EP0178391B1 - Tubular door closer - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a tubular door closer with the features in the preamble of the main claim.

Such a tubular door closer is known from DE-A-1 459 181. It has a tension member in the form of a molded body made of plastic, in which reinforcing strands are embedded. The design of the molded body is such that the tension member can only be bent in one direction. The material of the molded body is distributed in such a way that a greater material accumulation is provided at the ends than in the middle, so that the section modulus is lowest in the middle. This arrangement is intended to ensure that the tension member does not abut the wing stops, the pivot bearing or the edge of the steering frame in the open position of the door. An S-shaped buckling when closing is also to be prevented.

The known tubular door closer has the disadvantage that the tension member can buckle in the weakened central area when the door is forcibly closed. The tubular door closer can only be assembled and adjusted with increased effort.

In practice, tubular door closers with tension members in the form of a lever system are also known. However, this is very prone to failure and is quickly damaged by warping or moving the door. In addition to a limitation of the maximum opening angle, there are also disadvantages with regard to the installation accuracy and the storage effort, since a separate lever system is required for each type of door.

Starting from DE-A-1 459 181, it is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a tubular door closer which is easier and more precise to install and adjust with greater operational reliability.

The invention solves this problem with the features of the main claim.

The tension member according to the invention allows the opening angle of the door to be of any size and can therefore also be used for swing doors. The tension member consists of a strain-resistant wire rope that transmits the tensile forces, while the flexible plastic sheathing in all directions ensures a soft bending line of the wire rope and prevents kinking.

A wide variety of embodiments are possible as flexible tension members, for example a wide variety of steel wires, ropes, cables made from Keflar or carbon fibers or the like. However, these different tension members must be tensile to the extent that they do not stretch too far under load and thus undesirably change the damping and closing characteristics of the tubular door closer. The sheathing is preferably made of polyurethane, which has good sliding properties with high wear resistance and elasticity. The sheathing can be connected to the wire rope directly, for example by pouring.

The tension member according to the invention also allows improvements in terms of mountability and adjustment. This means that the distance between the piston rod and the fixed pivot point on the door frame can be changed. This is done by the piston rod being adjustably guided, preferably screwed, in a guide sleeve. Depending on the design of the tension member, the sleeve is then rotated relative to the piston rod or vice versa. The same effect is achieved if the tension member is fastened on the other side in a clamping bush, which in turn can be adjusted in the longitudinal direction with respect to a fixed frame piece. With these measures, which can also be carried out when the tubular door closer is installed, the pre-tensioning of the damper can also be adjusted after the tubular door closer has been installed. In addition, different distances between the frame and the door frame as well as warpage and the like can be compensated. It is also possible to use one type of pipe closer for a wide variety of door shapes.

The preferred embodiment brings with it further assembly advantages. The pressure-resistant tension member is rigidly connected at its frame-side end to the clamping sleeve, which in turn is freely displaceable in the direction of the frame in the frame piece, but a serrated ring prevents the clamping sleeve from being pulled out of the frame piece. This automatically adjusts the correct length of the tension member when the door is closed for the first time. When the door is closed, the pressure-resistant tension member pushes the clamping sleeve further and further into the frame piece until the correct end position is reached when the door is closed. In this position, the serrated ring secures the clamping sleeve against being pulled out of the frame piece when the door is opened again. The mutual position of the clamping sleeve and frame piece is then finally fixed with a locking screw. Now that the correct length of the tension member has been set taking into account all dimensional deviations in the door area, all that is required is to set the correct damper preload by adjusting the piston rod relative to the guide sleeve.

The sheathed wire rope, which is guided in a loop, easily forms the elastic, tensile and pressure-resistant traction means required for the function described above. In addition, the closed loop end can be rigidly connected to the clamping sleeve in a particularly simple manner, while the positive connection between the open wire ends and the guide sleeve can be particularly easily assembled and disassembled.

The preferred embodiment also has advantages with regard to the dismantling of the tubular door closer. With the door open a blocking pin can be inserted into the recess between the casings at the tip end of the wedge-shaped access gap, which supports the tensile forces of the damping cylinder on the frame of the door leaf. This relieves the closed loop end on the frame side and can be easily removed.

To increase the durability of tubular door closers, the invention further provides an axial bearing between the compression spring and the piston, which in addition to reducing wear on the piston and compression spring also enables the arrangement of a pressure relief valve. If an opened door is closed by force, not enough oil can flow through the throttle through the piston via the closing movement. In practice, this was the cause of considerable damage to tubular door closers. The pressure relief valve according to the invention remedies this by guiding an additional oil flow into the annular groove on the piston, which pushes the bearing disc away and can flow off at a corresponding excess pressure. As soon as the overpressure has been released, the compression spring presses the bearing disk against the ring groove in the piston so that the throttle is effective again.

• Fig. 1 eine teilweise geschnittene Draufsicht auf eine geöffnete Türe mit Rohrtürschließer,
• Fig. 2 eine teilweise geschnittene, vergrößerte Seitenansicht einer geschlossenen Türe mit Rohrtürschließer entsprechend Pfeil A aus Fig. 1 und
• Fig. 3 einen vergrößerten, abgebrochenen Längsschnitt durch den kolbenseitigen Bereich eines hydraulischen Dämpfzylinders,
• Fig. 4 eine vergrößerte Detailansicht einer Führungshülse entsprechend Pfeil B in Fig. 2 und

The invention is shown in the drawings, for example and schematically. In detail show:

• 1 is a partially sectioned plan view of an open door with tubular door closer,
• Fig. 2 is a partially sectioned, enlarged side view of a closed door with tubular door closer according to arrow A from Fig. 1 and
• 3 is an enlarged, broken longitudinal section through the piston-side area of a hydraulic damping cylinder,
• Fig. 4 is an enlarged detail view of a guide sleeve according to arrow B in Fig. 2 and

Fig. 1 shows a top view schematically a tubular door closer 4 in its assignment to a door, consisting of door leaf 1 and frame 2. The door leaf 1 is hinged to the frame 2 via hinges 3. The tubular door closer 4 consists of a damper 12, a flexurally elastic tension member 5 and a fixed fitting part 11. The damper 12 is designed in this embodiment as a hydraulic damping cylinder, in which the piston rod 14 is the movable part. In addition, other embodiments of dampers can also be used in general. In the exemplary embodiment shown, the damping cylinder 12 is mounted horizontally in the door leaf 1 (cf. FIG. 2), while the fitting part 11 is arranged in a fixed manner in the frame 2. This assignment can also be reversed.

The hydraulic damping cylinder 12 has a piston rod 14 with a piston 16, a throttle valve 19, a compression spring 18 and a stationary stop 17. At the other end, the piston rod 14 is mounted in a guide sleeve 15 which is guided in the tube 13 (see FIG. 2) of the damping cylinder 12 so as to be longitudinally displaceable. The flexurally elastic tension member engages on the one hand on the guide sleeve 15 or the piston rod 14 and on the other hand on the fitting part 11. When the door is opened, the damping cylinder 12 moves away from the fitting part 11 in an arc, the flexurally elastic and tensile tension member 5 pulling the piston rod 14 with the piston 16 against the resistance of the compression spring 18 supported on the stop 17. This pull-out movement is damped by the throttle valve 19. The tension member 5 follows the opening movement of the door leaf 1 by bending more and more over the opening angle. Opening angles of up to 180 ° are possible. To close the door, the spring 18 pushes the piston 16 back into its starting position.

Fig. 2 shows a broken, sectioned side view of a tubular door closer 4 according to Fig. 1. In Fig. 2, the door is closed, so that the piston rod 14 with the guide sleeve 15 is retracted in the tube 13 and the tension member 5 is immersed accordingly deep in the tube 13 .

The tube 13 of the damping cylinder lies in a corresponding recess in the door leaf 1 and is screwed to the door leaf 1 at the end face via a flange plate 24. At the same time, the fitting part 11 is screwed to the frame 2 on the end face via a flange plate 25.

The tension member 5 consists of a steel wire 6 cast into a polyurethane sheathing 7. The wire 6 is guided in a loop with its sheathing 7, the open loop ends 42 being fastened to the guide sleeve 15 and the closed loop end 43 being fastened to the fitting part 11.

The fitting part 11 consists of a tubular frame piece 20 rigidly connected to the flange plate 25, in which a likewise tubular clamping sleeve 21 is guided so as to be longitudinally adjustable. In the exemplary embodiment shown, this is a simple sliding guide. The clamping sleeve 21 is fixed on one side with respect to the frame piece 20 by means of a toothed ring 23. Due to its inclined position, the toothed ring allows the clamping sleeve to move freely with respect to the frame piece 20 in the direction of the arrow C. In the opposite direction, however, it hooks onto the roughened surface of the clamping sleeve 21 and locks itself against a groove in the frame piece 20. The clamping sleeve 21 can thus counteract the direction of arrow C cannot be pulled from the frame piece 20. To secure the mutual position of the clamping sleeve 21 and the frame piece 20, a locking screw 22 is further provided.

The closed loop end 43 of the sheathed 7 wire rope 6 is positively guided and fastened in all directions in the clamping bush 21. The clamping sleeve 21 presses the two sheaths 7 radially together. In the axial direction, the closed loop end 43 is positively guided by a collar 10 on each of the two sheaths 7 on one side of the clamping bush 21. On the other hand, the wire loop protrudes a little beyond the clamping sleeve 21 and is exposed from the sheath 7 in this area. A safety pin 8 is inserted through the wire loop 6 and thus produces a form-fitting guide with the other side of the clamping bush 21.

The piston rod 14 is guided in a longitudinally adjustable manner via a thread in the guide sleeve 15. In other embodiments, this guide can also be designed differently. In this exemplary embodiment, the guide sleeve 15 has a central bore 41 through which the piston rod 14 with its hexagon socket 45 is accessible from the end face of the guide sleeve 15. With a corresponding tool, the piston rod 14 can be axially adjusted relative to the guide sleeve 15.

The tension member 5 is fastened to the guide sleeve 15 with the open loop ends 42. The attachment points are located on the outside on the edge of the guide sleeve 15 and are diametrically opposite to one another via the central bore 41. In this way, the forces are transmitted uniformly from the guide sleeve 15 to the tension member 5.

As shown in FIG. 2, the thickness of the sheaths 7 is selected such that the sheaths 7 pressed together by the clamping sleeve 21 and also still lying together in the entrance area of the tube 13 are smaller in diameter than the tube 13. Due to the edge-side attachment to the guide sleeve 15 the open loop ends 42 are spread apart, which creates a wedge-shaped gap 40 between the two sheaths 7. With a correspondingly wide open door 1 and a correspondingly large pull member 5 pulled out of the tube 13, the gap 40 and thus the central bore 41 and the hexagon socket 45 are accessible from the outside.

At the tip end of the wedge-shaped gap 40, the two jackets 7 together have a circular recess 9 running through the tension member 5, into which a blocking pin can be inserted when the door 1 is correspondingly wide open. The blocking pin then supports the closing force of the damping cylinder 12 introduced via the open loop ends 42 on the flange place 24, as a result of which the closed loop end 43 and the fitting part 11 are relieved of tensile forces. The diameter of the recess 9 is chosen so large that the desired support is effective even with a slight spreading of the closed loop end 43.

The open loop ends 42 are fastened to the guide sleeve 15 via a positive connection 26. FIG. 4 shows this positive connection 26 in a plan view according to arrow B from FIG. 2. In the guide sleeve 15, two radially extending hammer head grooves 27 are incorporated are accessible from the circumference of the guide sleeve 15 and their narrow opening faces the end face of the guide sleeve 15. The free ends of the wire 6 are bared from the sheath 7 in the region of the guide sleeve 15 and are connected to a clamping piece 28. The wire ends are inserted outside the tube 13 with their clamping pieces 28 from the outside into the hammer head grooves 27 and are secured in the installed state by the tube 13 against falling out. The positive connection acting in the pulling direction then takes place between the clamping pieces 28 and the hammer head grooves 27.

The sheaths 7 are separated at the open loop ends 42 in such a way that they abut the guide sleeve 15 on the end face when the open wire ends are inserted and the closed loop end 43 is fastened in the clamping sleeve 21. The sheaths 7 also have bevels 44 in the region of their expansion on the circumference, by means of which they lie flat against the pipe 13 and are guided. The tension member 5 shown in Fig. 2 is thus also pressure-resistant.

To assemble the tubular door closer 4 in the door, the tension member 5 is first fastened to the guide sleeve 15 and in the clamping sleeve 21 and then the damping cylinder 12 is mounted in the door leaf 1. When the door is open, the clamping sleeve 21 is then inserted into the frame piece 20 and then the door is closed. The pressure-resistant tension member then pushes the clamping sleeve 21 into the frame piece 20 when the door closes, where it automatically locks the toothed ring 23 in the correct position when the door is closed. When the door is then opened again, the desired preload of the damping cylinder 12 can then be set via the hexagon socket 45.

3 shows the rear part of the damping cylinder 12. The piston 16 is fastened on the hollow piston rod 14. Between the compression spring 18 and the piston 16, an axial bearing 29, preferably an axial ball bearing, is arranged on the piston rod 14 so as to be longitudinally displaceable, which is pressed by the compression spring 18 against the piston 16.

The throttle valve 19 consists of a throttle rod 34 which is axially adjustably guided in the front end of the damping cylinder 12 and which projects with its other end through a valve piece 17 in the piston 16 into the hollow piston rod 14. In its front part, the throttle rod 34 has a bevel 35 which rises in the direction of the arrow D and merges into a constriction 36 in the end region. When the door closes automatically, the compression spring 18 pushes the piston 16 in the direction of the arrow D. The gap between the bevel 35 and the valve piece 37 becomes ever narrower, so that less and less hydraulic oil from the chamber 47 via the control valve 39 into the chamber 46 can flow. The constriction 36 ensures the end of the door in the end region. The control valve 39 can be set in two stages for light and heavy doors. In the opposite direction, the throttle valve 19 is bridged via the return valve 38 in the piston 16.

An overpressure valve 30 is provided in order to be able to rapidly release a strong excess pressure in the chamber 47 which may occur during the closing movement of the door. This consists of a channel 32 in the piston 16, which is on the side of the chamber 46 in an end annular groove opens into the piston 16. In the normal state, the annular groove 31 is covered by the bearing disk 33. The compression spring 18 presses the bearing plate 33 sealingly with such force over the annular groove 31 that no hydraulic oil can escape. Only when the oil pressure in the chamber 47 and thus also in the annular groove 31 exceeds a predetermined value is the counterforce developed by the oil in the annular groove 31 so great that the bearing disk 33 lifts off the annular groove 31 against the force of the compression spring 18 and Oil can flow into the chamber 46. As soon as the pressure in the chamber 47 has dropped below the desired value, the force of the compression spring 18 is again greater than the counterforce developed by the oil in the annular groove 31, with the result that the bearing disk 33 is pressed over the annular groove 31 again in a sealing manner. The pressure relief valve 30 described can also be used in other types of door closers in addition to tubular door closers. The same applies to the axial bearing 29. In the exemplary embodiment in FIG. 1, the door hinge 3 is hinged directly to the door leaf 1 and frame 2. In a variation to this, the door hinge 3 can also be indirectly connected to the door leaf 1 and frame 2 by being articulated on the flange plates 24, 25 of the tubular door closer 4. The tubular door closer 4 thus represents a complete installation part which is only inserted and screwed into the corresponding holes in the door leaf 1 and frame 2. This makes installation considerably easier. With the assembly of the tubular door closer 4, door leaf 1 and frame 2 are also automatically adjusted against one another and held in the optimal position for the proper functioning of the tubular door closer. The remaining door hinges are then adjusted according to the one on the door closer. The above-described inventive concept can also be advantageously implemented in other door closers, in particular those with lever systems.

parts list

• 1 door leaf, door frame
• 2 frames
• 3 volume
• 4 tubular door closers
• 5 tension member
• 6 wire rope
• 7 sheathing, tube
• 8 locking pin
• 9 recess
• 10 level, covenant
• 11 fitting part
• 12 hydraulic cylinders, dampers
• 13 tube
• 14 piston rod
• 15 guide sleeve
• 16 pistons
• 17 stop
• 18 compression spring
• 19 throttle valve
• 20 frame piece
• 21 clamping bush
• 22 locking screw
• 23 point ring
• 24 flange plate
• 25 flange plate
• 26 positive connection
• 27 hammer head groove
• 28 clamping piece
• 29 thrust bearings
• 30 pressure relief valve
• 31 ring groove
• 32 channel
• 33 bearing washer
• 34 throttle rod
• 35 bevel
• 36 constriction
• 37 valve piece
• 38 return valve
• 39 control valve
• 40 gap
• 41 center hole
• 42 open loop end
• 43 closed loop end
• 44 bevel
• 45 hexagon socket
• 46 chamber
• 47 chamber

Claims (15)

1. Tubular door closer, comprising a damper preferably installed in the door leaf (1), in particular a hydraulic cylinder (12), a tension-proof tension member (5) resiliently bendable, engaging on the movable part (14) of the damper (12), in particular with a sheathed wire rope (6) and a fitting (11) preferably arranged in a stationary manner in the door frame (2) for the pivoting of the tension member (5) adjacent the frame, characterised in that the tension member (5) comprises a sheathing (7) of synthetic material which is resiliently bendable in several directions and is resistant to kinking and to compression, the tension member (5) being guided positively at least partly in the tube (13) of the damper (12).

2. Tubular door closer according to Claim 1, characterised in that the tension member (5) is clamped by its end adjacent to the frame in the fitting (11), whereas the other end penetrates the tube (13) of the tubular door closer (4).

3. Tubular door closer according to Claim 1 or 2, in which the tension member comprises a wire rope (6), characterised in that the wire rope (6) is encased by the sheathing, which preferably consists of polyurethane.

4. Tubular door closer according to Claims 1 and 2, characterised in that the fitting (11) consists of a frame member (20) attached in a stationary manner in the door frame (2) and of a clamping bush (21) guided to move longitudinally and lockable therein, in which the tension member (5) is fastened.

5. Tubular door closer according to Claim 4, characterised in that the clamping bush (21) is guided to slide longitudinally freely in the frame member (20) and is prevented from being withdrawn by a serrated ring (23) and a locking screw (22).

6. Tubular door closer according to Claims 1 and 2, characterised in that the piston rod (14) of the damper (12) is guided to move longitudinally in a guide sleeve (15) and that the tension member (5) is fastened to the guide sleeve (15).

7. Tubular door closer according to Claims 3 and 6, characterised in that the sheathed (7) wire rope (6) is guided double in the form of a loop, the two open loop ends (42) being attached to the guide sleeve (15) and the closed loop end (43) being attached to the fitting (11).

8. Tubular door closer according to Claims 1, 5 and 7, characterised in that the closed end of the loop (43) is clamped radially in the clamping bush (21) with sheathings (7) bearing one against the other and is fixed axially at one side by a collar (10) in the sheathings (7) and at the other side by a locking pin (8), which is inserted through the end of the wire loop projecting beyond the clamping bush (21) and exposed by the sheathing (7).

9. Tubular door closer according to Claim 7, characterised in that the guide sleeve (15) comprises a central bore (41) for the piston rod (14) and that the two open loop ends (42) are attached diagonally opposite each other in the edge region of the guide sleeve (15), the two ends of the loop (42) with their sheathings (7) leaving between them an access gap (40) in front of the central bore.

10. Tubular door closer according to Claim 9, characterised in that the ends of the loop (42) are releasably attached in the guide sleeve (15) by way of a positive connection (26), the guide sleeve (15) comprising hammer-head grooves (27) extending radially and accessible from outside, into which the ends of the wire exposed by the sheathing (7) and provided with a broad clamping member (28) are insertable.

11. Tubular door closer according to Claims 1 and 9, characterised in that at the open ends (42) of the loop, the sheathings (7) bear by their end faces against the guide sleeve (15) and are guided over a flat area by way of chamfers (44) on the periphery in the tube (13).

12. Tubular door closer according to Claims 8 and 9, characterised in that at the pointed end of the wedge-shaped access gap (40), the sheathings (7) form between them a recess (9) for a locking pin.

13. Tubular door closer according to Claim 1, characterised in that located between the piston (16) and the compression spring (18) of a hydraulic damper (12) is an axial bearing (29) guided to move longitudinally on the piston rod (14).

14. Tubular door closer according to Claim 13, characterised in that the piston (16) comprises a non-retum excess-pressure valve (30), which is formed by a feed channel (32), which opens into an annular groove (31) located on the end face in the piston and a bearing disc (33) covering the annular groove (31).

15. Tubular door closer according to Claim 1, characterised in that the door strap (3) is pivoted on the flange plates (24, 25) of the tubular door closer (4).

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