CA1265713A - Water tube boiler - Google Patents
Water tube boilerInfo
- Publication number
- CA1265713A CA1265713A CA000465893A CA465893A CA1265713A CA 1265713 A CA1265713 A CA 1265713A CA 000465893 A CA000465893 A CA 000465893A CA 465893 A CA465893 A CA 465893A CA 1265713 A CA1265713 A CA 1265713A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- chambers
- tubes
- chamber
- manifold
- hot gas
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
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- Steam Or Hot-Water Central Heating Systems (AREA)
- Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT
In a water tube boiler comprising a housing enclosing tubes bent to form vertical chambers successively traversed by rising hot combustion gases, the tubes being connected at the bottom to a cold water manifold and at the top to a stearn manifold, the manifolds project beyond the housing with a downcomer outside the housing connecting the top of the lower manifold and the lowest part of the upper manifold, thereby permitting the boiler to operate with a shallow level of water in the upper manifold, speeding up circulation of water and its heating, and permitting substantially dry steam to be discharged from the upper manifold. The chambers may include baffles which are angled so that the hot gas hits them at an angle less than 90° so as to be deflected thereby in the direction of its advance, thereby avoiding hot spots.
Advantageously successive chambers from bottom to top are reduced in volume to make up for the reduction in volume as the hot gas cools, thereby keeping the gas velocity high and maintaining turbulence which helps heat exchange. For efficient fuel utilization, notwithstanding fluctuations in demand, the operator can monitor the oxygen content of the exiting combustion gas and adjust the baffling to maintain it substantially constant.
In a water tube boiler comprising a housing enclosing tubes bent to form vertical chambers successively traversed by rising hot combustion gases, the tubes being connected at the bottom to a cold water manifold and at the top to a stearn manifold, the manifolds project beyond the housing with a downcomer outside the housing connecting the top of the lower manifold and the lowest part of the upper manifold, thereby permitting the boiler to operate with a shallow level of water in the upper manifold, speeding up circulation of water and its heating, and permitting substantially dry steam to be discharged from the upper manifold. The chambers may include baffles which are angled so that the hot gas hits them at an angle less than 90° so as to be deflected thereby in the direction of its advance, thereby avoiding hot spots.
Advantageously successive chambers from bottom to top are reduced in volume to make up for the reduction in volume as the hot gas cools, thereby keeping the gas velocity high and maintaining turbulence which helps heat exchange. For efficient fuel utilization, notwithstanding fluctuations in demand, the operator can monitor the oxygen content of the exiting combustion gas and adjust the baffling to maintain it substantially constant.
Description
q~his application relates -to improvements in the construction and operation of a water tube boiler comprlsing a housing containing upper ancl lower left and right water manifolds. Tubes connect the left manifolds and o-ther tubes the right rnani.folds. The tubes are bent toward one another to form a plurality of superposed chambers through which combustion gases must successively flow, from front to back in one chamber and from back to front within the ne~t.
In U.S. Patent ~,355,602 there is d~scribed a simple boiler of the abovementionecl type which is relatively simple and inexpensive to manufacture and operate. That boiler comprises a housing having a top provided with a yas outlet, bottom, left and right sides and a front and back, the housing containing an upper manifold and a lower manifold substantially parallel to the top, bottom and side wall.s, two sets of tubes, each set comprising a plurality of tubes, one set joining the upper manifold to the lower manifold on the left and the other set joining the upper manifold to the lower manifold on the right, the tubes of each set rising from the lower manifold upwardly along their respective side wall, crossing the housing -to the opposite side wall, rising adjacent the opposite sid`e wall, re-crossing the housing to their respective side wall, rising thereal.ong and eventually joining the upper manifold, the horizontal runs of the tubes of one set being vertically offset relative to the horizontal runs of the tubes of the other set so as to form a plurality oE superposed chambers, individual tubes of the sets being differently bent so as to form access openings from each chamber to the chambers above and below, the openings from chamber to chamber being 57~;~
offset so as -to require a yas flowing th:rouyh said chambers to traverse one chamber ~rom front to back and -the next chamber from back to :Eront, means .Eor in-troduclng li~id in-to one o:E the mani.:Eolds and for withdrawing the liqu.id from the other manifolcl, and means for introducing a hot gas into the lowermost of the superposed chambers, the hot gas risiny successively through the chambers which it successively and alternately traverses from front to back and then from back to front until it exits from the uppermost chamber through the gas out:Let in the top, liquid flowing through the manifolds ancl tubes being heated by the hot gas, at least one baffle within at least one of the chambers extending from top to bottom and from one of the sides toward but terminating shor-t of the other, whereby hot gas traversing that chamber from front to back is additionally forced to flow laterally to get around said baffle.
It is an object of the present invention to improve the efficiency of operation of such a boiler by simple structural modifications and by simple procedural demands.
These and other objects and advantages are realized in accordance with the present invention pursuant to which at least one upper and at least one lower manifold project from the inside of the housin~
to the outside. A downcomer outside the housing connects the top o~ the lower manifold and the lowest part of the upper manifold, thereby permitting the boiler to operate within a shallow level of water in the upper manifold, speeding up circulation of water and its heating, and permitting substantially dry steam to be discharged from the upper manifold.
- ~ , , -. ., ~
~2~5~ 3 ... ..
In accordance with another aspect o~ ~he invention the baf~le (or baffles) is angled within its chamber so that the hot gas hits it at an angle less than 90 so as to b~ defl~cted ~hereby in the direction of its advance, thereby avoiding hot ~pots.
j' :
In accordance with yet another aspect o the invention successive chambers of the boiler are reduced in volume from bottom to top to make up for the reduction in volume as the hot gas cools, thereby keeping the gas velocity high and maintaining turbulence which helps heat exchange.
Finally, to maintain efficient fuel u~ilization while fluctuating the reed of fuel, the operator can monitor the oxygen content of the exiting combustion gas and adjust the baffling to maintain it substantially consta~t.
.
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein:
Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a boiler in accordance with the invention;
Fig. 2 is a front ~iew of a modified boiler ; ~ without baffles and downcomer;
Fig. 3 is a side view of the boiler of Fig. 2 showing the connection of tubes and downcomer with the manifolds;
; Fig. 4 is a plan view of the preferred arrangement of ba~1es in a cha~ber of the boiler o~ Fig. l; and Fig. 5 is a perspective view of one baf~le of Fig. 4.
' ,~j~ v" ~
~s~
Referring now more particularly to th~ drawing~, in Fig. 1 there i5 shown a housing 10 having a top wall 12, a bottom wall 14, a left side wall 16, a right side wall 18, a fron~ wall 20 and a rear wall 22. A pair of lower manifolds 24 and upper manifolds 26 project through the ~ront and rear walls 20 and 22. Means are provided to introduce cold water into the lower manifolds at 28 and to remove steam from the upper manifolds at 30, outside the housing. The ends of the lower manifol~s 24 are sealed at 32 and the ends of the upper manifolds are sealed at 34.
A downcomer outside the housing, as 68 and 70 in Fig. 3, co~nects ~he lowest part of the upper manifold 26 with the top of the lower ma~i~old 24 so that water in the upper manifold can rapidly run down for reheating, speeding up the circulation. This also permits the upper mani~old to operate with a shallow level of water which also speeds up production o~ steam and which permits substantially dry steam ~o be discharged ~rom the upper mani~old 26.
A plurality o~ tubes 36, illustratively twenty-three, extend ~rom the left upper manifold 26 to the left lower manifold 24 and a similar number o~
tubes 38 extend from the ~ight upper manifold 26 to the:
right lower manifold 24. Except for the ~irst 36a and last 36c ew tubes in each set, for a rcason to be described later, the balance o the tubes 36b are all similarly bent as are the tubes 38.
Each tube has a vertical component and tubes 38a and 38b have two hori~ontal components, i.e. one run to the let side of the boiler, or actually to the tubes 36, and ~hen a return run. The bends in tubes 38 are not identical to those of tubes 36 but ra~her complementary so that together they form a series of vertically superposed chambers 40a, 40b, 40c, 40d and 40e, decreasinq in volume from bottom to top to make up 571~
for reduction in vo1ume ~, the hot gas cools, thereby keeping the gas velocit~ hicJh and maintaining turbulence which helps hea-t exchange.
Advantageously, the boiler has five, seven or nine chambers. Combustion gases in chamber 40a rise -through SUC}l space and enter chamber 40b traversing it horizontally from bac]c to front. The tube bends similarly cause the gases to traverse successive chambers until they reach -the topmost chamber 40e where they exit -through an opening in the top 12.
For improved heat exchange, in addition to the tortuous gas flow so far defined, a more complex flow is possible. Thus rectangular baffles 46 having the shape shown in Fig. 5 may be provided, extending from adjacent one side wall toward but short of the other. They are just high enough to span a chamber being held in position by their fit between the troughs formed by adjacent tubes. They are inserted by simple sliding and may be removed, or slid more or less into their chambers, ei-ther manually or automatically (not shown), as desired.
If more than one baffle 46 is presen-t ln a given chamber they must alternately extend from opposite sides. Thus while the combustion gas is moving from rear to front in chamber 40b the gas stream must move from side to side to get around the baffles.
As shown in Figs~ 4 and 5 the baffles have front and rear elements wh:ich are high and low enough to lodge in the nips between adjacent tubes. In between there is a lower section which is just high enough to clear the minimum vertical space of the chamber. This section is arranged at an angle less than 90C, e.g. about 45 so the gas will be deflected ~ S~7~3 off it in a direction which will help advance the gas, thereby avoiding hot spots.
In the embodiment o~ Fig. 2 there is a single lower manifold 50 in place of the dual lower mani~olds 28 of Fig. 1. Similarly there is a single upper manifold 52. The tubes connect with these manifolds 50 and 52 at, 72 and 74, respectively (Fig. 3).
In Figs. 1, 2 and 3 it can be seen that the connections between the, tubes and upper manifo}d are not in a straight line but rather are staggered.
However, all the tubes join the upper mani~old at or below the upper manifold's horizontal center line and each tube in going from lower to upper manifold has lengths which rise or are horizontal but has no lengths which go downwardly`, thereby avoiding entrapment of 'gas.
The ba~fles can serve a further purpose, viz.
maintaining e~ficient utilization o~ ~uel notwithstanding fluctuating ~uel ~eed rates as a consequence o~ ctuation in steam demand.
Specifically, one monitors the oxygen content of the hot gas exiting the boiler which otherwise will change as ~eed and demand vary, EIowever, the position of the baffle or ~a~les is adjusted to maintain this oxygen content cubstantially constant, e.g. as demand goes down the oxygen content will go up, so the ba~fle positions will be adjusted to give more baf~ling and thereby restore the oxygen level to the predetemined value.
Xt will be understood tha the speci~ication and examples are illustra~ive but no~ limitative o~ the present invention and that other embodiments within the spirit and scope of the invention will ~uggest themselves to those skilled in ~he art.
. .
In U.S. Patent ~,355,602 there is d~scribed a simple boiler of the abovementionecl type which is relatively simple and inexpensive to manufacture and operate. That boiler comprises a housing having a top provided with a yas outlet, bottom, left and right sides and a front and back, the housing containing an upper manifold and a lower manifold substantially parallel to the top, bottom and side wall.s, two sets of tubes, each set comprising a plurality of tubes, one set joining the upper manifold to the lower manifold on the left and the other set joining the upper manifold to the lower manifold on the right, the tubes of each set rising from the lower manifold upwardly along their respective side wall, crossing the housing -to the opposite side wall, rising adjacent the opposite sid`e wall, re-crossing the housing to their respective side wall, rising thereal.ong and eventually joining the upper manifold, the horizontal runs of the tubes of one set being vertically offset relative to the horizontal runs of the tubes of the other set so as to form a plurality oE superposed chambers, individual tubes of the sets being differently bent so as to form access openings from each chamber to the chambers above and below, the openings from chamber to chamber being 57~;~
offset so as -to require a yas flowing th:rouyh said chambers to traverse one chamber ~rom front to back and -the next chamber from back to :Eront, means .Eor in-troduclng li~id in-to one o:E the mani.:Eolds and for withdrawing the liqu.id from the other manifolcl, and means for introducing a hot gas into the lowermost of the superposed chambers, the hot gas risiny successively through the chambers which it successively and alternately traverses from front to back and then from back to front until it exits from the uppermost chamber through the gas out:Let in the top, liquid flowing through the manifolds ancl tubes being heated by the hot gas, at least one baffle within at least one of the chambers extending from top to bottom and from one of the sides toward but terminating shor-t of the other, whereby hot gas traversing that chamber from front to back is additionally forced to flow laterally to get around said baffle.
It is an object of the present invention to improve the efficiency of operation of such a boiler by simple structural modifications and by simple procedural demands.
These and other objects and advantages are realized in accordance with the present invention pursuant to which at least one upper and at least one lower manifold project from the inside of the housin~
to the outside. A downcomer outside the housing connects the top o~ the lower manifold and the lowest part of the upper manifold, thereby permitting the boiler to operate within a shallow level of water in the upper manifold, speeding up circulation of water and its heating, and permitting substantially dry steam to be discharged from the upper manifold.
- ~ , , -. ., ~
~2~5~ 3 ... ..
In accordance with another aspect o~ ~he invention the baf~le (or baffles) is angled within its chamber so that the hot gas hits it at an angle less than 90 so as to b~ defl~cted ~hereby in the direction of its advance, thereby avoiding hot ~pots.
j' :
In accordance with yet another aspect o the invention successive chambers of the boiler are reduced in volume from bottom to top to make up for the reduction in volume as the hot gas cools, thereby keeping the gas velocity high and maintaining turbulence which helps heat exchange.
Finally, to maintain efficient fuel u~ilization while fluctuating the reed of fuel, the operator can monitor the oxygen content of the exiting combustion gas and adjust the baffling to maintain it substantially consta~t.
.
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein:
Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a boiler in accordance with the invention;
Fig. 2 is a front ~iew of a modified boiler ; ~ without baffles and downcomer;
Fig. 3 is a side view of the boiler of Fig. 2 showing the connection of tubes and downcomer with the manifolds;
; Fig. 4 is a plan view of the preferred arrangement of ba~1es in a cha~ber of the boiler o~ Fig. l; and Fig. 5 is a perspective view of one baf~le of Fig. 4.
' ,~j~ v" ~
~s~
Referring now more particularly to th~ drawing~, in Fig. 1 there i5 shown a housing 10 having a top wall 12, a bottom wall 14, a left side wall 16, a right side wall 18, a fron~ wall 20 and a rear wall 22. A pair of lower manifolds 24 and upper manifolds 26 project through the ~ront and rear walls 20 and 22. Means are provided to introduce cold water into the lower manifolds at 28 and to remove steam from the upper manifolds at 30, outside the housing. The ends of the lower manifol~s 24 are sealed at 32 and the ends of the upper manifolds are sealed at 34.
A downcomer outside the housing, as 68 and 70 in Fig. 3, co~nects ~he lowest part of the upper manifold 26 with the top of the lower ma~i~old 24 so that water in the upper manifold can rapidly run down for reheating, speeding up the circulation. This also permits the upper mani~old to operate with a shallow level of water which also speeds up production o~ steam and which permits substantially dry steam ~o be discharged ~rom the upper mani~old 26.
A plurality o~ tubes 36, illustratively twenty-three, extend ~rom the left upper manifold 26 to the left lower manifold 24 and a similar number o~
tubes 38 extend from the ~ight upper manifold 26 to the:
right lower manifold 24. Except for the ~irst 36a and last 36c ew tubes in each set, for a rcason to be described later, the balance o the tubes 36b are all similarly bent as are the tubes 38.
Each tube has a vertical component and tubes 38a and 38b have two hori~ontal components, i.e. one run to the let side of the boiler, or actually to the tubes 36, and ~hen a return run. The bends in tubes 38 are not identical to those of tubes 36 but ra~her complementary so that together they form a series of vertically superposed chambers 40a, 40b, 40c, 40d and 40e, decreasinq in volume from bottom to top to make up 571~
for reduction in vo1ume ~, the hot gas cools, thereby keeping the gas velocit~ hicJh and maintaining turbulence which helps hea-t exchange.
Advantageously, the boiler has five, seven or nine chambers. Combustion gases in chamber 40a rise -through SUC}l space and enter chamber 40b traversing it horizontally from bac]c to front. The tube bends similarly cause the gases to traverse successive chambers until they reach -the topmost chamber 40e where they exit -through an opening in the top 12.
For improved heat exchange, in addition to the tortuous gas flow so far defined, a more complex flow is possible. Thus rectangular baffles 46 having the shape shown in Fig. 5 may be provided, extending from adjacent one side wall toward but short of the other. They are just high enough to span a chamber being held in position by their fit between the troughs formed by adjacent tubes. They are inserted by simple sliding and may be removed, or slid more or less into their chambers, ei-ther manually or automatically (not shown), as desired.
If more than one baffle 46 is presen-t ln a given chamber they must alternately extend from opposite sides. Thus while the combustion gas is moving from rear to front in chamber 40b the gas stream must move from side to side to get around the baffles.
As shown in Figs~ 4 and 5 the baffles have front and rear elements wh:ich are high and low enough to lodge in the nips between adjacent tubes. In between there is a lower section which is just high enough to clear the minimum vertical space of the chamber. This section is arranged at an angle less than 90C, e.g. about 45 so the gas will be deflected ~ S~7~3 off it in a direction which will help advance the gas, thereby avoiding hot spots.
In the embodiment o~ Fig. 2 there is a single lower manifold 50 in place of the dual lower mani~olds 28 of Fig. 1. Similarly there is a single upper manifold 52. The tubes connect with these manifolds 50 and 52 at, 72 and 74, respectively (Fig. 3).
In Figs. 1, 2 and 3 it can be seen that the connections between the, tubes and upper manifo}d are not in a straight line but rather are staggered.
However, all the tubes join the upper mani~old at or below the upper manifold's horizontal center line and each tube in going from lower to upper manifold has lengths which rise or are horizontal but has no lengths which go downwardly`, thereby avoiding entrapment of 'gas.
The ba~fles can serve a further purpose, viz.
maintaining e~ficient utilization o~ ~uel notwithstanding fluctuating ~uel ~eed rates as a consequence o~ ctuation in steam demand.
Specifically, one monitors the oxygen content of the hot gas exiting the boiler which otherwise will change as ~eed and demand vary, EIowever, the position of the baffle or ~a~les is adjusted to maintain this oxygen content cubstantially constant, e.g. as demand goes down the oxygen content will go up, so the ba~fle positions will be adjusted to give more baf~ling and thereby restore the oxygen level to the predetemined value.
Xt will be understood tha the speci~ication and examples are illustra~ive but no~ limitative o~ the present invention and that other embodiments within the spirit and scope of the invention will ~uggest themselves to those skilled in ~he art.
. .
Claims (12)
PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. In a boiler comprising a housing having a top provided with a gas outlet, bottom, left and right sides and a front and back, the housing containing an upper manifold and a lower manifold substantially parallel to the top, bottom and side walls, two sets of tubes, each set comprising a plurality of tubes, one set joining the upper manifold to the lower manifold on the left and the other set joining the upper manifold to the lower manifold on the right, the tubes of each set rising from the lower manifold upwardly along their respective side wall, crossing the housing to the opposite side wall, rising adjacent the opposite side wall, re-crossing the housing to their respective side wall, rising therealong and eventually joining the upper manifold, the horizontal runs of the tubes of one set being vertically offset relative to the horizontal runs of the tubes of the other set so as to form a plurality of superposed chambers, individual tubes of the sets being differently bent so as to form access openings from each chamber to the chambers above and below, the openings from chamber to chamber being offset so as to require a gas flowing through said chambers to traverse one chamber from front to back and the next chamber from back to front, means for introducing liquid into one of the manifolds and for withdrawing the liquid from the other manifold, and means for introducing a hot gas into the lowermost of the superposed chambers, the hot gas rising successively through the chambers which it successively and alternately traverses from front to back and then from back to front until it exits from the uppermost chamber through the gas outlet in the top, liquid flowing through the manifolds and tubes being heated by the hot gas, at least one baffle within. at least one of the chambers extending from top to bottom and from one of the sides toward but terminating short of the other, whereby hot gas traversing that chamber from front to back is additionally forced to flow laterally to get around said baffle, the improvement which comprises having at least one upper and at least one lower manifold project from the inside of the housing to the outside, and a downcomer outside the housing connecting the top of the lower manifold and the lowest part of the upper manifold, thereby permitting the boiler to operate with a shallow level of water in the upper manifold, speeding up circulation of water and its heating, and permitting substantially dry steam to be discharged from the upper manifold.
2. A boiler according to claim 1, wherein all the tubes join the upper manifold at or below the upper manifold's horizontal center line.
3. A boiler according to claim 2, wherein each tube in going from lower to upper manifold has lengths which rise or are horizontal but has no lengths which go downwardly, thereby avoiding entrapment of gas.
4. A boiler according to claim 1, wherein the boiler has five, seven or nine chambers.
5. A boiler according to claim 1, wherein the baffle is angled within its chamber so that the hot gas hits it at an angle less than 90° so as to be deflected thereby in the direction of its advance, thereby avoiding hot spots.
6. A boiler according to claim 1, wherein successive chambers from bottom to top are reduced in volume to make up for the reduction in volume as the hot gas cools, thereby keeping the gas velocity high and maintaining turbulence which helps heat exchange.
7. A boiler according to claim 6, including a plurality of baffles in a plurality of chambers, the baffles being angled within their chambers so that the hot gas hits them at an angle less than 90° so as to be deflected thereby in the direction of its advance, thereby avoiding hot spots.
8. In a boiler comprising a housing having a top provided with a gas outlet, bottom, left and right sides and a front and back, the housing containing an upper manifold and a lower manifold substantially parallel to the top, bottom and side walls, two sets of tubes, each set comprising a plurality of tubes, one set joining the upper manifold to the lower manifold on the left and the other set joining the upper manifold to the lower manifold on the right, the tubes of each set rising from the lower manifold upwardly along their respective side wall, crossing the housing to the opposite side wall, rising adjacent the opposite side wall, re-crossing the housing to their respective side wall, rising therealong and eventually joining the upper manifold, the horizontal runs of the tubes of one set being vertically offset relative to the horizontal runs of the tubes of the other set so as to form a plurality of superposed chambers, individual tubes of the sets being differently bent so as to form access openings from each chamber to the chambers above and below, the openings from chamber to chamber being offset so as to require a gas flowing through said chambers to traverse one chamber from front to back and the next chamber from back to front, means for introducing liquid into one of the manifolds and for withdrawing the liquid from the other manifold, and means for introducing a hot gas into the lowermost of the superposed chambers, the hot has rising successively through the chambers which it successively and alternately traverses from front to back and then from back to front until it exits from tile uppermost chamber through the gas outlet in the top, liquid flowing through the manifolds and tubes being heated by the hot gas, at least one baffle within at least one of the chambers extending from top to bottom and from one of the sides toward but terminating short of the other, whereby hot gas traversing that chamber from front to back is additionally forced to flow laterally to get around said baffle, the improvement which comprises angling the baffle within its chamber so that the hot gas hits it at an angle less than 90° so as to be deflected thereby in the direction of its advance, thereby avoiding hot spots.
9. A boiler according to claim 7, wherein successive chambers from bottom to top are reduced in volume to make up for the reduction in volume as the hot gas cools, thereby keeping the gas velocity high and maintaining turbulence which helps heat exchange.
10. A boiler according to claim 9, including a plurality of baffles in a plurality of chambers, the baffles being angled within their chambers so that the hot gas hits them at an angle less than 90° so as to be deflected thereby in the direction of its advance, thereby avoiding hot spots.
11. In a boiler comprising a housing having a top provided with a gas outlet, bottom, left and right sides and a front and back, the housing containing an upper-manifold and a lower manifold substantially parallel to the top, bottom and side walls, two sets of tubes, each set comprising a plurality of tubes, one set joining the upper manifold to the lower manifold on the left and the other set joining the upper manifold to the lower manifold on the right, the tubes of each set rising from the lower manifold upwardly along their respective side wall, crossing the housing to the opposite side wall, rising adjacent the opposite side wall, re-crossing the housing to their respective side wall, rising therealong and eventually joining the upper manifold, the horizontal runs of the tubes of one set being vertically offset relative to the horizontal runs of the tubes of the other set so as to form a plurality of superposed chambers, individual tubes of the sets being differently bent so as to form access openings from each chamber to the chambers above and below, the openings from chamber to chamber being offset so as to require a gas flowing through said chambers to traverse one chamber from front to back and the next chamber from back to front, means for introducing liquid into one of the manifolds and for withdrawing the liquid from the other manifold, and means for introducing a hot gas into the lowermost of the superposed chambers, the hot gas rising successively through the chambers which it successively and alternately traverses from front to back and then from back to front until it exits from the uppermost chamber through the gas outlet in the top, liquid flowing through the manifolds and tubes being heated by the hot gas, at least one baffle within at least one of the chambers extending from top to bottom and from one of the sides toward but terminating short of the other, whereby hot gas traversing that chamber from front to back is additionally forced to flow laterally to get around said baffle, the improvement wherein successive chambers from bottom to top are reduced in volume to make up for the reduction in volume as the hot gas cools, thereby keeping the gas velocity high and maintaining turbulence which helps heat exchange.
12. A process for maintaining efficient utilization of fuel while fluctuating the feed of fuel to a burner supplying hot combustion gas to the lowermost chamber of a boiler comprising a housing having a top provided with a gas outlet, bottom, left and right sides and a front and hack, the housing containing an upper manifold and a lower manifold substantially parallel to the top, bottom and side walls two sets of tubes, each set comprising a plurality of tubes, one set joining the upper manifold to the lower manifold on the left and the other set joining the upper manifold to the lower manifold on the right, the tubes of each set rising from the lower manifold upwardly along their respective side wall, crossing the housing to the opposite side wall, rising adjacent the opposite side wall, re-crossing the housing to their respective side wall, rising therealong and eventually joining the upper manifold, the horizontal runs of the tubes of one set being vertically offset relative to the horizontal runs of the tubes of the other set so as to form a plurality of superposed chambers, individual tubes of the sets being differently bent so as to form access openings from each chamber to the chambers above and below, the openings from chamber to chamber being offset so as to require a gas flowing through said chambers to traverse one chamber from front to back and the next chamber from back to front, means for introducing liquid into one of the manifolds and for withdrawing the liquid from the other manifolds and means for introducing a hot gas into the lowermost of the superposed chambers, the hot gas rising successively through the chambers which it successively and alternately traverses from front to back and then from back to front until it exits from the uppermost chamber through the gas outlet in the top, liquid flowing through the manifolds and tubes being heated by the hot gas, at least one baffle within at least one of the chambers extending from top to bottom and from one of the sides toward but terminating short of the other, whereby hot gas traversing that chamber from front to hack is additionally forced to flow laterally to get around said baffle, comprising monitoring the oxygen content of the hot gas exiting the boiler, and adjusting the position of the baffle substantially to restore the oxygen content to a predetermined value.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US62895084A | 1984-07-10 | 1984-07-10 | |
| US628,950 | 1984-07-10 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1265713A true CA1265713A (en) | 1990-02-13 |
Family
ID=24520978
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000465893A Expired - Fee Related CA1265713A (en) | 1984-07-10 | 1984-10-19 | Water tube boiler |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS6127403A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1265713A (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2533098Y2 (en) * | 1991-08-31 | 1997-04-16 | モレックス インコーポレーテッド | Push-fit connector |
-
1984
- 1984-10-19 CA CA000465893A patent/CA1265713A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1985
- 1985-03-13 JP JP4848685A patent/JPS6127403A/en active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS6127403A (en) | 1986-02-06 |
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