EP0160600B1 - Folding step ladder - Google Patents

Folding step ladder Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0160600B1
EP0160600B1 EP85400661A EP85400661A EP0160600B1 EP 0160600 B1 EP0160600 B1 EP 0160600B1 EP 85400661 A EP85400661 A EP 85400661A EP 85400661 A EP85400661 A EP 85400661A EP 0160600 B1 EP0160600 B1 EP 0160600B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
uprights
upright
main
auxiliary
articulated
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP85400661A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0160600A2 (en
EP0160600A3 (en
Inventor
Gérard Stoltz
Denyse Stoltz
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
CESSIONE;ETABLISSEMENTS TESTARD ET COMPAGNIE
Original Assignee
Gérard Stoltz
Denyse Stoltz
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Gérard Stoltz, Denyse Stoltz filed Critical Gérard Stoltz
Priority to AT85400661T priority Critical patent/ATE37739T1/en
Publication of EP0160600A2 publication Critical patent/EP0160600A2/en
Publication of EP0160600A3 publication Critical patent/EP0160600A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0160600B1 publication Critical patent/EP0160600B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06C—LADDERS
    • E06C1/00—Ladders in general
    • E06C1/02—Ladders in general with rigid longitudinal member or members
    • E06C1/38—Special constructions of ladders, e.g. ladders with more or less than two longitudinal members, ladders with movable rungs or other treads, longitudinally-foldable ladders
    • E06C1/383—Foldable ladders in which the longitudinal members are brought together on folding
    • E06C1/3835—Foldable ladders in which the longitudinal members are brought together on folding having collapsible steps comprising a hinge in their central part

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a foldable stepladder.
  • step ladders are not always absolutely perfect as evidenced by document FR-A-2401 302 where only one auxiliary amount is provided.
  • the object of the present invention is to remedy these drawbacks.
  • the auxiliary uprights are hinged together around an axis in their middle part to present in the deployed service position the shape of a cross, said auxiliary uprights being connected from said point of mutual articulation to the central upright by a link.
  • the opening of the stepladder is total and simultaneous during the opening of the auxiliary uprights by spreading the main uprights.
  • the stability is excellent the rear auxiliary uprights forming a three-branch triangulation with the spacer rod.
  • stepladder Since the stepladder does not require any locking, its opening and closing can be carried out in a single maneuver.
  • a stepladder which comprises two main uprights 1 and 2, a central upright 3 and steps in two parts 4 and 5 which are each pivoted, of a on the one hand, on the main uprights around axes 6, 7, respectively perpendicular to the plane of the main uprights 1, 2 and in fact generally horizontal, on the other hand, on the central upright around axes 8, parallel to said axes 6 and 7.
  • the steps 4, 5 have in cross section a trapezoidal shape with a flat support part.
  • the two branches 11 and 12 of a compass which are articulated together around an axis 13, said branches whose length is greater than parts 4 and 5 of the steps form an angle, the point of which is directed upwards to engage in a corresponding housing provided at the base of the central upright 3 when the stepladder is in the unfolded position (Fig. 2).
  • auxiliary uprights 14, 15 which rest on the ground by their other end 16, 17, said auxiliary uprights being hinged together in their middle part around d 'an axis 18 to present in the deployed service position (Fig. 2) the shape of a cross.
  • the auxiliary uprights 14, 15 are connected from the articulation axis 18 by a link 19 to the central upright 3.
  • one of the ends of the link 19 is articulated around an axis 20 mounted on a yoke 21 itself articulated on the axis 18 for connecting the auxiliary uprights 14, 15, at its other end the link 19 is articulated on an axis 23 engaged on the central upright 3.
  • auxiliary uprights 14, 15 (FIG. 4, 5) on the upper part of the main uprights 1, 2 is produced by means of hinges 24, 25.
  • Each hinge such as 24 has an axis 26 and two branches 27, 28 which are articulated respectively around an axis 29 on the main upright 1, and around an axis 30 on the auxiliary upright 14, 15.
  • the axis 26 of the hinge 24, 25 is perpendicular to the axes 29 and 30 of articulation on the main upright 1, 2 and on the auxiliary upright 14, 15.
  • a cross member 32 is hinged around an axis 31 (Fig. 1, 2, 3) consisting of a U-shaped profile, the other end of which is removably attached to the upright 2 by means of a pin 33 connected to said upright by a chain 34.
  • the cross member 32 constitutes a gutter capable of supporting
  • the device according to the invention operates in the following manner.
  • stepladder When the stepladder is in the folded position as shown in FIG. 1, it suffices to move the main uprights 1, 2 laterally apart from one another so that the two parts 4, 5 of the steps occupy a horizontal position service and that the two arms of the compass 11, 12 abut by their top against the central upright 3.
  • the spacer rod 19 with the auxiliary uprights 14, 15 form a triangulation with three branches which ensures excellent stability of the stepladder.

Landscapes

  • Ladders (AREA)
  • Air Bags (AREA)
  • Table Devices Or Equipment (AREA)
  • Gloves (AREA)
  • Pens And Brushes (AREA)
  • Cartons (AREA)
  • Food-Manufacturing Devices (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to a foldable stepladder constituted by: a first pair of two main uprights, a plurality of steps, a device for maintaining said steps in their unfolded configuration, a second pair of two auxiliary uprights, wherein the auxiliary uprights are articulated at one of their ends on the upper part of the main uprights and they are articulated on each other about a pin in their median part to present, in unfolded position of use, the form of a cross, said auxiliary uprights being connected from said mutual pivot point to the central upright by a connecting rod. The invention is more particularly applicable to the manufacture of foldable stepladders.

Description

La présente invention a pour objet un escabeau repliable.The present invention relates to a foldable stepladder.

On connaît des échelle-escabeaux repliables qui sont constituées par:

  • - une première paire de deux montants principaux, généralement parallèles,
  • - une pluralité d'échelons, chacun d'eux comportant deux parties articulées, d'une part, l'une sur l'un des montants principaux, l'autre sur l'autre montant principal, d'autre part, entre elles et sur un montant central généralement, parallèle aux montants principaux et auxdites parties de chaque échelon,
  • - un dispositif de maintien desdites échelons dans leur configuration déployée,
  • - une deuxième paire de deux montants auxiliaires associés auxdits montants principaux pour maintenir dans leur position d'utilisation ces montants principaux et lesdits échelons,
  • - un compas à deux branches mutuellement articulées et articulées chacune sur l'un des montants auxiliaires, afin, en service, de maintenir écartés ces montants auxiliaires (Voir notamment FR-A-1 247 207).
Collapsible ladders are known which are constituted by:
  • - a first pair of two main uprights, generally parallel,
  • - a plurality of steps, each of them comprising two articulated parts, on the one hand, one on one of the main amounts, the other on the other main amount, on the other hand, and on a central upright generally, parallel to the main uprights and said parts of each level,
  • a device for maintaining said steps in their deployed configuration,
  • a second pair of two auxiliary uprights associated with said main uprights to maintain in their position of use these main uprights and said steps,
  • - a compass with two mutually articulated and articulated branches each on one of the auxiliary uprights, in order, in service, to keep these auxiliary uprights apart (see in particular FR-A-1 247 207).

Toutefois ces échelle-escabeaux repliables comportent des moyens de mise en position de service et de rangement relativement compliqués et dont la manoeuvre est particulièrement malaisée.However, these foldable ladder-stepladders comprise means of placing in the relatively complicated service and storage position, the maneuver of which is particularly awkward.

Par ailleurs, la stabilité de ces échelles-escabeaux n'est pas toujours absolument parfaite comme en témoigne le document FR-A-2401 302 où il n'est prévu qu'un seul montant auxiliaire.Furthermore, the stability of these step ladders is not always absolutely perfect as evidenced by document FR-A-2401 302 where only one auxiliary amount is provided.

La présente invention a pour objet de remédier à ces inconvénients.The object of the present invention is to remedy these drawbacks.

Conformément à la présente invention, les montants auxiliaires sont articulés entre eux autour d'un axe dans leur partie médiane pour présenter en position déployée de service la forme d'une croix, lesdits montants auxiliaires étant reliés à partir dudit point d'articulation mutuel au montant central par une biellette.According to the present invention, the auxiliary uprights are hinged together around an axis in their middle part to present in the deployed service position the shape of a cross, said auxiliary uprights being connected from said point of mutual articulation to the central upright by a link.

Avec le dispositif suivant l'invention, l'ouverture de l'escabeau est totale et simultanée lors de l'ouverture des montants auxiliaires en écartant les montants principaux.With the device according to the invention, the opening of the stepladder is total and simultaneous during the opening of the auxiliary uprights by spreading the main uprights.

La stabilité est excellente les montants auxiliaires arrière formant une triangulation à trois branches avec la biellette d'écartement.The stability is excellent the rear auxiliary uprights forming a three-branch triangulation with the spacer rod.

L'escabeau ne nécessitant aucun verrouillage, son ouverture et sa fermeture peuvent être effectuées en une seule manoeuvre.Since the stepladder does not require any locking, its opening and closing can be carried out in a single maneuver.

D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention seront mieux compris à la lecture de la description qui va suivre d'un mode de réalisation, et en se référant aux dessins annexés sur lesquels;

  • - la figure 1 est une vue de l'escabeau en élévation latérale et en position repliée.
  • - la figure 2 est une vue de l'escabeau en élévation arrière et en position dépliée pour son utilisation.
  • - la figure 3 est une vue de dessus montrant la traverse supérieure amovible,
  • - la figure 4 est une vue à plus grande échelle en élévation montrant les moyens d'articulations des montants,
  • - la figure 5 est une vue en coupe suivant la ligne V-V de la figure 4.
Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will be better understood on reading the description which follows of an embodiment, and with reference to the appended drawings in which;
  • - Figure 1 is a view of the stepladder in side elevation and in the folded position.
  • - Figure 2 is a view of the stepladder in rear elevation and in the unfolded position for its use.
  • FIG. 3 is a top view showing the removable upper cross member,
  • FIG. 4 is a view on a larger scale in elevation showing the means of articulation of the uprights,
  • - Figure 5 is a sectional view along the line VV of Figure 4.

Aux figures 1,2,4 et 5 on a représenté, un escabeau suivant l'invention qui comprend deux montants principaux 1 et 2, un montant central 3 et des marches en deux parties 4 et 5 qui sont montées chacune pivotantes, d'une part, sur les montants principaux autour d'axes 6, 7, respectivement perpendiculaires au plan des montants principaux 1, 2 et en fait généralement horizontaux, d'autre part, sur le montant central autour d'axes 8, parallèles aux dits axes 6 et 7.In Figures 1,2,4 and 5 there is shown a stepladder according to the invention which comprises two main uprights 1 and 2, a central upright 3 and steps in two parts 4 and 5 which are each pivoted, of a on the one hand, on the main uprights around axes 6, 7, respectively perpendicular to the plane of the main uprights 1, 2 and in fact generally horizontal, on the other hand, on the central upright around axes 8, parallel to said axes 6 and 7.

Les marches 4, 5 présentent en section transversale une forme trapézoïdale avec une partie plate d'appui.The steps 4, 5 have in cross section a trapezoidal shape with a flat support part.

A la partie inférieure des montants principaux sont articulées autour d'axes 9,10, les deux branches 11 et 12 d'un compas qui sont articulées entre elles autour d'un axe 13, lesdites branches dont la longueur est supérieure aux parties 4 et 5 des marches forment un angle dont la pointe est dirigée vers le haut pour s'engager dans un logement correspondant prévu à la base du montant central 3 lorsque l'escabeau est en position dépliée (Fig. 2).At the lower part of the main uprights are articulated around axes 9, 10, the two branches 11 and 12 of a compass which are articulated together around an axis 13, said branches whose length is greater than parts 4 and 5 of the steps form an angle, the point of which is directed upwards to engage in a corresponding housing provided at the base of the central upright 3 when the stepladder is in the unfolded position (Fig. 2).

A la partie supérieure des montants principaux 1, sont articulées à l'une de leurs extrémités des montants auxiliaires 14, 15 qui reposent sur le sol par leur autre extrémité 16, 17, lesdits montants auxiliaires étant articulés entre eux dans leur partie médiane autour d'un axe 18 pour présenter en position déployée de service (Fig. 2) la forme d'une croix. Les montants auxiliaires 14, 15 sont reliés à partir de l'axe d'articulation 18 par une biellette 19 au montant central 3. A cet effet, l'une des extrémités de la biellette 19 est articulée autour d'un axe 20 monté sur une chape 21 elle-même articulée sur l'axe 18 de liaison des montants auxiliaires 14, 15, à son autre extrémité la biellette 19 est articulée sur un axe 23 engagé sur le montant central 3.At the upper part of the main uprights 1, are articulated at one of their ends auxiliary uprights 14, 15 which rest on the ground by their other end 16, 17, said auxiliary uprights being hinged together in their middle part around d 'an axis 18 to present in the deployed service position (Fig. 2) the shape of a cross. The auxiliary uprights 14, 15 are connected from the articulation axis 18 by a link 19 to the central upright 3. For this purpose, one of the ends of the link 19 is articulated around an axis 20 mounted on a yoke 21 itself articulated on the axis 18 for connecting the auxiliary uprights 14, 15, at its other end the link 19 is articulated on an axis 23 engaged on the central upright 3.

L'articulation des montants auxiliaires 14, 15 (Fig.4, 5) sur la partie supérieure des montants principaux 1, 2 est réalisée au moyen de charnières 24, 25. Chaque charnière telle que 24 comporte un axe 26 et deux branches 27, 28 qui sont articulées respectivement autour d'un axe 29 sur le montant principal 1, et autour d'un axe 30 sur le montant auxiliaire 14, 15.The articulation of the auxiliary uprights 14, 15 (FIG. 4, 5) on the upper part of the main uprights 1, 2 is produced by means of hinges 24, 25. Each hinge such as 24 has an axis 26 and two branches 27, 28 which are articulated respectively around an axis 29 on the main upright 1, and around an axis 30 on the auxiliary upright 14, 15.

L'axe 26 de la charnière 24, 25 est perpendiculaire aux axes 29 et 30 d'articulation sur le montant principal 1, 2 et sur le montant auxiliaire 14, 15.The axis 26 of the hinge 24, 25 is perpendicular to the axes 29 and 30 of articulation on the main upright 1, 2 and on the auxiliary upright 14, 15.

A la partie supérieure du montant principal 1, est articulée autour d'un axe 31 une traverse 32 (Fig. 1, 2, 3) constituée d'un profilé en forme d'U dont l'autre extrémité est fixée de façon amovible sur le montant 2 au moyen d'une goupille 33 reliée audit montant par une chainette 34. La traverse 32 constitue une gouttière apte à supporter deAt the upper part of the main upright 1, a cross member 32 is hinged around an axis 31 (Fig. 1, 2, 3) consisting of a U-shaped profile, the other end of which is removably attached to the upright 2 by means of a pin 33 connected to said upright by a chain 34. The cross member 32 constitutes a gutter capable of supporting

petits objects et elle renforce la rigidité de l'escabeau.small objects and it reinforces the rigidity of the stepladder.

Le dispositif suivant l'invention fonctionne de la manière suivante.The device according to the invention operates in the following manner.

Lorsque l'escabeau se trouve en position repliée comme représenté à la figure 1, il suffit d'écarter latéralement l'un de l'autre les montants principaux 1, 2 afin que les deux parties 4, 5 des marches viennent occuper une position horizontale de service et que les deux branches du compas 11, 12 viennent en butée par leur sommet contre le montant central 3.When the stepladder is in the folded position as shown in FIG. 1, it suffices to move the main uprights 1, 2 laterally apart from one another so that the two parts 4, 5 of the steps occupy a horizontal position service and that the two arms of the compass 11, 12 abut by their top against the central upright 3.

Au cours du déplacement des montants 1, on provoque l'écartement des montants auxiliaires 14,15 qui pivotent autour de leur axe central 18 et le déplacement de la biellette 19 qui pivote autour des axes 20 et 23 pour occuper la position représentée à la figure 2.During the displacement of the uprights 1, the auxiliary uprights 14, 15 which pivot around their central axis 18 and the displacement of the rod 19 which pivots around the axes 20 and 23 are moved to occupy the position shown in the figure. 2.

La biellette d'écartement 19 avec les montants auxiliaires 14, 15 forment une triangulation à trois branches qui assure une excellente stabilité de l'escabeau.The spacer rod 19 with the auxiliary uprights 14, 15 form a triangulation with three branches which ensures excellent stability of the stepladder.

Ensuite la traverse 32 est montée et maintenue par sa goupille 33.Then the cross-member 32 is mounted and held by its pin 33.

Bien entendu, l'invention n'est pas limitative et l'homme de l'art pourra y apporter des modifications sans sortir du domaine de l'invention comme revendiquée, en particulier remplacer les charnières 24, 25 par des rotules.Of course, the invention is not limiting and those skilled in the art can make modifications without departing from the scope of the invention as claimed, in particular replacing the hinges 24, 25 with ball joints.

Claims (8)

1. Folding step ladder constituted by:
- a first pair of two generally parallel main uprights (1, 2),
- a plurality of steps, (4, 5) each one comprising two parts (4, 5) articulated on the one hand, one (4) on one of the main uprights (1), the other, on the other main upright (2), on the other hand, between them and on a central upright (3) generally parallel to the main uprights, about axes (6, 7, 8) perpendicular to the plane of said main uprights and to said parts of each step,
- a device for holding (11, 12) said steps in their folded out configuration,
- a second pair of two auxiliary uprights (14, 15) associated to said main uprights (1, 2) for holding said main uprights and said steps in their use position, said latter being articulated at one of their ends to the upper part of the main uprights (1, 2) and characterized in that the auxiliary uprights (14, 15) are inter-articulated about an axis (18) in their middle part, so as to present in the folded out position of use the shape of a cross, said auxiliary uprights (14, 15) being joined from said mutual point of articulation (18) to the central upright (3) via a connecting rod (19).
2. Folding step ladder according to claim 1, characterized in thatthe connecting rod (19) is articulated by one of its ends on an axis (23) fast with the central upright and by the other end about an axis (20) engaged on a yoke (21) which is itself articulated on the mutual connection axis (18) of the auxiliary uprights (14, 15).
3. Folding step ladder according to claim 1, characterized in that each auxiliary upright (14, 15) is articulated on the upper part of a main upright (1, 2) according to three perpendicular axes. 4. Folding step ladder according to claim 3, characterized in that the connection between each auxiliary upright (14, 15) and each main upright (1, 2) is achieved by means of a hinge (24, 25) of which the branches (28, 29) are mounted for pivoting on each main upright (1, 2) and on each auxiliary upright (14, 15) about an axis (29, 30) perpendicular to the axis (26) of the hinge.
5. Folding step ladder according to claim 1, characterized in that to the upper end of one of the main uprights (1, 2) one tie-piece (32) made frome a U-section is mounted for pivoting on one of its ends, the other end being adapted to be secured to the upper part of the other upright (1, 2) by means of a pin (33), said tie-piece (32) constituting a gutter capable of supporting small objects.
6. Folding step ladder according to claim 1, characterized in that the flat steps (4, 5) of the ladder are trapezoidal-shaped.
7. Folding ladder according to claim 1, characterized in that each auxiliary upright (14, 15) is articulated on the upper part of a main upright (1, 2) by means of ball joints.
EP85400661A 1984-04-25 1985-04-03 Folding step ladder Expired EP0160600B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT85400661T ATE37739T1 (en) 1984-04-25 1985-04-03 FOLDABLE STEPLADDER.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8406489A FR2563566B1 (en) 1984-04-25 1984-04-25 FOLDABLE STEP
FR8406489 1984-04-25

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0160600A2 EP0160600A2 (en) 1985-11-06
EP0160600A3 EP0160600A3 (en) 1986-07-23
EP0160600B1 true EP0160600B1 (en) 1988-10-05

Family

ID=9303464

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP85400661A Expired EP0160600B1 (en) 1984-04-25 1985-04-03 Folding step ladder

Country Status (10)

Country Link
US (1) US4569419A (en)
EP (1) EP0160600B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS60242288A (en)
AT (1) ATE37739T1 (en)
CA (1) CA1215951A (en)
DE (1) DE3565419D1 (en)
ES (1) ES295824Y (en)
FR (1) FR2563566B1 (en)
HU (1) HU192208B (en)
ZA (1) ZA852826B (en)

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US4947962A (en) * 1989-08-21 1990-08-14 Helsper Steve M Adjustable scaffold support
US5685394A (en) * 1994-03-29 1997-11-11 Simson; Bruce Norman Unwin Automatic blockading system device for ladders or folding portable stepladder in transversal sense
WO2003014516A1 (en) 2001-08-10 2003-02-20 Ghost Manufacturing Incorporated Collapsible step ladder and carrying case
US6866119B2 (en) * 2003-02-11 2005-03-15 Edward Zheng Ladder with side support enhancement
DE102007014826B3 (en) * 2007-03-28 2008-12-18 W+W Aufzugkomponenten Gmbh U. Co. Kg Collapsible step ladders for descent into hoistway pits
US8365865B2 (en) 2009-03-03 2013-02-05 Wing Enterprises, Inc. Adjustable ladders and related methods
ES2377615B1 (en) 2010-04-15 2012-12-04 Ajm Santos, S.L.L. FOLDING STAIRCASE.
WO2012033948A1 (en) 2010-09-08 2012-03-15 Lock N Climb, Llc Collapsible safe ladder
CN105121772B (en) * 2013-01-24 2017-05-17 伟英企业有限公司 adjustable ladders and related components
USD734500S1 (en) 2013-09-09 2015-07-14 Lock N Climb, Llc Ladder towing apparatus
USD733931S1 (en) 2013-09-09 2015-07-07 Lock N Climb, Llc Ladder towing apparatus
USD745191S1 (en) 2014-05-27 2015-12-08 Lock N Climb, Llc Ladder
US10100575B1 (en) 2016-02-19 2018-10-16 Blue Moon Designs, LLC Folding ladder with brace-locking apparatus
US20190383098A1 (en) * 2018-06-14 2019-12-19 Shou-I Sun Horizontally extendable ladder

Family Cites Families (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR773924A (en) * 1934-11-27
US419821A (en) * 1890-01-21 Neau burrows
US958732A (en) * 1908-03-06 1910-05-24 Dennis Novelty Ladder Company Ladder.
US1054108A (en) * 1912-05-16 1913-02-25 Lee O Garraway Folding step-ladder.
US1108896A (en) * 1913-12-01 1914-09-01 Lee Ozer Garraway Folding step-ladder.
US1337361A (en) * 1919-07-02 1920-04-20 Kasper Stanley Convertible ladder and bench
FR568061A (en) * 1923-06-29 1924-03-14 folding ladder
US1783686A (en) * 1928-03-17 1930-12-02 Samuel F Williams Folding ladder
US2184486A (en) * 1936-03-31 1939-12-26 Chew William Stepladder, trestle, and the like
GB763742A (en) * 1954-05-17 1956-12-19 Cyril Harcourt Matthews Improvements in or relating to step ladders
FR1247207A (en) * 1959-10-21 1960-11-25 ladder with folding elements on top of each other
US3084760A (en) * 1960-01-18 1963-04-09 Lamberti Battista Stepladder with folding elements
JPS50133060A (en) * 1974-03-14 1975-10-21
US3901354A (en) * 1974-07-05 1975-08-26 Alex J Grebausky Stepladder stabilizer

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS60242288A (en) 1985-12-02
ATE37739T1 (en) 1988-10-15
FR2563566A1 (en) 1985-10-31
ZA852826B (en) 1985-12-24
ES295824Y (en) 1987-12-16
ES295824U (en) 1987-06-16
HUT39494A (en) 1986-09-29
EP0160600A2 (en) 1985-11-06
EP0160600A3 (en) 1986-07-23
CA1215951A (en) 1986-12-30
DE3565419D1 (en) 1988-11-10
HU192208B (en) 1987-05-28
FR2563566B1 (en) 1987-06-26
US4569419A (en) 1986-02-11

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