EP0172765B1 - Auf dem Merkmal einer Oberflächenstruktur beruhendes Zugangskontrollverfahren und- system - Google Patents

Auf dem Merkmal einer Oberflächenstruktur beruhendes Zugangskontrollverfahren und- system Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0172765B1
EP0172765B1 EP85401498A EP85401498A EP0172765B1 EP 0172765 B1 EP0172765 B1 EP 0172765B1 EP 85401498 A EP85401498 A EP 85401498A EP 85401498 A EP85401498 A EP 85401498A EP 0172765 B1 EP0172765 B1 EP 0172765B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
support object
information
support
reader
texture
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP85401498A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0172765A1 (de
Inventor
Bertrand Causse D'agraives
Janny Mathieu
Patrick Jamar
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
European Atomic Energy Community Euratom
ASSOCIATION POUR LA PROMOTION de la TECHNOLOGIE PROMOTECH
Original Assignee
European Atomic Energy Community Euratom
ASSOCIATION POUR LA PROMOTION de la TECHNOLOGIE PROMOTECH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by European Atomic Energy Community Euratom, ASSOCIATION POUR LA PROMOTION de la TECHNOLOGIE PROMOTECH filed Critical European Atomic Energy Community Euratom
Priority to AT85401498T priority Critical patent/ATE47458T1/de
Publication of EP0172765A1 publication Critical patent/EP0172765A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0172765B1 publication Critical patent/EP0172765B1/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07C—TIME OR ATTENDANCE REGISTERS; REGISTERING OR INDICATING THE WORKING OF MACHINES; GENERATING RANDOM NUMBERS; VOTING OR LOTTERY APPARATUS; ARRANGEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS FOR CHECKING NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • G07C9/00—Individual registration on entry or exit
    • G07C9/00174—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys
    • G07C9/00658—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys operated by passive electrical keys
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07F—COIN-FREED OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • G07F7/00—Mechanisms actuated by objects other than coins to free or to actuate vending, hiring, coin or paper currency dispensing or refunding apparatus
    • G07F7/08—Mechanisms actuated by objects other than coins to free or to actuate vending, hiring, coin or paper currency dispensing or refunding apparatus by coded identity card or credit card or other personal identification means
    • G07F7/086—Mechanisms actuated by objects other than coins to free or to actuate vending, hiring, coin or paper currency dispensing or refunding apparatus by coded identity card or credit card or other personal identification means by passive credit-cards adapted therefor, e.g. constructive particularities to avoid counterfeiting, e.g. by inclusion of a physical or chemical security-layer

Definitions

  • the subject of the present invention is an access control system, that is to say a system making it possible to trigger an action equivalent to an authorization after checking the identity of an object introduced into this system.
  • the system of the invention constitutes a “key-lock” assembly provided that these terms are given a broad meaning: the word “key” must be understood as designating a support object provided with a single identity and the word “lock”, an organ capable of recognizing this identity and ordering an action. But the object-support of the invention does not necessarily take the traditional form of a key. It can be in any form, including a card. As for the function of the "control member”, it is not necessarily limited to action on the door bolt, but may correspond to an authorization to access any system, computer, telematics, banking, etc ...
  • the very principle of locksmithing is to give an portable object (the key) an identity (a profile for example) and to make an organ (the lock) capable of recognizing this identity and triggering an action.
  • the key is a reproducible object, for obvious reasons which are due to the fact that several people will have to have the same key (members of the same family, of the same society, etc.).
  • the lock being linked to a particular shape given to a key, it can only cooperate with one type of key.
  • the object of the invention is to remedy this drawback.
  • This goal is achieved by the use of a key which, by nature, is not reproducible.
  • This characteristic is obtained by choosing, as information capable of defining the identity of a key, no longer artificially manufactured information (such as a toothing or a magnetic or optical property of a band), but natural information which is the texture of the surface of a room. This information is so complex that it cannot be reproduced.
  • this information is unique, because two objects, even identical in the macroscopic sense, are actually different if we go down to their surface texture. It goes without saying that nothing prevents adding an artificial texture to the natural texture (scratches, streaks, marks, etc.).
  • the present invention takes up this idea by applying it to the field of access control systems.
  • the choice of surface texture as a means of identification means that the procedure for loading authorized information must be modified, in such a way that it is impossible to counterfeit it.
  • the lock of the invention which is provided, like electronic locks, with different memory locations is such that these locations can only receive the setpoint information by reading the keys authorized to open the lock. In other words, we no longer write information in the lock's memory that we have written on a medium.
  • the procedure is the opposite: keys are first manufactured with any texture and the locks are then conditioned, a posteriori, according to said keys.
  • the quantity used for identifying the key is a continuous analog quantity and not a digital value. It may therefore be possible to proceed analogically for the comparison operation between the setpoint quantity and the quantity read. But of course, it will often be better to convert the analog signal to digital and then proceed with digital processing.
  • Another originality of the lock of the invention is that the means responsible for reading the information contained in the support which is presented to it is a texture reader and no longer a magnetic reader.
  • documents US-A 4218674 and GB-A 2072390 describe authentication techniques which use random imperfections introduced into a support (magnetic elements, lines, color spots, etc.).
  • a reader capable of detecting these imperfections delivers a logical signal (the imperfection is or is not present) and the set of logical signals corresponding to a segment of the object forms a logical code which constitutes the identity of the document.
  • a bit-by-bit comparison between the code read and a code previously recorded makes it possible to ensure the authenticity of the document examined.
  • the use of the surface texture makes such fraud impossible, since it would be necessary to reproduce analog information (the topography of a surface is information which varies continuously as a function of space, whereas, in the prior art cited, the information is of the all or nothing type).
  • each support object has the form of a key with a head capable of being grasped manually and a body having at least one flat part from which the surface portion whose texture is read is taken.
  • the body of the key is metallic and preferably made of an alloy, which gives the texture a particular complexity.
  • each support object has the form of a map, part of the surface of which is used for reading the texture.
  • This card can be made of flexible plastic.
  • the key can have a cylindrical shape with a reading either rotatable along the circumference, or rectilinear according to a generator.
  • the key may have a tubular appearance, the reading taking place outside or inside the tube.
  • the key can consist of a usual object such as a pen.
  • the reader comprises a block for receiving the support object, a transducer capable of translating the relief of the key into an electrical signal (for example a piezoelectric tip), this transducer being arranged on an arm and a means of movement. relative of the arm and of the support object along a surface portion thereof.
  • the arm is connected to a displacement means which is set in motion when the support is immobilized in the receiving block.
  • This means of moving the arm can be a clockwork movement connected to an arming arm, one end of which is moved by the introduction of the support object into the receiving block.
  • this means of moving the arm can also be an electric motor.
  • the read tip is stationary and the texture of the support object is read during the introduction of the latter into the receiving block.
  • the reading can be carried out during the withdrawal of the key from the reception block.
  • the comparison circuit preferably consists of a correlator followed by a threshold circuit.
  • a correlator is particularly useful here because the measurement signal is of analog character and that it is sampled at a large number of points, for example 512 or 1024 or more.
  • the comparison between the signal read and the reference signal can therefore call upon the technique of correlation, whereas in the prior art of electronic locks, words of a few bytes are compared bit by bit. Other more or less complex digital processing methods can be used.
  • the device shown in FIGS. 1, 2 and 3 comprises a block 10 for receiving a key 12 with a trapezoidal section, a stop 14, a first arm 16 moved by the end of the key and movable about an axis 18 , this arm being articulated on a second arm 20 which cooperates with a toothed wheel 22 arming a spiral spring 24.
  • the arm 16 is in position 16 ′, the arm 18 in position 18 'and the wheel 22 escapes.
  • the spring 24 then controls the movement of a third arm 25 articulated on a fourth arm 26, pivoting about an axis 28 and the end of which carries a sensor 30 provided with a read tip 32.
  • the reassembly of the system corresponds at the angular displacement marked 31 in FIG. 2 and the reading phase at the displacement marked 33.
  • the latter corresponds to a reading range 34 located on the upper side of the key, and in the shape of an arc of a circle. But we can provide a system where the reading range would be straight.
  • the sensor 30 delivers an analog electrical signal which is applied to an electronic circuit 40. This circuit includes all or part of the processing means, which are illustrated in FIGS. 4 to 6.
  • FIG. 4 first of all, there is shown the general diagram of an installation implementing the invention.
  • a reader block 50 connected to a microprocessor 52 by a link bus 54.
  • the block 50 is connected to an autorelay 56, which is connected to a relay 58 which is the control relay of the member 60, which is either an electric strike or a lock.
  • the assembly is connected to a general power supply 62.
  • the block 50 can also be connected to an alarm circuit 64, and to an interface 66 allowing possible connection with another lock of the same type.
  • FIG. 5 Such a card is represented functionally in FIG. 5. It comprises a microprocessor 70 (for example of the 6800 or 6809 type), a clock 72, a random access memory 74 (of the RAM type) comprising several memory locations, an address decoder 75 , an analog-digital converter 76 connected to the sensor 30 of the reader.
  • the data circulates on a bus 80, the addresses on a bus 82 and the control orders (write-read in memory and sampling-conversion) on a bus 84.
  • the microprocessor 70 is connected to an input-output circuit 90 which is connected by a connection 91 to the electric strike to be controlled (through relays - see Figure 4) by the connection 92 to a switch and by the connection 93 to other locks or various bodies.
  • the operation of this system is as follows.
  • the analog signal delivered by the sensor 30 is sampled and each sample is converted to digital by the converter 76.
  • the microprocessor 70 receives all of the digital signals read and has access to the various reference signals stored in 74. With the aid of these two data, it performs a correlation and compares the result obtained with a degree of correlation fixed in advance.
  • this diagram can give rise to various embodiments depending on the applications.
  • a version with autonomous power supply and a standby of the microprocessor can be provided.
  • the memory contained in each reader then serves as a buffer, pending availability of the central unit.
  • the overall time for opening a lock after inserting a key is less than 3 s. for 10 keys and less than 9 s. for a number greater than and ten keys.
  • the card which has just been described is suitable for communicating with any computer peripheral: printer, keyboard, video screen, mass memory, etc.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
  • Lock And Its Accessories (AREA)
  • Radar Systems Or Details Thereof (AREA)
  • Control Of Position, Course, Altitude, Or Attitude Of Moving Bodies (AREA)
  • Vehicle Body Suspensions (AREA)
  • Testing Of Coins (AREA)

Claims (14)

1. Zugangskontrollverfahren bestehend aus: Bilden von Objektträgern, die mit einer Identifikationsinformation versehen sind, Speichern von Speicherinformationen entsprechend einer geeigneten Anordnung von Objektträgern in einem Speicherorgan, das mehrere Informationsspeicherplätze aufweist, Lesen von einem Objektträger zugehörigen Informationen, Vergleichen der gelesenen Information und jeder der gespeicherten Information in den Speichern, Bestimmen des Übereinstimmungsgrades zwischen der gelesenen Information und einer der Informationen, die in den Speicherplätzen des Speicherorgans enthalten sind, und Liefern eines Signals, wenn der Übereinstimmungsgrad ausreichend ist, das ein Auslösesignal einer Aktion bildet, wobei das Verfahren dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, dass als Identifikationsinformation eines jeden Objektträgers die Struktur eines Oberflächenbereiches dieses Objektträgers gewählt wird und dass die Speicherinformationen erhalten werden durch vorheriges Lesen der Informationen der geeigneten Objektträger und durch Speichern dieser Informationen in dem Speicherorgan.
2. Zugangskontrollsystem, das erlaubt, eine Aktion nach Identitätskontrolle eines Objektträgers auszulösen, der in das System eingeführt wird und eine Identifikationsinformation trägt, wobei das System auf bekannte Art aufweist: einen Leser (30), der geeignet ist, einen derartigen Objektträger (32) zu empfangen und die dem Objektträger zugeordnete Information zu lesen, ein Speicherorgan (74), das mehrere Speicherplätze aufweist, die mit Speicherinformation belegt sind, entsprechend einer geeigneten Objektträgeranordnung, eine Vergleichereinrichtung (70) zwischen einerseits einem Signal, das durch den Leser (30) geliefert wird, wenn irgendein Objektträger (12) in das System eingeführt wird, und, andererseits, jeder in den Speicherplätzen (74) angeordneten Speicherinformationen, wobei die Vergleichereinrichtung den Übereinstimmungsgrad zwischen der dem Objektträger entsprechenden Information, die in den Leser eingeführt ist und einer der Informationen bestimmt, die in den Speicherplätzen des Speicherorgans enthalten sind, und einen Schaltkreis (70), der mit dem Vergleicherschaltkreis verbunden ist und, wenn der Übereinstimmungsgrad ausreichend ist, ein Signal liefert, das ein Auslösesignal für eine Betätigung bildet, wobei das System dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, dass die einem jeden Objektträger anhaftende Identifikationsinformation durch die Struktur eines Bereiches der Oberfläche (34) des Objektträgers (12) gebildet ist, wobei der Leser ein Oberflächenstrukturleser (30, 32) ist, wobei die Beaufschlagung bzw. Ladung einer Speicherinformation durch Einführen eines geeigneten Objektträgers in den Leser, das Lesen dieses Objektträgers und die Speicherung des in einem der in Rede stehenden Speichern bzw. Orten gelesenen Signals erfolgt.
3. System nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass jeder Objektträger die Form eines Schlüssels (12) mit einem Kopf aufweist, der geeignet ist, manuell erfasst zu werden, und einen Körper aufweist, der wenigstens einen ebenen Bereich aufweist, wo der Oberflächenbereich (34) genommen wird, von dem die Struktur gelesen wird.
4. System nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Körper des Schlüssels metallisch ist.
5. System nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Schlüsselkörper aus einer Legierung gebildet ist.
6. System nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass jeder Objektträger die Form einer Karte aufweist, deren einer Bereich der Oberfläche verwendet wird für ein Lesen der Struktur.
7. System nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Leser einem Aufnahmeblock (10) des Objektträgers (12), eine piezoelektrische Spitze (32), die auf einem Arm (26) angeordnet ist, eine Verschiebeeinrichtung bezüglich des Armes und des Objektträgers entlang eines Oberflächenbereiches (34) von diesem aufweist.
8. System nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Arm (26) mit einer Verschiebe- bzw. Bewegungseinrichtung (22, 24) verbunden ist, die in Bewegung versetzt wird, wenn der Träger in Anschlag (14) in dem Aufnahmeblock (10) ist.
9. System nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Bewegungseinrichtung des Armes ein Uhrwerksmotor (22, 24) ist, der mit einem Betätigungshebel (16, 8) verbunden ist, von dem ein Ende durch Einführen des Objektträgers (12) in den Aufnahmeblock (10) bewegt wird.
10. System nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Bewegungseinrichtung des Armes ein Elektromotor ist.
11. System nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die piezoelektrische Spitze (32) unbeweglich ist und dass das Lesen der Struktur des Objektträgers (12) während des Einführens von diesem in den Aufnahmeblock (10) erfolgt.
12. System nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Leser einen analog-numerischen Wandler (76) aufweist, so dass das von dem Leser gelieferte Signal somit numerisch ist.
13. System nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Verarbeitungsschaltkreis einen Mikroprozessor (70) aufweist.
14. System nach Anspruch 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Mikroprozessor (70) eine Korrelation zwischen dem gelesenen Signal und den Speichersignalen durchführt.
EP85401498A 1984-07-23 1985-07-19 Auf dem Merkmal einer Oberflächenstruktur beruhendes Zugangskontrollverfahren und- system Expired EP0172765B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT85401498T ATE47458T1 (de) 1984-07-23 1985-07-19 Auf dem merkmal einer oberflaechenstruktur beruhendes zugangskontrollverfahren undsystem.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8411643A FR2567947B1 (fr) 1984-07-23 1984-07-23 Systeme de controle d'acces a lecture de texture de surface
FR8411643 1984-07-23

Publications (2)

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EP0172765A1 EP0172765A1 (de) 1986-02-26
EP0172765B1 true EP0172765B1 (de) 1989-10-18

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EP85401498A Expired EP0172765B1 (de) 1984-07-23 1985-07-19 Auf dem Merkmal einer Oberflächenstruktur beruhendes Zugangskontrollverfahren und- system

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US (2) US4677435A (de)
EP (1) EP0172765B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE47458T1 (de)
CA (1) CA1235779A (de)
DE (1) DE3573819D1 (de)
FR (1) FR2567947B1 (de)

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CA1235779A (en) 1988-04-26
FR2567947B1 (fr) 1986-12-26
FR2567947A1 (fr) 1986-01-24
DE3573819D1 (en) 1989-11-23
ATE47458T1 (de) 1989-11-15
EP0172765A1 (de) 1986-02-26
USRE33553E (en) 1991-03-12
US4677435A (en) 1987-06-30

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