EP0174239B1 - Polarisierter Elektromagnet in symmetrischer Ausführung - Google Patents

Polarisierter Elektromagnet in symmetrischer Ausführung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0174239B1
EP0174239B1 EP85401598A EP85401598A EP0174239B1 EP 0174239 B1 EP0174239 B1 EP 0174239B1 EP 85401598 A EP85401598 A EP 85401598A EP 85401598 A EP85401598 A EP 85401598A EP 0174239 B1 EP0174239 B1 EP 0174239B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
polarized electromagnet
mobile
coil
electromagnet
piece
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP85401598A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0174239A1 (de
Inventor
Jean-Pierre Guery
Jacques Olifant
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Telemecanique SA
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Telemecanique Electrique SA
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Priority claimed from FR8412975A external-priority patent/FR2569299B1/fr
Priority claimed from FR8417829A external-priority patent/FR2573567B1/fr
Application filed by Telemecanique Electrique SA filed Critical Telemecanique Electrique SA
Priority to AT85401598T priority Critical patent/ATE34871T1/de
Publication of EP0174239A1 publication Critical patent/EP0174239A1/de
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Publication of EP0174239B1 publication Critical patent/EP0174239B1/de
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H51/00—Electromagnetic relays
    • H01H51/22—Polarised relays
    • H01H51/2209—Polarised relays with rectilinearly movable armature
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/13—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures characterised by pulling-force characteristics
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/16—Rectilinearly-movable armatures
    • H01F7/1638—Armatures not entering the winding
    • H01F7/1646—Armatures or stationary parts of magnetic circuit having permanent magnet
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/121—Guiding or setting position of armatures, e.g. retaining armatures in their end position
    • H01F7/122—Guiding or setting position of armatures, e.g. retaining armatures in their end position by permanent magnets

Definitions

  • Such polarized electromagnets which are in particular applicable to the control of switch devices such as relays or contactors and which are known from patents GB-A-2112 212 and FR-A-2 358 006 may well obviously be the object of a symmetrical construction around the only natural axis of symmetry that constitutes the axis of the coil.
  • French patent No 1 603 300 which relates to a polarized electromagnet in which the magnetizable part is movable through the coil, moreover mentions a possible implementation of such symmetry measures which does not, however, show a change in the nature of physical phenomena governing functioning.
  • the invention therefore proposes to bring to a polarized electromagnet having a symmetrical arrangement which implements elements corresponding to the constitution mentioned above, improvements capable of reducing the power necessary for the supply of the coil to operate its change of state when this electromagnet is at rest and to allow an adjustment of this electromagnet ensuring that the departure of the moving assembly is done well for the rise voltage.
  • An additional object which the invention proposes in the context of complementary measures, is to reduce the residual retention effects which may appear in the working position of the mobile structure, in particular when this structure is associated with electrical contacts whose wear and tear modifies the balance of elastic restoring forces.
  • a polarized electromagnet 1 comprises a first magnetizable structure or armature 2, which is constituted on the one hand, by a magnetizable core 3 placed longitudinally slidingly in the axis of symmetry XX 'of the internal bore 4 of a coil 5 capable of receiving or not on its terminals 6, 7 direct or rectified current and, on the other hand, by two magnetizable polar expansions 8, 9 which are integral with the core 3 and extend transversely relative to the axis XX '.
  • the bore 4 is part of a carcass 10, the details of which are specified later.
  • This magnetizable structure which will play here the role of the armature or mobile assembly of the electromagnet, has two opposite extensions 1 1, 12, which pass through two bearings 13, 14 made of non-magnetic material, the function of which is either providing complete guidance of the axial or longitudinal displacements of the core 3, or providing this guidance in combination with that which can be provided by a soft friction contact of this core with the bore 4; in a preferred embodiment the core moves without touching the surface of the bore 4, thanks to a rigorous alignment of the axis of the bore 4 (larger than the diameter of the core), and of the axis of two bores 71, 72 of the part holding these bearings 13, 14, see FIG. 2.
  • a second structure 15 which is permanently magnetized first comprises a second magnetizable part 16 having in the embodiment two longitudinal portions 17, 18 parallel to the axis XX 'and two opposite transverse extensions 19, 20, respectively 21, 22; in the illustrated embodiment, these portions and extensions are part of the same flat metal part, cut and folded to form a substantially rectangular frame, the junction line of which is preferably located on the axis XX ', for example at point 23.
  • This frame which can advantageously support the bearings 13, 14, has an axis of symmetry which coincides with the axis XX 'of the coil 5 which it surrounds, see FIG. 2.
  • the function of the bearing prefers 13 will be filled by a cylindrical plastic part 13 'which is fitted on the end 11 and which slides in a bore 13 "of the part 16 of axis XX', while the bearing 14 is carried by a part 14 ' made of plastic which carries the bore 14 "and which has two opposite and parallel grooves 70, 71 which are fitted on the opposite edges of an open groove, 72, 73 placed on either side of the junction 23.
  • This second structure 15 furthermore comprises two third magnetizable parts 24, 25 parallel to the axis XX ′, which are closer to the latter than the part 16 and which are each connected to a parallel portion 17, 18 by two permanent magnets 26, 27 whose magnetic axes NS, N'S 'are transverse.
  • a flange 30 of the bearing 13 serves as a support for the expansion 8 by providing between it and the part 16 an air gap e, while that the opening 9 is then separated from the ends 31, 32 of the parts 24, 25 by a larger air gap E.
  • This rest position is a stable position due to the closure of the flow 0 R of the permanent magnets which is established through the core, the air gaps and the part 16 in the absence of current in the coil, see FIG. 10.
  • the magnetic holding force due to the permanent flux depends on the inductions in the air gaps -E- and -e- whose facing clean surfaces are -S-, respectively -s-.
  • the induction of the air gap -E- is greater than that present in the other air gap, due to the low value that here takes -S-, since this value results from the comparison of two surfaces, one of which (that of part 25) is an end surface.
  • the reluctance R 2 of the air gap -E- is therefore greater than that R, of the air gap -e-.
  • pole shoes such as 25a, 25b were placed at the ends of the part 25 ', see FIG. 12, the surface -S'- would be greater, and the sensitivity of the adjustment of the holding force would be reduced.
  • the partial reluctances due to the air gaps d i and d 2 may, of respective surfaces J i , J 2 , be equal or different, as will be seen later; the choice of the ratio of the global reluctances R, at rest and R t at work also depends on the bistable or monostable behavior of the electromagnet.
  • this rise tension can be adjusted with good sensitivity by small axial displacements of the movable armature, which do not appreciably reduce the useful stroke of that -this.
  • curve III ′ in FIG. 13 shows how curve III would evolve if the overall reluctance R r established by the air gaps e and E and the surfaces S and s, for a given position, was equal to that Rt of the air gaps di and d 2 for an axially symmetrical position of the previous one relative to a central position 0; we see that the curve III presents with respect to the mean point 0 'a more pronounced asymmetry than that of the portion III', in order to give this electromagnet a monostable property.
  • Curve IV represents the useful attraction forces which have a non-rectilinear shape don the terminal value in position T is approximately one and a half times that developed in position R. This curve results from the difference of the attractions represented by curves 1 and III .
  • Curves IV and V show the evolution of the resistant forces that can be applied to the frame by a double slope spring from a substantially central position to the working position T.
  • the resistive force Q which is developed in the working position T in the corresponding direction can also result from the presence of return springs such as 36 and contact pressure springs such as 37 if the armature is mechanically connected to one or more contacts mobiles 38 cooperating with fixed contacts 40 of switches such as 39, as is the case when the electromagnet is used in a relay or a contactor, see FIG. 16.
  • the return spring 36 ' see FIG. 4, respectively 36 ", see FIG. 5, will have a non-linear characteristic to best adapt to the non-linear appearance of the magnetic forces exerted on the armature when it moves from position R to position T.
  • the characteristic F ′ can be obtained for example thanks to the use of a non-magnetic elastic blade 42, see FIG. 4, which is placed outside the part 16 ′ and of which two ends 43, 44 pass through openings or clearances 45, 46 thereof, while a central region 47 is distant from a certain distance -t-, possibly adjustable from the housing 73 by means of a fixed stop, wedge 48 resting on the latter.
  • the polar bloom 9 which is separated from the ends 43, 44 by a distance -c- must therefore carry out a preliminary stroke -c-, where no effort is encountered before the start of an elastic reaction of the blade 42 , and that a progressively increasing force F 'is exerted; the slope of the elastic forces will here be substantially that of curve 1 in FIG. 13 at point c ', see also FIG. 15; the effect of the stroke adjustment c (or of the thickness t) is visible in dotted lines in the same figure.
  • the characteristic F can be obtained for example by using a non-magnetic elastic blade 50, see FIG. 5, which is placed outside the part 16", and two ends 51, 52 of which pass through openings or clearances 45 , 46 while an eccentric region 53 of this blade is fixed (for example by a screw 54 on the part 16 ") to define different deformable elastic lengths L i , L 2 .
  • a helical compression spring with turns of variable diameters 36 " is used ', the largest turns of which gradually bear during their deformation against a stepped bearing surface which is for example carried by an auxiliary molded part 62a.
  • An electromagnet according to the invention can, in the context of an application to a contactor, be subject to adjustments capable of ensuring, on the one hand, its transition from the rest state R to the working condition T, with a given minimum excitation of its coil, and on the other hand, a smooth reverse passage during the de-excitation of the coil taking into account possible wear of the contacts.
  • the entire permanent magnetic structure 15 could also be moved in the opposite direction relative to the housing 67 of the contactor, using an adjustable stop 60 'acting against the return effect of a spring 70.
  • FIG. 5 Another method, see FIG. 5, consists in placing between a fixed surface 62 of the housing 63 and the movable contact carrier 64 attached to the frame 65 a removable wedge 66 having an appropriate thickness to define the effective rest position R '.
  • the first of these adjustment modes would reduce the useful travel too much, while the second would come up against an uneconomical implementation, and that the third adjustment mode would modify the value of the ampere-turns necessary for the call of the armature or would require the installation of permanent magnets developing a more or less intense flux.
  • a remote modification of the magnetic properties of the magnets can always be implemented if the arrangement of the two structures lends itself well to this process.
  • reluctance adjustment means or permanent magnets suitably oriented to decrease 0T.
  • the shape of the evolution of the force of attraction which the armature undergoes in the vicinity of the working position T results from the ratio of the reluctances established by the residual air gaps d i and d 2 and the magnetic surfaces placed opposite.
  • This compensation can be made in a contactor 222 using a polarized electromagnet 221 as described above by the installation of a spring 215, see FIG. 6, which is for example advantageously placed outside the magnetizable frame 16, which exerts on the movable armature 2 an elastic force Pc directed in the direction of the arrow, and which acts only along a fraction -p- of the total travel of this armature measured from the rest position A.
  • the effect of such a spring is also useful for ensuring a frank movement of the armature from the rest position and for a supply voltage of the coil slightly lower than the nominal voltage.
  • the spring 215 which is illustrated in FIG. 6 is preferably a helical spring whose slope is variable, for example due to the arrangement of turns with variable pitch which come progressively in contact with each other so that the stiffness spring is higher when it is compressed.
  • a leaf spring 218 has been shown, the useful length of which decreases when the compression increases thanks to a progressive application of its surface against a transverse ramp 219 secured to an extension 220 of the core 2.
  • variable flexibility spring is associated with an extension 220 of the core 2 which protrudes outside the magnetizable part 16 on the side concerned by the working position T.
  • the rest of the members is comparable to those of the figure 5.
  • a contactor device 100 which uses a polarized electromagnet according to the invention derived from that of FIG. 5, and which is visible in FIG. 17, comprises an envelope 101 formed by the association of two half-housings 101 a and 101 b substantially symmetrical with respect to a joint plane P.
  • Each of these half-housings has hooking means 102a, 102b, 102c in an external lower region allowing it to be fixed to a standardized profile, and a support base 103a, 103b allowing it to be fixed to a plate using mounting holes 104.
  • Upper external regions 105a, 105b of half-housings have isolation partitions such as 106a 106b between which engage fixed contact supports such as 107b, as well as clamp terminal screws such as 108b which pass through these supports and cooperate with nuts such as 109b placed behind them.
  • a movable contact carrier 112 which moves along an axis XX 'passing through the plane P perpendicular to the base 103, has a multiplicity of insulated windows 113, 114, 115, 116 inside which are arranged contact bridges such as 117 and their pressure springs such as 118. These contact bridges have contact pads 11 which cooperate with the fixed contacts 111b.
  • the contact carrier has, in the axis XX ', a cylindrical extension 120 directed towards the base and having a bore 121, and on the opposite side, a stud 122 capable of receiving an adjustment washer 123 having a thickness chosen to determine the position of rest R '.
  • This washer is pinched in the rest position between the upper flat surface 124 of the contact carrier 112 and a bearing surface 125 of the half-housing 101 which can be crossed by the stud 122 through the opening 186.
  • the contact carrier also has on its lower surface 126 a cross member 127, one end of which carries one or two coupling studs such as 128a, 128b which are capable of passing through oblong openings such as 129 of the half-housing 101a, to communicate movements to auxiliary devices placed outside the case.
  • Platelets such as 130 which are engaged on these nipples slide against the internal face of the walls 131 of the housing to cover the openings 129 and ensure sealing.
  • the windows 113 ... 116 are separated by grooves such as 113 in which the partitions 110 engage to complete the isolation of neighboring switches using each of the members 107, 117.
  • the electromagnet 135 comprises a coil carcass 136 having cheeks 137, 138 provided with centering pins 139, 140, a bore 141 and two longitudinal columns such as 142 for guiding the output wires 143, 144 of the winding 145 towards the upper part of the housing; these wires have at their ends screw terminal pieces 146a, 146b, which will be placed in two housings of half-housings such as 147a.
  • the cylindrical core 148 which passes through the bore 141 is associated by tightening at its lower end 149 with a hole 191 of a first pallet 150 and at its upper end 151 with a hole 192 of a second pallet 152; this end 151 is also associated by clamping in the bore 121 of the contact carrier.
  • the parts 148, 150, 152 constitute the mobile magnetizable structure 153.
  • the pallets 150, 152 have widths -m- and -m'- and diagonals -g-.
  • a plastic part 160 having a bearing bore 161 and two opposite grooves 162, 163 which engage in the notch 157 is associated with the part 155 so that the bore 161 is present in the axis XX '.
  • the part 155 has a lower face 164 having a threaded hole 165 for receiving the screw 166 which maintains the variable flexibility spring 167 whose ends 168, 169 cooperate with the pallet 150; this part 1 55 also includes axial centering notches such as 170a, 170b which engage in centering lugs of the half-housing 101b such as 171; the walls 172, 173 of the half-housing serve to laterally place the part 155, while the wall 174 has openings such as 175 to receive the pins 139 140 and orient the coil carcass 136.
  • the sealing of the electromagnet is ensured by transverse partitions of the half-housings 101a, 101b such as 178, 179; these partitions leave passages 180, 181 for the circulation of the extension 120 and the introduction of columns such as 142.
  • the maintenance of the electromagnet 135 is completed by the installation of the half-housing 101 a which hooks onto the other half-housing by means of hooks and openings such as 176 and 177.
  • a protective cover 182 is hung on their upper parts to complete the insulation of the coil terminal screws 183 and of the switch terminal screws 108, and to maintain them this; an opening 190 traversed by the stud 122 of the cover allows external manual actuation of the contact holder 124.
  • the mounting of the electromagnet is made possible thanks to the fact that on the one hand the distance -D- is greater than the diagonals -g- (possibly provided with chamfers 196, 197, 198, 199), and that the distance - m- of rectangular pallets is less than the distance -n-.
  • the coil 136, 146 and the elastic device 167 constitute an inseparable sub-assembly 135 which can be checked on a test bench or be mounted or replaced in an envelope, such as that which comes from 'be described; a final adjustment is made by placing the shim 123 in thickness.
  • the magnetizable part in the form of a frame 201 comprises two assembled parts, one of which 202 takes the form of a part folded in the form of U having parallel branches 203, 204 which carry tenons 205, 206 at their ends, while the other takes the form of a plate 207 perpendicular to the branches, having mortises 208, 209 capable of cooperating with these tenons.
  • the plate here has a bore 210 which is aligned with the bore 211 of the U-shaped part, and which receives a bearing 212 made of anti-friction material; a flange of this bearing is used to define if necessary the air gap d, mentioned above.
  • the assembly of the coil 214 and the armature 213 of this electromagnet comprising the core 216 and the pallets 215, 217 can be carried out in a manner comparable to the previous one, or by a prior assembly of the parts 202 and 213 followed riveting the wafer 207.

Claims (22)

1. Polarisierter Elektromagnet (1) mit:
einerseits einer ersten magnetisierbaren Struktur (2), gebildet von einem Kern (3), welcher der Länge nach in der Symmetrieachse (XX') einer Spule (5) angeordnet ist, die Gleichstrom aufnehmen kann, und von zwei fest verbundenen ausgeweiteten Polabschnitten (8, 9), die quer aus der Spule (5) herausragen:
andererseits einer zweiten permanenten Magnetstruktur (15), gebildet von einem zweiten magnetisierbaren Längsteil (16), das zwei zur Achse hingerichtete Querverlängerungen (19, 20), bzw. (21, 22) aufweist und parallel ist zu einem dritten magnetisierbaren und näher an der Achse liegenden Teil (24, 25), mit dem es durch einen Dauermagneten (26, 27) mit magnetischer Querachse verbunden ist;
wobei entgegengesetze Enden dieses dritten Teils (24, 25) und in der Nähe liegende Abschnitte dieser Verlängerungen durch zwei Luftspalte (e, E) voneinander getrennt sind, die im wesentlichen so entlang einer Längsrichtung angebracht sind, dass Anziehungs-, bzw. Abstossungskräfte in der gleichen Längsrichtung entwickelt werden, zwischen jedem der ausgeweiteten Abschnitte (8, 9) die jeweils in jedem der Luftspalte (e, E) angeordnet sind und der zweiten Struktur (15), entweder in einer Richtung, wenn die Spule (5) sich in einem ersten Zustand befindet oder in der entgegengesetzten Richtung, wenn die Spule einen zweiten Zustand annimmt, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass:
in der Ruhestellung R einer ersten magnetisierbaren Struktur (2), die beweglich und symmetrisch im Verhältnis zur Achse der Spule (5) ist, die ausgeweiteten Abschnitte (8, 9) nicht in Kontakt mit der symmetrischen zweiten magnetischen Struktur (15) treten,
die teilweise, zwischen einem ersten ausgeweiteten Abschnitt (9) und den dritten Teilen (24, 25) hergestellte Reluktanz E/S die teilweise zwischen dem zweiten ausgeweiteten Abschnitt und dem zweiten Teil (16) hergestellte Reluktanz e/s übertrifft, und beide eine Gesamtreluktanz R2 in Ruhestellung bilden,
diese beiden Teilreluktanzen gleichzeitig durch ein Organ (60, 123) zur Einstellung der Luftspalte (E, e) eingestellt werden, welches mittels einer geringen relativen Verschiebung der beiden Strukturen die effektive Ruhestellung R' bestimmt, in der die bewegliche Struktur bewegt wird, wenn die Spule mit der steigenden Spannung Um versorgt wird.
2. Polarisierter Elektromagnet nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Einstellorgan (60) auf dem Gehäuse (67) ruht, welches die stationäre Struktur (15) des Elektromagneten enthält und die bewegliche Struktur (2) geringfügig verschiebt.
3. Polarisierter Elektromagnet nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Einstellorgan (60') auf dem Gehäuse (67) ruht, welches die stationäre gleitende Struktur (15) enthält und diese gegen die Wirkung elastischer Mittel (70) geringfügig verschiebt.
4. Polarisierter Elektromagnet nach einem der Ansprüche 2 oder 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Einstellorgan von einem herausnehmbaren Zwischenstück (66) gebildet wird, das auf dem Gehäuse (63) und einer der Strukturen (2) oder (15) oder (65) ruht.
5. PolarisierterElektromagnetnacheinemderAnsprüche 2 oder 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Einstellorgan von einem Anschlag (60) gebildet wird, der im Verhältnis zum Gehäuse (67), in das er hineinreicht, schrittweise beweglich ist.
6. Monostabiler polarisierter Elektromagnet nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine Vorrichtung (36') bzw. ("36") mit variabler Neigung direkt oder nicht zwischen den beiden Strukturen (2, 15) und in der Nähe der Arbeitsstellung T eine Axialkraft entwickelt, welche der zwischen diesen beiden Strukturen durch die magnetische Daueranziehung hergestellten entgegenwirkt, um diese auszugleichen, wenn die Spule (5) nicht versorgt wird.
7. Monostabiler polarisierter Elektromagnet nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass besagte Vorrichtung mit variabler Neigung eine zylindrische Schraubenfeder (215) bzw. (216) ist, deren Verformung die nützliche Länge verändert, indem ihre Windungen sich auf eine abgestufte Fläche stützen.
8. Monostabiler polarisierter Elektromagnet nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zu den Kennzeichen der besagten Vorrichtung mit variabler Neigung ein Abschnitt mit Nullneigung gehört, der sich aus dem Vorhandensein einer freien Bewegung (a) ergibt, sowie wenigstens ein Abschnitt mit positiver Neigung (F'), bzw. (F").
9. Monostabiler polarisierter Elektromagnet nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass besagte Vorrichtung mit variabler Neigung eine elastische Lamelle (42) verwendet, die zwischen dem Gehäuse (73) und der permanenten Magnetstruktur (15) angeordnet ist, auf der durch die Arbeitsstellung T betroffenen Seite des ersten ausgeweiteten Abschnitts (9).
10. Monostabiler polarisierter Elektromagnet nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass besagte Vorrichtung mit variabler Neigung eine elastische Lamelle (50) verwendet, die aussen auf der permanenten Magnetstruktur (15') auf der von der Arbeitsstellung T betroffenen Seite befestigt ist.
11. Monostabiler polarisierter Elektromagnet nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass besagte elastische nicht magnetische Lamelle (50) zwei biegsame Schenkel (75, 76) verschiedener Elastizität besitzt und zwei auf den ersten ausgeweiteten Abschnitt (9) hin gerichtete Enden (51, 52), wobei eine gemeinsame Befestigungsstelle (54, 54') es ermöglicht, das Längenverhältnis dieser beiden Schenkel in Querrichtung zu verändern.
12. Monostabiler polarisierter Elektromagnet nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass, in der Arbeitsstellung T der beweglichen magnetisierbaren Struktur (2) die ausgeweiteten Abscnitte (8, 9) von der stationären Magnetstruktur (15) durch Luftspalte (d1, d2) getrennt sind, deren Ausmasse gleichzeitig durch ein nichtmagentisches Zwischenteil eines nichtmagnetischen Führungslagers (14) bestimmt werden, welches in der stationären Struktur angeordnet ist, um die axialen Bewegungen der beweglichen Struktur zu leiten, wobei die Gesamtreluktanz in der Arbeitsstellung Rt, die sich aus besagten Luftspalten und aus den Oberflächen (J1, J2) die sie begrenzen ergibt, im Verhältnis zur Gesamtreluktanz in der Ruhestellung Rr so gewählt ist, dass die monostabile Eigenschaft sich einzig aus dem Verhältnis besagter beider Reluktanzen ergibt.
13. Monostabiler polarisierter Elektromagnet nach einem der Ansprüche 6 bis 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass, in der Arbeitsstellung T der beweglichen magnetisierbaren Struktur (2) die ausgeweiteten Abschnitte (8, 9) von der stationären Magnetstruktur (15) durch Luftspalte (d1, d2) getrennt sind, deren Ausmasse gleichzeitig bestimmt werden durch ein nichtmagnetisches Zwischenstück eines Lagers (14), das in der stationären Struktur angeordnet ist, um die axialen Bewegungen der beweglichen Struktur zu leiten, wobei die Gesamtreluktanz Rt in der Arbeitsstellung, die sich aus den Ausmassen dieser Luftspalte (di, d2) und den Ausmassen der Flächen (J1, J2), welche sie begrenzen ergibt, im Verhältnis zur Gesamtreluktanz R, in der Ruhestellung so gewählt ist, dass sich die monostabile Eigenschaft einerseits aus dem Verhältnis dieser beiden Gesamtreluktanzen und andererseits aus dem Vorhandensein einer elastischen Rückstellvorrichtung (36', 36") ergibt, die in besagter Arbeitsstellung T wirksam ist.
14. Monostabiler polarisierter Elektromagnet nach Anspruch 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Ausmasse der Luftspalte (di, d2) gleichzeitig von einem Flansch (35) eines Führungslagers (14) bestimmt werden, der auf seiten der Arbeitsstellung T in der stationären Struktur (15) und zwischen dieser und der beweglichen Struktur (2) angeordnet ist, um wenigstens teilweise die axiale Führung der Bewegungen dieser beweglichen Struktur zu übernehmen.
15. Polarisierter Elektromagnet nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass, in der Ruhestellung R der beweglichen magnetisierbaren Struktur (2) eine elastische Vorrichtung (215) zwischen den Strukturen eine Kraft Pe entwickelt, die den magnetischen Haltekräften entgegenwirkt, wobei besagte Vorrichtung nur entlang eines kleinen Abscnittes -p- des dieser Stellung benachbarten Hubs wirksam und ausserhalb der stationären Magnetstruktur (15) angeordnet ist.
16. Polarisierter Elektromagnet nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das zweite magnetisierbare Teil (16) der zweiten Magnetstruktur (15) von einem gebogenen rechteckigen Metallrahmen gebildet wird, der mit zwei entgegengesetzten koaxialen Bohrungen (71, 72) versehen ist, die jeweils ein Lager (13, 14) zur Führung der axialen Bewegungen der beweglichen Struktur (2) haltern, wobei eines dieser Lager in einer zur Seite hin offenen Öffnung dieses zweiten Teiles gehalten wird.
17. Polarisierter Elektromagnet nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das zweite magnetisierbare Teil (201) der zweiten Magnetstruktur durch die Zuordnung eines flachen in U-Form gebogenen Hauptteils (202), dessen Enden paralleler Schenkel (203, 204) in ein anderes flaches Teil (207) zur Unterbrechung des Querflusses eingreifen und dass diese Haupt- und Unterbrechungsteile jeweils eine Öffnung (221), bzw. (210) aufweisen, die ein Lager (211, 212) zur Führung der Bewegungen der beweglichen Struktur (213) bilden, oder ein solches Lager haltern kann.
18. Polarisierter Elektromagnet nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 17, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ausgeweitete Polabschnitte oder Platten (150, 152) rechteckiger Form einerseits Seiten m und m' aufweisen, wobei eine dieser Seiten kürzer ist als der minimale innere Abstand -n- der permanenten Struktur (154), und andererseits eine Diagonale -g-, die kürzer ist, als der maximale innere Abstand D dieser Struktur.
19. Polarisierter Elektromagnet nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 18, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die bewegliche Struktur (153) einen zylindrischen im Gehäuse (136) der Spule (145) angeordneten Kern (148) enthält, und einen ausgeweiteten Polabschnitt (152), der sich zwischen zwei Längsständer (142) dieses Gehäuses einfügt, um dieser Struktur eine vorbestimmete Winkelorientierung zu verleihen.
20. Polarisierter Elektromagnet nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 19, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die stationären und beweglichen Strukturen und die Spule, wenn sie einander zugeordnet sind, ein nicht mehr dissoziierbares magnetisches Betätigungsteilsystem (135) bilden, das dann zu Kontrollzwecken oder zur direkten Montage in ein Gehäuse gehandhabt werden kann.
21. Polarisierter Elektromagnet nach Anspruch 20, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Betätigungsteilsystem (135) im Gehäuse (101a, 101b) eines Schütz (100) angeordnet ist, welches erste Haltemittel (171,175) aufweist, die mit zweiten Haltemitteln (170a, 170b), bzw. (139, 140) zusammenarbeiten, die jeweils auf der stationären Struktur (154) und auf dem Gehäuse (138, 134) der Spule (145) angeordneten sind.
22. Polarisierter Elektromagnet nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 21, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass besagtes Schütz (100) einen beweglichen Kontakthalter (112) besitzt, von dem ein zylindrischer, den Kontakten (117) gegenüberliegender Abschnitt (120) auf eine Verlängerung (151) der beweglichen Struktur (1 53) aufgesetzt ist und besagter Abschnitt teilweise die Funktion einer axialen Führung dieser Struktur ausübt, da er in einer axialen Öffnung (156) der stationären Struktur gleiten kann.
EP85401598A 1984-08-20 1985-08-06 Polarisierter Elektromagnet in symmetrischer Ausführung Expired EP0174239B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT85401598T ATE34871T1 (de) 1984-08-20 1985-08-06 Polarisierter elektromagnet in symmetrischer ausfuehrung.

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8412975 1984-08-20
FR8412975A FR2569299B1 (fr) 1984-08-20 1984-08-20 Electro-aimant polarise presentant une disposition symetrique
FR8417829 1984-11-19
FR8417829A FR2573567B1 (fr) 1984-11-19 1984-11-19 Electroaimant polarise presentant une disposition symetrique

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EP0174239A1 EP0174239A1 (de) 1986-03-12
EP0174239B1 true EP0174239B1 (de) 1988-06-01

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EP (1) EP0174239B1 (de)
BR (1) BR8503956A (de)
CA (1) CA1242240A (de)
DE (1) DE3563140D1 (de)
HK (1) HK13089A (de)

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HK13089A (en) 1989-02-17
DE3563140D1 (en) 1988-07-07
CA1242240A (fr) 1988-09-20
EP0174239A1 (de) 1986-03-12
US4644311A (en) 1987-02-17
BR8503956A (pt) 1986-06-03

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