EP0169256B1 - Wasserrohrkessel - Google Patents

Wasserrohrkessel Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0169256B1
EP0169256B1 EP19840108703 EP84108703A EP0169256B1 EP 0169256 B1 EP0169256 B1 EP 0169256B1 EP 19840108703 EP19840108703 EP 19840108703 EP 84108703 A EP84108703 A EP 84108703A EP 0169256 B1 EP0169256 B1 EP 0169256B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
manifold
tubes
chambers
chamber
housing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP19840108703
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0169256A1 (de
Inventor
George Cooke
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Prime Boilers Inc
Original Assignee
Prime Boilers Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Prime Boilers Inc filed Critical Prime Boilers Inc
Priority to EP19840108703 priority Critical patent/EP0169256B1/de
Priority to DE8484108703T priority patent/DE3478139D1/de
Publication of EP0169256A1 publication Critical patent/EP0169256A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0169256B1 publication Critical patent/EP0169256B1/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B21/00—Water-tube boilers of vertical or steeply-inclined type, i.e. the water-tube sets being arranged vertically or substantially vertically
    • F22B21/22—Water-tube boilers of vertical or steeply-inclined type, i.e. the water-tube sets being arranged vertically or substantially vertically built-up from water tubes of form other than straight or substantially straight
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B37/00—Component parts or details of steam boilers
    • F22B37/02—Component parts or details of steam boilers applicable to more than one kind or type of steam boiler
    • F22B37/40—Arrangements of partition walls in flues of steam boilers, e.g. built-up from baffles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/22—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating
    • F24H1/40—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating with water tube or tubes
    • F24H1/406—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating with water tube or tubes the tubes forming a membrane wall

Definitions

  • This application relates to improvements in the construction and operation of a water tube boiler comprising a housing containing upper and lower left and right water manifolds. Tubes connect the left manifolds and other tubes the right manifolds. The tubes are bent toward one another to form a plurality of superposed chambers through which combustion gases must successively flow, from front to back in one chamber and from back to front within the next.
  • a boiler having the features of the first part of Claim 1, in which at least one upper and at least one lower manifold project from the inside of the housing to the outside, a downcomer outside the housing connects the top of the lower manifold and the lowest part of the upper manifold, thereby permitting the boiler to operate within a shallow level of water in the upper manifold, speeding up circulation of water and its heating, and permitting substantially dry steam to be discharged from the upper manifold, and a baffle (or baffles) is angled within its chamber so that the hot gas hits it at an angle less than 90° so as to be deflected thereby in the direction of its advance, thereby avoiding hot spots, and further successive chambers of the boiler are reduced in volume from bottom to top to make up for the reduction in volume as the hot gas cools, thereby keeping the gas velocity high and maintaining turbulence which helps heat exchange.
  • FIG. 1 there is shown a housing 10 having a top wall 12, a bottom wall 14, a left side wall 16, a right side wall 18, a front wall 20 and a rear wall 22.
  • a lower manifold 24 and an upper manifold 26 project through the front and rear walls 20 and 22.
  • Means are provided to introduce cold water into the lower manifold at 28 and to remove steam from the upper manifold at 30, outside the housing.
  • a downcomer 32 outside the housing connects the lowest part of the upper manifold 26 with the top of the lower manifold 24 so that water in the upper manifold can rapidly run down for reheating, speeding up the circulation. This also permits the upper manifold to operate with a shallow level of water which also speeds up production of steam and which permits substantially dry steam to be discharged from the upper manifold 26.
  • a plurality of tubes 36 extend from the left upper manifold 26 to the left lower manifold 24 and a similar number of tubes 38 extend from the right upper manifold 26 to the right lower manifold 24. Except for the first 36a and last 36c few tubes in each set, for a reason to be described later, the balance of the tubes 38b are all similarly bent as are the tubes 38.
  • Each tube has a vertical component and tubes 38a and 38b have two horizontal components, i.e. one run to the left side of the boiler, or actually to the tubes 36, and then a return run.
  • the bends in tubes 38 are not identical to those of tubes 36 but rather complementary so that together they form a series of vertically superposed chambers 40a, 40b, 40c, 40d and 40e, decreasing in volume from bottom to top to make up for reduction in volume as the hot gas cools, thereby keeping the gas velocity high and maintaining turbulence which helps heat exchange.
  • the boiler has five, seven or nine chambers.
  • Combustion gases in chamber 40a rise through such space and enter chamber 40b traversing it horizontally from back to front.
  • the tube bends similarly cause the gases to traverse successive chambers until they reach the topmost chamber 40e where they exit through an opening in the top 12.
  • rectangular baffles 46 having the shape shown in Figure 5 may be provided, extending from adjacent one side wall toward but short of the other. They are just high enough to span a chamber being held in position by their fit between the troughs formed by adja- centtubes. They are inserted by simple sliding and may be removed, or slid more or less into their chambers, either manually or automatically (not shown), as desired.
  • baffle 46 If more than one baffle 46 is present in a given chamber they must alternately extend from opposite sides. Thus, while the combustion gas is moving from rear to front in chamber 40b the gas stream must move from side to side to get around the baffles.
  • the baffles have front and rear elements which are high and low enough to lodge in the nips between adjacent tubes.
  • a lower section which is just high enough to clear the minimum vertical space of the chamber. This section is arranged at an angle less than 90°C, e.g. about 45° so the gas will be deflected off it in a direction which will help advance the gas, thereby avoiding hot spots.
  • the baffles can serve a further purpose, viz. maintaining efficient utilization of fuel notwithstanding fluctuating fuel feed rates as a consequence of fluctuation in steam demand. Specifically, one monitors the oxygen content of the hot gas exiting the boiler which otherwise will change as feed and demand vary. However, the position of the baffle or baffles is adjusted to maintain this oxygen content substantially constant, e.g. as demand goes down the oxygen content will go up, so the baffle positions will be adjusted to give more baffling and thereby restore the oxygen level to the predetermined value.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)

Claims (5)

1. Wasserrohrkessel mit einem Gehäuse (10), das eine mit einem Gasauslaß versehene Decke (12), einen Boden (14), eine linke (16) und eine rechte (18) Seitenwand sowie eine Vorder- (20) und eine Rückwand (22) aufweist und in dem zur Decke, zum Boden und zu den Seitenwänden im wesentlichen parallel eine obere Sammelleitung (26) und eine untere Sammelleitung (24) angeordnet sind und das zwei Rohre (36, 38) aufweist, von denen jeder eine Vielzahl von Rohren enthält und von denen der eine Satz die obere Sammelleitung mit der unteren Sammelleitung auf der linken Seite und der andere Satz die obere Sammelleitung mit der unteren Sammelleitung auf der rechten Seite verbindet, wobei die Rohre eines jeden Satzes von der oberen Sammelleitung entlang ihrere korrespondierenden Seitenwand aufwärts steigen, dann das Gehäuse bis zur gegenüberliegenden Seitenwand durchqueren, nahe dieser gegenüberliegenden Seitenwand weiter aufwärts steigen, des Gehäuse wieder zu ihrer korrespondierenden Seitenwand hin durchqueren, entlang dieser aufsteigen und schließlich in der oberen Sammelleitung münden, und wobei die horizontalen Teilstücke der Rohre das einen Satzes gegenüber den horizontalen Teilstücken der Rohre des anderen Satzes vertikal versetzt sind, um eine Mehrzahl von einander überlagerten Kammern (40 a, b, c, d, e) zu bilden, und wobei einzelne Rohre der Sätze unterschiedlich gebogen sind, um von jeder Kammer zu den darüber und darunter befindlichen Kammern Zutrittsöffnungen zu bilden, die von Kammer zu Kammer gegeneinander versetzt sind, um durch die Kammern aufsteigendes Gas zu veranlassen, die eine Kammer von vorn nach hintern und die nächste Kammer von hinten nach vorn zu durchqueren, und mit einer Einrichtung zum Zuführen von Flüssigkeit in eine der Sammelleitungen und zum Abführen der Flüssigkeit aus der anderen Sammelleitung, sowie mit einer Einrichtung zum Zuführen eines heißen Gases in die unterste (40a), der überlagerten Kammern, das heiße Gas aufsteigend durch die Kammern, welche es aufeinanderfolgend abwechselnd von vorn nach hinten und dann von hinten nach vorn durchquert, bis es aus der obersten Kammer (40e) durch den Gasauslaß in der Decke austritt, wobei es die durch die Sammelleitungen und Rohre strömende Flüssigkeit erhitzt, ferner mit wenigstens einem im wenigstens einer der Kammern angeordneten Umlenkblech (46), das sich von der Decke bis zum Boden und von einer der Seiten nach der anderen Seite zu, aber kurz vor dieser endend, erstreckt, wodurch diese Kammer von vorn nach hinten durchquerendes heißes Gas zusätzlich gezwungen ist, um dieses Umlenkblech herumzuströmen, gekennzeichnet durch die folgenden Merkmale
a) wenigstens eine obere (26) und wenigstens eine untere (24) Sammelleitung erstrecken sich von der Innenseite zur Außenseite des Gehäuses (10) und ein außerhalb des Gehäuses angeordnetes Fallrohr (32) verbindet das Oberteil der unteren Sammelleitung und den untersten Teil der oberen Sammelleitung, dadurch den Betrieb des Kessels mit einem niedrigen Wasserspiegel in der oberen Sammelleitung und damit eine Beschleunigung der Zirkulation des Wassers und seiner Erhitzung sowie des Auslasses von im wesentlichen trockenem Dampf aus der oberen Sammelleitung ermöglichend,
b) das Umlenkblech (46) ist innerhalb seiner Kammer abgewinkelt, so da das heiße Gas unter einem Winkel von weniger als 90° auf das Blech auftrifft und in Richtung seiner Vorwärtsbewegung abgelenkt wird und dadurch überhitzte Stellen verhindert werden,
c) vom Boden (14) zur Decke (12) aufeinanderfolgende Kammern sind im Volumen reduziert, um die Volumenverringerung des Gases beim Abkühlen auszugleichen, dadurch die Gasgeschwindigkeit hoch- und die Turbulenz aufrechterhaltend, was den Hitzeaustausch fördert.
2. Wasserrohrkessel nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß alle Rohre (36, 38) an der oberen Sammelleitung (26) in Höhe oder unterhalb ihrer horizontalen Mittellinie angeschlossen sind.
3. Wasserrohrkessel nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß jedes Rohr (36, 38) auf dem Weg von der unteren (24) zur oberen (26) Sammelleitung aufsteigende oder horizontale Teilstücke, zur Vermeidung des Einschlusses von Gas aber keine abwärts gerichteten Teilstücke aufweist.
4. Wasserrohrkessel nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß er fünf, sieben oder neun Kammern (46) aufweist.
5. Wasserrohrkessel nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, gekennzeichnet, durch eine Mehrzahl von Ablenkflächen (46) in einer Mehrzahl von Kammern (40).
EP19840108703 1984-07-24 1984-07-24 Wasserrohrkessel Expired EP0169256B1 (de)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP19840108703 EP0169256B1 (de) 1984-07-24 1984-07-24 Wasserrohrkessel
DE8484108703T DE3478139D1 (en) 1984-07-24 1984-07-24 Water tube boiler

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP19840108703 EP0169256B1 (de) 1984-07-24 1984-07-24 Wasserrohrkessel

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0169256A1 EP0169256A1 (de) 1986-01-29
EP0169256B1 true EP0169256B1 (de) 1989-05-10

Family

ID=8192073

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19840108703 Expired EP0169256B1 (de) 1984-07-24 1984-07-24 Wasserrohrkessel

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EP (1) EP0169256B1 (de)
DE (1) DE3478139D1 (de)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2017060818A1 (en) * 2015-10-09 2017-04-13 Sabic Global Technologies B.V. Convection section having a decliner plate

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT93517B (de) * 1921-04-13 1923-07-10 Clayton & Shuttleworth Ltd Einrichtung zur Führung der Heizgase bei Wärmeaustausch vorrichtungen, insbesondere bei Wasserrohrkesseln.
US1990743A (en) * 1933-03-14 1935-02-12 Mcguiness William Boiler
EP0052939A1 (de) * 1980-11-20 1982-06-02 Encon Limited Wasserrohrkessel
US4355602A (en) * 1981-08-10 1982-10-26 Cedar Dunes Investments Ltd. Boiler
HU185530B (en) * 1982-05-18 1985-02-28 Koezponti Valto Hitelbank Gas- or oil-fired warm water, hot water or steam boiler

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0169256A1 (de) 1986-01-29
DE3478139D1 (en) 1989-06-15

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