EP0162833B1 - Piston compressor - Google Patents

Piston compressor Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0162833B1
EP0162833B1 EP19850890088 EP85890088A EP0162833B1 EP 0162833 B1 EP0162833 B1 EP 0162833B1 EP 19850890088 EP19850890088 EP 19850890088 EP 85890088 A EP85890088 A EP 85890088A EP 0162833 B1 EP0162833 B1 EP 0162833B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
compressor
lubricant
crank chamber
return
flow duct
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP19850890088
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German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0162833A1 (en
Inventor
Friedrich Dr. Dipl.-Ing. Bauer
Günter Hofstädter
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hoerbiger Ventilwerke GmbH and Co KG
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Hoerbiger Ventilwerke GmbH and Co KG
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Publication of EP0162833A1 publication Critical patent/EP0162833A1/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B35/00—Piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by the driving means to their working members, or by combination with, or adaptation to, specific driving engines or motors, not otherwise provided for
    • F04B35/002—Piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by the driving means to their working members, or by combination with, or adaptation to, specific driving engines or motors, not otherwise provided for driven by internal combustion engines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01M—LUBRICATING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; LUBRICATING INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES; CRANKCASE VENTILATING
    • F01M13/00—Crankcase ventilating or breathing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B63/00—Adaptations of engines for driving pumps, hand-held tools or electric generators; Portable combinations of engines with engine-driven devices
    • F02B63/06—Adaptations of engines for driving pumps, hand-held tools or electric generators; Portable combinations of engines with engine-driven devices for pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B39/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, of pumps or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids, not otherwise provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B37/00
    • F04B39/02—Lubrication
    • F04B39/0207—Lubrication with lubrication control systems

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a piston compressor for gaseous media, for. B. brake air compressor for motor vehicles, with a lubricant pump that conveys lubricant from an externally arranged storage container through a lubricant circuit of the compressor, a return channel for the lubricant from the crank chamber of the compressor to the storage container being provided, in the return channel, which with a gradient in the deeper arranged reservoir is returned, an automatic check valve is installed, which blocks the passage of the return channel towards the crank chamber of the compressor.
  • a piston compressor of this type is already known from FR-A-2 040 514 (Fig. 3).
  • precautions are taken to maintain a constant level of the lubricant in the crank chamber.
  • the mouth of the return duct is at this level.
  • the crank chamber of the compressor is provided with a further check valve which opens in the direction of the interior of the crank chamber and which is connected to the suction line of the compressor or to the free atmosphere.
  • the further check valve opens and air is sucked into the interior of the crank chamber.
  • this check valve closes and the air in the crank chamber is compressed, so that an excess pressure is created in it, which causes the excess lubricant to be returned to the reservoir.
  • the inlet of this compressor is not regulated.
  • Other embodiments in FR-A-2 040 514 do not have a lubricant pump.
  • the crankcase is sealed and causes the lubricating oil to be sucked in and returned.
  • the excess pressure resulting from the piston movements in the crank chamber is also used for the delivery of lubricant.
  • the reservoir for the lubricant connects directly to the bottom of the crank chamber and is connected to it via a relatively large check valve with a weak spring. With each suction stroke of the piston, air is pressed out of the crank chamber into the reservoir via this check valve and an overpressure is generated therein. This overpressure conveys the lubricant out of the reservoir via a riser pipe and connecting channels to the lubrication points of the crankshaft bearings.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a simple measure by which an undesirable accumulation of lubricant in the compressor and in the pumped gas is prevented without having to do without a known control.
  • the compressor is provided with a device for regulating the delivery quantity and the crank chamber of the compressor is tightly sealed except for the supply and discharge of the lubricant.
  • This simple measure surprisingly effectively prevents over-oiling of the compressor and the compressed gas without impairing the sufficient lubrication of the compressor.
  • the invention is based on the knowledge that in normal operation or when the compressor is idling, for. B. with throttled or closed intake line, a negative pressure is created in the working chamber of the compressor above the piston and that with simultaneous excess pressure in the crank chamber in this existing lubricant migrates along the cylinder walls upwards into the working chamber of the compressor.
  • the check valve installed in the return channel allows the lubricant to flow back unhindered to the reservoir, but the closed design of the crank chamber prevents air from being sucked back into the crank chamber during the compression stroke of the piston. It will thus creates a negative pressure in the crank chamber of the compressor and thereby prevents a pressure drop between the crank chamber and the working chamber of the compressor which occurs during the intake stroke of the compressor, which causes the lubricant to get into the pumped gas.
  • a simple embodiment of the invention is that the return channel is formed by an opening in the wall of the crank chamber of the compressor and a drain hole connected therewith in a machine part connected to the crankcase, the check valve consisting of a between the crankcase and the latter connected machine part attached flexible valve tongue, which controls the opening in the wall of the crank chamber.
  • the check valve used in this version is particularly simple and practically only consists of a flexible valve tongue.
  • This embodiment is particularly suitable for types in which the compressor is mounted directly on the housing of a drive motor.
  • the drain hole can open directly into the crankcase of the drive motor.
  • the check valve provided according to the invention can also in a pipeline, for. B. be installed in their screw connection, it is expediently designed as a valve insert.
  • a preferred application of the invention are the brake air compressors for motor vehicles, which are driven by the motor vehicle engine and are supplied with lubricant by its lubricant pump.
  • the check valve is installed in the return channel which is returned from the crank chamber of the compressor to the oil sump of the motor vehicle engine. The check valve prevents over-oiling of the delivered compressed air and thus environmental pollution from the brake air blown off by the motor vehicles.
  • FIG. 1 shows a side view of a piston compressor according to the invention mounted on a drive motor
  • FIG. 2 shows an embodiment of the check valve in a longitudinal section.
  • an internal combustion engine 1 for. B. a motor vehicle engine, shown on the engine housing via a console 2, a compressor 3, z. B. a brake air compressor is attached.
  • the compressor 3 is driven by the engine 1 via a drive belt 4.
  • the compressor 3 is lubricated via an externally arranged lubricant pump 5, which in the exemplary embodiment is arranged in the crankcase 6 of the internal combustion engine 1 and at the same time supplies the lubricant circuit of the engine 1.
  • the lubricant pump 5 draws in the lubricant from the oil sump 7 of the engine 1 and conveys it via a lubricant line 8 to the crank chamber 9 of the compressor 3.
  • lubricant under pressure is distributed to the points to be lubricated through lubricant channels and from there in the crank chamber 9 sprayed, whereby the cylinder wall is also supplied with lubricant.
  • a return channel 10 leads from the crank chamber 9 back into the crankcase 6 of the engine 1.
  • an automatic check valve 11 is installed, which blocks the passage of the return duct 10 in the direction of the crank chamber 9 of the compressor 3.
  • the check valve 11 can be simple, so that it can be inserted into the screw connection of the pipeline that forms the return channel 10.
  • 2 shows an embodiment in which the return duct 10 is formed by an opening 12 in the wall of the crank chamber 9 of the compressor 3 and a drain hole 13 connected therewith in the bracket 2 carrying the compressor.
  • the check valve 11 consists of a flexible valve tongue 14 which is riveted between the bracket 2 and the crankcase 15 of the compressor 3 on the crankcase wall.
  • the free end of the valve tongue 14 controls the opening 12 in the wall of the crank chamber 9.
  • the space for the lifting movement of the valve tongue 14 is recessed in a seal 16 which is clamped between the bracket 2 and the crankcase 15.
  • the compressor 3 With the engine 1 running, the compressor 3 is driven via the drive belt 4. At the same time, the lubricant pump 5 delivers oil to the compressor 3 via the lubricant line 8, which oil collects in the crank chamber 9 after lubrication of the bearings and the cylinder. From this, the oil flows back via the return channel 10 to the oil sump 7 in the crankcase 6 of the engine 1.
  • the check valve 11 blocks the passage of the return channel 10 in the direction of the crank chamber 9, so that although the oil and air from the crank chamber 9 of the compressor 3 can flow into the crankcase 6 of the engine 1, a flow in the opposite direction is not possible.
  • the measure according to the invention for preventing over-oiling of the pumped medium can be used advantageously not only with brake air compressors but also with other air and gas compressors, e.g. B. in refrigerant compressors to prevent lubricant from getting into the refrigerant.

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf einen Kolbenverdichter für gasförmige Medien, z. B. Bremsluftverdichter für Kraftfahrzeuge, mit einer Schmiermittelpumpe, die Schmiermittel aus einem extern angeordneten Vorratsbehälter durch einen Schmiermittelkreislauf des Verdichters fördert, wobei ein Rücklaufkanal für das Schmiermittel aus der Kurbelkammer des Verdichters zum Vorratsbehälter vorgesehen ist, wobei in dem Rücklaufkanal, der mit Gefälle in den tiefer angeordneten Vorratsbehälter zurückgeführt ist, ein selbsttätiges Rückschlagventil eingebaut ist, das den Durchlaß des Rücklaufkanals in Richtung zur Kurbelkammer des Verdichters sperrt.The invention relates to a piston compressor for gaseous media, for. B. brake air compressor for motor vehicles, with a lubricant pump that conveys lubricant from an externally arranged storage container through a lubricant circuit of the compressor, a return channel for the lubricant from the crank chamber of the compressor to the storage container being provided, in the return channel, which with a gradient in the deeper arranged reservoir is returned, an automatic check valve is installed, which blocks the passage of the return channel towards the crank chamber of the compressor.

Ein Kolbenverdichter dieser Bauart ist aus der FR-A-2 040 514 (Fig 3) schon bekannt. Bei dieser bekannten Ausführung sind Vorkehrungen getroffen, um in der Kurbelkammer ein konstantes Niveau des Schmiermittels aufrecht zu erhalten. Auf diesem Niveau befindet sich die Mündung des Rücklaufkanals. Ferner ist die Kurbelkammer des Verdichters zusätlich zu dem in dem Rücklaufkanal für das Schmiermittel eingebauten Rückschlagventil mit einem in Richtung zum Innenraum der Kurbelkammer öffnenden weiteren Rückschlagventil versehen, das mit der Saugleitung des Verdichters oder mit der freien Atmosphäre in Verbindung steht. Beim Förderhub des Verdichterkolbens öffnet sich das weitere Rückschlagventil und es wird Luft in das Innere der Kurbelkammer gesaugt. Beim anschließenden Saughub schließt dieses Rückschlagventil und die Luft in der Kurbelkammer wird verdichtet, so daß in dieser ein Überdruck entsteht, der die Rückführung des überschüssigen Schmiermittels in den Vorratsbehälter bewirkt.A piston compressor of this type is already known from FR-A-2 040 514 (Fig. 3). In this known embodiment, precautions are taken to maintain a constant level of the lubricant in the crank chamber. The mouth of the return duct is at this level. Furthermore, in addition to the check valve installed in the return duct for the lubricant, the crank chamber of the compressor is provided with a further check valve which opens in the direction of the interior of the crank chamber and which is connected to the suction line of the compressor or to the free atmosphere. During the delivery stroke of the compressor piston, the further check valve opens and air is sucked into the interior of the crank chamber. During the subsequent suction stroke, this check valve closes and the air in the crank chamber is compressed, so that an excess pressure is created in it, which causes the excess lubricant to be returned to the reservoir.

Der Einlass dieses Verdichters ist nicht geregelt. Andere Ausführungsformen in FR-A-2 040 514 haben keine Schmiermittel-Pumpe. Der Kurbelkasten ist dicht und bewirkt das Ansaugen und die Rückförderung des Schmieröles.The inlet of this compressor is not regulated. Other embodiments in FR-A-2 040 514 do not have a lubricant pump. The crankcase is sealed and causes the lubricating oil to be sucked in and returned.

Bei dem aus der GB-A-600 460 bekannten Kompressor wird gleichfalls der durch die Kolbenbewegungen in der Kurbelkammer entstehende Überdruck für die Förderung von Schmiermittel verwendet. Der Vorratsbehälter für das Schmiermittel schließt dort unmittelbar an den Boden der Kurbelkammer an und ist mit dieser über ein verhältnismäßig großes Rückschlagventil mit schwacher Feder verbunden. Bei jedem Ansaughub des Kolbens wird über dieses Rückschlagventil Luft aus der Kurbelkammer in den Vorratsbehälter gedrückt und in diesem ein Überdruck erzeugt. Dieser Überdruck fördert das Schmiermittel aus dem Vorratsbehälter über ein Steigrohr und daran anschließende Kanäle zu den Schmierstellen der Kurbelwellenlager.In the compressor known from GB-A-600 460, the excess pressure resulting from the piston movements in the crank chamber is also used for the delivery of lubricant. The reservoir for the lubricant connects directly to the bottom of the crank chamber and is connected to it via a relatively large check valve with a weak spring. With each suction stroke of the piston, air is pressed out of the crank chamber into the reservoir via this check valve and an overpressure is generated therein. This overpressure conveys the lubricant out of the reservoir via a riser pipe and connecting channels to the lubrication points of the crankshaft bearings.

Es wurde nun festgestellt, daß es bei den bekannten Kolbenverdichtern zu einer Unerwünschten Anreicherung von Schmiermittel im Arbeitsraum des Verdichters, also im Zylinderraum oberhalb des Kolbens, kommt. Dieses überschüssige Schmiermittel führt zu einer Überölung und wird z. B. bei Bremsluftverdichtern von Kraftfahrzeugen ins Freie abgeblasen. Da die Bremsluftverdichter in der Regel an den Ölkreislauf der Kraftfahrzeugmotoren angeschlossen sind, ergibt sich ein erhöhter Verbrauch an Motoröl des Kraftfahrzeugmotors. Außerdem führt die überölte Luft zu einer Verschmutzung der Umwelt, insbesondere öffentlicher Verkehrflächen, wie z. B. in Parkbuchten von Autobushaltestellen, wo die die überölte Luft auf den Boden abgeblasen wird. Dieses Problem konnte auch nicht durch eine Verringerung der Schmiermittelzufuhr zum Verdichter gelöst werden, da hierbei die Gefahr des Heißlaufens des Verdichters besteht. Eine Rückführung der das Öl mitführenden überschussigen Luft in den Saugstutzen des Kraftfahrzeugmotors ist nicht nur aufwendig, sondern wird auch von den Motorherstellern abgelehnt, weil außer der überölten Luft auch Ölkohle und andere Verunreinigungen in den Brennraum des Motors gelangen können. Diese Nachteile sind in besonderem Maß bei Verdichtern auffällig, die mit einer Einrichtung zur Regelung der Fördermenge versehen sind, weil im Regelbetrieb und im Leerlauf des Verdichters die überschüssige Luft meist unmittelbar ins Freie abgeblasen wird.It has now been found that there is an undesirable accumulation of lubricant in the working chamber of the compressor, that is to say in the cylinder space above the piston, in the known piston compressors. This excess lubricant leads to over-oiling and z. B. blown off in the brake air compressors of motor vehicles. Since the brake air compressors are generally connected to the oil circuit of the motor vehicle engines, there is an increased consumption of motor oil of the motor vehicle engine. In addition, the over-oiled air leads to pollution of the environment, in particular public traffic areas, such as. B. in parking bays of bus stops, where the over-oiled air is blown off to the ground. This problem could not be solved by reducing the supply of lubricant to the compressor, since there is a risk of the compressor overheating. A return of the excess air carrying the oil into the intake manifold of the motor vehicle engine is not only complex, but is also rejected by the engine manufacturers because, in addition to the over-oiled air, oil carbon and other contaminants can also get into the combustion chamber of the engine. These disadvantages are particularly noticeable in the case of compressors which are provided with a device for regulating the delivery rate, because in normal operation and when the compressor is idling, the excess air is usually blown off directly into the open.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine einfache Maßnahme anzugeben, durch die eine unerwünschte Anreicherung von Schmiermittel im Verdichter und in dem geförderten Gas verhindert wird, ohne auf eine an sich bekannte Regelung verzichten zu müssen.The invention has for its object to provide a simple measure by which an undesirable accumulation of lubricant in the compressor and in the pumped gas is prevented without having to do without a known control.

Diese Aufgabe wird mit der Erfindung dadurch gelöst, daß der Verdichter mit einer Einrichtung zur Regelung der Fördermenge versehen ist und die Kurbelkammer des Verdichters bis auf die Zu-und Abführung des Schmiermittels dicht abgeschlossen ist. Durch diese einfache Maßnahme wird in überraschender Weise eine Überölung des Verdichters und des zerdichteten Gases wirksam vermieden, ohne die ausreichende Schmierung des Verdichters zu beeinträchtigen. Die Erfindung geht dabei von der Erkenntnis aus, daß im Regelbetrieb oder bei Leerlauf des Verdichters, z. B. bei gedrosselter oder abgeschlossener Ansaugleitung, im Arbeitsraum des Verdichters oberhalb des Kolbens ein Unterdruck entsteht und daß bei gleichzeitigem Überdruck in der Kurbelkammer in dieser vorhandenes Schmiermittel den Zylinderwänden entlang nach oben in den Arbeitsraum des Verdichters wandert. Bei der erfindungsgemäßen Ausbildung läßt das in den Rücklaufkanal eingebaute Rückschlagventil das Schmiermittel ungehindert zum Vorratsbehälter zurückströmen, die abgeschlossene Ausführung der Kurbelkammer verhindert aber gleichzeitig, daß beim Verdichtungshub des Kolbens Luft in die Kurbelkammer zurückgesaugt wird. Es wird also in der Kurbelkammer des Verdichters ein Unterdruck erzeugt und dadurch verhindert, daß beim Ansaughub des Verdichters ein Druckgefälle zwischen der Kurbelkammer und dem Arbeitsraum des Verdichters entsteht, welches die Ursache dafür ist, daß Schmiermittel in das geförderte Gas gelangt.This object is achieved with the invention in that the compressor is provided with a device for regulating the delivery quantity and the crank chamber of the compressor is tightly sealed except for the supply and discharge of the lubricant. This simple measure surprisingly effectively prevents over-oiling of the compressor and the compressed gas without impairing the sufficient lubrication of the compressor. The invention is based on the knowledge that in normal operation or when the compressor is idling, for. B. with throttled or closed intake line, a negative pressure is created in the working chamber of the compressor above the piston and that with simultaneous excess pressure in the crank chamber in this existing lubricant migrates along the cylinder walls upwards into the working chamber of the compressor. In the embodiment of the invention, the check valve installed in the return channel allows the lubricant to flow back unhindered to the reservoir, but the closed design of the crank chamber prevents air from being sucked back into the crank chamber during the compression stroke of the piston. It will thus creates a negative pressure in the crank chamber of the compressor and thereby prevents a pressure drop between the crank chamber and the working chamber of the compressor which occurs during the intake stroke of the compressor, which causes the lubricant to get into the pumped gas.

Eine einfache Ausführungsform der Erfindung besteht darin, daß der Rücklaufkanal von einer Öffnung in der Wand der Kurbelkammer des Verdichters und einer damit in Verbindung stehenden Abflußbohrung in einem mit dem Kurbelgehäuse verbundenen Maschinenteil gebildet ist, wobei das Rückschlagventil aus einer zwischen dem Kurbelgehäuse und dem mit diesem verbundenen Maschinenteil befestigten flexiblen Ventilzunge besteht, die die Öffnung in der Wand der Kurbelkammer steuert. Das bei dieser Ausführung verwendete Rückschlagventil ist besonders einfach und besteht praktisch nur aus einer flexiblen Ventilzunge. Diese Ausführungsform eignet sich insbesondere für Bauarten, bei denen der Verdichter unmittelbar an das Gehause eines Antriebsmotors angebaut ist. Die Abflußbohrung kann dabei unmittelbar in das Kurbelgehäuse des Antriebsmotors münden. Das erfindungsgemäß vorgesehene Rückschlagventil kann aber auch in eine Rohrleitung, z. B. in deren Verschraubung, eingebaut sein, wobei es zweckmäßig als Ventileinsatz ausgeführt ist.A simple embodiment of the invention is that the return channel is formed by an opening in the wall of the crank chamber of the compressor and a drain hole connected therewith in a machine part connected to the crankcase, the check valve consisting of a between the crankcase and the latter connected machine part attached flexible valve tongue, which controls the opening in the wall of the crank chamber. The check valve used in this version is particularly simple and practically only consists of a flexible valve tongue. This embodiment is particularly suitable for types in which the compressor is mounted directly on the housing of a drive motor. The drain hole can open directly into the crankcase of the drive motor. The check valve provided according to the invention can also in a pipeline, for. B. be installed in their screw connection, it is expediently designed as a valve insert.

Eine bevorzugte Anwendung der Erfindung sind die Bremsluftverdichter für Kraftfahrzeuge, die vom Kraftfahrzeugmotor angetrieben sowie von dessen Schmiermittelpumpe mit Schmiermittel versorgt sind. Erfindungsgemäß ist hiebei das Rückschlagventil in den aus der Kurbelkammer des Verdichters zum Ölsumpf des Kraftfahrzeugmotors zurückgeführten Rücklaufkanal eingebaut. Das Rückschlagventil verhindert eine Überölung der geförderten Druckluft und damit eine Umweltverschmutzung durch die von den Kraftfahrzeugen abgeblasene Bremsluft.A preferred application of the invention are the brake air compressors for motor vehicles, which are driven by the motor vehicle engine and are supplied with lubricant by its lubricant pump. According to the invention, the check valve is installed in the return channel which is returned from the crank chamber of the compressor to the oil sump of the motor vehicle engine. The check valve prevents over-oiling of the delivered compressed air and thus environmental pollution from the brake air blown off by the motor vehicles.

Weitere Einzelheiten und Vorteile der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung von Ausführungsbeispielen, die in der Zeichnung dargestellt sind. In dieser zeigt Fig. 1 in schematischer Darstellung einen an einen Antriebsmotor angebauten erfindungsgemäßen Kolbenverdichter in Seitenansicht und Fig. 2 eine Ausführungsform des Rückschlagventils in einem Längsschnitt.Further details and advantages of the invention result from the following description of exemplary embodiments, which are shown in the drawing. 1 shows a side view of a piston compressor according to the invention mounted on a drive motor, and FIG. 2 shows an embodiment of the check valve in a longitudinal section.

In Fig. 1 ist ein Verbrennungsmotor 1, z. B. ein Kraftfahrzeugmotor, gezeigt, an dessen Motorgehäuse über eine Konsole 2 ein Verdichter 3, z. B. ein Bremsluftverdichter, angebaut ist. Der Verdichter 3 ist vom Motor 1 über einen Antriebsriemen 4 angetrieben. Die Schmierung des Verdichters 3 erfolgt über eine extern angeordnete Schmiermittelpumpe 5, die im Ausführungsbeispiel im Kurbelgehäuse 6 des Verbrennungsmotors 1 angeordnet ist und zugleich den Schmiermittelkreislauf des Motors 1 versorgt. Die Schmiermittelpumpe 5 saugt das Schmiermittel aus dem Ölsumpf 7 des Motors 1 an und fördert es über eine Schmiermittelleitung 8 zur Kurbelkammer 9 des Verdichters 3. Dort wird das unter Druck stehende Schmiermittel durch Schmiermittelkanäle an die zu schmierenden Stellen verteilt und von diesen in der Kurbelkammer 9 versprüht, wobei auch die Zylinderwand mit Schmiermittel versorgt wird. Aus der Kurbelkammer 9 führt ein Rücklaufkanal 10 in das Kurbelgehäuse 6 des Motors 1 zurück.In Fig. 1, an internal combustion engine 1, for. B. a motor vehicle engine, shown on the engine housing via a console 2, a compressor 3, z. B. a brake air compressor is attached. The compressor 3 is driven by the engine 1 via a drive belt 4. The compressor 3 is lubricated via an externally arranged lubricant pump 5, which in the exemplary embodiment is arranged in the crankcase 6 of the internal combustion engine 1 and at the same time supplies the lubricant circuit of the engine 1. The lubricant pump 5 draws in the lubricant from the oil sump 7 of the engine 1 and conveys it via a lubricant line 8 to the crank chamber 9 of the compressor 3. There, the lubricant under pressure is distributed to the points to be lubricated through lubricant channels and from there in the crank chamber 9 sprayed, whereby the cylinder wall is also supplied with lubricant. A return channel 10 leads from the crank chamber 9 back into the crankcase 6 of the engine 1.

In den Rücklaufkanal 10, der In Fig. 1 aus einer Rohrleitung besteht, ist ein selbsttätiges Rückschlagventil 11 eingebaut, das den Durchlaß des Rücklaufkanals 10 in Richtung zur Kurbelkammer 9 des Verdichters 3 sperrt. Das Rückschlagventil 11 kann einfach ausgebildet sein, so daß es in die Verschraubung der Rohrleitung, die den Rücklaufkanal 10 bildet, eingesetzt werden kann. In Fig. 2 ist eine Ausführungsform gezeigt, bei der der Rücklaufkanal 10 von einer Öffnung 12 in der Wand der Kurbelkammer 9 des Verdichters 3 und einer damit in Verbindung stehenden Abflußbohrung 13 in der den Verdichter tragenden Konsole 2 gebildet ist. Das Rückschlagventil 11 besteht hiebei aus einer flexiblen Ventilzunge 14, die zwischen der Konsole 2 und dem Kurbelgehäuse 15 des Verdichters 3 an der Kurbelkastenwand angenietet ist. Die Ventilzunge 14 steuert mit ihrem freien Ende die Öffnung 12 in der Wand der Kurbelkammer 9. Der Raum für die Hubbewegung der Ventilzunge 14 ist in einer Dichtung 16 ausgespart, die zwischen der Konsole 2 und dem Kurbelgehäuse 15 eingespannt ist.In the return duct 10, which consists of a pipeline in FIG. 1, an automatic check valve 11 is installed, which blocks the passage of the return duct 10 in the direction of the crank chamber 9 of the compressor 3. The check valve 11 can be simple, so that it can be inserted into the screw connection of the pipeline that forms the return channel 10. 2 shows an embodiment in which the return duct 10 is formed by an opening 12 in the wall of the crank chamber 9 of the compressor 3 and a drain hole 13 connected therewith in the bracket 2 carrying the compressor. The check valve 11 consists of a flexible valve tongue 14 which is riveted between the bracket 2 and the crankcase 15 of the compressor 3 on the crankcase wall. The free end of the valve tongue 14 controls the opening 12 in the wall of the crank chamber 9. The space for the lifting movement of the valve tongue 14 is recessed in a seal 16 which is clamped between the bracket 2 and the crankcase 15.

Bei laufendem Motor 1 wird der Verdichter 3 über den Antriebsriemen 4 angetrieben. Gleichzeitig fördert die Schmiermittelpumpe 5 über die Schmiermittelleitung 8 Öl zum Verdichter 3, das sich dort nach Schmierung der Lager und des Zylinders in der Kurbelkammer 9 sammelt. Aus dieser fließt das Öl über den Rücklaufkanal 10 zum Ölsumpf 7 im Kurbelgehäuse 6 des Motors 1 zurück. Das Rückschlagventil 11 sperrt den Durchlaß des Rücklaufkanals 10 in Richtung der Kurbelkammer 9, so daß zwar das Öl und auch Luft aus der Kurbelkammer 9 des Verdichters 3 in das Kurbelgehäuse 6 des Motors 1 fließen können, ein Durchfluß in der Gegenrichtung aber nicht möglich ist. Wenn sich also der Kolben des Verdichters 3 beim Saughub nach unten in die Kurbelkammer 9 bewegt und in dieser eine Druckerhöhung verursacht, öffnet das Rückschlagventil 11, so daß Luft und Öl entweichen können. Beim anschließenden Druckhub des Verdichters, bei dem der Kolben sich nach oben aus der Kurbelkammer 9 hinausbewegt, kann aber keine Luft zuströmen, so daß in der Kurbelkammer 9 ein leichter unterdruck entsteht. Auf diese Weise wird ein Überdruck in der Kurbelkammer 9 verhindert. Es herrscht in dieser auch im Regel betrieb und im Leerlauf des Verdichters 3 ein Druck, der nicht oder höchstens kurzzeitig höher ist als der Druck im Arbeitsraum des Verdichters 3. Dadurch wird verhindert, daß Schmieröl aus der Kurbelkammer 9 der Zylinderwand entlang in den Arbeitsraum des Verdichters und aus diesem in die geförderte Druckluft gelangt.With the engine 1 running, the compressor 3 is driven via the drive belt 4. At the same time, the lubricant pump 5 delivers oil to the compressor 3 via the lubricant line 8, which oil collects in the crank chamber 9 after lubrication of the bearings and the cylinder. From this, the oil flows back via the return channel 10 to the oil sump 7 in the crankcase 6 of the engine 1. The check valve 11 blocks the passage of the return channel 10 in the direction of the crank chamber 9, so that although the oil and air from the crank chamber 9 of the compressor 3 can flow into the crankcase 6 of the engine 1, a flow in the opposite direction is not possible. Thus, when the piston of the compressor 3 moves down into the crank chamber 9 during the suction stroke and causes a pressure increase in the latter, the check valve 11 opens, so that air and oil can escape. During the subsequent pressure stroke of the compressor, during which the piston moves upward out of the crank chamber 9, however, no air can flow in, so that a slight negative pressure is created in the crank chamber 9. In this way, excess pressure in the crank chamber 9 is prevented. There is also normal operation in this and when the compressor 3 is idling, a pressure that is not or at most for a short time is higher than the pressure in the working space of the compressor 3. This prevents lubricating oil from the crank chamber 9 along the cylinder wall from getting into the working space of the compressor and from this into the delivered compressed air.

Die erfindungsgemäße Maßnahme zur Verhinderung der Überölung des geförderten Mediums kann nicht nur bei Bremsluftverdichtern vorteilhaft angewendet werden sondern auch bei anderen Luft- und Gasverdichtern, z. B. bei Kältemittelverdichtern, um zu verhindern, daß Schmiermittel in das Kältemittel gelangt.The measure according to the invention for preventing over-oiling of the pumped medium can be used advantageously not only with brake air compressors but also with other air and gas compressors, e.g. B. in refrigerant compressors to prevent lubricant from getting into the refrigerant.

Claims (3)

1. A piston compressor for gaseous media, for example a brake air-compressor for motor vehicles, with a lubricant pump (5), which conveys lubricant from an externally mounted storage tank (6, 7) through a lubricant circuit (8) of the compressor (3), a return-flow duct (10) for the lubricant being provided from the crank chamber (9) of the compressor (3) to the storage tank (6, 7), and an automatic non-return valve (11), which blocks the passage of the return-flow duct (10) in the direction of the crank chamber (9) of the compressor (3), being inserted in the return-flow duct (10) which leads back with a drop to the storage tank (6, 7) which is situated at a lower level, characterized in that the compressor (3) is provided with a device for regulating the quantity conveyed and the crank chamber (9) of the compressor (3) is tightly sealed until the lubricant is supplied and removed.
2. A piston compressor according to Claim 1, characterized in that the return-flow duct (10) is formed by an opening (12) in the wall of the crank chamber (9) of the compressor (3) and an outflow bore (13) connected thereto in a machine part (2) connected to the crankcase (15), the non-return valve (11) comprising a flexible valve tongue (14) which is secured between the crankcase (15) and the machine part (2) connected thereto and which controls the opening (12) in the wall of the crank chamber (9).
3. A piston compressor according to Claim 1 or 2, which is designed as a brake air-compressor for motor vehicles and is driven by the motor vehicle engine and which is supplied with lubricant by the lubricant pump of the said engine, characterized in that the return-flow duct (10), into which the non-return valve (11) is inserted, leads from the crank chamber (9) of the compressor (3) back to the oil sump (7) of the motor vehicle engine (1).
EP19850890088 1984-04-06 1985-04-03 Piston compressor Expired EP0162833B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT0117684A AT380541B (en) 1984-04-06 1984-04-06 PISTON COMPRESSOR
AT1176/84 1984-04-06

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0162833A1 EP0162833A1 (en) 1985-11-27
EP0162833B1 true EP0162833B1 (en) 1988-05-18

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19850890088 Expired EP0162833B1 (en) 1984-04-06 1985-04-03 Piston compressor

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EP (1) EP0162833B1 (en)
AT (1) AT380541B (en)
DE (1) DE3562798D1 (en)
ES (1) ES8605422A1 (en)
HU (1) HUH3096A (en)
PL (1) PL143968B1 (en)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2187801B (en) * 1986-03-14 1989-11-22 Bendix Ltd Gas compressors
DE102007006641A1 (en) * 2007-02-06 2008-08-07 Voith Patent Gmbh Crank gear for two-stage piston compressor i.e. brake air compressor, has bolt bearing i.e. antifriction bearing, for supporting piston pin, pin bearing i.e. friction bearing, on crank shaft, and connection for making admission of oil mist
CN101943155B (en) * 2009-07-09 2012-07-04 蔡伽依 Circulating oiling device of air compressor
US9856866B2 (en) 2011-01-28 2018-01-02 Wabtec Holding Corp. Oil-free air compressor for rail vehicles

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB600460A (en) * 1943-12-06 1948-04-09 Roy Douglass Buell Improvements in or relating to compressors
FR2040514A5 (en) * 1969-04-01 1971-01-22 Westinghouse Freins & Signaux

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES8605422A1 (en) 1986-03-16
HUH3096A (en) 1986-10-29
AT380541B (en) 1986-06-10
EP0162833A1 (en) 1985-11-27
PL252741A1 (en) 1985-11-19
DE3562798D1 (en) 1988-06-23
PL143968B1 (en) 1988-03-31
ES541970A0 (en) 1986-03-16
ATA117684A (en) 1985-10-15

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