Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04Q—SELECTING
  • H04Q1/00—Details of selecting apparatus or arrangements
  • H04Q1/18—Electrical details
  • H04Q1/20—Testing circuits or apparatus; Circuits or apparatus for detecting, indicating, or signalling faults or troubles
  • H04Q1/22—Automatic arrangements
  • H04Q1/26—Automatic arrangements for signalling trouble in unoccupied sub-exchanges
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
  • H04M3/00—Automatic or semi-automatic exchanges
  • H04M3/22—Arrangements for supervision, monitoring or testing

Definitions

• the present invention relates to an automatic control system for transmission networks in a remote diagnosis and remote maintenance set:.
• E.T.T.D. Terminal equipment for data transmission at a bit rate less than or equal to 19.2 k bits / s.
• E.T.C.D. Terminal equipment for data circuits at a bit rate less than or equal to 19.2 k bits / s. electronic telephone exchanges. specialized transmission links.
• This automaton is the element which captures incidents on a remote site that we want to supervise and which transmits them to a maintenance center. It performs cyclic tests and compares the results.
• the control automaton makes it possible to centralize information on the state of the transmissions and the equipment connected to it.
• All the elements likely to help with the maintenance and repair of the equipment (or) of the circuits of transmission are transmitted to a remote maintenance center.
• the purpose of this center is to record incidents, to process them so as to provide statistical data, but also to provide maintenance technicians with the elements necessary for rapid and precise intervention. This increased efficiency will lead to an improvement in the quality of the services provided by the data processing and / or telephone installations. It will follow comfort in operation and profitability of maintenance operations.
• a - Current telephone maintenance It is carried out piecemeal on the equipment when one or more users of the same exchange perceive a deterioration or an interruption in traffic. This perception can take place, and this is often the case, when an entire beam is disturbed.
• the maintenance personnel are not always the right ones and when the right operator is selected at the right time, the equipment diagnosis poses other problems (availability of control equipment, change of circuits, modification of subscription classes ... )
• the telephone exchanges of the current generation have automata that help with maintenance (Automatic line test robot - RELA).
• RELA are only planned on large capacity exchanges (several thousand subscribers). They require a human presence, yet this skill can be used by several medium and low capacity exchanges. This is the main purpose of this patent.
• the interruption is a phenomenon quickly diagnosed while the degradation of the service is less so because its consequences remain diffuse and modify the operating yield.
• the PLC in these functions will control the distortions of the test signal between two rests on the circuit. Degradation is therefore known instantly and reported to managers PREAMBLE
• the automaton object of this patent, is one of the tools which will allow a team to carry out from a main remote maintenance center: - Diagnosis of breakdowns,
• the aim of remote maintenance is to reduce the costs of breakdown and maintenance operations for a communication network, while improving the quality of the services offered. It is based on:
• the remote maintenance network includes 1 set of hardware and software, which make it possible to remotely diagnose faults in a primary network, of the telephone or data or mixed transmission type.
• Remote maintenance is based on the dynamic analysis of the state of a communication, as well as on the knowledge of the environment surrounding the equipment of the primary network. In essence, information that deals with the state of the primary network will not use the same transport circuits as this, at the risk of losing both the use of the primary network and knowledge of the failure. .
• the media used will be either: - The general telephone network of the Postal Administration and
• a leased transmission network consisting of independent circuits or by secondary transmission channels.
• the elements that go into making up the remote maintenance network are state transmitters, installed near the bodies to be controlled, communication circuits and an information management center.
• the organs to be checked can be very diverse in nature: PABX 8, Data Transmission Terminals 53, Modems 33 Hubs 13, Controllers or Multiplexers 35.
• the main remote maintenance center consists of:
• central unit 56 managing communications with remote sites equipped with remote diagnostic means
• One of the special features of the remote maintenance system is that it has a synoptic table 48 which can be transferred to the premises of a customer.
• This table receives, from supervised sites, the states "Major Alarm or Minor Alarm" and the indication that these states have or have not been recorded at the main remote maintenance center.
• the time-stamped event is recorded on paper, then stored on disk in an ui format allowing statistical processing to be carried out cyclically.
• Remote sites are equipped with a standalone whose functions are:
• - Orient incoming communication to a line adapter, connected to the system to be monitored.
• the central remote maintenance site can then, from a distance, converse with the remote maintenance unit.
• - Adapt to different scenarios specific to data processing, or telephone exchanges.
• the PLC is transparent to the transmission procedure and to the codes. Depending on time slots, it assigns a telephone link to the supervisory body alone, or to the data transmission terminal. This access to teleinformatics is limited by the use of the national switched network.
• the transmission mode is asynchronous at 1200 Bauds in half-duplex.
• the transfer loss is zero between input and output. This standardized access allows, from a maintenance site, to send a test transaction to a data processing terminal or to a transmission chain. This transaction will receive a response in case the assembly is correct.
• the TE 1 receives one or two interfaces which allow the simultaneous analysis of 8 to 16 V 24 junctions.
• the signals are captured in parallel on the high-impedance operation so as not to create disturbance or interruption of the operation in supervision system malfunction.
• Annex 1 gives the supervised communication scenario.
• the controller can analyze five different scenarios.
• the RS 232 ports will allow the signals from the terminal junctions to be analyzed:
• the terminal environment is supervised by entering the signals available on the machines or created nearby by additional bodies (Temperature - Energy - Fire - Access ). Voltage levels are those compatible with T.T.L. There are 72 of them for the basic version. An extension card can be adapted to this version if 72 additional states are to be processed. The T.T.L. can be transformed by optoelectric interfaces which limit to 72 the number of supervisions.
• the maintenance center can assign a dynamic count of minor incidents that occur on a data processing link. Thus, for example, the supervision of the wire 109 shows the micro-cuts of the lines. This incident is generally minor and therefore transmitted during interrogation by the maintenance center. However, a large number of interruptions introduces a degradation of communications.
• the allocation of the event counter will allow the measurement of the error rate as follows:
• the TE 1 PLC allows, in telephony, to deport the alarms produced locally by the telephone installation.
• the telephone exchange of recent generations has an interface which allows a man-machine dialogue. This dialog is deported to the maintenance center so that remotely, the tables of anomalies will be consulted and the programs modified on request.
• the TE 1 automaton outside these applications performs a cyclic reading of the PABX tables and in the event of a serious event that the operator of the maintenance center will define, it triggers the numbering and the transmission of the incident. For minor incidents, the automaton records them and announces them either periodically according to a programmed cycle or at the time of an interrogation of the maintenance site.
• Characteristic frequencies must be generated cyclically at the address of a receiving end in order to know the amplitude variations provided by the line.
• test of this circuit will be made in operation for a very short time which should not cause discomfort for the user.
• An elementary test time is approximately 150 ms with a recurrence of a quarter of an hour or half an hour.
• the frequencies transmitted are included in the voice band.
• the frequency combinations have a one-to-one relationship with a binary code stored in reprogrammable memory.
• the level of the circuits to be measured is from -40 to 0 db in data processing.
• the accuracy of the measurement is given by the number of steps "p" emitted db ⁇ 6 db or by the analysis on reception of a finer part of the dynamics, ie for example db ⁇ 0.8 db which will allow a conversely, a very small variation around a known level.
• a code is transmitted online at a given level which is specific to it.
• the receiving end has an automaton whose role is to check the values received on a set of lines, that is to say that each must find a frame consisting of a series of codes.
• Nr limit that the user wants to know This measurement will be done on ten lines simultaneously.
• the TE 1 in surveillance and access control (Fig. 4)
• the TE 1 PLC does not have the essential vocation of transmitting alarms although its constitution allows to solve the problems of 13 remote alarm.
• the machine has interfaces that allow you to read badges or perforated encoded cards. These codes are read by parallel readers which supply the code pulses and the signal for loading data into the management card.
• a badge reading interface may require ten points from the management card. It will therefore be planned to connect both badges to a TE 1 and to provide, after the code validity test, access validation information in a building or in a room.
• the list of numbers accredited for access to the building or to the premises is known only from the central site.
• This assembly can receive an image-by-image transmission system connected through access V 24 of the TE 1 automaton and in this case, the center operator has a receiver that will allow reception of the image Applicant's video.
• this receiver can be allocated to several applications.
• the TE 1 state transmission automaton is in the form of a box of 2 units high (10 cm approx.) And 19 inches. The depth is 40 cm.
• the electronic equipment, installed in this box, can be put in a telecommunication bay of the same standard 19 inches. These equipments include:
• V 24 interfaces - a card has 8 ports
• TTL Interfaces one card has 72 accesses. Telemetry interface
• This equipment can be optionally fitted with optoelectric interfaces added to the basic version, to provide 32 access points electrically isolated from use.
• the standard TE 1 equipment which equips a station aims to:
• the TE 1 link to Remote Maintenance Center on switched network When a situation change is made on the PLC accesses, the microprocessor takes it into account. When this event occurs on an access reserved for "Major Alarms", the PLC causes the line to be taken and manages the establishment of communication. It causes the emission of a telephone number registered in PROM: this number corresponds to the remote maintenance center. When the center responds, the line adapter detects it, signals it to the microprocessor and communication is established. When the telephone exchange returns the occupation or the remote maintenance center is occupied, the microprocessor makes other attempts, then changes the number to alert a different center. He then indicates the causes of his call and indicates that the previous number was not contacted. The messages exchanged are short and if, however, an exchange should exceed the time of 1.5 seconds, the link would be broken by the remote maintenance center.
• the remote maintenance center If the transmission was correct, the remote maintenance center notifies the PLC and breaks the link. Otherwise, he asks repeating the message.
• a - The calling TE 1 (use of the switched network)
• the TE 1 arms a T ⁇ at 120 s. This will be disarmed by the remote maintenance center at the end of the shift. It prohibits any line occupation greater than 120 s. (time estimated sufficient to carry out the exchanges in good conditions). In fact, if the T ⁇ has not been disarmed and is expiring, this means that the vacation went wrong (communication impossible to establish: transmission disturbed by errors involving too many repetitions, etc.) .
• CEA is set to 5 in the initialization program. It will be decremented by 1 each time the remote site initiates a call on the switched network; it will be reset to 5 each time the remote site receives an ACK message. After dialing, the detection of a 420 Hz outage for more than 10 s results in the line being released. Indeed, such a cut signals the occupation of the requested number. After these attempts if the number of the remote maintenance center is not still not obtained, TE 1 makes an attempt on a second number. This number could correspond to the customer's computer center or to that of the remote maintenance manager. APPENDIX 3 - Test counter.
• the TE 1 called (use of the switched network)
• the reception of a call coming from the general switched network creates an interruption of the program in progress and causes the telephone line to be taken. If no data arrives within an adjustable period (on average 3 seconds), the line is released.
• the remote site never sends a message by itself: it only responds with a RESPONSE message to a REQUEST message sent by the remote maintenance center. - The remote site only sends the response message when it has received a fully correct REQUEST.
• the remote site does not have to interpret the order of succession of REQUESTS. Each REQUEST elicits a specific response.
• the remote site hangs up, if it has not received a new correct REQUEST from the remote maintenance center within 5 seconds (in RC only).
• the transmission between the central station and the TE 1s will be carried out at 1200 bauds, according to the following code:
• NSTAT It is the number of the station when it is known to the remote maintenance center (case of LS and requests other than the first addressed by the remote maintenance center connected to TE 1 by the switched network), or it is an unmarked number recognized by any TE 1 connected by RC, during the first REQUEST sent (indeed, the center does not know the number of the site that calls it). Supplement to 1 of NSTAT. CDE Order value; we will find the following commands:
• the remote maintenance center asks the remote site if it has a message (used mainly for polling TE 1 on a dedicated line).
• NSTAT station number T complement to 1 of NSTAT REP: see above: complement to 1 of REP
• LRC odd longitudinal parity character calculated over the entire message, from NSTAT included to the last character of text included.
• C ⁇ is equal to the number of text characters in the case of a STATUS response
• Last 5 bits number of states transmitted.
• TE 1 stores in memory the two bytes CDEi and CDEi
• TE 1 erases in memory the two bytes CDEi and CDEi
• TE 1 reads information from the states CDEi possible: we will find:
• This equipment consists of:
• Figure 5 gives us a presentation view of the whole.
• THE MICROPROCESSOR AND MODEM CARD GENERAL It aims to provide links between TE 1 and:
• the management body establishes the relationship between the information taken from the V 24 junction of a terminal and wired to a terminal block and the "micro and modem" card. She permits :
• the management body establishes the relationship between the information taken from terminals or the triggering of alarms (intrusions, temperatures, pressure, energy, etc.) and wired to a terminal block and the "micro and modem" card. She permits :
• the line interface card operates as follows (see diagram on page next).
• this call is timed by a circuit which switches the line relay on the input transformer. If after the time delay of 10 + 20 s (adjustable) no data arrives, the line relay drops out awaiting a new call.
• the DS signal is in automatic maintenance of the line relay, which authorizes the fallout of the call signal.
• the DS light is on on the front of the unit as well as the IA light. The signal received from the correspondent is routed through the duplexer and the reception filters.
• filters are of two kinds. One or two amplifier and filter stages are switched to obtain a constant 0 dB level on the second filter. Out of the filters, a zero detector stage provides a perfectly cyclic signal. The signal is then amplified to obtain the steep edges necessary for the demodulation circuit.
• the filter circuits are of the active type. On reception after switching of the received frequency group, two filters, each with a gain of 25 dB, are switched in cascade in order to tolerate reception at low level (-50dB) or high level (0 to -25 dB).
• the computer outputs of the junction patching system are connected to a monitoring system which analyzes the changes in polarity of certain wires (108, 106, 103, 104, respectively Data terminal equipment ready - Ready to send - Signal detector received on the data channel - Data reception) and deduces 4 operating states of the common core:
• State 1 the line has been initialized but no terminal has yet responded
• State 2 the line has been initialized and at least one terminal has already responded; on the other hand, polling does not take place correctly. This case corresponds to an incident on the link during operation.
• State 3 the line has been initialized; polling is effective on the line which is in normal operation. States 1, 2, 3 are displayed on the monitoring system by LEDs of different colors (1: orange - 2: red - 3: green).
• State 0 is displayed by the fact that all the lamps are off
• a junction is analyzed by a track card of the surveillance system which has the three indicators mentioned above, these indicators memorizing the appearance of states 1, 2, 3.
• a group card centralizes the information provided by 16 channel cards, in two possible operating modes, selected by a switch on the group card.
• Mode 1 States 2 and 3 are displayed in real time, as they appear.
• Mode 2 State 2 is maintained from the moment it appeared. This mode makes it possible to "trap" fugitive faults.
• Each channel card has the possibility of not transmitting the mode information to the group card.
• TE 1 analyzes the following V 24 junction wires: - 103 Data transmission
• wires 104, 106, 109, 108/2 make it possible to define the conditions necessary for the elaboration of the states described below. These are memorized when they appear until the next reset which acts on all conditions.
• timers 0, 4, 96, 112, 120, 124, 126 seconds on circuits 109.
• the line telemetry signal receiver will decode the sequence and compare it to a table of expected codes.
• the first missing code combination will identify the line loss level.
• the measurement values are managed by an external body which will read in series all the values received and sampled in parallel. To do this, the measurement values will be stored in memory with an additional bit which will indicate whether the received word corresponds to a data or not.
• the read order will have a period of a few milliseconds and will be a 20 us pulse.
• the data shift clock will be 20 us.
• Tests 1 and 2 are spaced 15 to 30 minutes apart, or 336 addresses to 000 ... explored in 15 or 30 minutes.
• FIGURE 1 Remote Diagnosis and Remote Maintenance Service
• FIGURE 2 Remote maintenance center
• FIGURE 4 Building access control
• FIGURE 5 TE 1 assembly
• FIGURE 6 Line interface
• FIGURE 7 Spectrum online

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
• Signal Processing (AREA)
• Monitoring And Testing Of Exchanges (AREA)
• Selective Calling Equipment (AREA)
• Telephonic Communication Services (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

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• 1983
  • 1983-12-09 FR FR8319720A patent/FR2556533B1/fr not_active Expired
• 1984
  • 1984-11-20 WO PCT/FR1984/000267 patent/WO1985002739A1/fr not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1984-11-20 JP JP50432184A patent/JPS61500643A/ja active Pending
  • 1984-11-20 EP EP19840904140 patent/EP0166738A1/de active Pending
  • 1984-11-20 AU AU36702/84A patent/AU3670284A/en not_active Abandoned

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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