tubes. However, this technique has never been used to compress the inner skin of small-diameter expanded tubes such as pressurized nuclear reactor steam generator tubes whose internal diameter is slightly less than 0.020 m. The operating conditions adopted for the internal hardening of the cast steel tubes are obviously not applicable to the case of expanded tubes. It is obvious also that the devices used for internal curing of the molded tube are not applicable in the case of tu- b are rolled into the tube plate of a genera steam generator and especially in the case where one operates on a steam generator of a pressurized water nuclear reactor, after its commissioning, the tubes and the water box of the steam generator then being more or less irradiated.

Il convient dans ce cas de limiter au maximum la présente d'un opérateur au voisinage de la zone irradiée. Il faut donc maintenir l'ensemble de l'outillage du dispositif sur la plaque tubulaire, assurer l'étanchéité avec celle-ci, et commander automatiquement les mouvements de translation de la buse dans le tube, et enfin surveiller ces différentes phases de fonctionnement sans intervenir dans le générateur de vapeur.In this case, the presence of an operator in the vicinity of the irradiated area should be limited as much as possible. It is therefore necessary to maintain all of the tooling of the device on the tube plate, to seal it, and to automatically control the translational movements of the nozzle in the tube, and finally monitor these different operating phases without intervene in the steam generator.

Le but de l'invention est donc de proposer un procédé de mise en compression par martelage superficiel, d'un tube de générateur de vapeur serti dans une plaque tubulaire de façon qu'une de ses extrémités affleure sur l'une des faces de la plaque tubulaire et que les tubes soient saillants sur l'autre face de cette plaque, le sertissage du tube étant effectué par laminage de sa paroi a l'intérieur de la plaque tubulaire, entre son extrémité affleurant la première face et une zone située au niveau de la seconde face de la plaque tubulaire. ce procédé permettant de créer des contraintes de compression en peau interne du tube et donc d'améliorer la résistance a la corrosion par le fluide primaire du générateur de vapeur passant dans les tubes, sans entraîner de risques de rayures de la surface interne du tube.The object of the invention is therefore to propose a method of compressing, by surface hammering, a steam generator tube crimped in a tubular plate so that one of its ends is flush with one of the faces of the tubular plate and that the tubes are projecting on the other face of this plate, the crimping of the tube being carried out by rolling its wall inside the tubular plate, between its end flush with the first face and an area located at of the second face of the tube plate. this process making it possible to create compression stresses in the internal skin of the tube and therefore to improve the resistance to corrosion by the primary fluid of the steam generator passing through the tubes, without causing any risk of scratching the internal surface of the tube.

Dans ce but, on dirige un courant de gaz a grande vitesse chargé de particules en un matériau d'une dureté supérieure a la dureté du matériau du tube et d'une granulométrie comprise entre 50 et 500.10-6 m, sur la surface interne du tube, dans des directions radiales par rapport au tube et sur toute sa périphérie, la vitesse du gaz et la densité des particules dans ce gaz étant telle que le débit massique des particules venant frapper la surface interne du tube pour effectuer son détensionnement soit supérieur à 0,008 kg/sec et de préférence à 0.010 kg/sec. pour un tube d'un diamètre intérieur voisin de 0.020 mètre.For this purpose, a high-speed gas stream charged with particles is directed in a material with a hardness greater than the hardness of the tube material and with a particle size between 50 and 500.10 -6 m, on the internal surface of the tube, in radial directions with respect to the tube and over its entire periphery, the speed of the gas and the density of the particles in this gas being such that the mass flow of the particles coming to strike the surface internal of the tube for its stress relieving is greater than 0.008 kg / sec and preferably 0.010 kg / sec. for a tube with an internal diameter close to 0.020 meters.

L'invention est également relative a un dispositif permettant de mettre en oeuvre le procédé suivant l'invention, en particulier sur un générateur de vapeur de réacteur nucléaire à eau sous pression, après sa mise en service.The invention also relates to a device making it possible to implement the method according to the invention, in particular on a steam generator of a pressurized water nuclear reactor, after its commissioning.

On va maintenant décrire, à titre d'exemple non limitatif, en se référant aux Figures jointes en annexe, un mode de réalisation du procédé suivant l'invention et plusieurs modes de réalisation d'un dispositif utilisé pour sa mise en oeuvre.

  • - la Fig.1 est une demi-vue en coupe d'un tube dudgeonné dans une plaque tubulaire, avant son détensionnement;
  • - la Fig.2 est une vue en coupe de la boite à eau d'un générateur de vapeur d'un réacteur nucléaire a eau sous pression dans laquelle on a mis en place un outillage pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé suivant l'invention;
  • - la Fig.2a est une vue a plus grande échelle et en coupe du détail A de la Fig.2 montrant de façon schématique l'outillage en position de travail au niveau de la zone de transition d'un tube;
  • - la Fig.2b est une vue agrandie du détail B de la Fig.2;
  • - la Fig. 3 est une vue schématique de l'ensemble du dispositif permettant la mise en oeuvre du procédé suivant l'invention;
  • - la Fig. 4 est une vue à plus grande échelle du détail A de la Fig. 3 montrant un mode de réalisation préférentiel de l'outillage;
  • - la Fig. 5 est une vue agrandie du détail B de la Fig. 3;
  • - la Fig. 6 est une vue en élévation du mécanisme d'avance du tuyau de la buse d'injection;
  • - la Fig. 7 est une vue à plus grande échelle en coupe suivant la ligne VII-VII de la Fig. 6;
  • - la Fig.8 est une vue en coupe d'un outillage pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé suivant l'invention, et suivant une variante de réalisation.
We will now describe, by way of nonlimiting example, with reference to the attached figures, an embodiment of the method according to the invention and several embodiments of a device used for its implementation.
  • - Fig.1 is a half-sectional view of a tube expanded in a tubular plate, before its stress relieving;
  • - Fig.2 is a sectional view of the water box of a steam generator of a pressurized water nuclear reactor in which a tool has been put in place for implementing the method according to the invention ;
  • - Fig.2a is an enlarged view in section of detail A in Fig.2 schematically showing the tool in the working position at the transition zone of a tube;
  • - Fig.2b is an enlarged view of detail B of Fig.2;
  • - Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the seems of the device allowing the implementation of the method according to the invention;
  • - Fig. 4 is an enlarged view of detail A in FIG. 3 showing a preferred embodiment of the tool;
  • - Fig. 5 is an enlarged view of detail B in FIG. 3;
  • - Fig. 6 is an elevational view of the advance mechanism of the pipe of the injection nozzle;
  • - Fig. 7 is an enlarged sectional view along the line VII-VII of FIG. 6;
  • - Fig.8 is a sectional view of a tool for implementing the method according to the invention, and according to an alternative embodiment.

Sur la Fig.1, on voit un tube 1 d'un générateur de vapeur serti à l'intérieur d'un alésage 3 traversant une plaque tubulaire 2 sur toute son épaisseur. Le sertissage du tube 1 a été réalisé par dudgeonnage, c'est à dire par laminage de la paroi du tube à l'intérieur de son alésage, entre la face d'entrée 4 de la plaque tubulaire et la face de sortie 5 par laquelle le tube pénètre dans le corps de générateur de vapeur. L'extrémité 1a du tube 1 affleure sur la face 4 de la plaque tubulaire et une soudure entre cette extrémité la du tube et la plaque tubulaire complète la fixation du tube.In Fig.1, we see a tube 1 of a steam generator crimped inside a bore 3 passing through a tubular plate 2 over its entire thickness. The crimping of the tube 1 was carried out by swaging, that is to say by rolling the wall of the tube inside its bore, between the inlet face 4 of the tubular plate and the outlet face 5 through which the tube enters the steam generator body. The end 1a of the tube 1 is flush with the face 4 of the tube plate and a weld between this end 1a of the tube and the tube plate completes the fixing of the tube.

On voit que la partie déformée du tube comporte des zones laminées 8 successives correspondant aux différentes positions du dudgeon à l'intérieur du tube, pendant le sertissage. Au niveau de la face de sortie 5 de la plaque tubulaire, le tube 1 présente une zone de transition 7 d'une certaine longueur entre sa partie déformée et sa partie non déformée restée à son diamètre nominal. Dans cette zone 7, des contraintes résiduelles de traction apparaissent en peau interne et en peau externe du tube après sertissage.It can be seen that the deformed part of the tube comprises successive laminated zones 8 corresponding to the different positions of the dudgeon inside the tube, during crimping. At the outlet face 5 of the tube plate, the tube 1 has a transition zone 7 of a certain length between its deformed part and its non-deformed part which has remained at its nominal diameter. In this zone 7, constraints your tensile residuals appear on the inner skin and the outer skin of the tube after crimping.

Sur la Fig.2, on voit la partie inférieure d'un générateur de vapeur comportant la plaque tubulaire 2 traversée par des tubes tels que 1 et une boite à eau hémisphérique 10 du côté de la face d'entrée 4 de la plaque tubulaire.In Fig.2, we see the lower part of a steam generator comprising the tube plate 2 through which tubes such as 1 and a hemispherical water box 10 on the side of the inlet face 4 of the tube plate.

La boite à eau 10 est séparée en deux par une cloison 11, l'eau sous pression constituant le fluide primaire arrivant dans la boite à eau d'un côté de la cloison 11 et sortant de cette boite à eau de l'autre côté par des tubulures telles que 12. Chaque tube 1 plié en forme de U a l'une de ses extrémités débouchant dans une partie de la boite à eau et son autre extrémité débouchant dans l'autre partie de la boite à eau. Le fluide primaire peut ainsi circuler à l'intérieur de chacun des tubes dans la partie supérieure du générateur de vapeur non représentée sur la Fig.2, au-dessus de la face de sortie 5 de la plaque tubulaire 2.The water box 10 is separated in two by a partition 11, the pressurized water constituting the primary fluid arriving in the water box on one side of the partition 11 and leaving this water box on the other side by tubes such as 12. Each tube 1 bent in a U shape has one of its ends opening into a part of the water box and its other end opening into the other part of the water box. The primary fluid can thus circulate inside each of the tubes in the upper part of the steam generator not shown in FIG. 2, above the outlet face 5 of the tube plate 2.

On a également représenté sur la Fig.2, un outillage 15 introduit dans la boite à eau du générateur de vapeur par un trou de visite 14. Cet outillage est mis en place et maintenu à l'intérieur de la plaque tubulaire, pendant l'opération de détensionnement des tubes, par un porte-outil 60 permettant de placer l'outillage successivement dans chacun des tubes à détensionner. Ce porte-outil peut être du type décrit dans le FR-A-2.309.314 déposé par la demanderesse.Also shown in Fig.2, a tool 15 introduced into the water box of the steam generator through a manhole 14. This tool is put in place and maintained inside the tube plate, during the tube stress relieving operation, by a tool holder 60 allowing the tooling to be placed successively in each of the tubes to be stress relieved. This tool holder can be of the type described in FR-A-2,309,314 filed by the applicant.

On va maintenant décrire l'outillage 15 en se référant aux Fig.2A et 2b. Cet outillage comporte une gaine externe 16 reliée à l'une de ses extrémités à un manchon de dérivation 17 et engagée à son autre extrémité dans une cloche de fixation 18 maintenue sous la plaque tubulaire 2 par le support d'outillage, avec interposition d'un 3oint d'étanchéité 19 entre la cloche 18 et la face d'entrée 5 de la plaque tubulaire constituée par la surface revêtue 2A de cette plaque venant en contact ave le fluide primaire.We will now describe the tool 15 with reference to Fig.2 A and 2b. This tool comprises an outer sheath 16 connected at one of its ends to a bypass sleeve 17 and engaged at its other end in a fixing bell 18 held under the tube plate 2 by the tool support, with interposition of a 3-anointed sealing 19 between the bell 18 and the entrance face 5 of the tube plate consisting of the 2A coated surface of this plate coming into contact with the primary fluid.

A l'intérieur de la gaine 16 est engagée une gaine 20 de plus faible diamètre portant à sa partie supérieure une buse profilée 21 surmontée d'un bouchon centreur 22 dont le diamètre extérieur correspond au diamètre interne nominal du tube 1.Inside the sheath 16 is engaged a sheath 20 of smaller diameter carrying at its upper part a profiled nozzle 21 surmounted by a centering plug 22 whose outside diameter corresponds to the nominal internal diameter of the tube 1.

En amont du manchon de dérivation 17, la gaine intérieure 20 est reliée a un ensemble d'injection de particules comportant un moyen de pompage d'air sous pression et un distributeur de particules en quantité dosée dans le courant d'air sous pression. Lorsque l'outillage est en service, il arrive ainsi par la gaine centrale 20 de cet outillage, de l'air chargé en particules à grande vitesse. Les particules sont constituées par des micro-billes en acier inoxydable amagnétique dont la granulométrie est comprise entre 100 et 300.10-6 m. Si le bouchon centreur 22 n'obture pas complètement le tube 1, on injecte de l'air dans la partie supérieure du tube, au-dessus du bouchon 22 pour renvoyer les billes vers le bas.Upstream of the bypass sleeve 17, the inner sheath 20 is connected to a particle injection assembly comprising a means for pumping air under pressure and a distributor of particles in quantity dosed in the stream of air under pressure. When the tool is in service, it thus arrives via the central sheath 20 of this tool, air loaded with particles at high speed. The particles consist of micro-beads made of non-magnetic stainless steel with a particle size between 100 and 300.10 -6 m. If the centering plug 22 does not completely close the tube 1, air is injected into the upper part of the tube, above the plug 22 to return the balls downwards.

La gaine extérieure 16 et la gaine intérieure 20 de l'outillage sont constituées sur une partie de leur longueur par des tubes souples pouvant subir des flexions pour leur orientation a l'intérieur de la boite a eau du générateur de vapeur.The outer sheath 16 and the inner sheath 20 of the tool are formed over part of their length by flexible tubes which can undergo bending for their orientation inside the water box of the steam generator.

La gaine intérieure 20 est montée glissante dans la branche 17a du manchon de dérivation 17 de façon à pouvoir être guidée a son entrée dans la gaine extérieure 16. La branche 17b du manchon de dérivation 17 est reliée à une station de pompage permettant d'exercer une certaine aspiration dans la gaine extérieure 16, autour de la gaine intérieure 20.The inner sheath 20 is slidably mounted in the branch 17a of the bypass sleeve 17 so that it can be guided as it enters the outer sheath 16. The branch 17b of the bypass sleeve 17 is connected to a pumping station allowing to exert a certain suction in the outer sheath 16, around the inner sheath 20.

Pour la mise en oeuvre du dispositif, le générateur de vapeur est à l'arrêt, refroidi et vidé de son eau ; la cloche 18 et la gaine extérieure 16 étant mises en place sous la plaque tubulaire à la verticale d'un tube 1 par un support d'outillage qui peut être déplacé à l'intérieur de la boite à eau, on engage la gaine intérieure 20 dans la gaine extérieure 16 de façon que la partie supérieure comportant la buse d'injection 21 se trouve en face de la zone de transition 7 du tube. On effectue alors le martelage intérieur du tube sur toute la longueur de la zone de transition par déplacement en translation dans le sens ascendant de la gaine 20 et de la buse 21, à vitesse lente et régulière de l'ordre de 0,002 m/sec, la gaine intérieure 20 étant alimentée en un mélange d'air ou autre gaz sous pression et de micro-billes de grande dureté. Dans le cas des tubes de générateur de vapeur, en alliage de nickel dont le diamètre intérieur est voisin de 0,020m, on effectue un balayage d'une zone du tube située de part et d'autre de la face de sortie de la plaque tubulaire sur une longueur voisine de 0,20 m, cette zone enveloppant la zone de transition. Le réglage du débit d'air et de la densité de charge de cet air de projection en micro-billes est tel que le débit massique des billes est voisin de 0,010kg/sec. Les micro-billes propulsées dans l'air à grande vitesse (voisine de 300 m/s) ont un trajet qui est infléchi par la buse 21 de façon que leur direction soit sensiblement radiale lorsqu'elles viennent frapper la surface intérieure du tube dans la zone de transition. La répartition des billes est sensiblement homogène, si bien que l'ensemble de la périphérie du tube subit un martelage.For the implementation of the device, the steam generator is stopped, cooled and emptied of its water; the bell 18 and the outer sheath 16 being placed under the tubular plate vertically of a tube 1 by a tool support which can be moved inside the water box, the inner sheath 20 is engaged in the outer sheath 16 so that the upper part comprising the injection nozzle 21 is opposite the transition zone 7 of the tube. The internal hammering of the tube is then carried out over the entire length of the transition zone by displacement in translation in the ascending direction of the sheath 20 and of the nozzle 21, at slow and steady speed of the order of 0.002 m / sec, the inner sheath 20 being supplied with a mixture of air or other gas under pressure and very hard micro-balls. In the case of steam generator tubes, made of nickel alloy whose internal diameter is close to 0.020 m, a zone of the tube located on either side of the outlet face of the tube plate is scanned. over a length close to 0.20 m, this zone enveloping the transition zone. The adjustment of the air flow and the charge density of this projection air in micro-balls is such that the mass flow of the balls is close to 0.010 kg / sec. The micro-balls propelled into the air at high speed (close to 300 m / s) have a path which is deflected by the nozzle 21 so that their direction is substantially radial when they strike the inner surface of the tube in the transition zone. The distribution of the balls is substantially homogeneous, so that the entire periphery of the tube is hammered.

Après leur impact, les billes sont aspirées dans l'espace entourant la gaine 20, d'abord à l'intérieur du tube 1 dans la plaque tubulaire, puis dans la gaine extérieure 16 avant d'être récupérées en aval des manchons 17.After their impact, the balls are sucked into the space surrounding the sheath 20, first inside the tube 1 in the tubular plate, then in the outer sheath 16 before being recovered downstream from the sleeves 17.

Dans la partie du tube laminée à l'intérieur de la plaque tubulaire, les billes effectuent lors de leur retour avec l'air de projection aspiré par l'installation de pompage, un martelage de cette partie du tube comportant de légéres aspérités entre les zones laminées 8.In the part of the tube laminated inside the tube plate, the balls effect upon their return with the projection air sucked in by the pumping installation, a hammering of this part of the tube comprising slight asperities between the zones laminated 8.

En se reportant aux Fig. 3 à 7, on va maintenant décrire un mode de réalisation préférentiel d'un dispositif de mise en compression par martelage des tubes du générateur de vapeur représenté sur la figure 2. Les éléments correspondants du dispositif représenté sur les figures 2a et 2b et du dispositif représenté sur les figures 3 à 7 portent les mêmes repères.Referring to Figs. 3 to 7, we will now describe a preferred embodiment of a device for compressing by hammering the tubes of the steam generator shown in FIG. 2. The corresponding elements of the device shown in FIGS. 2a and 2b and of the device shown in Figures 3 to 7 bear the same references.

Ce dispositif comporte à sa partie supérieure une tête d'injection désignée dans son ensemble par la référence 31 constituée par un corps tubulaire rigide 32. Une douille 33 (Fig. 4) munie d'un joint circulaire d'extrémité 34 est vissée sur la partie supérieure du corps 32.This device comprises at its upper part an injection head designated as a whole by the reference 31 constituted by a rigid tubular body 32. A socket 33 (Fig. 4) provided with an end circular seal 34 is screwed onto the upper body 32.

L'ensemble de la tête d'injection 31 est positionné face au tube 1 qui débouche dans la plaque tubulaire 2, et maintenu en position par le porte-outil 60 qui peut se déplacer de façon autonome dans la boite à eau. Ce porte-outil 60, représenté partiellement sur la Fig. 4, comporte un vérin 61 dont le cylindre 62 est solidaire dudit porte-outil 60 et dont le piston 63 est solidaire du corps 32 de la tête d'injection 31 par l'intermédiaire d'une tige de prolongement 64 et d'un support 35. Le choix du vérin 61 est tel que par manque de pression, la tête d'injection 31 est en position haute par rapport au porte-outil 60. Par conséquent, lorsque le porte-outil 60 est à une distance déterminée de la plaque tubulaire 2, et que le vérin 61 n'est pas soumis à une pression d'air comprimé, la tête d'injection 31 appuie sur la face inférieure 4 de ladite plaque tubulaire et l'étanchéité est assurée par la force exercée de bas en haut sur le joint circulaire 34. Le corps 32 de la tête d'injection 31 est monté souple sur le support 35 de façon à aligner correctement l'axe de ladite tête sur l'axe du tube 1 à traiter, même s'il y a un défaut de positionnement du porte-outil 60.The entire injection head 31 is positioned facing the tube 1 which opens into the tube plate 2, and held in position by the tool holder 60 which can move autonomously in the water box. This tool holder 60, partially shown in FIG. 4, comprises a jack 61 whose cylinder 62 is integral with said tool holder 60 and whose piston 63 is integral with body 32 of head injection 31 via an extension rod 64 and a support 35. The choice of the jack 61 is such that by lack of pressure, the injection head 31 is in the high position relative to the holder tool 60. Consequently, when the tool holder 60 is at a determined distance from the tube plate 2, and the jack 61 is not subjected to a pressure of compressed air, the injection head 31 presses on the underside 4 of said tubular plate and sealing is ensured by the force exerted from bottom to top on the circular seal 34. The body 32 of the injection head 31 is mounted flexible on the support 35 so as to correctly align the axis of said head on the axis of tube 1 to be treated, even if there is a positioning defect in the tool holder 60.

La partie inférieure de la tête d'injection 31 est connectée à une gaine externe 16 par un raccord démontable rapide 37 représenté schématiquement sur la Fig. 3. L'autre extrémité de la gaine externe 16 est reliée à un manchon de dérivation 38.The lower part of the injection head 31 is connected to an external sheath 16 by a quick removable connector 37 shown diagrammatically in FIG. 3. The other end of the outer sheath 16 is connected to a bypass sleeve 38.

A l'intérieur de la gaine externe 16 est engagée une gaine interne 39 dont une extrémité débouche dans la tête d'injection 31 et dont l'autre extrémité est également reliée au manchon 38.Inside the external sheath 16 is engaged an internal sheath 39, one end of which opens into the injection head 31 and the other end of which is also connected to the sleeve 38.

L'extrémité de la gaine interne 39 est maintenue dans la tête d'injection 31, par une pièce de centrage 40 (Fig. 4) ayant la forme d'une étoile à trois branches pour permettre le recyclage des particules comme on le verra ultérieurement. Le bord supérieur de la gaine interne 39 est muni d'un joint à lèvres 41.The end of the internal sheath 39 is held in the injection head 31, by a centering piece 40 (Fig. 4) having the shape of a three-pointed star to allow recycling of the particles as will be seen later. . The upper edge of the internal sheath 39 is provided with a lip seal 41.

La gaine extérieure 16 et la gaine intérieure 39 sont constituées par des tuyaux souples pouvant subir des flexions pour leur orientation à l'intérieur de la boite à eau du générateur de vapeur.The outer sheath 16 and the inner sheath 39 are constituted by flexible pipes which can undergo bending for their orientation inside. of the steam generator water box.

Par ailleurs, à l'intérieur de la gaine interne 39 est engagée une gaine tubulaire formée par un tube flexible 20 de plus faible diamètre portant, à sa partie supérieure, par l'intermédiaire d'un manchon creux 43, une buse d'injection 44. Cette buse 44 comporte une vis 45, sur laquelle sont montées des brosses circulaires 46 dont le diamètre extérieur correspond sensiblement au diamètre interne du tube 1, une entretoise 47 et un déflecteur 48. L'ensemble de la buse 44 qui constitue un bloc facilement démontable, est vissé par l'intermédiaire de la vis 45 dans une pièce de centrage 49 soudée dans le manchon creux 43. Cette pièce de centrage 49 a la forme d'une étoile à trois branches de façon à permettre le passage des particules amenées par le tube flexible 20. L'entretoise 47 permet de conserver un écart constant entre les brosses 46 et le déflecteur 48 qui est donc positionné à proximité de l'orifice de sortie du manchon creux 43. Ces brosses 46 assurent le centrage de la buse d'injection 44 et le nettoyage du tube 1 au moment de la descente de ladite buse. D'autre part, elles peuvent éventuellement empêcher le passage des microbilles.Furthermore, inside the internal sheath 39 is engaged a tubular sheath formed by a flexible tube 20 of smaller diameter carrying, at its upper part, via a hollow sleeve 43, an injection nozzle 44. This nozzle 44 comprises a screw 45, on which are mounted circular brushes 46 whose outside diameter corresponds substantially to the internal diameter of the tube 1, a spacer 47 and a deflector 48. The assembly of the nozzle 44 which constitutes a block easily removable, is screwed by means of the screw 45 in a centering piece 49 welded in the hollow sleeve 43. This centering piece 49 has the shape of a star with three branches so as to allow the passage of the particles brought by the flexible tube 20. The spacer 47 makes it possible to maintain a constant distance between the brushes 46 and the deflector 48 which is therefore positioned near the outlet orifice of the hollow sleeve 43. These brushes 46 ensure the centering of the nozzle inje ction 44 and cleaning the tube 1 at the time of descent of said nozzle. On the other hand, they can possibly prevent the passage of microbeads.

Le tube flexible 20 est monté glissant à l'intérieur de la branche 38a du manchon de dérivation 38 (Fig. 5) de façon à pouvoir être guidé à son entrée dans la gaine interne 39. De plus, la gaine interne 39, dont l'extrémité est fixée dans la branche 38a du manchon 38, ménage le long dudit tube flexible 20, un petit espace annulaire 50 qui est relié par un orifice 51 prévu dans la branche 38a du manchon 38 à une source d'amenée de gaz sous pression, non représentée.The flexible tube 20 is slidably mounted inside the branch 38a of the bypass sleeve 38 (Fig. 5) so that it can be guided as it enters the internal sheath 39. In addition, the internal sheath 39, whose l end is fixed in the branch 38a of the sleeve 38, household along said flexible tube 20, a small annular space 50 which is connected by an orifice 51 provided in the branch 38a of the sleeve 38 to a source of pressurized gas supply , not shown.

Le flux gazeux ainsi créé dans l'espace annulaire 50 assure le centrage du tube flexible 20 à l'intérieur de la gaine interne 39 et évite tout frot- tement entre ces deux éléments au moment de l'introduction de la buse d'injection 44 et pendant le déplacement du tube flexible. Enfin, ce flux gazeux évite le retour des particules dans cet espace annulaire.The gas flow thus created in space an nulaire 50 ensures the centering of the flexible tube 20 inside the inner sheath 39 and avoids any rubbing t ly between these two elements at the time of the introduction of the injection nozzle 44 and during movement of the flexible tube. Finally, this gas flow prevents particles from returning to this annular space.

En se reportant maintenant à la Fig. 3, on voit que le tube flexible 20 est relié, en amont du manchon de dérivation 38, à un ensemble l0 d'injection de particules. Les particules peuvent être constituées par des microbilles en un matériau métallique, en verre ou en céramique dont la granulométrie est comprise entre 50 et 500 microns.Referring now to FIG. 3, it can be seen that the flexible tube 20 is connected, upstream of the bypass sleeve 38, to a set 10 of particle injection. The particles can be formed by microbeads made of a metallic material, glass or ceramic whose particle size is between 50 and 500 microns.

Cet ensemble 70 comprend une trémie de stockage 71 raccordée à un réservoir de mise en pression 72 par une vanne de remplissage 73. Ce réservoir 72 est relié dans sa partie haute directement à une arrivée 74 de gaz comprimé, et dans sa partie basse avec le tube flexible 20 par l'intermédiaire d'une vanne d'injection 75 des microbilles. Le tube flexible 20 est également relié à l'arrivée de gaz comprimé 74 par une vanne 76.This assembly 70 includes a storage hopper 71 connected to a pressurizing tank 72 by a filling valve 73. This tank 72 is connected in its upper part directly to an inlet 74 of compressed gas, and in its lower part with the flexible tube 20 via an injection valve 75 of the microbeads. The flexible tube 20 is also connected to the compressed gas inlet 74 by a valve 76.

La branche 38b du manchon de dérivation 38, qui communique avec l'espace compris entre la gaine externe 16 et la gaine interne, est raccordée par une gaine 16b à un système de pompage 80 des microbilles. Ce système de pompage comporte un séparateur 81 équipé d'un filtre 82 pour filtrer le gaz aspiré par une pompe 83. A sa partie inférieure, le séparateur 81 est muni d'un sas 84 de contrôle du volume qui débouche dans un bac 85 de récupération des microbilles équipé d'un dispositif de pesée 86. Les déplacements longitudinaux du tube flexible 20 et par conséquent de la buse d'injection 44 dans le tube du générateur de vapeur à marteler sont assurés par un mécanisme d'avance 90 disposé entre le manchon de dérivation 38 et l'ensemble d'injection 70.The branch 38b of the bypass sleeve 38, which communicates with the space between the outer sheath 16 and the inner sheath, is connected by a sheath 16b to a pumping system 80 for the microbeads. This pumping system comprises a separator 81 equipped with a filter 82 to filter the gas sucked in by a pump 83. At its lower part, the separator 81 is provided with an airlock 84 for volume control which opens into a tank 85 of recovery of microbeads equipped with a weighing device 86. The longitudinal displacements of the flexible tube 20 and consequently of the injection nozzle 44 in the tube of the steam generator to be hammered are provided by an advance mechanism 90 disposed between the bypass sleeve 38 and the injection assembly 70.

Ce mécanisme d'avance 90, représenté plus en détail sur les Fig. 6 et 7, est constitué par un bâti parallélépipédique 91 formant une cage longitudinale à l'intérieur de laquelle sont montées deux courroies crantées 92 et 93. Ces deux courroies 92 et 93 sont guidées à chaque extrémité du bâti 91 par des poulies 94 et, entre lesdites poulies, par des cornières 95 et 96 en forme de L fixées sur l'une des parois du bâti 91.This advance mechanism 90, shown in more detail in FIGS. 6 and 7, is constituted by a parallelepipedic frame 91 forming a longitudinal cage inside which are mounted two toothed belts 92 and 93. These two belts 92 and 93 are guided at each end of the frame 91 by pulleys 94 and, between said pulleys, by L-shaped angles 95 and 96 fixed to one of the walls of the frame 91.

Les courroies 92 et 93 comportent chacune une gorge longitudinale 92a et 93a et ménagent entre elles dans l'axe du bâti un couloir longitudinal 97. Dans ce couloir longitudinal 97 est introduit le tube flexible 20 qui est positionné dans les gorges 92a et 93a des courroies 92 et 93 afin d'assurer son guidage au cours de son déplacement.The belts 92 and 93 each have a longitudinal groove 92a and 93a and form between them in the axis of the frame a longitudinal corridor 97. In this longitudinal corridor 97 is introduced the flexible tube 20 which is positioned in the grooves 92a and 93a of the belts 92 and 93 in order to ensure its guidance during its movement.

La rotation des courroies 92 et 93 est commandée par un moteur 98 dont l'arbre de sortie est raccordé à l'une des poulies 94 par un système d'entraînement 99.The rotation of the belts 92 and 93 is controlled by a motor 98, the output shaft of which is connected to one of the pulleys 94 by a drive system 99.

La transmission du mouvement longitudinal entre les courroies 92 et 93 et le tube flexible 20 est commandée par une pièce 100 solidaire de la courroie 92, et qui comporte deux branches internes 100a et 100b venant pincer ledit tube 20.The transmission of the longitudinal movement between the belts 92 and 93 and the flexible tube 20 is controlled by a piece 100 integral with the belt 92, and which has two internal branches 100a and 100b pinching said tube 20.

Pour contrôler et limiter le déplacement du tube flexible 20, des détecteurs de position 101 de la pièce 100 sont montés dans l'axe du couloir longitudinal 97.To control and limit the movement of the flexible tube 20, position detectors 101 of the part 100 are mounted in the axis of the longitudinal corridor 97.

Pour la mise en oeuvre du dispositif, la tête d'injection 31 est mise en place sous la plaque tubulaire 2 à la verticale d'un tube 1 par le porte-outil 60 qui peut être déplacé à l'intérieur de la boite à eau, et on raccorde la tête d'injection 31 à la gaine externe 16 par le raccord 37. On introduit, dans la gaine externe 16, la gaine interne 39 et on monte le manchon de dérivation 38 en raccordant la branche 38b à la gaine 16b.For the implementation of the device, the injection head 31 is placed under the plate tubular 2 vertically from a tube 1 by the tool holder 60 which can be moved inside the water box, and the injection head 3 1 is connected to the external sheath 16 by the connector 37. Is introduced into the outer sheath 16, the inner sheath 39 and the bypass sleeve 38 is mounted by connecting the branch 38b to the sheath 16b.

On monte sur le manchon creux 43 la buse d'injection 44, et on engage le tube flexible 20 à l'intérieur de la gaine interne 39. Le flux gazeux introduit dans l'espace 50 assure le guidage du tube flexible dans la gaine interne 39 et évite tout frottement.The injection nozzle 44 is mounted on the hollow sleeve 43, and the flexible tube 20 is engaged inside the internal sheath 39. The gas flow introduced into the space 50 guides the flexible tube in the internal sheath 39 and avoids any friction.

Ensuite, on déplace le tube flexible 20 de façon que la partie supérieure comportant la buse d'injection 44 se trouve en face de la zone du tube à marteler. On effectue alors le martelage intérieur du tube sur toute la longueur désirée, en déplaçant en translation, par l'intermédiaire du mécanisme d'avance et de contrôle 90, le tube flexible 20 et la buse 44 à vitesse lente et régulière, le tube 20 étant alimenté, par l'ensemble d'injection 70 en un mélange d'air ou autre gaz sous pression et de microbilles de grande dureté. Les microbilles propulsées dans le gaz à grande vitesse ont un trajet qui est infléchi par le déflecteur 48 de façon que leur direction soit sensiblement radiale lorsqu'elles viennent frapper la surface du tube.Then, the flexible tube 20 is moved so that the upper part comprising the injection nozzle 44 is opposite the zone of the tube to be hammered. The internal hammering of the tube is then carried out over the entire desired length, by moving in translation, by means of the advance and control mechanism 90, the flexible tube 20 and the nozzle 44 at slow and regular speed, the tube 20 being supplied by the injection assembly 70 with a mixture of air or other pressurized gas and very hard microbeads. The microbeads propelled in the gas at high speed have a path which is deflected by the deflector 48 so that their direction is substantially radial when they strike the surface of the tube.

Après leur impact, les microbilles sont aspirées par le système de pompage 80, d'abord dans l'espace compris entre la gaine externe 16 et la gaine interne 39, puis dans la branche 38b du manchon 38 et dans la gaine 16b. Sous l'effet du gaz sous pression introduit dans l'espace 50 et par l'intermédiaire du joint à lèvres 41, les microbilles ne peuvent pas pénétrer entre la gaine interne 39 et le tube flexible 20.After their impact, the microbeads are aspirated by the pumping system 80, first in the space between the outer sheath 16 and the inner sheath 39, then in the branch 38b of the sleeve 38 and in the sheath 16b. Under the effect of the pressurized gas introduced into the space 50 and through the lip seal 41, the microbeads cannot penetrate between the internal sheath 39 and the flexible tube 20.

Les microbilles sont ainsi aspirées dans le séparateur 81 et récupérées dans le sas 84, et ensuite transférées dans le bac de récupération 85 qui est pesé. Ce pesage final est un moyen de s'assurer que la quantité de microbilles récupérées est équivalente à la quantité de microbilles injectées.The microbeads are thus sucked into the separator 81 and recovered in the airlock 84, and then transferred to the recovery tank 85 which is weighed. This final weighing is a way of ensuring that the quantity of microbeads recovered is equivalent to the quantity of microbeads injected.

Sur la Fig.8, on voit un mode de réalisation un peu différent du dispositif de martelage, les éléments correspondants du dispositif représenté à la Fig.2a et du dispositif représenté à la Fig.8 étant désignés par les mêmes repères.In Fig.8, we see a slightly different embodiment of the hammering device, the corresponding elements of the device shown in Fig.2a and the device shown in Fig.8 being designated by the same references.

La gaine souple 20 d'introduction du mélange de gaz et de micro-billes est engagée pour sa mise en oeuvre dans un ensemble de guidage et d'étanchéité comportant un bouchon expansible 25 préalablement introduit dans le tube à détensionner et une cloche de récupération des billes 27 maintenue en position sous la plaque tubulaire 2 par un support d'outillage déplaçable d'un tube à un autre dans la boite à eau du générateur de vapeur. Cette cloche 27 est reliée à une installation de pompage non représentée, elle est montée étanche par l'intermédiaire d'un joint sous la face d'entrée 4 de la plaque tubulaire.The flexible sheath 20 for introducing the mixture of gases and micro-balls is engaged for its implementation in a guide and sealing assembly comprising an expandable plug 25 previously introduced into the tube to be tensioned and a bell for recovering balls 27 held in position under the tube plate 2 by a tool support movable from one tube to another in the water box of the steam generator. This bell 27 is connected to a pumping installation not shown, it is mounted leaktight by means of a seal under the inlet face 4 of the tubular plate.

La buse 21 de l'outillage est prolongée par un axe 26 engagé glissant dans le bouchon 25 pour le guidage de la buse dans la zone de transition 7 du tube.The nozzle 21 of the tool is extended by an engaged pin 26 sliding in the plug 25 for guiding the nozzle in the transition zone 7 of the tube.

Les conditions opératoires pour le détensionnement par écrouissage interne du tube sont les mêmes que précédemment. Les micro-billes sont récupérées dans la cloche 27 après leur impact sur les parois du tube.The operating conditions for the stress relieving by internal work hardening of the tube are the same as previously. The micro-beads are collected in the bell 27 after their impact on the pa kings of the tube.

On voit que les principaux avantages du procédé et du dispositif suivant l'invention sont de permettre de réaliser un martelage interne du tube parfaitement défini et de ne nécessiter que des dispositifs d'une conception simple et faciles à utiliser et à commander à distance.It can be seen that the main advantages of the method and of the device according to the invention are that they allow internal hammering of the perfectly defined tube and only require devices of a simple design that are easy to use and to control remotely.

De plus, lorsqu'on utilise le dispositif dans le mode de réalisation préférentiel, les déplacements de l'outillage s'accompagnent de frottements très faibles ; dans le cas où une intervention doit avoir lieu sur la buse d'injection 44, l'opérateur peut a distance, au moyen du porte-outil 60, amener la tête d'injection 31 au trou d'homme 14 de la boite à eau du générateur de vapeur. Il peut, par l'intermédiaire du raccord 37, déconnecter rapidement la tête d'injection 31 de la gaine externe 16. Cette opération permet de sortir facilement l'ensemble de la buse d'infection 44 en dévissant la tige filetée 45 et de vérifier ou de changer les pièces 44, 47, 48 qui composent ladite buse.In addition, when the device is used in the preferred embodiment, the movements of the tool are accompanied by very low friction; in the event that an intervention must take place on the injection nozzle 44, the operator can remotely, by means of the tool holder 60, bring the injection head 31 to the manhole 14 of the water box of the steam generator. It can, via the connector 37, quickly disconnect the injection head 31 from the external sheath 16. This operation makes it possible to easily remove the assembly from the infection nozzle 44 by unscrewing the threaded rod 45 and checking or to change the parts 44, 47, 48 which make up said nozzle.

L'invention ne se limite pas aux modes de réalisation qui ont été décrits. C'est ainsi qu'il est possible d'utiliser des micro-billes ou d'autres particules en un matériau métallique quelconque ou en un matériau non métallique dur tel que le verre ou la céramique dont la granulométrie peut varier de 50 a 500.10-6 m et de préférence entre 50 et 250.10 m. Le débit massique de ces billes dans l'air de protection peut être un peu inférieur à ce qui a été indiqué. mais ce débit massique ne doit pas cependant descendre en-dessous de 0,008 kg/sec. pour obtenir un effet de martelage adéquat, avec des vitesses du gaz porteur et de ces particules, au moment de l'impact, qui ne sont pas inférieures a 50 m/s, dans le cas de tubes d'un diamètre voisin de 0,020 m.The invention is not limited to the embodiments which have been described. Thus it is possible to use microbeads or other particles in any metallic material or in a hard non-metallic material such as glass or ceramic whose particle size can vary from 50 to 500.10 - 6 m and preferably between 50 and 250.10 m. The mass flow rate of these balls in the protective air may be a little lower than what has been indicated. however, this mass flow rate must not fall below 0.008 kg / sec. to obtain an adequate hammering effect, with velocities of the carrier gas and of these particles, at the time of impact, which are not not less than 50 m / s, in the case of tubes with a diameter close to 0.020 m.

On peut utiliser des micro-billes ou des particules d'une forme différente de la forme sphérique. Le matériau choisi pour les microbilles doit avoir une dureté supérieure a la dureté du matériau du tube, qui est généralement un alliage de nickel dans le cas des générateurs de vapeur des réacteurs nucléaires.Microbeads or particles of a shape different from the spherical shape can be used. The material chosen for the microbeads must have a hardness greater than the hardness of the tube material, which is generally a nickel alloy in the case of steam generators of nuclear reactors.

On peut également régler la pression du gaz porteur des micro-billes et/ou la dépression créée par le dispositif d'aspiration pour favoriser la récupération des billes a la partie inférieure du tube.It is also possible to adjust the pressure of the gas carrying the micro-balls and / or the vacuum created by the suction device to promote the recovery of the balls from the lower part of the tube.

En particulier, il sera possible d'utiliser uniquement un moyen d'aspiration pour assurer la circulation et la récupération des billes.In particular, it will be possible to use only a suction means to ensure the circulation and recovery of the balls.

Ces billes peuvent être légerement contaminées après passage dans les tubes du générateur de vapeur et il peut être nécessaire de les isoler ou de les décontaminer après leur utilisation.These beads may be slightly contaminated after passing through the steam generator tubes and it may be necessary to isolate or decontaminate them after use.

On peut évidemment concevoir d'autres types d'outillage que ceux qui ont été décrits pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé suivant l'invention. En particulier, on peut concevoir des outillages pour effectuer le martelage par choc de billes, dans d'autres parties des tubes que la zone de transition ou la zone dudgeonnée à l'intérieur de la plaque tubulaire, par exemple des outillages permettant de marteler la surface interne des tubes dans leur partie supérieure cintrée.It is obviously possible to design other types of tooling than those which have been described for implementing the method according to the invention. In particular, it is possible to design tools for hammer impact hammering, in other parts of the tubes than the transition zone or the expanded area inside the tube plate, for example tools for hammering the internal surface of the tubes in their curved upper part.

On peut également imaginer l'utilisation du procédé du dispositif suivant l'invention pour la mise en compression des tubes de générateur de vapeur différents des tubes en alliage de nickel des générateurs de vapeur des réacteurs nucléaires à eau sous pression.One can also imagine the use of the method of the device according to the invention for the compression of the steam generator tubes different from the nickel alloy tubes of the generators of steam from pressurized water nuclear reactors.

Enfin, on peut utiliser ce procédé aussi bien pour des tubes d'un générateur de vapeur déjà mis en service que pour des tubes d'un générateur de vapeur neuf dont la boite à eau a déjà été mise en place.Finally, this process can be used both for tubes of a steam generator already in service and for tubes of a new steam generator whose water box has already been put in place.

Claims (17)

1. Procédé de mise en compression par martelage d'un tube (1) de générateur de vapeur serti dans une plaque tubulaire (2) de façon qu'une de ses extrémités affleure sur l'une des faces (4) de la plaque tubulaire et que le tube (1) soit saillant sur l'autre face (5) de cette plaque (2), le sertissage du tube (1) étant effectué par laminage de sa paroi à l'intérieur de la plaque tubulaire (2) entre son extrémité (1a) affleurant la première face (4) et une zone (7) située au niveau de la seconde face de la plaque tubu- lalre, caractérisé par le fait qu'on dirige un courant de gaz à grande vitesse chargé de particules en un matériau d'une dureté supérieure à la dureté du matériau du tube (1) et d'une granulométrie comprise entre 50 et 500.10 6 m, sur la surface interne du tube (1), dans des directions radiales par rapport au tube et sur toute sa périphérie, la vitesse du gaz et la densité des particules dans ce gaz étant telles que le débit massique des particules venant frapper la surface interne du tube (1) pour effectuer son détensionnement soit supérieur a 0,008 kg/sec et de préférence à 0,010 kg/sec, pour un tube d'un diamètre intérieur voisin de 0,020 mètre.1. Method for compressing by hammering a tube (1) of a steam generator crimped in a tubular plate (2) so that one of its ends is flush with one of the faces (4) of the tubular plate and that the tube (1) protrudes from the other face (5) of this plate (2), the crimping of the tube (1) being carried out by rolling its wall inside the tube plate (2) between its end (1a) flush with the first face (4) and a zone (7) located at the level of the second face of the tube plate, characterized by the fact that a stream of gas at high speed charged with particles is directed of a material with a hardness greater than the hardness of the material of the tube (1) and of a particle size between 50 and 500.10 6 m, on the internal surface of the tube (1), in radial directions relative to the tube and over its entire periphery, the speed of the gas and the density of the particles in this gas being such that the mass flow of the particles coming to strike the surface internal of the tube (1) to carry out its stress relief is greater than 0.008 kg / sec and preferably 0.010 kg / sec, for a tube with an internal diameter close to 0.020 meters. 2. Procédé de mise en compression suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le courant de gaz chargé de particules a une vitesse au moins égale à 50 m/s au moment de l'impact.2. Compression method according to claim 1, characterized in that the stream of gas charged with particles has a speed at least equal to 50 m / s at the time of impact. 3. Procédé de mise en compression suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 1 et 2, caractérisé par le fait que les particules sont constituées par des micro-billes dont le diamètre est compris entre 50 et 250.10-6 m.3. A method of compression according to any one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the particles consist of micro-balls whose diameter is between 50 and 250.10 -6 m . 4.- Procédé de mise en compression suivant l'une des revendications 1 et 2, dans le cas d'un tube (1) d'un générateur de vapeur d'un réacteur nucléaire à eau sous pression, en alliage de nickel, caractérisé par le fait que les particules sont des micro-billes en acier inoxydable non magnétique qui ont un diamètre compris entre 100 et 300.10-6 m.4. Compression method according to one of claims 1 and 2, in the case of a tube (1) of a steam generator of a pressurized water nuclear reactor, made of nickel alloy, characterized by the fact that the particles are non-magnetic stainless steel micro-balls which have a diameter between 100 and 300.10 -6 m. 5. Procédé de mise de compression suivant la revendication 4, caractérisé par le fait que les micro-billes ont un débit massique dans le gaz d'injection voisin de 0,010 kg/sec, la zone d'impact des billes étant déplacée longitudinalement dans le tube a une vitesse constante de l'ordre de 0,002 m/sec. sur une longueur de l'ordre de 0,20 m de façon a balayer une zone du tube située au voisinage de la seconde face de la plaque tubulaire, constituant la zone de transition entre la partie déformée et la partie non déformée du tube.5. A method of compressing according to claim 4, characterized in that the micro-balls have a mass flow rate in the injection gas close to 0.010 kg / sec, the impact zone of the balls being displaced longitudinally in the tube at a constant speed of the order of 0.002 m / sec. over a length of the order of 0.20 m so as to sweep an area of the tube located in the vicinity of the second face of the tube plate, constituting the transition area between the deformed part and the non-deformed part of the tube. 6.- Procédé de mise en compression suivant la revendication 3, caractérisé par le fait que les micro-billes sont en un matériau non métallique dur tel que le verre ou la céramique.6. Compression method according to claim 3, characterized in that the micro-balls are made of a hard non-metallic material such as glass or ceramic. 7. Procédé de mise en compression suivant l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par le fait que les particules sont récupérées au niveau de la première face (4) de la plaque, après leur impact sur la surface intérieure du tube (1) et leur parcours vers cette première face (4), dans la partie déformée du tube (1) a l'intérieur de la plaque tubulaire (2).7. Compression method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the particles are recovered at the first face (4) of the plate, after their impact on the inner surface of the tube (1) and their course towards this first face (4), in the deformed part of the tube (1) inside the tubular plate (2). 8. Dispositif de mise en compression d'un tube (1) de générateur de vapeur serti dans une plaque tubulaire (2) de façon qu'une de ses extrémités affleure sur l'une des faces (4) de la plaque tubulaire (2) et que le tube soit saillant sur l'autre face (5) de cette plaque (2), le sertissage du tube étant effectué par laminage de sa paroi à l'intérieur de la plaque tubulaire (2) entre son extrémité affleurant la première face (4) et une zone située au niveau de la seconde face (5) de la plaque tubulaire (2), caractérisé par le fait qu'il comporte un moyen (16,18, 27) fixé autour de l'extrémité du tube (1) affleurant sur la face (4) de la plaque tubulaire (2) de façon étanche, constituant une enveloppe, dans laquelle coulisse une gaine tubulaire souple (20) portant à son extrémité une buse profilée (21, 44) et des moyens de guidage dans le tube (22,26,25,46), l'enveloppe (16,-18,27) étant reliée à un moyen d'aspiration et la gaine tubulaire (20) à un moyen d'injection de gaz chargé en particules, la buse (21,44) comportant une partie (48) de guidage des particules, dirigée radialement par rapport au tube, lorsque la gaine (20) est introduite dans ce tube (1) et guidée par les moyens (22, 25, 26, 46).8. Device for compressing a tube (1) of a steam generator crimped in a tubular plate (2) so that one of its ends is flush with one of the faces (4) of the tubular plate (2) and that the tube is projecting on the other face (5) of this plate (2), the crimping of the tube being carried out by rolling its wall inside the tubular plate (2) between its flush end the first face (4) and a zone situated at the level of the second face (5) of the tubular plate (2), characterized in that it comprises a means (16,18, 27) fixed around the end of the tube (1) flush with the face (4) of the tubular plate (2) in leaktight manner, constituting an envelope, in which slides a flexible tubular sheath (20) carrying at its end a profiled nozzle (21, 44) and guide means in the tube (22,26,25,46), the casing (16, -18,27) being connected to a suction means and the tubular sheath (20) to a means for injecting gas loaded with particles, the nozzle (21,44) comprising a part (48) for guiding the particles, directed radially with respect to the tube, when the sheath (20) is introduced into this tube (1) and guided by the means ( 22 , 25, 26, 46). 9. Dispositif de mise en compression suivant la revendication 8, caractérisé par le fait que l'enveloppe (16,18) est constituée par une cloche (18) fixée de façon étanche sous la plaque tubulaire (2) et une gaine souple (16) engagée par une de ses extrémités dans la cloche (18) et dont l'autre extrémité est reliée à un manchon de dérivation (17) comportant une branche (17a) pour le passage et le guidage de la gaine souple (20) à l'intérieur de la gaine souple (16) et une branche (17b) reliée au moyen d'aspiration.9. Compression device according to claim 8, characterized in that the envelope (16,18) is constituted by a bell (18) fixed in leaktight manner under the tubular plate (2) and a flexible sheath (16 ) engaged by one of its ends in the bell (18) and the other end of which is connected to a bypass sleeve (17) comprising a branch (17a) for the passage and guidance of the flexible sheath (20) to the 'interior of the flexible sheath (16) and a branch (17b) connected to the suction means. 10.- Dispositif de mise en compression suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 8 et 9, caractérisé par le fait que l'enveloppe (16), fixée de manière étanche autour de l'extrémité du tube (1) affleurant sur la face (4) de la plaque tubulaire (2) et dans laquelle coulisse la gaine tubulaire formée par un tube flexible (20), comporte intérieurement des moyens (39) de guidage et de centrage du tube flexible (20) portant à son extrémité la buse d'injection de gaz chargé en particules.10.- compression device according to any one of claims 8 and 9, characterized in that the envelope (16), fixed in a sealed manner around the end of the tube (1) af flowering on the face (4) of the tubular plate (2) and in which slides the tubular sheath formed by a flexible tube (20), internally comprises means (39) for guiding and centering the flexible tube (20) bringing to its end the nozzle for injecting gas loaded with particles. 11.- Dispositif de mise en compression suivant la revendication 10, caractérisé par le fait que les moyens de guidage et de centrage du tube flexible (20) sont constitués par une gaine interne (39) disposée autour dudit tube flexible et ménageant avec ce dernier un espace annulaire (50) dans lequel est injecté un gaz sous pression, dans le même sens que le sens de circulation des particules.11.- compression device according to claim 10, characterized in that the means for guiding and centering the flexible tube (20) are constituted by an internal sheath (39) disposed around said flexible tube and forming with the latter an annular space (50) into which a gas is injected under pressure, in the same direction as the direction of circulation of the particles. 12.- Dispositif de mise en compression suivant la revendication 11, caractérisé par le fait que l'enveloppe (16) est maintenue de manière étanche autour de l'extrémité du tube (1) par l'intermédiaire d'une tête d'injection (31) constitué par un corps (32) qui est monté souple sur un support (35) solidaire d'un porte-outil (60). 1 2.- compression device according to claim 11, characterized in that the envelope (16) is held tightly around the end of the tube (1) by means of a head injection (31) consisting of a body (32) which is flexible mounted on a support (35) integral with a tool holder (60). 13.- Dispositif de mise en compression suivant la revendication 12, caractérisé par le fait que l'une des extrémités de la gaine interne (39) est maintenue dans la tête d'injection (31) par une pièce de centrage (40) ayant la forme d'une étoile à trois branches et comporte sur son bord supérieur un joint à lèvres (41).13.- compression device according to claim 12, characterized in that one of the ends of the internal sheath (39) is held in the injection head (31) by a centering piece (40) having the shape of a three-pointed star and has on its upper edge a lip seal (41). 14.- Dispositif de mise en compression suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 12 et 13, caractérisé par le fait que la partie inférieure de la tête d'injection (31) est connectée à l'enveloppe externe (16) par un raccord démontable rapide (37).14.- compression device according to any one of claims 12 and 13, characterized in that the lower part of the injection head (31) is connected to the outer casing (16) by a removable connector fast (37). 15.- Dispositif de mise en compression suivant la revendication 8, caractérisé par le fait que la buse d'injection (44) est montée sur une pièce de centrage (49) qui est soudée dans un manchon creux (43) fixé à l'extrémité du tube flexible (20).15.- compression device according to claim 8, characterized in that the injection nozzle (44) is mounted on a centering piece (49) which is welded in a hollow sleeve (43) fixed to the end of the flexible tube (20). 16.- Dispositif de mise en compression suivant la revendication 15, caractérisé par le fait que la buse d'injection (44) constitue un bloc facilement démontable comportant une vis (45) engagée dans la pièce de centrage 49 sur laquelle sont montées des brosses circulaires (46), une entretoise (47) et un déflecteur (48).16.- compression device according to claim 15, characterized in that the injection nozzle (44) constitutes an easily removable block comprising a screw (45) engaged in the centering piece 49 on which brushes are mounted circular (46), a spacer (47) and a deflector (48). 17.- Dispositif de mise en compression suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 15 et 16, caractérisé par le fait que la pièce de centrage (49) a la forme d'une étoile à trois branches pour permettre le passage des particules amenées par le tube flexible (20).17.- compression device according to any one of claims 15 and 16, characterized in that the centering piece (49) has the shape of a star with three branches to allow the passage of the particles brought by the flexible tube (20).
EP85402093A 1984-11-09 1985-10-30 Method and apparatus for compressing by hammering a steam generator tube placed in a tube wall Expired EP0181810B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8417130 1984-11-09
FR8417130A FR2572965B1 (en) 1984-11-09 1984-11-09 METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR HAMMER COMPRESSION OF A STEAM GENERATOR TUBE SET IN A TUBULAR PLATE
FR8510175 1985-07-03
FR8510175A FR2584320B2 (en) 1985-07-03 1985-07-03 DEVICE FOR COMPRESSION BY HAMMING OF A STEAM GENERATOR TUBE CRIMPED IN A TUBULAR PLATE

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EP0181810A1 true EP0181810A1 (en) 1986-05-21
EP0181810B1 EP0181810B1 (en) 1988-10-05

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EP (1) EP0181810B1 (en)
KR (1) KR920008669B1 (en)
BR (1) BR8505633A (en)
CA (1) CA1248859A (en)
DE (1) DE3565366D1 (en)
ES (2) ES8703312A1 (en)
IN (1) IN166218B (en)
YU (2) YU172685A (en)

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FR2612291A1 (en) * 1987-03-13 1988-09-16 Framatome Sa DEVICE AND METHOD FOR CONTROLLING THE EFFICIENCY OF PARTICLE HAMMING OF THE INTERIOR SURFACE OF A STEAM GENERATOR TUBE
EP0284476A1 (en) * 1987-03-13 1988-09-28 Framatome Device and method for shot peening of the inner surface of a steam generator tube and for checking the efficiency of the shot peening
US4893490A (en) * 1987-03-13 1990-01-16 Framatome Device and process for controlling the effectiveness of particle hammering of the inner surface of a steam generator tube
EP0574771A1 (en) * 1992-06-19 1993-12-22 Ivan Markocic Abrasive plant
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EP0622156A1 (en) * 1993-04-27 1994-11-02 Westinghouse Electric Corporation A systenm and method for shot peening reactor vessel penetrations
WO1999029470A1 (en) * 1997-12-05 1999-06-17 Jens Werner Kipp Blasting method for cleaning pipes
CN110125315A (en) * 2019-05-23 2019-08-16 二重（德阳）重型装备有限公司 The forging forming method of main pipeline pipe with asymmetric ozzle

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ES548703A0 (en) 1987-02-16
ES8703312A1 (en) 1987-02-16
YU135188A (en) 1990-12-31
KR860004267A (en) 1986-06-20
IN166218B (en) 1990-03-31
KR920008669B1 (en) 1992-10-08
US4713882A (en) 1987-12-22
DE3565366D1 (en) 1988-11-10
BR8505633A (en) 1986-08-12
ES8707681A1 (en) 1987-08-16
ES550402A0 (en) 1987-08-16
YU172685A (en) 1988-12-31
US4706356A (en) 1987-11-17
CA1248859A (en) 1989-01-17
EP0181810B1 (en) 1988-10-05

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