EP0172765B1 - Auf dem Merkmal einer Oberflächenstruktur beruhendes Zugangskontrollverfahren und- system - Google Patents

Auf dem Merkmal einer Oberflächenstruktur beruhendes Zugangskontrollverfahren und- system Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0172765B1
EP0172765B1 EP85401498A EP85401498A EP0172765B1 EP 0172765 B1 EP0172765 B1 EP 0172765B1 EP 85401498 A EP85401498 A EP 85401498A EP 85401498 A EP85401498 A EP 85401498A EP 0172765 B1 EP0172765 B1 EP 0172765B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
support object
information
support
reader
texture
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP85401498A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0172765A1 (de
Inventor
Bertrand Causse D'agraives
Janny Mathieu
Patrick Jamar
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
European Atomic Energy Community Euratom
ASSOCIATION POUR LA PROMOTION de la TECHNOLOGIE PROMOTECH
Original Assignee
European Atomic Energy Community Euratom
ASSOCIATION POUR LA PROMOTION de la TECHNOLOGIE PROMOTECH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by European Atomic Energy Community Euratom, ASSOCIATION POUR LA PROMOTION de la TECHNOLOGIE PROMOTECH filed Critical European Atomic Energy Community Euratom
Priority to AT85401498T priority Critical patent/ATE47458T1/de
Publication of EP0172765A1 publication Critical patent/EP0172765A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0172765B1 publication Critical patent/EP0172765B1/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07C—TIME OR ATTENDANCE REGISTERS; REGISTERING OR INDICATING THE WORKING OF MACHINES; GENERATING RANDOM NUMBERS; VOTING OR LOTTERY APPARATUS; ARRANGEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS FOR CHECKING NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • G07C9/00—Individual registration on entry or exit
    • G07C9/00174—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys
    • G07C9/00658—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys operated by passive electrical keys
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07F—COIN-FREED OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • G07F7/00—Mechanisms actuated by objects other than coins to free or to actuate vending, hiring, coin or paper currency dispensing or refunding apparatus
    • G07F7/08—Mechanisms actuated by objects other than coins to free or to actuate vending, hiring, coin or paper currency dispensing or refunding apparatus by coded identity card or credit card or other personal identification means
    • G07F7/086—Mechanisms actuated by objects other than coins to free or to actuate vending, hiring, coin or paper currency dispensing or refunding apparatus by coded identity card or credit card or other personal identification means by passive credit-cards adapted therefor, e.g. constructive particularities to avoid counterfeiting, e.g. by inclusion of a physical or chemical security-layer

Definitions

  • the subject of the present invention is an access control system, that is to say a system making it possible to trigger an action equivalent to an authorization after checking the identity of an object introduced into this system.
  • the system of the invention constitutes a “key-lock” assembly provided that these terms are given a broad meaning: the word “key” must be understood as designating a support object provided with a single identity and the word “lock”, an organ capable of recognizing this identity and ordering an action. But the object-support of the invention does not necessarily take the traditional form of a key. It can be in any form, including a card. As for the function of the "control member”, it is not necessarily limited to action on the door bolt, but may correspond to an authorization to access any system, computer, telematics, banking, etc ...
  • the very principle of locksmithing is to give an portable object (the key) an identity (a profile for example) and to make an organ (the lock) capable of recognizing this identity and triggering an action.
  • the key is a reproducible object, for obvious reasons which are due to the fact that several people will have to have the same key (members of the same family, of the same society, etc.).
  • the lock being linked to a particular shape given to a key, it can only cooperate with one type of key.
  • the object of the invention is to remedy this drawback.
  • This goal is achieved by the use of a key which, by nature, is not reproducible.
  • This characteristic is obtained by choosing, as information capable of defining the identity of a key, no longer artificially manufactured information (such as a toothing or a magnetic or optical property of a band), but natural information which is the texture of the surface of a room. This information is so complex that it cannot be reproduced.
  • this information is unique, because two objects, even identical in the macroscopic sense, are actually different if we go down to their surface texture. It goes without saying that nothing prevents adding an artificial texture to the natural texture (scratches, streaks, marks, etc.).
  • the present invention takes up this idea by applying it to the field of access control systems.
  • the choice of surface texture as a means of identification means that the procedure for loading authorized information must be modified, in such a way that it is impossible to counterfeit it.
  • the lock of the invention which is provided, like electronic locks, with different memory locations is such that these locations can only receive the setpoint information by reading the keys authorized to open the lock. In other words, we no longer write information in the lock's memory that we have written on a medium.
  • the procedure is the opposite: keys are first manufactured with any texture and the locks are then conditioned, a posteriori, according to said keys.
  • the quantity used for identifying the key is a continuous analog quantity and not a digital value. It may therefore be possible to proceed analogically for the comparison operation between the setpoint quantity and the quantity read. But of course, it will often be better to convert the analog signal to digital and then proceed with digital processing.
  • Another originality of the lock of the invention is that the means responsible for reading the information contained in the support which is presented to it is a texture reader and no longer a magnetic reader.
  • documents US-A 4218674 and GB-A 2072390 describe authentication techniques which use random imperfections introduced into a support (magnetic elements, lines, color spots, etc.).
  • a reader capable of detecting these imperfections delivers a logical signal (the imperfection is or is not present) and the set of logical signals corresponding to a segment of the object forms a logical code which constitutes the identity of the document.
  • a bit-by-bit comparison between the code read and a code previously recorded makes it possible to ensure the authenticity of the document examined.
  • the use of the surface texture makes such fraud impossible, since it would be necessary to reproduce analog information (the topography of a surface is information which varies continuously as a function of space, whereas, in the prior art cited, the information is of the all or nothing type).
  • each support object has the form of a key with a head capable of being grasped manually and a body having at least one flat part from which the surface portion whose texture is read is taken.
  • the body of the key is metallic and preferably made of an alloy, which gives the texture a particular complexity.
  • each support object has the form of a map, part of the surface of which is used for reading the texture.
  • This card can be made of flexible plastic.
  • the key can have a cylindrical shape with a reading either rotatable along the circumference, or rectilinear according to a generator.
  • the key may have a tubular appearance, the reading taking place outside or inside the tube.
  • the key can consist of a usual object such as a pen.
  • the reader comprises a block for receiving the support object, a transducer capable of translating the relief of the key into an electrical signal (for example a piezoelectric tip), this transducer being arranged on an arm and a means of movement. relative of the arm and of the support object along a surface portion thereof.
  • the arm is connected to a displacement means which is set in motion when the support is immobilized in the receiving block.
  • This means of moving the arm can be a clockwork movement connected to an arming arm, one end of which is moved by the introduction of the support object into the receiving block.
  • this means of moving the arm can also be an electric motor.
  • the read tip is stationary and the texture of the support object is read during the introduction of the latter into the receiving block.
  • the reading can be carried out during the withdrawal of the key from the reception block.
  • the comparison circuit preferably consists of a correlator followed by a threshold circuit.
  • a correlator is particularly useful here because the measurement signal is of analog character and that it is sampled at a large number of points, for example 512 or 1024 or more.
  • the comparison between the signal read and the reference signal can therefore call upon the technique of correlation, whereas in the prior art of electronic locks, words of a few bytes are compared bit by bit. Other more or less complex digital processing methods can be used.
  • the device shown in FIGS. 1, 2 and 3 comprises a block 10 for receiving a key 12 with a trapezoidal section, a stop 14, a first arm 16 moved by the end of the key and movable about an axis 18 , this arm being articulated on a second arm 20 which cooperates with a toothed wheel 22 arming a spiral spring 24.
  • the arm 16 is in position 16 ′, the arm 18 in position 18 'and the wheel 22 escapes.
  • the spring 24 then controls the movement of a third arm 25 articulated on a fourth arm 26, pivoting about an axis 28 and the end of which carries a sensor 30 provided with a read tip 32.
  • the reassembly of the system corresponds at the angular displacement marked 31 in FIG. 2 and the reading phase at the displacement marked 33.
  • the latter corresponds to a reading range 34 located on the upper side of the key, and in the shape of an arc of a circle. But we can provide a system where the reading range would be straight.
  • the sensor 30 delivers an analog electrical signal which is applied to an electronic circuit 40. This circuit includes all or part of the processing means, which are illustrated in FIGS. 4 to 6.
  • FIG. 4 first of all, there is shown the general diagram of an installation implementing the invention.
  • a reader block 50 connected to a microprocessor 52 by a link bus 54.
  • the block 50 is connected to an autorelay 56, which is connected to a relay 58 which is the control relay of the member 60, which is either an electric strike or a lock.
  • the assembly is connected to a general power supply 62.
  • the block 50 can also be connected to an alarm circuit 64, and to an interface 66 allowing possible connection with another lock of the same type.
  • FIG. 5 Such a card is represented functionally in FIG. 5. It comprises a microprocessor 70 (for example of the 6800 or 6809 type), a clock 72, a random access memory 74 (of the RAM type) comprising several memory locations, an address decoder 75 , an analog-digital converter 76 connected to the sensor 30 of the reader.
  • the data circulates on a bus 80, the addresses on a bus 82 and the control orders (write-read in memory and sampling-conversion) on a bus 84.
  • the microprocessor 70 is connected to an input-output circuit 90 which is connected by a connection 91 to the electric strike to be controlled (through relays - see Figure 4) by the connection 92 to a switch and by the connection 93 to other locks or various bodies.
  • the operation of this system is as follows.
  • the analog signal delivered by the sensor 30 is sampled and each sample is converted to digital by the converter 76.
  • the microprocessor 70 receives all of the digital signals read and has access to the various reference signals stored in 74. With the aid of these two data, it performs a correlation and compares the result obtained with a degree of correlation fixed in advance.
  • this diagram can give rise to various embodiments depending on the applications.
  • a version with autonomous power supply and a standby of the microprocessor can be provided.
  • the memory contained in each reader then serves as a buffer, pending availability of the central unit.
  • the overall time for opening a lock after inserting a key is less than 3 s. for 10 keys and less than 9 s. for a number greater than and ten keys.
  • the card which has just been described is suitable for communicating with any computer peripheral: printer, keyboard, video screen, mass memory, etc.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
  • Lock And Its Accessories (AREA)
  • Testing Of Coins (AREA)
  • Control Of Position, Course, Altitude, Or Attitude Of Moving Bodies (AREA)
  • Vehicle Body Suspensions (AREA)
  • Radar Systems Or Details Thereof (AREA)

Claims (14)

1. Zugangskontrollverfahren bestehend aus: Bilden von Objektträgern, die mit einer Identifikationsinformation versehen sind, Speichern von Speicherinformationen entsprechend einer geeigneten Anordnung von Objektträgern in einem Speicherorgan, das mehrere Informationsspeicherplätze aufweist, Lesen von einem Objektträger zugehörigen Informationen, Vergleichen der gelesenen Information und jeder der gespeicherten Information in den Speichern, Bestimmen des Übereinstimmungsgrades zwischen der gelesenen Information und einer der Informationen, die in den Speicherplätzen des Speicherorgans enthalten sind, und Liefern eines Signals, wenn der Übereinstimmungsgrad ausreichend ist, das ein Auslösesignal einer Aktion bildet, wobei das Verfahren dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, dass als Identifikationsinformation eines jeden Objektträgers die Struktur eines Oberflächenbereiches dieses Objektträgers gewählt wird und dass die Speicherinformationen erhalten werden durch vorheriges Lesen der Informationen der geeigneten Objektträger und durch Speichern dieser Informationen in dem Speicherorgan.
2. Zugangskontrollsystem, das erlaubt, eine Aktion nach Identitätskontrolle eines Objektträgers auszulösen, der in das System eingeführt wird und eine Identifikationsinformation trägt, wobei das System auf bekannte Art aufweist: einen Leser (30), der geeignet ist, einen derartigen Objektträger (32) zu empfangen und die dem Objektträger zugeordnete Information zu lesen, ein Speicherorgan (74), das mehrere Speicherplätze aufweist, die mit Speicherinformation belegt sind, entsprechend einer geeigneten Objektträgeranordnung, eine Vergleichereinrichtung (70) zwischen einerseits einem Signal, das durch den Leser (30) geliefert wird, wenn irgendein Objektträger (12) in das System eingeführt wird, und, andererseits, jeder in den Speicherplätzen (74) angeordneten Speicherinformationen, wobei die Vergleichereinrichtung den Übereinstimmungsgrad zwischen der dem Objektträger entsprechenden Information, die in den Leser eingeführt ist und einer der Informationen bestimmt, die in den Speicherplätzen des Speicherorgans enthalten sind, und einen Schaltkreis (70), der mit dem Vergleicherschaltkreis verbunden ist und, wenn der Übereinstimmungsgrad ausreichend ist, ein Signal liefert, das ein Auslösesignal für eine Betätigung bildet, wobei das System dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, dass die einem jeden Objektträger anhaftende Identifikationsinformation durch die Struktur eines Bereiches der Oberfläche (34) des Objektträgers (12) gebildet ist, wobei der Leser ein Oberflächenstrukturleser (30, 32) ist, wobei die Beaufschlagung bzw. Ladung einer Speicherinformation durch Einführen eines geeigneten Objektträgers in den Leser, das Lesen dieses Objektträgers und die Speicherung des in einem der in Rede stehenden Speichern bzw. Orten gelesenen Signals erfolgt.
3. System nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass jeder Objektträger die Form eines Schlüssels (12) mit einem Kopf aufweist, der geeignet ist, manuell erfasst zu werden, und einen Körper aufweist, der wenigstens einen ebenen Bereich aufweist, wo der Oberflächenbereich (34) genommen wird, von dem die Struktur gelesen wird.
4. System nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Körper des Schlüssels metallisch ist.
5. System nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Schlüsselkörper aus einer Legierung gebildet ist.
6. System nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass jeder Objektträger die Form einer Karte aufweist, deren einer Bereich der Oberfläche verwendet wird für ein Lesen der Struktur.
7. System nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Leser einem Aufnahmeblock (10) des Objektträgers (12), eine piezoelektrische Spitze (32), die auf einem Arm (26) angeordnet ist, eine Verschiebeeinrichtung bezüglich des Armes und des Objektträgers entlang eines Oberflächenbereiches (34) von diesem aufweist.
8. System nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Arm (26) mit einer Verschiebe- bzw. Bewegungseinrichtung (22, 24) verbunden ist, die in Bewegung versetzt wird, wenn der Träger in Anschlag (14) in dem Aufnahmeblock (10) ist.
9. System nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Bewegungseinrichtung des Armes ein Uhrwerksmotor (22, 24) ist, der mit einem Betätigungshebel (16, 8) verbunden ist, von dem ein Ende durch Einführen des Objektträgers (12) in den Aufnahmeblock (10) bewegt wird.
10. System nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Bewegungseinrichtung des Armes ein Elektromotor ist.
11. System nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die piezoelektrische Spitze (32) unbeweglich ist und dass das Lesen der Struktur des Objektträgers (12) während des Einführens von diesem in den Aufnahmeblock (10) erfolgt.
12. System nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Leser einen analog-numerischen Wandler (76) aufweist, so dass das von dem Leser gelieferte Signal somit numerisch ist.
13. System nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Verarbeitungsschaltkreis einen Mikroprozessor (70) aufweist.
14. System nach Anspruch 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Mikroprozessor (70) eine Korrelation zwischen dem gelesenen Signal und den Speichersignalen durchführt.
EP85401498A 1984-07-23 1985-07-19 Auf dem Merkmal einer Oberflächenstruktur beruhendes Zugangskontrollverfahren und- system Expired EP0172765B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT85401498T ATE47458T1 (de) 1984-07-23 1985-07-19 Auf dem merkmal einer oberflaechenstruktur beruhendes zugangskontrollverfahren undsystem.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8411643 1984-07-23
FR8411643A FR2567947B1 (fr) 1984-07-23 1984-07-23 Systeme de controle d'acces a lecture de texture de surface

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0172765A1 EP0172765A1 (de) 1986-02-26
EP0172765B1 true EP0172765B1 (de) 1989-10-18

Family

ID=9306384

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP85401498A Expired EP0172765B1 (de) 1984-07-23 1985-07-19 Auf dem Merkmal einer Oberflächenstruktur beruhendes Zugangskontrollverfahren und- system

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (2) US4677435A (de)
EP (1) EP0172765B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE47458T1 (de)
CA (1) CA1235779A (de)
DE (1) DE3573819D1 (de)
FR (1) FR2567947B1 (de)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7667570B1 (en) 2004-05-19 2010-02-23 Lockheed Martin Corporation Nanostructured combination key-lock

Families Citing this family (106)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB8612467D0 (en) * 1986-05-22 1986-07-02 Unisafe Ltd Electronic locking devices
US5218528A (en) * 1990-11-06 1993-06-08 Advanced Technological Systems, Inc. Automated voting system
US5721788A (en) * 1992-07-31 1998-02-24 Corbis Corporation Method and system for digital image signatures
US6614914B1 (en) 1995-05-08 2003-09-02 Digimarc Corporation Watermark embedder and reader
US6122403A (en) * 1995-07-27 2000-09-19 Digimarc Corporation Computer system linked by using information in data objects
US6345104B1 (en) * 1994-03-17 2002-02-05 Digimarc Corporation Digital watermarks and methods for security documents
US7171016B1 (en) 1993-11-18 2007-01-30 Digimarc Corporation Method for monitoring internet dissemination of image, video and/or audio files
US7044395B1 (en) 1993-11-18 2006-05-16 Digimarc Corporation Embedding and reading imperceptible codes on objects
EP0987855A2 (de) * 1993-11-18 2000-03-22 Digimarc Corporation Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Kodierung von Audiosignalen mit zusätzlichen digitalen Daten
US6611607B1 (en) * 1993-11-18 2003-08-26 Digimarc Corporation Integrating digital watermarks in multimedia content
US6449377B1 (en) 1995-05-08 2002-09-10 Digimarc Corporation Methods and systems for watermark processing of line art images
US5862260A (en) * 1993-11-18 1999-01-19 Digimarc Corporation Methods for surveying dissemination of proprietary empirical data
US6516079B1 (en) 2000-02-14 2003-02-04 Digimarc Corporation Digital watermark screening and detecting strategies
US5748783A (en) * 1995-05-08 1998-05-05 Digimarc Corporation Method and apparatus for robust information coding
US6424725B1 (en) 1996-05-16 2002-07-23 Digimarc Corporation Determining transformations of media signals with embedded code signals
US5822436A (en) 1996-04-25 1998-10-13 Digimarc Corporation Photographic products and methods employing embedded information
US5841886A (en) * 1993-11-18 1998-11-24 Digimarc Corporation Security system for photographic identification
US5748763A (en) 1993-11-18 1998-05-05 Digimarc Corporation Image steganography system featuring perceptually adaptive and globally scalable signal embedding
US5636292C1 (en) * 1995-05-08 2002-06-18 Digimarc Corp Steganography methods employing embedded calibration data
US6983051B1 (en) 1993-11-18 2006-01-03 Digimarc Corporation Methods for audio watermarking and decoding
US6408082B1 (en) 1996-04-25 2002-06-18 Digimarc Corporation Watermark detection using a fourier mellin transform
US5710834A (en) * 1995-05-08 1998-01-20 Digimarc Corporation Method and apparatus responsive to a code signal conveyed through a graphic image
US6580819B1 (en) 1993-11-18 2003-06-17 Digimarc Corporation Methods of producing security documents having digitally encoded data and documents employing same
US6944298B1 (en) 1993-11-18 2005-09-13 Digimare Corporation Steganographic encoding and decoding of auxiliary codes in media signals
US5841978A (en) 1993-11-18 1998-11-24 Digimarc Corporation Network linking method using steganographically embedded data objects
USRE40919E1 (en) * 1993-11-18 2009-09-22 Digimarc Corporation Methods for surveying dissemination of proprietary empirical data
US5832119C1 (en) * 1993-11-18 2002-03-05 Digimarc Corp Methods for controlling systems using control signals embedded in empirical data
US5768426A (en) * 1993-11-18 1998-06-16 Digimarc Corporation Graphics processing system employing embedded code signals
US6869023B2 (en) 2002-02-12 2005-03-22 Digimarc Corporation Linking documents through digital watermarking
US6968057B2 (en) * 1994-03-17 2005-11-22 Digimarc Corporation Emulsion products and imagery employing steganography
US6522770B1 (en) 1999-05-19 2003-02-18 Digimarc Corporation Management of documents and other objects using optical devices
US7039214B2 (en) 1999-11-05 2006-05-02 Digimarc Corporation Embedding watermark components during separate printing stages
DE4422016C2 (de) * 1994-06-16 1996-08-01 Foerderung Angewandter Informa Verfahren zur automatischen Überprüfung von Magnetkarten
EP0803846B1 (de) * 1994-10-19 2003-10-01 Hitachi, Ltd. Transaktionsgerichtetes elektronisches Ablagesystem
US6560349B1 (en) * 1994-10-21 2003-05-06 Digimarc Corporation Audio monitoring using steganographic information
US7486799B2 (en) 1995-05-08 2009-02-03 Digimarc Corporation Methods for monitoring audio and images on the internet
US6744906B2 (en) 1995-05-08 2004-06-01 Digimarc Corporation Methods and systems using multiple watermarks
US6721440B2 (en) 1995-05-08 2004-04-13 Digimarc Corporation Low visibility watermarks using an out-of-phase color
US6760463B2 (en) * 1995-05-08 2004-07-06 Digimarc Corporation Watermarking methods and media
US7006661B2 (en) * 1995-07-27 2006-02-28 Digimarc Corp Digital watermarking systems and methods
US6408331B1 (en) * 1995-07-27 2002-06-18 Digimarc Corporation Computer linking methods using encoded graphics
US6965682B1 (en) 1999-05-19 2005-11-15 Digimarc Corp Data transmission by watermark proxy
US6411725B1 (en) 1995-07-27 2002-06-25 Digimarc Corporation Watermark enabled video objects
US6577746B1 (en) 1999-12-28 2003-06-10 Digimarc Corporation Watermark-based object linking and embedding
US6788800B1 (en) 2000-07-25 2004-09-07 Digimarc Corporation Authenticating objects using embedded data
US6829368B2 (en) 2000-01-26 2004-12-07 Digimarc Corporation Establishing and interacting with on-line media collections using identifiers in media signals
US6230971B1 (en) 1996-04-29 2001-05-15 Hitachi, Ltd. Transaction-oriented electronic accommodation system
US6381341B1 (en) 1996-05-16 2002-04-30 Digimarc Corporation Watermark encoding method exploiting biases inherent in original signal
US6804376B2 (en) 1998-01-20 2004-10-12 Digimarc Corporation Equipment employing watermark-based authentication function
US7313253B2 (en) 1998-09-11 2007-12-25 Digimarc Corporation Methods and tangible objects employing machine readable data in photo-reactive materials
US6584214B1 (en) * 1999-04-23 2003-06-24 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Identification and verification using complex, three-dimensional structural features
US7035428B1 (en) 1999-04-23 2006-04-25 The Escher Group, Ltd. Workpiece authentication based upon one or more workpiece images
US7164413B2 (en) * 1999-05-19 2007-01-16 Digimarc Corporation Enhanced input peripheral
US6608919B1 (en) 1999-11-10 2003-08-19 Digimarc Corporation Method and apparatus for encoding paper with information
US6625297B1 (en) 2000-02-10 2003-09-23 Digimarc Corporation Self-orienting watermarks
US7027614B2 (en) 2000-04-19 2006-04-11 Digimarc Corporation Hiding information to reduce or offset perceptible artifacts
US6804377B2 (en) 2000-04-19 2004-10-12 Digimarc Corporation Detecting information hidden out-of-phase in color channels
ATE509326T1 (de) 2001-12-18 2011-05-15 L 1 Secure Credentialing Inc Mehrfachbildsicherheitsmerkmale zur identifikation von dokumenten und verfahren zu ihrer herstellung
US7694887B2 (en) 2001-12-24 2010-04-13 L-1 Secure Credentialing, Inc. Optically variable personalized indicia for identification documents
EP1459246B1 (de) 2001-12-24 2012-05-02 L-1 Secure Credentialing, Inc. Verfahren zur vollfarb-markierung von id-dokumenten
ATE552120T1 (de) 2001-12-24 2012-04-15 L 1 Secure Credentialing Inc Verdeckte variableninformationen auf id- dokumenten und verfahren zu ihrer herstellung
US7728048B2 (en) 2002-12-20 2010-06-01 L-1 Secure Credentialing, Inc. Increasing thermal conductivity of host polymer used with laser engraving methods and compositions
US7824029B2 (en) 2002-05-10 2010-11-02 L-1 Secure Credentialing, Inc. Identification card printer-assembler for over the counter card issuing
US7045763B2 (en) * 2002-06-28 2006-05-16 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. Object-recognition lock
AU2003298731A1 (en) 2002-11-26 2004-06-18 Digimarc Id Systems Systems and methods for managing and detecting fraud in image databases used with identification documents
US7712673B2 (en) 2002-12-18 2010-05-11 L-L Secure Credentialing, Inc. Identification document with three dimensional image of bearer
WO2004095348A2 (en) 2003-04-16 2004-11-04 Digimarc Corporation Three dimensional data storage
US7192208B2 (en) * 2003-09-02 2007-03-20 Futurelogic, Inc. Rewritable card printer
US7494414B2 (en) 2003-09-12 2009-02-24 Igt Gaming device having a card management system for the management of circulating data cards
US8057296B2 (en) 2003-09-12 2011-11-15 Igt Gaming device including a card processing assembly having vertically-stacked card holders operable with thermally-printable data cards and portable card changeover machines
US7744002B2 (en) 2004-03-11 2010-06-29 L-1 Secure Credentialing, Inc. Tamper evident adhesive and identification document including same
FR2870376B1 (fr) * 2004-05-11 2006-09-22 Yann Boutant Procede de reconnaissance de supports fibreux, ainsi que les applications d'un tel procede dans le domaine informatique notamment
CN101080748A (zh) * 2004-12-17 2007-11-28 皇家飞利浦电子股份有限公司 包含随机定向的部分面的光学识别器
US7533062B2 (en) * 2005-05-27 2009-05-12 Pitney Bowes Inc. Method for creating self-authenticating documents
US8224018B2 (en) * 2006-01-23 2012-07-17 Digimarc Corporation Sensing data from physical objects
EP1977370A4 (de) * 2006-01-23 2011-02-23 Digimarc Corp Verfahren, systeme und unterkombinationen für physische artikel
US8215553B2 (en) * 2006-11-15 2012-07-10 Digimarc Corporation Physical credentials and related methods
CN101715589B (zh) 2007-04-24 2014-01-22 锡克拜控股有限公司 标记物品的方法；用于标识所标记的物品的方法和设备；圆偏振粒子的使用
EP2637145B1 (de) 2007-04-24 2022-01-12 Sicpa Holding Sa Verfahren zur Markierung und zur Idenfizieurung eines Dokument oder Artikels mit kreisförmigen polarisierenden Teilchen
US8197334B2 (en) 2007-10-29 2012-06-12 Igt Circulating data card apparatus and management system
US8526743B1 (en) 2010-11-01 2013-09-03 Raf Technology, Inc. Defined data patterns for object handling
US8774455B2 (en) 2011-03-02 2014-07-08 Raf Technology, Inc. Document fingerprinting
US9443298B2 (en) 2012-03-02 2016-09-13 Authentect, Inc. Digital fingerprinting object authentication and anti-counterfeiting system
US9152862B2 (en) 2011-09-15 2015-10-06 Raf Technology, Inc. Object identification and inventory management
DE102011110478B4 (de) 2011-08-17 2018-07-26 Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover Verfahren zur Wiedererkennung eines dreidimensionalen Objekts, Einrichtung und Computerprogramm dafür
US10572883B2 (en) 2016-02-19 2020-02-25 Alitheon, Inc. Preserving a level of confidence of authenticity of an object
US10867301B2 (en) 2016-04-18 2020-12-15 Alitheon, Inc. Authentication-triggered processes
US10614302B2 (en) 2016-05-26 2020-04-07 Alitheon, Inc. Controlled authentication of physical objects
US10740767B2 (en) 2016-06-28 2020-08-11 Alitheon, Inc. Centralized databases storing digital fingerprints of objects for collaborative authentication
US10915612B2 (en) 2016-07-05 2021-02-09 Alitheon, Inc. Authenticated production
US10902540B2 (en) 2016-08-12 2021-01-26 Alitheon, Inc. Event-driven authentication of physical objects
US10839528B2 (en) 2016-08-19 2020-11-17 Alitheon, Inc. Authentication-based tracking
US11062118B2 (en) 2017-07-25 2021-07-13 Alitheon, Inc. Model-based digital fingerprinting
US11087013B2 (en) 2018-01-22 2021-08-10 Alitheon, Inc. Secure digital fingerprint key object database
US10963670B2 (en) 2019-02-06 2021-03-30 Alitheon, Inc. Object change detection and measurement using digital fingerprints
EP3734506A1 (de) 2019-05-02 2020-11-04 Alitheon, Inc. Automatisierte lokalisierung und erfassung von authentifizierungsbereichen
EP3736717A1 (de) 2019-05-10 2020-11-11 Alitheon, Inc. Verfahren und system für digitale fingerabdrücke in einer schleifenkette
US11238146B2 (en) 2019-10-17 2022-02-01 Alitheon, Inc. Securing composite objects using digital fingerprints
EP3859603A1 (de) 2020-01-28 2021-08-04 Alitheon, Inc. Tiefenbasierte digitale fingerabdruckerstellung
US11341348B2 (en) 2020-03-23 2022-05-24 Alitheon, Inc. Hand biometrics system and method using digital fingerprints
EP3885984A1 (de) 2020-03-23 2021-09-29 Alitheon, Inc. Gesichtsbiometriesystem und verfahren zur verwendung von digitalen fingerabdrücken
US11948377B2 (en) 2020-04-06 2024-04-02 Alitheon, Inc. Local encoding of intrinsic authentication data
US11663849B1 (en) 2020-04-23 2023-05-30 Alitheon, Inc. Transform pyramiding for fingerprint matching system and method
EP3916631A1 (de) 2020-05-28 2021-12-01 Alitheon, Inc. Irreversible digitale fingerabdrücke zur aufrechterhaltung der objektsicherheit
US11700123B2 (en) 2020-06-17 2023-07-11 Alitheon, Inc. Asset-backed digital security tokens
CN114550382B (zh) * 2022-01-26 2023-07-04 南京科融数据系统股份有限公司 一种atm机钱箱管理方法及系统

Family Cites Families (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3637990A (en) * 1969-10-31 1972-01-25 Jack E Bayha Credit card validator with transducer-readout
DE2144760A1 (de) * 1970-09-10 1972-03-16 Int Standard Electric Corp Magnetkartensicherungsanlage
US4218674A (en) * 1975-09-09 1980-08-19 Dasy Inter S.A. Method and a system for verifying authenticity safe against forgery
US3984658A (en) * 1975-09-26 1976-10-05 Cannon John W Programmable card actuated lock
IT1101623B (it) * 1977-11-22 1985-10-07 Bsg Schalttechnik Dispositivo per serratura per eviatare l'accesso non autorizzato
FR2457524B1 (fr) * 1979-05-23 1985-11-15 Chauvat & Sofranq Reunis Portier a carte codee pour ouverture selective de porte
DE3011317C2 (de) * 1980-03-24 1983-07-14 Hermann 7742 St Georgen Stockburger Verfahren zur Identifizierung von Datenträgern und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens
US4568936A (en) * 1980-06-23 1986-02-04 Light Signatures, Inc. Verification system for document substance and content
US4519228A (en) * 1981-04-01 1985-05-28 Trioving A/S Electronic recodeable lock
LU83333A1 (fr) * 1981-05-04 1983-03-24 Euratom Utilisation de textures de surface comme marque aleatoire d'idendite unique
FR2533340A1 (fr) * 1982-09-17 1984-03-23 Chauvat & Sofranq Reunis Serrure electronique a commande par carte a piste magnetique
US4721956A (en) * 1983-09-12 1988-01-26 Demster Stanley J Apparatus for converting key topography into electrical signals to effect key evaluation
FR2582129B1 (fr) * 1985-02-21 1987-12-31 Despres Jean Albert Procede d'identification d'un objet de valeur et dispositif pour l'execution de ce procede

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7667570B1 (en) 2004-05-19 2010-02-23 Lockheed Martin Corporation Nanostructured combination key-lock

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE47458T1 (de) 1989-11-15
US4677435A (en) 1987-06-30
DE3573819D1 (en) 1989-11-23
CA1235779A (en) 1988-04-26
EP0172765A1 (de) 1986-02-26
FR2567947B1 (fr) 1986-12-26
USRE33553E (en) 1991-03-12
FR2567947A1 (fr) 1986-01-24

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP0172765B1 (de) Auf dem Merkmal einer Oberflächenstruktur beruhendes Zugangskontrollverfahren und- system
CA1164565A (fr) Objet portatif individualise du genre de carte de credit
EP0589755B1 (de) Spielterminal
FR2471632A1 (fr) Appareil et procede pour coder et decoder une carte delivree a un individu par une entite
FR2492135A1 (fr) Appareil de distribution d'objets et d'acquisition de services
OA10739A (fr) Dispositif électronique de fermeture programmable
FR2624285A1 (fr) Systeme de gestion par carte du stationnement payant de vehicules
FR2654236A1 (fr) Procede de protection contre l'utilisation frauduleuse de cartes a microprocesseur, et dispositif de mise en óoeuvre.
FR2568040A1 (fr) Installation de commande et de controle des differentes serrures codees d'un ensemble
FR2642544A1 (fr) Systeme de traitement de donnees a programme de securite
EP1012792B1 (de) Verfahren und einrichtung zum erzeugen einer unfälschbaren personifizierten teilnehmerkarte
FR2473755A1 (fr) Procede et dispositif electronique de memorisation et de traitement confidentiel de donnees
EP0536040B1 (de) Verfahren zur Aufzeichnung einer neu kodierten Nachricht anstelle einer älteren, auf einer magnetischen Spur eines Trägerdokumentes kodierten Nachricht durch einen manuellen Ersatz dieses Dokumentes und ein System, um dieses Verfahren durchzuführen
FR2765979A1 (fr) Terminal informatique individuel susceptible de communiquer avec un equipement informatique d'une facon securisee, ainsi qu'un procede d'authentification mis en oeuvre par ledit terminal
FR2657793A1 (fr) Appareil de centrifugation a rotor amovible et a moyens d'identification des rotors.
FR2766949A1 (fr) Systeme de machine a sous securise
EP1214695A1 (de) Elektronische karte mit einer gespeicherten karteninhaberidentifikation
CA2156791C (fr) Procede de transmission d'informations entre un centre de controle informatise et une pluralite de machines a affranchir electronique
FR2770316A1 (fr) Systeme pour la communication securisee sans contact entre un terminal et un objet portatif tel qu'une carte a puce
CA2324879C (fr) Procede pour modifier de maniere indivisible une pluralite d'emplacements de la memoire non volatile d'une carte a microcircuit, notamment une carte sans contact
FR2710769A1 (fr) Système de traitement des données d'une carte à microcircuit, carte et lecteur pour ce système et procédé de mise en Óoeuvre.
FR2911710A1 (fr) Systeme de gestion d'un ensemble de machines de jeu
EP1498841A1 (de) Schaltkreis für einen Mehrzwecktransponder und Verfahren zur Speicherverwaltung desselben
WO1996038824A1 (fr) Dispositif pour le rangement de petits objets et pour la gestion et la surveillance des entrees et sorties de ces petits objets
FR2773405A1 (fr) Procede et systeme de controle d'acces a une ressource limite a certaines plages horaires

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE GB IT LI LU NL SE

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 19860728

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 19880426

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE GB IT LI LU NL SE

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 47458

Country of ref document: AT

Date of ref document: 19891115

Kind code of ref document: T

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 3573819

Country of ref document: DE

Date of ref document: 19891123

ITF It: translation for a ep patent filed

Owner name: JACOBACCI & PERANI S.P.A.

GBT Gb: translation of ep patent filed (gb section 77(6)(a)/1977)
PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

26N No opposition filed
ITTA It: last paid annual fee
EPTA Lu: last paid annual fee
EAL Se: european patent in force in sweden

Ref document number: 85401498.2

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SE

Payment date: 19990708

Year of fee payment: 15

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: BE

Payment date: 19990713

Year of fee payment: 15

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: AT

Payment date: 19990714

Year of fee payment: 15

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Payment date: 19990715

Year of fee payment: 15

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LU

Payment date: 19990719

Year of fee payment: 15

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: CH

Payment date: 19990720

Year of fee payment: 15

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Payment date: 19990726

Year of fee payment: 15

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NL

Payment date: 19990728

Year of fee payment: 15

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LU

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20000719

Ref country code: GB

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20000719

Ref country code: AT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20000719

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20000720

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20000731

Ref country code: CH

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20000731

Ref country code: BE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20000731

BERE Be: lapsed

Owner name: ASSOCIATION POUR LA PROMOTION DE LA TECHNOLOGIE P

Effective date: 20000731

Owner name: COMMUNAUTE EUROPEENNE DE L'ENERGIE ATOMIQUE EURAT

Effective date: 20000731

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NL

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20010201

GBPC Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee

Effective date: 20000719

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: PL

EUG Se: european patent has lapsed

Ref document number: 85401498.2

NLV4 Nl: lapsed or anulled due to non-payment of the annual fee

Effective date: 20010201

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20010501