Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D7/00—Compositions of detergents based essentially on non-surface-active compounds
  • C11D7/22—Organic compounds
  • C11D7/26—Organic compounds containing oxygen
  • C11D7/261—Alcohols; Phenols
  • C11D7/262—Alcohols; Phenols fatty or with at least 8 carbon atoms in the alkyl or alkenyl chain
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D17/00—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties
  • C11D17/0008—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties aqueous liquid non soap compositions
  • C11D17/0017—Multi-phase liquid compositions
  • C11D17/0021—Aqueous microemulsions
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/43—Solvents
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D7/00—Compositions of detergents based essentially on non-surface-active compounds
  • C11D7/22—Organic compounds
  • C11D7/26—Organic compounds containing oxygen
  • C11D7/261—Alcohols; Phenols
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D7/00—Compositions of detergents based essentially on non-surface-active compounds
  • C11D7/50—Solvents
  • C11D7/5004—Organic solvents
  • C11D7/5022—Organic solvents containing oxygen
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
  • C23G—CLEANING OR DE-GREASING OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY CHEMICAL METHODS OTHER THAN ELECTROLYSIS
  • C23G5/00—Cleaning or de-greasing metallic material by other methods; Apparatus for cleaning or de-greasing metallic material with organic solvents
  • C23G5/02—Cleaning or de-greasing metallic material by other methods; Apparatus for cleaning or de-greasing metallic material with organic solvents using organic solvents
  • C23G5/024—Cleaning or de-greasing metallic material by other methods; Apparatus for cleaning or de-greasing metallic material with organic solvents using organic solvents containing hydrocarbons
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
  • C23G—CLEANING OR DE-GREASING OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY CHEMICAL METHODS OTHER THAN ELECTROLYSIS
  • C23G5/00—Cleaning or de-greasing metallic material by other methods; Apparatus for cleaning or de-greasing metallic material with organic solvents
  • C23G5/06—Cleaning or de-greasing metallic material by other methods; Apparatus for cleaning or de-greasing metallic material with organic solvents using emulsions
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D7/00—Compositions of detergents based essentially on non-surface-active compounds
  • C11D7/22—Organic compounds
  • C11D7/24—Hydrocarbons
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D7/00—Compositions of detergents based essentially on non-surface-active compounds
  • C11D7/22—Organic compounds
  • C11D7/26—Organic compounds containing oxygen
  • C11D7/263—Ethers
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D7/00—Compositions of detergents based essentially on non-surface-active compounds
  • C11D7/22—Organic compounds
  • C11D7/26—Organic compounds containing oxygen
  • C11D7/266—Esters or carbonates

Definitions

• the present invention relates to the use of certain alkyl-aromatic or olefinic solvents to improve the cleaning performance of laundry detergents, hard-surface cleaners, and the like.
• Mixed solvent systems comprising the aforesaid alkyl-aromatics or olefinic solvents and a more polar solvent are also described.
• the solvents herein are particularly suitable for use in laundry detergents. Besides their excellent cleaning properties, the solvents of this invention have the important advantage that they have a low, pleasant odor, which allows greater latitude in perfuming formulations containing such solvents.
• Citrus juices which contain relatively low amounts of terpenes , have been suggested for use in hand soaps and dishwashing liquids.
• Terpineols e.g. from pine oil
• pine oil terpineol such as alpha terpineol and fatty acid soap or free acid neutralized in situ to alkaline pH.
• the present invention encompasses the detergency use of certain alkyl-aromatic and olefinic solvents, as well as admixtures of such solvents with preferred polar co-solvents.
• the solvents herein are particularly useful in laundry detergents, both in a fabric pre-treatment mode and through-the-wash, and provide excellent removal of greasy soils and stains, as well as excellent fabric whiteness maintenance.
• Liquid laundry detergents in the form of microemulsions are a preferred embodiment of this invention.
• the present invention encompasses detergent compositions comprising conventional detersive ingredients, characterized in that they contain at least 0.1 % of a primary cleaning solvent which is selected from alkyl-aromatic solvents wherein the alkyl group is in the range of C 6 to Cg,or olefins having a boiling point of about 100°C, and above.
• a primary cleaning solvent which is selected from alkyl-aromatic solvents wherein the alkyl group is in the range of C 6 to Cg,or olefins having a boiling point of about 100°C, and above.
• the invention also encompasses solvent mixtures that have particularly good cleaning properties, and which are especially suitable for use in detergent compositions of the foregoing type.
• solvent mixtures are characterized in that they comprise a mixture of the aforesaid alkyl-aromatic hydrocarbon or an olefin primary cleaning solvent, together with a polar co-solvent, especially polar liquids selected from phthalic acid esters, benzyl alcohol, n-hexanol and the so-called “carbitol”-type solvents, (2-(2-alkoxyethoxy)ethanol) especially "Butyl Carbitol” (Trade Mark) and the "Cellosolves”.
• compositions herein comprise 1 % to 30 % (preferably 3 % to 20 %, most preferably 5 % to 15 %) of the primary cleaning solvent or primary cleaning solvent/co-solvent mixture, and highly preferred compositions comprise n-octyl benzene or 1-decene or 1-dodecene as the primary cleaning solvent.
• such compositions also contain a co-solvent selected from diethyl phthalate, benzyl alcohol, or Butyl Carbitol.
• compositions containing the aforesaid solvents and mixtures and methods of cleaning surfaces, and particularly fabrics, using such compositions also form a part of this invention.
• PCS Primary Cleaning Solvent - This term is abbreviated hereinafter as PCS.
• the PCS materials used herein are of two types : alkyl-aromatic and olefinic.
• alkyl-aromatic hydrocarbons having relatively short-chain alkyl groups are known for use in degreasing solvent mixtures, and such short-chain solvents are not contemplated for use herein.
• short-alkyl benzenes e.g., toluene
• long-chain alkyl benzenes alkyl C 10 , and above
• the C 6 -C 9 alkyl benzenes (especially octyl benzene) provide excellent performance, no problems with soil redeposition in laundry baths, and have a low, pleasant odor pronounced of almond extract. Accordingly, such materials are preferred for use as PCS materials in the practice of this invention.
• Olefins are the second type of P CS materials that can be used in the practice of this invention.
• olefins used herein are selected from liquids having a boiling point at least about 100° C.
• such olefins comprise at least 8 carbon atoms, although chain hrachin g can affect the boiling point, in well known fashion.
• the alpha-olefins are especially preferred herein, with 1-decene being the most preferred PCS material. However, 1-dodecene may be preferred over 1-decene for some detergent uses due to its excellent odor properties.
• Co-Solvent It is to be understood that the detergent compositions of this invention function well when only a PCS material is used therein. However, the PCS materials are essentially non-polar solvents. As such, they are especially suitable for cleansing non-polar soils and stains. It is particularly advantageous to blend the PCS materials with polar co-solvents to provide a broader spectrum of soil removal.
• co-solvents such as benzyl alcohol, the C 4 -C 12 alcohols, the "carbitols" (i.e., ethoxyethanols), and the diesters of phthalic acid.
• Preferred co-solvents herein are benzyl alcohol, "Butyl Carbitol” (i.e., 2-(2-Butoxyethoxy)ethanol) ; and dimethyl-, diethyl-, dipropyl-, or dibutyl-phthalate, especially diethylphthalate. Dioctyl- and diisononyl-phthalates may also be used.
• the PCS/co-solvent mixtures herein generally comprise a ratio PCS:co-solvent of 10:1 to 1:10, preferably 5:1 to 1:5. In liquid laundry detergents, there is preferably more PCS than co-solvent, usually in a ratio of about 5:1 to 5:4.
• the PCS materials, or mixtures of PCS/Co-solvents can be added to aqueous laundry liquors, hard-surface cleaning baths, daubed directly onto spots or stains, or otherwise used "neat", to achieve excellent stain and spot removal benefits.
• the solvents herein are used as fully-formulated compositions comprising typical detersive ingredients such as detersive surfactants, detergency builders, bleaches, bleach activators, enzymes, suds regulants, and the like, all well-known to the detergent art.
• the solvents herein can be used in combination with relatively high (15 % - 25 %, and higher depending on solvent) levels of fatty acid/soap, which provide an important detergency builder function.
• compositions of this invention will typically contain organic surface-active agents ("surfactants") to provide the usual cleaning benefits associated with the use of such materials.
• surfactants organic surface-active agents
• Detersive surfactants useful herein include well-known synthetic anionic, nonionic, amphoteric and zwitterionic surfactants. Typical of these are the alkyl benzene sulfonates, alkyl- and alkylether sulfates, paraffin sulfonates, olefin sulfonates, alkoxylated (especially ethoxylated) alcohols and alkyl phenols, amine oxides, ⁇ -sulfonates of fatty acids and of fatty acid esters, and the like, which are well-known from the detergency art.
• such detersive surfactants contain an alkyl group in the C9-C18 range; the anionic detersive surfactants can be used in the form of their sodium, potassium or triethanolammonium salts but it is to be understood that the presence of magnesium cations in the compositions usually means that at least some portion of the anionic surfactant will be in the magnesium salt form; the nonionics generally contain from about 5 to about 17 ethylene oxide groups.
• U.S. Patents 4 111 855 and 3 995 669 contain detailed listings of such typical detersive surfactants.
• C 11 -C 16 alkyl benzene sulfonates, C 12 -C 18 paraffin-sulfonates and alkyl sulfates, and the ethoxylated alcohols and alkyl phenols are especially preferred in the compositions of the present type.
• the surfactant component can comprise as little as 1% of the compositions herein, but preferably the compositions will contain 1% to 40%, preferably 10% to 4 0%, of surfactant. Mixtures of the ethoxylated nonionics with anionics such as the alkyl benzene sulfonates, alkyl sulfates and paraffin sulfonates are preferred for through-the-wash cleansing of a broad spectrum of soils and stains from fabrics. Such surfactants and mixes typically have HLB's of 20 and above.
• Carriers - The solvents of this invention are preferably used in liquid compositions. However, they may be formulated as granules by the expedient of spraying them onto inert solid carriers such as attapulgite, sodium sulfate, or the like. Alternatively, the solvents can be sprayed onto spray-dried detergent granules which comprise 5 % - 60 % conventional, solid, cleaning ingredients such as sodium perborate, sodium ortho- or pyro-phosphate, sodium tripolyphosphate, zeolite (especially 1-10 micron hydrated Zeolite A) or smectite clay fabric softeners. In still another mode, the solvents can be microencapsulated in rupturable or water-soluble capsules and admixed with granular detergents.
• Pclyamines - Polyamine materials are optional ingredients in the present compositions by virtue of their ability to cc-act with the solvent to remove the solid material that is present in many greasy stains (e.g., carbon black in motor cil stain; clay and color bodies in cosmetic stain). It is tc be understood that the term "polyamines" as used herein represents generically the alkoxylated polyamines, both in their amine form and in their quaternarized form.
• Such materials can conveniently be represented as molecules of the empirical structures with repeating units: Amine form and Quaternarized form wherein R is a hydrocarbyl group, usually of 2-6 carbon atoms; R may be a C 1 -C 20 hydrocarbon; the alkoxy groups are polyethoxy, polypropoxy, and the like, with polyethoxy having a degree of polymerization of 2-30, most preferably 10 to 20; x is an integer of at least 2, preferably from 2-20, most preferably 3-5; and x ⁇ is an anion such as halide or methylsulfate, resulting from the quaternization reaction.
• the anion X ⁇ is of no particular consequence to performance of the polyamine in the present context, and is mentioned only for completeness in the above formula.
• polyamines for use herein are the so-called ethoxylated polyethylene imines, i.e., the polymerized reaction product of ethylene oxide with ethylene- imine, having the general formula: wherein x is an integer of 3 to 5 and y is an integer of 10 to 20.
• Polyamines typically will comprise at least about 0.2% of the preferred compositions herein, generally 0.5%-5%.
• the compositions herein can contain other ingredients which aid in their cleaning performance.
• through-the-wash detergent compositions contain a detergent builder and/or metal ion sequestrant.
• Compounds classifiable and well-known in the art as detergent builders include the nitrilotriacetates, polycarboxylates, citrates, water-soluble phosphates such as tri-polyphosphate and sodium ortho- and pyro-phosphates, silicates, and mixtures thereof.
• Metal ion sequestrants include all of the above, plus materials like ethylenediaminetetraacetate, the amino-polyphos- phonates and phosphates (DEQUEST) and a wide variety of other poly-functional organic acids and salts too numerous to mention in detail here. See U.S. Patent 3.579.454 for typical examples of the use of such materials in various cleaning compositians.
• the buildex/sequestrant will comprise about 0.5% to 15% of the composition.
• Citrate is one of the most preferred builders since it is readily soluble in the aqueous phase of heavy-duty liquid detergent compositions. Such ingredients are also useful in hard-surface cleaners.
• a source of magnesium ions can be used in the composi- ti ons , to assist grease removal.
• magne- sium hydroxide water-soluble salts such as magnesium chloride, acetate, sulfate, and the like, can be used.
• the laundry compositions herein also preferably contain enzymes to enhance their through-the-wash cleaning performance on a variety of soils and stains.
• Amylase and protease enzymes suitable for use in detergents are well-known in the art and in commercially available liquid and granular detergents.
• Commercial detersive enzymes preferably a mixture of amylase and protease
• Ingredients such as propane diol and/or formate and calcium can be added to help stabilize the enzymes in well-known fashion, according to the desires of the formulator.
• compositions herein can contain, in addition to ingredients already mentioned, various other optional ingredients typically used in commercial products to provide aesthetic or additional product performance benefits.
• Typical ingredients include pH regulants, perfumes, dyes, optical brighteners, soil suspending agents, hydrotropes and gel-control agents, freeze-thaw stabilizers, bactericides, preservatives, suds control agents and the like.
• Such ingredients typically comprise 0.1 % - 10 % of the formulations.
• Water or water-alcohol e.g., ethanol, isopropanol, etc.! mixtures are used as the carrier vehicle, and alkylated polysaccharides can be used to increase the stability and performance characteristics of the compositions.
• heavy duty liquid detergents that are suitable for laundering all manner of fabrics in a typical home laundering operation.
• the heavy duty liquid detergents disclosed hereinafter are formulated with a variety of detersive ingredients to provide excellent cleaning of a wide variety soils and stains, with particularly noteworthy benefits with regard to cosmetic and dirty motor oil stains.
• oil-in-water emulsions wherein the solvent is considered the "oil" phase
• oil-in-water microemulsions herein are comparable in grease-cutting performance to water-in-oil emulsions, which have much higher concentra- ticns of solvent.
• the compositions also exhibit excellent whiteness maintenance on cotton fabrics, apparently because the solvent reduces fatty acid soap build-up on fabric surfaces.
• Fatty Acids and Soaps - Patty acids such as lauric, myristic, palmitic, stearic and oleic acids, and poly-unsaturated fatty acids, as well as their water-soluble salts (i.e., "soaps") are employed in the present compositions to provide clear, homogeneous formulations containing the solvent and water.
• Mixtures of fatty acids (or soaps) such as palm oil acids, coconut oil acids, and the like, in the C 12 -C 18 carbon chain length, can be used.
• the concentration of fatty acid (or soap) is from 5 % to 50 %, preferably 5 % to 35 %, most preferably 10 % to 30 %, and the weight ratio of fatty acid (or soap):solvent is generally in the range of 4:1 to 1:4, preferably 3:1 to 1:2.
• the potassium salt form is preferred, but any convenient water-soluble salt may be used.
• these fatty acid/soap materials provide an important deter- geney builder function in the present compositions.
• these fatty acid/soap materials provide an important deter- geney builder function in the present compositions.
• Water -based The liquid compositions herein may properly be characterized as "water-based", in contrast with organic solvent-based cleaners known in the art.
• water can interfere with the ability of solvents to remove greasy stains from fabrics.
• a fabric stained with motor oil and dampened with water prior to treatment with a terpene solvent is not very well de-greased, if at all.
• the present compositions wherein the solvents are microemulsified in water are excellent greasy stain removers when used directly on dry or damp fabrics.
• water-based heavy duty liquid detergents offer ease-of-formulation advantages with respect to ingredients such as most detergency builders, sanitizers, chelants, soil-suspending agents, pH-control agents, and the like, which are usually water-soluble.
• compositions herein exhibit the advantages of water-based formulation flexibility, together with the superior grease removal qualities of solvent-based compositions.
• compositions generally comprise from 10 % to 70 %, preferably 20 % to 50 % water.
• the weight ratio of water:solvent is generally 10:1 to 1:1, preferably 5:1 to 2:1.
• pH/Stabilizer - As is well-known in the detergency arts, it is preferred for detergent compositions to be used in the near-neutral to alkaline pH range, i.e., pH 6.5, and above. This is for a variety of reasons. For example, many soils are partly peptized or emulsified by alkalinity, itself. And, many commercially available detersive enzymes (e.g,, the "alkaline proteases”) function optimally in alkaline laundering liquors.
• formulation stability could theoretically be achieved by proper selection of surfactants with low HLB's.
• nonionic surfactants such as C 14-15 alcohols with low ethoxylate numbers (1-3) could be used.
• low HLB surfactants do not function well as detersive surfactants, and the object herein is not only to provide stable microemulsions, but also good pre-treat and through-the-wash detergency.
• water-soluble, high ionic strength ingredients such as, for example, formate, sulfate, citrate, and the like
• water-soluble, low ionic strength materials such as ethanol has no stabilizing effect.
• ionic strength ingredients Conjointly adding the ionic strength ingredients and the solvent-soluble ingredients further enchances stability.
• the formulator can select ingredients with a view towards not only increasing microemulsion stability, but also providing optimal cleaning benefits.
• citrate as an ionic strength agent which also has detergency builder properties
• formate as an ionic strength agent which also stabilizes detergent enzymes
• n-hexanol or benzyl alcohol or diethyl phthalate as a low HLB ingredient which also serves a useful co-solvent cleaning function.
• the amount of ionic strength or low e.g. (2-5) HLB solvent-soluble ingredients, or both, used in the compositions will depend somewhat on the pH desired, the concentration of fatty acid, the level of grease-cutting solvent, the composition of the detersive surfactant system, and the like. Microemulsion stability can be monitored rather simply since the true microemulsions are clear, but turn hazy and non-homogeneous,with eventual phase separation at the point of instability. Moreover, true oil-in-water microemulsions turn hazy when diluted with water, whereas water-in-oil emulsions tend to gel, and micellar oil-plus-water systems remain clear.
• any of the well-known base materials can be used, for example, triethanolamine, alkali metal hydroxide and the like. Potassium hydroxide is preferred over sodium hydroxide, inasmuch as the ease of formulation of stable systems is increased substantially by the potassium cation.
• quaternary ammonium compounds and amines constitute a highly preferred class of pH regulants and stabilizers in the oil-in-water microemulsion detergent compositions of the present type.
• the quaternary or amine somehow associates with the fatty acid or anionic surfactants to form a complex which stabilizes the microemulsified oil (solvent).
• the quaternaries and amines do not boost the pH very much towards the alkaline range (only a few tenths of a pH unit. measured on the product formulated "as is”) the resulting boost in detergency performance is substantial.
• Dioctyl dimethyl ammonium chloride is a highly preferred quaternary used herein as a pH-regulant, but there can also be mentioned the following quaternaries in increasing order of preference of use: coconut trimethyl ammonium chloride (6.66): di-coconut dimethyl ammonium chloride (6.84): coconut benzyl dimethyl ammonium chloride (6.84): and dihexyl dimethyl ammonium chloride (6.89).
• the numbers in parentheses denote the pH achievable by adding the respective quaternaries to a liquid oin-in-water microemulsion containing fatty acid and formulated at an "as is" pH of 6.5.
• the pH figure is 6.94.
• Alkyl- or cyclo-alkyl amines such as coconut diethanol amine. coconutalkyl dimethyl amine. trioctyl amine and (most preferred) cyclohexyl amine, can be used at levels of 0.1-5% of the compositions to adjust the pH as high as 7.5.
• Product "as is" pH is measured at ambient (23°C) temperature using a commercial pH meter. The electrode is immersed in the product and the meter is allowed to stabilize before reading.
• compositions herein are in liquid form, which can be prepared by simply blending the essential and optional ingredients in the aqueous carrier.
• Microemulsion stability can be estimated visually by watching for phase separation, or can be monitored more quantitatively by standard turbidometric techniques.
• the compositions can be used to pre-treat soiled fabrics by rubbing a few milliliters of the composition directly onto and into the soiled area, followed by laundering, in standard fashion.
• the compositions are typically used at a concentration of at least 500 ppm, preferably 0.1% to 1.5% in an aqueous laundry bath at pH 6.5 and above to launder fabrics.
• the laundering can be carried out over the range from 5°C to the boil, with excellent results.
• compositions are diluted with water, or used full-strength, all in standard fashion.
• the preferred PCS/co-solvent mixtures can be used full-strength as de-greasing agents, for example, or can be separately packaged as laundry additives, or the like.
• Examples I through IV illustrate highly preferred liquid laundry detergents.
• oil-in-water microemulsions herein have the advantage that they can be packaged in polyethylene containers without effect on said containers.
• Example I is a stable, oil-in-water microemulsion suitable for use as a laundry detergent.
• Example I The composition of Example I is modified by replacing the n-octylbenzene by the same amount (9.1 % total formulation) of 1-decene and 1-dodecene, respectively.
• Example I The composition of Example I is modified by replacing the n-oetyl benzene by any ef the following solvent mixtures (percentages of total formulation being specified in parentheses) : 1-decene (6.1 %)/diethylphthalate (3.0 %) ; 1-dodecene (7.3%)/l-dodecanol (1.8 % ) ; n-octyl benzene (6.2 %)/diethyl phthalate (2.9 %) ; octyl benzene ( .0 %)/Butyl Carbitol (3.1 %) ; 1-decene (7.3 % )/ ''Hexylcellosolve'' (1.3 %).
• compositions of Examples I, II and III are modified by adding sufficient cyclohexyl amine (preferred) or dioctyldime- thylammonium chloride to adjust the "as is" pH of the compositions from 6.6 to 7.3.
• the resulting compositions exhibit exceptionally good fabric cleaning and whiteness maintenance.
• Example I The compositio of Example I is modified by replacing the Ethoxylated Polyamine with any of the following alkoxylated polyamines A, B or C, having the general formula disclosed hereinbefore :
• the alkoxylated polyamines contribute to the clay soil removal performance of the compositions.
• a spray-dried granular detergent is prepared in standard fashion using the following typical ingredients at conventional levels. 1.5 parts of n-octyl benzene are pre-emulsified with soap and evenly sprayed into 100 parts of the granules prepared in the foregoing manner to improve detergency performance in a home fabric laundering operation.
• P-4" polymer Another preferred olefin solvent herein by virtue of its relatively low odor is the so-called "P-4" polymer. available from a number of petrochemical suppliers to the detergent industry as a raw material for branched alkyl benzene.
• P-4 is an isomer mix of the condensation product of 4 -moles of propylene. i.e., C 12 branched olefins.
• P-4 is non-polar, and is preferably used in combination with a polar solvent such as benzyl alcohol, diethylphthate. butyl carbitol or the like.
• polar solvents herein include the "Cellosolves” e.g. alkoxyl alkanols such as 2-butoxyethanol: C 6 -C 12 alkanols (including benzyl alcohol) such as dodecanol, phenethyl alcohol. diglycolether acetates. and the like.
• alkoxyl alkanols such as 2-butoxyethanol: C 6 -C 12 alkanols (including benzyl alcohol) such as dodecanol, phenethyl alcohol. diglycolether acetates. and the like.
• compositions comprising PCS and polar co-solvent are especially preferred for use in liquid cleaning and spot remover compositions.
• compositions VII(A-J) can be applied "neat” to remove spots and stains from fabrics, or added to an aqueous cleaning batch comprising conventional detersive ingredients.
• compositions herein are used in an aqueous laundering liquor, preferably at a liquor pH of 6.5-8.0 (measured as 1 % of composition in water) to launder fabrics. Excellent cleaning is attained by agitating fabrics in such liquors especially at this preferred in-use pH range.

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• 1984
  • 1984-04-07 GB GB848409055A patent/GB8409055D0/en active Pending
  • 1984-08-06 AT AT84305318T patent/ATE35426T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1984-08-06 DE DE8484305318T patent/DE3472417D1/de not_active Expired
  • 1984-08-06 EP EP84305318A patent/EP0164467B1/de not_active Expired
  • 1984-08-09 CA CA000460635A patent/CA1230535A/en not_active Expired
  • 1984-08-10 IE IE2068/84A patent/IE57572B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1984-08-10 ES ES535070A patent/ES8607380A1/es not_active Expired
  • 1984-08-10 FI FI843161A patent/FI73733C/fi not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1984-08-10 GR GR80088A patent/GR80088B/el unknown
  • 1984-08-11 JP JP59168723A patent/JPH0633424B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime

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