EP0157901B1 - Fluidized-bed furnace - Google Patents

Fluidized-bed furnace Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0157901B1
EP0157901B1 EP84106553A EP84106553A EP0157901B1 EP 0157901 B1 EP0157901 B1 EP 0157901B1 EP 84106553 A EP84106553 A EP 84106553A EP 84106553 A EP84106553 A EP 84106553A EP 0157901 B1 EP0157901 B1 EP 0157901B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
combustion chamber
fluidised bed
furnace according
fluidised
bed furnace
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EP84106553A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0157901A2 (en
EP0157901A3 (en
Inventor
Hans-Rudolf Schenk
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Sulzer AG
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Gebrueder Sulzer AG
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Priority to AT84106553T priority Critical patent/ATE55474T1/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C6/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers or combustion zones, e.g. for staged combustion
    • F23C6/04—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers or combustion zones, e.g. for staged combustion in series connection
    • F23C6/045—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers or combustion zones, e.g. for staged combustion in series connection with staged combustion in a single enclosure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C10/00—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus
    • F23C10/002—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus for pulverulent solid fuel

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a fluidized bed combustion with a combustion chamber, the walls and the bottom of which are welded together in a gas-tight manner and carry wall tubes carrying a heat transfer medium, and the bottom of which has air passage openings, means for supplying fuel, additives and air being provided and in the combustion chamber above the fluidized bed an afterburner is formed (EP-A-0 064 092).
  • Another fluidized bed combustion is known in which the unburned fuel particles discharged from the fluidized bed are burned by means of at least one afterburner for liquid and / or gaseous pilot fuel, so that there is no recirculation of the unburned fuel particles.
  • this solution requires the use of the relatively complex afterburner and the consumption of a corresponding amount of additional fuel.
  • This static mixing device enables good homogenization of the gas stream flowing through it with a low pressure drop. It has been shown that these properties are retained even if the gas stream contains solid particles without the mixing devices becoming blocked during operation.
  • the mixing devices can be made from ceramic materials and / or high-temperature resistant steels and can therefore be designed without any problem for the temperatures up to approx. 900 ° C in the combustion chamber of a fluidized bed furnace.
  • the mixing and homogenization of the flue gas caused by them promotes - by breaking down cold zones and evenly distributing the oxygen - the combustion of the unburned fuel particles in the afterburning chamber without the flue gas flow being significantly disturbed. There is therefore no need to supply additional pilot fuel.
  • the static mixing devices contain no moving parts and therefore have practically no susceptibility to failure.
  • Another advantage of the invention lies in the compact design of the fluidized bed combustion.
  • a fluidized bed combustion which is provided with at least one gas swirling device arranged above the fluidized bed, which consists of a fixed blade ring.
  • the blades start from a central displacement body and extend to the surrounding wall of the furnace.
  • This swirling device is intended to impose a swirling motion on the rising flue gas, through which unburned particles contained in the flue gas stream are guided to the surrounding wall due to the centrifugal effect, where they burn out and / or fall back into the fluidized bed.
  • This device which acts essentially like a centrifugal separator and can be followed by a throttle plate with a central outlet, is also intended to ensure that unburned fuel particles do not get into colder parts of the system, such as cyclones or filters.
  • the fluidized bed furnace 1 has a combustion chamber 2 with a rectangular plan.
  • the combustion chamber 2 is surrounded by four vertical combustion chamber walls 3 ', 3 "and bounded at the bottom by a combustion chamber floor 4.
  • the combustion chamber walls 3,', 3" and the combustion chamber floor 4 consist of wall tubes 5 welded gas-tight by means of webs 6, these tubes in the area of the combustion chamber walls 3 ', 3 "run vertically and horizontally in the area of the combustion chamber base 4.
  • the wall tubes 5 of the two opposing combustion chamber walls 3 'each start from a horizontal cooling water distributor 13, which are fed by cooling water supply pipes 12. Above the pipes 5 of the two walls 3 'each lead to a horizontal collector 14 to which discharge pipes 15 are connected.
  • the two remaining combustion chamber walls 3 ′′ are bent at 90 ° to one another at their lower ends and are tightly connected to one another, so that
  • the combustion chamber 2 is delimited by a pyramid-shaped combustion chamber ceiling 11, from the upper central end of which a pull-in duct 10 branches off.
  • the combustion chamber walls 3 ′, 3 ′′, the combustion chamber base 4 and the combustion chamber ceiling 11 are welded together in a gas-tight manner.
  • an air box 90 is enclosed, to which a primary air supply pipe 8 is connected, which has a flap 8 'for adjusting the amount of air.
  • a primary air supply pipe 8 is connected, which has a flap 8 'for adjusting the amount of air.
  • an emptying pipe 16 is connected, which contains a slide 17.
  • the air box 90 is connected to the combustion chamber 2 via through openings 91 in the webs 6 of the combustion chamber base 4.
  • a cover plate 92 is arranged above each passage opening 91, which is welded to two adjacent wall tubes 5 and spans the opening 91.
  • the combustion chamber 2 is divided into two areas, namely a lower area occupied by the fluidized bed 18 and an area above it, which forms the afterburning space 19.
  • two inclined pouring tubes 7 protrude into the afterburning space 19 and end close above the fluidized bed 18.
  • flag-like heating surface tubes 25 are arranged which penetrate the two combustion chamber walls 3 'and are separated by horizontal heating surface distributors 26 and above horizontal heating surface collectors 27.
  • the heating surface tubes 25 run parallel to the combustion chamber walls 3 ′′.
  • the heating surface distributors 26 and heating surface collectors 27 are located outside the combustion chamber 2 and are connected to water supply pipes 28 or discharge pipes 29.
  • Several horizontal secondary air supply pipes 20 are located in the afterburning chamber 19, and several oblique secondary air supply pipes 21 are located slightly below them.
  • the pipes 20 and 21 penetrate the combustion chamber walls 3 'and are connected to horizontal secondary air distributors 22 which run parallel to the combustion chamber walls 3' and to each of which a secondary air feed pipe 23 opens. All tubes 7, 20, 21 and 25 penetrate the associated combustion chamber walls 3 'or 3 "in the area of the webs 6 and are welded to them in a gas-tight manner.
  • each mixing device 30 On the horizontal secondary air supply pipes 20, three static mixing devices 30 are arranged, which cover the entire cross section of the afterburning space 19 and are guided on the combustion chamber walls 3 ', 3 ".
  • the dead weight is sufficient for their attachment.
  • the construction of each mixing device 30 results as an example from FIG 2.
  • the static mixing device consists of a plurality of vertical surface elements 31 with mutually parallel, inclined guide elements 32 which are welded at right angles to the surface elements 31.
  • the surface elements 31 are arranged next to one another in an alternating manner such that the guide elements 32 cross each other Fluid bed 18 ascending flue gas stream 18 in the mixing device is divided into many partial streams crossing each other at approximately 90 °
  • the three mixing devices 30 are stacked on top of one another in Fig. 1 in such a way that the vertical surface elements 31 of the one mixing device are combined with those of the adjacent mixing device ng include an angle other than zero; this is 45 ° in FIG. 1. This ensures effective mixing of the flue gas in all directions.
  • the fluidized bed firing according to FIG. 1 works as follows:
  • a quantity of air determined by the position of the flap 8 ′ is blown into the air box 90 from a blower (not shown) through the primary air supply pipe 8.
  • the slide 17 is tightly closed, so that an overpressure arises in the air box.
  • the air flows through the through openings 91 into the combustion chamber 2, the cover plates 92 ensuring a good distribution of the primary air in the fluidized bed 18.
  • the fluidized bed consists of granular coal and granular aggregates, which are fed in via the pouring tubes 7. Under the action of the primary air, the coal and the aggregates are whirled up within the combustion chamber 2 and form a fluidized fluidized bed, which behaves practically like a liquid, in a known manner with the correct choice of air pressure and air quantity.
  • the fluidized bed 18 is then ignited, the coal burning and the aggregates binding sulfur compounds and other polluting products of the combustion.
  • the resulting flue gas escapes upwards.
  • some unburned coal particles with a maximum diameter of 0.5 mm are swept away by the flue gas.
  • the afterburning of these entrained coal particles is now initiated in the downstream static mixing device 30, still in the afterburning chamber 19, by uniformly distributing the coal particles and the air contained in the flue gas and mixing them well and by homogenizing the flue gas temperature to cool the areas-in which could not cause combustion of the coal particles can be avoided.
  • the complete combustion of the coal particles ignited thereby is brought about by secondary combustion air which is blown into the afterburning space 19 upstream of the static mixing device 30 from a source (not shown) via the feed pipes 23, the distributors 22, the oblique secondary air supply pipes 21 and the horizontal secondary air supply pipes 20.
  • the static mixing devices 30 thus result in the virtually complete combustion of the unburned coal particles contained in the flue gas, even within the combustion chamber 2, without additional devices and / or additional energy consumption being necessary.
  • the part of the afterburning space 19 which extends above the static mixing devices 30 allows a sufficient period of time in which the coal particles ignited in the static mixing devices 30 burn completely before they reach the outlet of the combustion chamber 2.
  • the flue gas which is now free from incompletely burned coal particles, flows from the combustion chamber ceiling 11 into the exhaust duct 10.
  • the heat generated by the combustion in the fluidized bed is constantly conducted in a known manner by the water flowing in the wall tubes 5 and in the heating surface tubes 25, which may evaporate.
  • the water or the steam flows in opposite directions in adjacent tubes, so that a uniform temperature distribution is ensured, and thermal stresses are avoided.
  • the general direction of flow is always from bottom to top, i.e. from the cooling water supply pipes 12 via the cooling water distributors 13 to the collectors 14 and the discharge pipes 15.
  • the water or steam flows essentially from the bottom up, namely from the cooling water supply pipe 28 via the heating surface distributor 26 and from the heating surface pipes 25 the heating surface collector 27 to the feed pipes 29.
  • the cover plates 92 prevent the fluidized bed material from flowing off into the air box 90. Via the emptying pipe 16, when the slide valve 17 is open, access to the air box 90 is ensured for cleaning and emptying any residues.
  • the secondary air supply pipes 20 and 21 can be perforated within the combustion chamber 2, which may improve the secondary air distribution. It is also possible to divide the fluidized bed 18 into different sectors in a known manner by means of partitions in order to improve the operation at part load. In this case, it is expedient to also blow in the secondary air sector by sector by means of valves arranged outside the combustion chamber 2, corresponding to the respective working sectors of the fluidized bed 18, the static mixing devices 30 not having to be taken into account, which is a further advantage of the invention.
  • mixing devices according to FIG. 3 can also be used in the combustion chamber 2.
  • vertical plates 37 and 38 formed from inclined mixing tubes 35 are present in the mixing device, the tubes 37 rising from right to left in the panels 37 and from left to right in the panels 38.
  • the panels 37 and 38 are arranged parallel to one another and alternately with one another. Slots 36 in the tubes 35 connect the spaces between the panels 37 and 38 with the interior of the mixing tubes 35. At their lower ends, most of the mixing tubes 35 of a panel open into a distributor 39.
  • the distributors 39 are an extension of the horizontal secondary air supply tubes 20 according to FIG 1 arranged.
  • the secondary air is blown directly into the static mixing device and mixed with the flue gas; the secondary air introduction via the oblique secondary air supply pipes 21 in FIG. 1 can be omitted.
  • the fluidized bed firing described is of the static type, ie without recirculation of the bed material within the bed. Like the static mixing devices, it can have configurations other than those shown here. For example, atmospheric fluidized bed firing systems operating under pressure are possible. It is also possible to use combustion chambers that have cross sections that change with height.
  • the combustion chamber floor can be designed independently of the combustion chamber walls or these can be spiral-shaped instead of vertical tubes.
  • the combustion chamber floor can be designed to be displaceable in the vertical direction or have closable openings through which the bed material passes through the funnel 9 and the drain pipe 16 can be drained.
  • the bed material can be fine powder; the fuel can even be liquid instead of granular and can be blown into the fluidized bed, for example, from the bottom up with the help of carrier air, which also acts as secondary air.
  • the static mixer can extend to the top of the combustion chamber. It can be hung on the combustion chamber ceiling using cooled pipes or uncooled rods. Additional heating surfaces can also be installed above the static mixing device.
  • static mixing devices can be arranged with or without spacing next to one another in the afterburner.
  • the static mixing device may, instead, frictionally rrohren by its own weight with the Sekundär Kunststoffzufu h and / or be connected to the combustion chamber walls.

Abstract

1. A fluidised bed furnace comprising a combustion chamber having walls and a floor made up of wall tube which are welded to one another in gas-tight manner and convey a heat transfer medium, and the floor has air openings, means for supplying fuel, additives and air being provided and a post-combustion chamber being formed in the combustion chamber above the fluidised bed, characterised in that at least one static mixer (30) is disposed in the post-combustion chamber (19) and comprises vertical panels (31, 32; 37, 38) distributed over the entire cross-section of the post-combustion chamber (19) and leaving intersecting ducts between them, the flue gas flow rising from the fluidised bed (18) being divided into a number of repeatedly intersecting sub-flows in the ducts.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Wirbelbettfeuerung mit einer Brennkammer, deren Wände und deren Boden aus miteinander gasdicht verschweissten, ein Wärmeübertragungsmittel führenden Wandrohren besteht und deren Boden Luftdurchtrittsöffnungen aufweist, wobei Mittel zum Zuführen von Brennstoff, Zuschlagstoffen und Luft vorgesehen sind und wobei in der Brennkammer oberhalb des Wirbelbettes ein Nachbrennraum gebildet ist (EP-A-0 064 092).The invention relates to a fluidized bed combustion with a combustion chamber, the walls and the bottom of which are welded together in a gas-tight manner and carry wall tubes carrying a heat transfer medium, and the bottom of which has air passage openings, means for supplying fuel, additives and air being provided and in the combustion chamber above the fluidized bed an afterburner is formed (EP-A-0 064 092).

Abhängig von der Art des verwendeten Brennstoffes und der Menge der in das Wirbelbett eingeblasenen Luft werden im Betrieb der Feuerung feine, unverbrannte Brennstoffteilchen aus dem Wirbelbett ausgetragen, wodurch Verluste entstehen, die zu einer Verschlechterung des Wirkungsgrades führen.Depending on the type of fuel used and the amount of air blown into the fluidized bed, fine, unburned fuel particles are discharged from the fluidized bed during operation of the furnace, which results in losses which lead to a deterioration in efficiency.

In einer bekannten Wirbelbettfeuerung werden diese unverbrannten Brennstoffteilchen in einem Zyklon und/oder in einem im kalten Bereich des Rauchgases angeordneten Filter vom Rauchgas abgeschieden und zum Wirbelbett zurückgeführt. Die dazu notwendige Einrichtung ist jedoch aufwendig und eine völlige Unterbindung des beschriebenen Austragens ist nicht möglich. Am häufigsten werden Brennstoffteilchen mit einem Durchmesser bis etwa 0,5 mm rezirkuliert. Diese Teilchen sind sehr abrasiv, was zu Erosionen besonders in der Rezirkulationseinrichtung und an den Wärmeübertragungsflächen führt.In a known fluidized bed furnace, these unburned fuel particles are separated from the flue gas in a cyclone and / or in a filter arranged in the cold area of the flue gas and returned to the fluidized bed. However, the equipment required for this is complex and it is not possible to completely prevent the discharge described. Most often, fuel particles with a diameter of up to about 0.5 mm are recirculated. These particles are very abrasive, which leads to erosion, particularly in the recirculation device and on the heat transfer surfaces.

Es ist eine andere Wirbelbettfeuerung bekannt, in der die aus dem Wirbelbett ausgetragenen, unverbrannten Brennstoffteilchen mittels mindestens eines Nachbrenners für flüssigen und/oder gasförmigen Zündbrennstoff verbrannt werden, so dass eine Rezirkulation der unverbrannten Brennstoffteilchen entfällt. Diese Lösung bedingt aber den Einsatz der relativ aufwendigen Nachbrenner sowie den Verbrauch einer entsprechenden Menge zusätzlichen Brennstoffs.Another fluidized bed combustion is known in which the unburned fuel particles discharged from the fluidized bed are burned by means of at least one afterburner for liquid and / or gaseous pilot fuel, so that there is no recirculation of the unburned fuel particles. However, this solution requires the use of the relatively complex afterburner and the consumption of a corresponding amount of additional fuel.

Es ist daher Aufgabe der Erfindung, eine Anwesenheit von unverbrannten Brennstoffteilchen im Rauchgas auf einfache und kostengünstige Art sowie ohne zusätzliche Energiezufuhr soweit zu verringern, dass eine Rezirkulation von Brennstoffteilchen überflüssig wird, wobei ausserdem der Wirkungsgrad der Wirbelbettfeuerung vergrössert wird.It is therefore an object of the invention to reduce the presence of unburned fuel particles in the flue gas in a simple and cost-effective manner and without additional energy supply to such an extent that recirculation of fuel particles becomes superfluous, and the efficiency of the fluidized bed combustion is also increased.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäss durch die Merkmale des Kennzeichens des Anspruchs 1 gelöst. Diese statische Mischvorrichtung ermöglicht bei geringem Druckverlust eine gute Homogenisierung des durch sie hindurchfliessenden Gasstromes. Es hat sich gezeigt, dass diese Eigenschaften auch erhalten bleiben, wenn der Gasstrom feste Teilchen enthält, ohne dass die Mischvorrichtungen während des Betriebs verstopfen. Die Mischvorrichtungen können aus keramischen Werkstoffen und/oder hochtemperaturbeständigen Stählen hergestellt werden und können somit problemlos für die in der Brennkammer einer Wirbelbettfeuerung vorkommenden Temperaturen bis ca 900°C ausgelegt werden. Die von ihnen verursachte Durchmischung und Homogenisierung des Rauchgases fördert-durch das Abbauen von Kaltzonen und das gleichmässige Verteilen des Sauerstoffes-die Verbrennung der unverbrannten Brennstoffteilchen in dem Nachbrennraum, ohne dass der Rauchgasstrom wesentlich gestört wird. Es erübrigt sich also eine Zufuhr von zusätzlichem Zündbrennstoff. Die statischen Mischvorrichtungen enthalten keine beweglichen Teile und weisen deswegen praktisch keine Störungsanfälligkeit auf.According to the invention, this object is achieved by the features of the characterizing part of claim 1. This static mixing device enables good homogenization of the gas stream flowing through it with a low pressure drop. It has been shown that these properties are retained even if the gas stream contains solid particles without the mixing devices becoming blocked during operation. The mixing devices can be made from ceramic materials and / or high-temperature resistant steels and can therefore be designed without any problem for the temperatures up to approx. 900 ° C in the combustion chamber of a fluidized bed furnace. The mixing and homogenization of the flue gas caused by them promotes - by breaking down cold zones and evenly distributing the oxygen - the combustion of the unburned fuel particles in the afterburning chamber without the flue gas flow being significantly disturbed. There is therefore no need to supply additional pilot fuel. The static mixing devices contain no moving parts and therefore have practically no susceptibility to failure.

Es hat sich ferner gezeigt, dass durch das Anordnen der statischen Mischvorrichtung im Nachbrennraum, der einen grossen Querschnitt aufweist, in dem das Rauchgas sich relativ langsam bewegt und die Dichte der unverbrannten Brennstoffteilchen sehr gering ist, die Abnutzung infolge Erosion unwesentlich ist. Dies gilt auch dann, wenn der Nachbrennraum gegenüber dem Wirbelbett etwas eingeschnürt ist. Sollte die statische Mischvorrichtung durch Korrosion und/oder Erosion abgenutzt werden, so liesse sie sich auf einfache und rasche Art ersetzen.It has also been shown that by arranging the static mixing device in the afterburning chamber, which has a large cross section, in which the flue gas moves relatively slowly and the density of the unburned fuel particles is very low, the wear due to erosion is immaterial. This also applies if the afterburner is somewhat constricted compared to the fluidized bed. If the static mixing device is worn out by corrosion and / or erosion, it could be replaced in a simple and quick manner.

Ein weiterer Vorteil der Erfindung liegt in der kompakten Bauweise der Wirbelbettfeuerung.Another advantage of the invention lies in the compact design of the fluidized bed combustion.

Aus der DE-OS 27 13 082 ist eine Wirbelbettfeuerung bekannt, die mit mindestens einer oberhalb des Wirbelbettes angeordneten Gasverwirbelungsvorrichtung versehen ist, die aus einem feststehenden Schaufelkranz besteht. Die Schaufeln gehen von einem zentralen Verdrängungskörper aus und reichen bis zur Umfassungswand der Feuerung. Mittels dieser Verwirbelungsvorrichtung soll dem aufsteigenden Rauchgas eine Drallbewegung aufgezwungen werden, durch die im Rauchgasstrom enthaltene, unverbrannte Partikel wegen der Zentrifugalwirkung auf die Umfassungswand geleitet werden, wo sie ausbrennen und/oder in das Wirbelbett zurückfallen. Durch diese im wesentlichen wie ein Zentrifugalabscheider wirkende Vorrichtung, der eine Drosselplatte mit zentralem Austritt nachgeschaltet sein kann, soll ebenfalls erreicht werden, dass keine unverbrannten Brennstoffpartikel in kältere Anlageteile, wie Zyklone oder Filter gelangen.From DE-OS 27 13 082 a fluidized bed combustion is known, which is provided with at least one gas swirling device arranged above the fluidized bed, which consists of a fixed blade ring. The blades start from a central displacement body and extend to the surrounding wall of the furnace. This swirling device is intended to impose a swirling motion on the rising flue gas, through which unburned particles contained in the flue gas stream are guided to the surrounding wall due to the centrifugal effect, where they burn out and / or fall back into the fluidized bed. This device, which acts essentially like a centrifugal separator and can be followed by a throttle plate with a central outlet, is also intended to ensure that unburned fuel particles do not get into colder parts of the system, such as cyclones or filters.

Anhand der Zeichnung wird nun die Erfindung an einem Ausführungsbeispiel beschrieben. Es zeigen, jeweils schematisch:

  • Fig. 1: einen vertikalen Schnitt durch eine Wirbelbettfeuerung nach der Erfindung,
  • Fig. 2: einen perspektivischen Ausschnitt einer statischen Mischvorrichtung und
  • Fig. 3: einen perspektivischen Ausschnitt einer abgewandelten statischen Mischvorrichtung.
The invention will now be described using an exemplary embodiment with reference to the drawing. Each shows schematically:
  • 1: a vertical section through a fluidized bed combustion according to the invention,
  • 2: a perspective section of a static mixing device and
  • 3: a perspective section of a modified static mixing device.

Die Wirbelbettfeuerung 1 gemäss Fig. 1 weist eine Brennkammer 2 mit rechteckigem Grundriss auf. Die Brennkammer 2 ist von vier vertikalen Brennkammerwänden 3', 3" umgeben und nach unten von einem Brennkammerboden 4 begrenzt. Die Brennkammerwände 3,', 3" und der Brennkammerboden 4 bestehen aus mittels Stegen 6 gasdicht verschweissten Wandrohren 5, wobei diese Rohre im Bereich der Brennkammerwände 3', 3" vertikal und im Berich des Brennkammerbodens 4 horizontal verlaufen. Die Wandrohre 5 der beiden sich gegenüberstehenden Brennkammerwände 3' gehen unten von je einem horizontalen Kühlwasserverteiler 13 aus, die durch Kühlwasserzufuhrrohre 12 gespeist werden. Oben münden die Rohre 5 der beiden Wände 3' in je einen horizontalen Sammler 14, an die Abfuhrrohre 15 angeschlossen sind. Die zwei übrigen Brennkammerwände 3" sind an ihren unteren Enden um 90° gegeneinander gebogen und miteinander dicht verbunden, so dassThe fluidized bed furnace 1 according to FIG. 1 has a combustion chamber 2 with a rectangular plan. The combustion chamber 2 is surrounded by four vertical combustion chamber walls 3 ', 3 "and bounded at the bottom by a combustion chamber floor 4. The combustion chamber walls 3,', 3" and the combustion chamber floor 4 consist of wall tubes 5 welded gas-tight by means of webs 6, these tubes in the area of the combustion chamber walls 3 ', 3 "run vertically and horizontally in the area of the combustion chamber base 4. The wall tubes 5 of the two opposing combustion chamber walls 3 'each start from a horizontal cooling water distributor 13, which are fed by cooling water supply pipes 12. Above the pipes 5 of the two walls 3 'each lead to a horizontal collector 14 to which discharge pipes 15 are connected. The two remaining combustion chamber walls 3 ″ are bent at 90 ° to one another at their lower ends and are tightly connected to one another, so that

jeweils ein Rohr 5 der einen Brennkammerwand 3" mit einem Rohr 5 der anderen Brennkammerwand 3" verbunden ist. Die oberen Enden der Rohre 5 der einen Brennkammerwand 3" sind abwechselnd mit einem horizontalen Kühlwasserverteiler 13' und einem horizontalen Sammler 14' verbunden. Das Gleiche ist mit den oberen Enden der Rohre 5 der anderen Brennkammerwand 3" der Fall, so dass einander benachbarte Rohre der beiden Wände 3" in entgegengesetzen Richtungen vom Kühlwasser durchströmt werden, das über Zuführrohre 12' in den zugehörigen Verteiler gelangt.in each case a tube 5 of one combustion chamber wall 3 "is connected to a tube 5 of the other combustion chamber wall 3". The upper ends of the pipes 5 of one combustion chamber wall 3 "are alternately connected to a horizontal cooling water distributor 13 'and a horizontal collector 14'. The same is the case with the upper ends of the pipes 5 of the other combustion chamber wall 3", so that adjacent pipes of the two walls 3 "are flowed through in opposite directions by the cooling water which reaches the associated distributor via feed pipes 12 '.

Am oberen Ende ist die Brennkammer 2 von einer pyramidenförmigen Brennkammerdecke 11 begrenzt, von deren oberen zentralen Ende ein Anzugkanal 10 abzweigt. Die Brennkammerwände 3', 3", der Brennkammerboden 4 und die Brennkammerdecke 11 sind miteinander gasdicht verschweisst.At the upper end, the combustion chamber 2 is delimited by a pyramid-shaped combustion chamber ceiling 11, from the upper central end of which a pull-in duct 10 branches off. The combustion chamber walls 3 ′, 3 ″, the combustion chamber base 4 and the combustion chamber ceiling 11 are welded together in a gas-tight manner.

Zwischen dem Brennkammerboden 4 und einem die Form einer umgekehrten Pyramide aufweisenden Trichter 9 ist ein Luftkasten 90 eingeschlossen, an dem ein Primärluftzufuhrrohr 8 angeschlossen ist, das eine Klappe 8' zum Verstellen der Luftmenge aufweist. Am tiefsten Punkt des Trichters 9 ist ein Entleerungsrohr 16) angeschlossen, das einen Schieber 17 enthält. Der Luftkasten 90 ist über Durchtrittsöffnungen 91 in den Stegen 6 des Brennkammerbodens 4 mit der Brennkammer 2 verbunden. Oberhalb jeder Durchtrittsöffnung 91 ist ein Deckblech 92 angeordnet, das an zwei benachbarten Wandrohren 5 angeschweisst ist und die Oeffnung 91 überspannt.Between the combustion chamber floor 4 and a funnel 9 having the shape of an inverted pyramid, an air box 90 is enclosed, to which a primary air supply pipe 8 is connected, which has a flap 8 'for adjusting the amount of air. At the lowest point of the funnel 9, an emptying pipe 16) is connected, which contains a slide 17. The air box 90 is connected to the combustion chamber 2 via through openings 91 in the webs 6 of the combustion chamber base 4. A cover plate 92 is arranged above each passage opening 91, which is welded to two adjacent wall tubes 5 and spans the opening 91.

Die Brennkammer 2 ist in zwei Bereiche unterteilt, nämlich einem unteren, vom Wirbelbett 18 eingenommenen Bereich und einem darüber liegenden, den Nachbrennraum 19 bildenden Bereich.The combustion chamber 2 is divided into two areas, namely a lower area occupied by the fluidized bed 18 and an area above it, which forms the afterburning space 19.

Durch jede der beiden Brennkammerwände 3" hindurch ragen zwei schräge Schüttrohre 7 in den Nachbrennraum 19 und enden nahe über dem Wirbelbett 18. Im Bereich des Wirbelbettes 18 sind fahnenartige Heizflächenrohre 25 angeordnet, die die beiden Brennkammerwände 3' durchstossen und von horizontalen Heizflächenverteilern 26 sowie darüberliegenden horizontalen Heizflächensammlern 27 ausgehen. Die Heizflächenrohre 25 verlaufen parallel zu den Brennkammerwänden 3". Die Heizflächenverteiler 26 und Heizflächensammler 27 befinden sich ausserhalb der Brennkammer 2 und stehen in Verbindung mit Wasserzufuhrrohren 28 bzw. -abfuhrrohren 29. In den Nachbrennraum 19 ragen ferner mehrere auf gleicher Höhe befindliche, horizontale Sekundärluftzufuhrrohre 20 und etwas darunterliegend mehrere schräge Sekundärluftzufuhrrohre 21. Die Rohre 20 und 21 durchdringen die Brennkammerwände 3' und sind mit parallel zu den Brennkammerwänden 3' verlaufenden horizontalen Sekundärluftverteilern 22 verbunden, an die je ein Sekundärlufteinspeiserohr 23 mündet. Alle Rohre 7, 20, 21 und 25 durchstossen die zugehörigen Brennkammerwände 3' oder 3" im Bereich der Stege 6 und sind mit diesen gasdicht verschweisst.Through each of the two combustion chamber walls 3 ", two inclined pouring tubes 7 protrude into the afterburning space 19 and end close above the fluidized bed 18. In the area of the fluidized bed 18, flag-like heating surface tubes 25 are arranged which penetrate the two combustion chamber walls 3 'and are separated by horizontal heating surface distributors 26 and above horizontal heating surface collectors 27. The heating surface tubes 25 run parallel to the combustion chamber walls 3 ″. The heating surface distributors 26 and heating surface collectors 27 are located outside the combustion chamber 2 and are connected to water supply pipes 28 or discharge pipes 29. Several horizontal secondary air supply pipes 20 are located in the afterburning chamber 19, and several oblique secondary air supply pipes 21 are located slightly below them. The pipes 20 and 21 penetrate the combustion chamber walls 3 'and are connected to horizontal secondary air distributors 22 which run parallel to the combustion chamber walls 3' and to each of which a secondary air feed pipe 23 opens. All tubes 7, 20, 21 and 25 penetrate the associated combustion chamber walls 3 'or 3 "in the area of the webs 6 and are welded to them in a gas-tight manner.

Auf den horizontalen Sekundärluftzufuhrrohren 20 sind drei statische Mischvorrichtungen 30 angeordnet, die den ganzen Querschnitt des Nachbrennraumes 19 überdecken und an den Brennkammerwänden 3', 3" geführt sind. Das Eigengewicht genügt für ihre Befestigung. Der Aufbau jeder Mischvorrichtung 30 ergibt sich als Beispiel aus Fig. 2. Die statische Mischvorrichtung besteht aus mehreren vertikalen Flächenelementen 31 mit zueinander parallelen, geneigt verlaufenden Leitelementen 32, die rechtwinklig auf den Flächenelementen 31 aufgeschweisst sind. Die Flächenelemente 31 sind nebeneinander abwechselnd so angeordnet, dass die Leitelemente 32 sich kreuzen. Dadurch wird der vom Wirbelbett 18 aufsteigende Rauchgasstrom in der Mischvorrichtung in viele sich unter ca. 90° kreuzende Teilströme aufgeteilt. Die drei Mischvorrichtungen 30 sind in Fig. 1 so aufeinander gestapelt, dass die vertikalen Flächenelemente 31 der einen Mischvorrichtung mit denjenigen der benachbarten Mischvorrichtung einen von Null verschiedenen Winkel einschliessen; dieser beträgt bei Fig. 1 45°. Hierdurch ist eine wirkungsvolle Durchmischung des Rauchgases in allen Richtungen gesichert.On the horizontal secondary air supply pipes 20, three static mixing devices 30 are arranged, which cover the entire cross section of the afterburning space 19 and are guided on the combustion chamber walls 3 ', 3 ". The dead weight is sufficient for their attachment. The construction of each mixing device 30 results as an example from FIG 2. The static mixing device consists of a plurality of vertical surface elements 31 with mutually parallel, inclined guide elements 32 which are welded at right angles to the surface elements 31. The surface elements 31 are arranged next to one another in an alternating manner such that the guide elements 32 cross each other Fluid bed 18 ascending flue gas stream 18 in the mixing device is divided into many partial streams crossing each other at approximately 90 ° The three mixing devices 30 are stacked on top of one another in Fig. 1 in such a way that the vertical surface elements 31 of the one mixing device are combined with those of the adjacent mixing device ng include an angle other than zero; this is 45 ° in FIG. 1. This ensures effective mixing of the flue gas in all directions.

Die Wirbelbettfeuerung gemäss Fig. 1 funktioniert wie folgt:The fluidized bed firing according to FIG. 1 works as follows:

Aus einem nicht gezeigten Gebläse wird durch das Primärluftzufuhrrohr 8 eine von der Stellung der Klappe 8' bestimmte Luftmenge in den Luftkasten 90 eingeblasen. Der Schieber 17 ist dabei dicht geschlossen, so dass im Luftkasten ein Ueberdruck entsteht. Die Luft strömt über die Durchtrittsöffnungen 91 in die Brennkammer 2, wobei die Deckbleche 92 eine gute Verteilung der Primärluft im Wirbelbett 18 gewährleisten. Das Wirbelbett besteht aus körniger Kohle und körnigen Zuschlagstoffen, die über die Schüttrohre 7 eingespeist werden. Unter der Wirkung der Primärluft werden die Kohle und die Zuschlagstoffe innerhalb der Brennkammer 2 aufgewirbelt und bilden auf bekannte Weise bei richtiger Wahl von Luftdruck und Luftmenge ein fluidiertes Wirbelbett, das sich praktisch wie eine Flüssigkeit verhält. Das Wirbelbett 18 wird dann gezündet, wobei die Kohle verbrennt und die Zuschlagstoffe Schwefelverbindungen und andere umweltverschmutzende Produkte der Verbrennung binden. Das dabei entstehende Rauchgas entweicht nach oben. Infolge des leichten Ueberdruckes des Wirbelbettes 18 gegenüber dem Nachbrennraum 19 werden zum Teil unverbrannte Kohleteilchen, die höchstens einen Durchmesser von 0,5 mm haben, vom Rauchgas mitgerissen. Die Nachverbrennung dieser mitgerissenen Kohleteilchen wird nun in der nachgeschalteten statischen Mischvorrichtung 30, noch im Nachbrennraum 19, eingeleitet, indem die Kohleteilchen und die im Rauchgas enthaltene Luft gleichmässig verteilt und miteinander gut vermischt werden und indem durch die Homogenisierung der Rauchgastemperatur die zu kalten Bereiche-in denen keine Verbrennung der Kohleteilchen zustande kommen könnte-vermieden werden. Die vollständige Verbrennung der dadurch gezündeten Kohleteilchen wird durch sekundäre Verbrennungsluft bewirkt, die aus einer nicht gezeigten Quelle über die Einspeiserohre 23, die Verteiler 22, die schrägen Sekundärluftzufuhrrohre 21 und die horizontalen Sekundärluftzufuhrrohre 20 in den Nachbrennraum 19 stromoberhalb der statischen Mischvorrichtung 30, eingeblasen wird. Die statischen Mischvorrichtungen 30 haben also die praktisch restlose Verbrennung der im Rauchgas enthaltenen unverbrannten Kohleteilchen noch innerhalb der Brennkammer 2 zur Folge, ohne dass zusätzliche Einrichtungen und/oder zusätzlicher Energieverbrauch notwendig wären. Der Teil des Nachbrennraumes 19, der sich oberhalb der statischen Mischvorrichtungen 30 erstreckt, gewährt eine ausreichende Zeitspanne, in der die in den statischen Mischvorrichtungen 30 gezündeten Kohleteilchen vollständig verbrennen, bevor sie den Austritt der Brennkammer 2 erreichen. Das nun von unvollständig verbrannten Kohleteilchen freie Rauchgas strömt, von der Brennkammerdecke 11 geführt, in den Abzugkanal 10.A quantity of air determined by the position of the flap 8 ′ is blown into the air box 90 from a blower (not shown) through the primary air supply pipe 8. The slide 17 is tightly closed, so that an overpressure arises in the air box. The air flows through the through openings 91 into the combustion chamber 2, the cover plates 92 ensuring a good distribution of the primary air in the fluidized bed 18. The fluidized bed consists of granular coal and granular aggregates, which are fed in via the pouring tubes 7. Under the action of the primary air, the coal and the aggregates are whirled up within the combustion chamber 2 and form a fluidized fluidized bed, which behaves practically like a liquid, in a known manner with the correct choice of air pressure and air quantity. The fluidized bed 18 is then ignited, the coal burning and the aggregates binding sulfur compounds and other polluting products of the combustion. The resulting flue gas escapes upwards. As a result of the slight overpressure of the fluidized bed 18 in relation to the afterburner 19, some unburned coal particles with a maximum diameter of 0.5 mm are swept away by the flue gas. The afterburning of these entrained coal particles is now initiated in the downstream static mixing device 30, still in the afterburning chamber 19, by uniformly distributing the coal particles and the air contained in the flue gas and mixing them well and by homogenizing the flue gas temperature to cool the areas-in which could not cause combustion of the coal particles can be avoided. The complete combustion of the coal particles ignited thereby is brought about by secondary combustion air which is blown into the afterburning space 19 upstream of the static mixing device 30 from a source (not shown) via the feed pipes 23, the distributors 22, the oblique secondary air supply pipes 21 and the horizontal secondary air supply pipes 20. The static mixing devices 30 thus result in the virtually complete combustion of the unburned coal particles contained in the flue gas, even within the combustion chamber 2, without additional devices and / or additional energy consumption being necessary. The part of the afterburning space 19 which extends above the static mixing devices 30 allows a sufficient period of time in which the coal particles ignited in the static mixing devices 30 burn completely before they reach the outlet of the combustion chamber 2. The flue gas, which is now free from incompletely burned coal particles, flows from the combustion chamber ceiling 11 into the exhaust duct 10.

Die durch die Verbrennung im Wirbelbett erzeugte Wärme wird ständig durch das in den Wandrohren 5 und in den Heizflächenrohren 25 fliessende Wasser, das gegebenenfalls verdampft, auf bekannte Weise angeführt. In den Wandrohren 5, die den Brennkammerboden 4 bilden, fliesst in einander benachbarten Rohren das Wasser oder der Dampf in entgegengesetzter Richtung, so dass eine gleichmässige Temperaturverteilung gewährleistet ist, und Wärmespannungen vermieden werden. In den übrigen Wandrohren 5 ist die allgemeine Flussrichtung stets von unten nach oben, d.h. von den Kühlwasserzufuhrrohren 12 über die Kühlwasserverteiler 13 zu den Sammlern 14 und die Abfuhrrohre 15. Auch in den Heizflächenrohren 25 fliesst das Wasser oder der Dampf im wesentlichen von unten nach oben, nämlich aus dem Kühlwasserzufuhrrohr 28 über den Heizflächenverteiler 26 und aus den Heizflächenrohren 25 über die Heizflächensammler 27 zu den Aufuhrrohren 29.The heat generated by the combustion in the fluidized bed is constantly conducted in a known manner by the water flowing in the wall tubes 5 and in the heating surface tubes 25, which may evaporate. In the wall tubes 5, which form the combustion chamber base 4, the water or the steam flows in opposite directions in adjacent tubes, so that a uniform temperature distribution is ensured, and thermal stresses are avoided. In the remaining wall pipes 5, the general direction of flow is always from bottom to top, i.e. from the cooling water supply pipes 12 via the cooling water distributors 13 to the collectors 14 and the discharge pipes 15. Also in the heating surface pipes 25, the water or steam flows essentially from the bottom up, namely from the cooling water supply pipe 28 via the heating surface distributor 26 and from the heating surface pipes 25 the heating surface collector 27 to the feed pipes 29.

Bei einer Unterbrechung der Luftzufuhr verhindern die Deckbleche 92 ein Abfliessen des Wirbelbettmaterials in den Luftkasten 90. Ueber das Entleerungsrohr 16 ist bei geöffneten Schieber 17 ein Zugang zum Luftkasten 90 zwecks Reinigung sowie Entleerung von allfälligen Rückständen gesichert.If the air supply is interrupted, the cover plates 92 prevent the fluidized bed material from flowing off into the air box 90. Via the emptying pipe 16, when the slide valve 17 is open, access to the air box 90 is ensured for cleaning and emptying any residues.

Die Sekundärluftzufuhrrohre 20 und 21 können innerhalb der Brennkammer 2 gelocht sein, was unter Umständen eine Verbesserung der Sekundärluftverteilung bewirkt. Es ist auch möglich das Wirbelbett 18 auf bekannte Weise mittels Trennwänden in verschiedene Sektoren aufzuteilen, um den Betrieb bei Teillast zu verbessern. In diesem Fall ist es zweckmässig, auch die Sekundärluft mittels ausserhalb der Brennkammer 2 angeordneter Ventile entsprechend den jeweils arbeitenden Sektoren des Wirbelbettes 18 sektorweise einzublasen, wobei die statischen Mischvorrichtungen 30 nicht berücksichtigt werden müssen, was ein weiterer Vorteil der Erfindung ist.The secondary air supply pipes 20 and 21 can be perforated within the combustion chamber 2, which may improve the secondary air distribution. It is also possible to divide the fluidized bed 18 into different sectors in a known manner by means of partitions in order to improve the operation at part load. In this case, it is expedient to also blow in the secondary air sector by sector by means of valves arranged outside the combustion chamber 2, corresponding to the respective working sectors of the fluidized bed 18, the static mixing devices 30 not having to be taken into account, which is a further advantage of the invention.

Anstelle der Mischvorrichtung nach Fig. 2 können auch Mischvorrichtungen nach Fig. 3 in der Brennkammer 2 verwendet werden. Gemäss Fig. 3 sind in der Mischvorrichtung aus geneigten Mischrohren 35 gebildete, vertikale Tafeln 37 und 38 vorhanden, wobei in den Tafeln 37 die Rohre von rechts nach links und in den Tafeln 38 von links nach rechts steigen. Die Tafeln 37 und 38 sind parallel zueinander und einander abwechselnd angeordnet. Schlitze 36 in den Rohren 35 verbinden die Räume zwischen den Tafeln 37 und 38 mit dem Inneren der Mischrohre 35. An ihren unteren Enden münden die meisten Mischrohre 35 einer Tafel in einen Verteiler 39. Die Verteiler 39 sind als Verlängerung der horizontalen Sekundärluftzufuhrrohre 20 gemäss Fig. 1 angeordnet. In dieser Variante wird also die Sekundärluft direkt in die statische Mischvorrichtung eingeblasen und mit dem Rauchgas vermischt; dabei kann die Sekundärlufteinführung über die schrägen Sekundärluftzufuhrrohre 21 in Fig. 1 entfallen. Das Aufeinanderstapeln von mehreren so ausgebildeten Mischvorrichtungen, wobei die Tafeln 37, 38 in einer Vorrichtung mit den Tafeln 37, 38 der vorhergehenden Vorrichtung einen von Null verschiedenen Winkel-vorzugsweise von 90°-einschliessen, führt zu einer in allen Richtungen optimalen Durchmischung von Sekundärluft und Rauchgas. Meistens genügt es, wenn die Sekundärluft lediglich bei der untersten Mischvorrichtung über die Verteiler 39 eingeführt wird, während in den darüber befindlichen Mischvorrichtungen die Verteiler 39 weggelassen werden, so dass diese Mischvorrichtungen von Tafeln gebildet werden, die nur aus den Mischrohren 35 bestehen, die an beiden Enden offen in die Brennkammer 2 münden.Instead of the mixing device according to FIG. 2, mixing devices according to FIG. 3 can also be used in the combustion chamber 2. 3, vertical plates 37 and 38 formed from inclined mixing tubes 35 are present in the mixing device, the tubes 37 rising from right to left in the panels 37 and from left to right in the panels 38. The panels 37 and 38 are arranged parallel to one another and alternately with one another. Slots 36 in the tubes 35 connect the spaces between the panels 37 and 38 with the interior of the mixing tubes 35. At their lower ends, most of the mixing tubes 35 of a panel open into a distributor 39. The distributors 39 are an extension of the horizontal secondary air supply tubes 20 according to FIG 1 arranged. In this variant, the secondary air is blown directly into the static mixing device and mixed with the flue gas; the secondary air introduction via the oblique secondary air supply pipes 21 in FIG. 1 can be omitted. The stacking of several mixing devices designed in this way, the boards 37, 38 in one device with the boards 37, 38 of the previous device including a non-zero angle, preferably 90 °, leads to optimal mixing of secondary air and in all directions Flue gas. In most cases, it is sufficient if the secondary air is only introduced at the lowest mixing device via the distributors 39, while in the mixing devices located above the distributors 39 are omitted, so that these mixing devices are formed by panels which consist only of the mixing tubes 35 which are on Both ends open into the combustion chamber 2.

Die beschriebene Wirbelbettfeuerung ist vom statischen Typ, d.h. ohne Rezirkulation des Bettmaterials innerhalb des Bettes. Sie kann wie die statischen Mischvorrichtungen andere als die hier gezeigten Ausgestaltungen aufweisen. Es sind beispielsweise atmosphärische wie auch unter Druck arbeitende Wirbelbettfeuerungen möglich. Es ist auch möglich, Brennkammern zu verwenden, die mit der Höhe sich ändernde Querschnitte aufweisen. Der Brennkammerboden kann unabhängig von den Brennkammerwänden ausgebildet sein oder diese können spiralförmig statt vertikal berohrt sein. Der Brennkammerboden kann in vertikaler Richtung verschiebbar ausgebildet sein oder schliessbare Oeffnungen aufweisen, über die das Bettmaterial durch den Trichter 9 und das Entleerungsrohr 16 abgelassen werden kann.The fluidized bed firing described is of the static type, ie without recirculation of the bed material within the bed. Like the static mixing devices, it can have configurations other than those shown here. For example, atmospheric fluidized bed firing systems operating under pressure are possible. It is also possible to use combustion chambers that have cross sections that change with height. The combustion chamber floor can be designed independently of the combustion chamber walls or these can be spiral-shaped instead of vertical tubes. The combustion chamber floor can be designed to be displaceable in the vertical direction or have closable openings through which the bed material passes through the funnel 9 and the drain pipe 16 can be drained.

Das Bettmaterial kann feinpulvrig sein; der Brennstoff kann sogar flüssig statt körnig sein und zum Beispiel von unten nach oben mit Hilfe von Tragluft, die gleichzeitig als Sekundärluft wirkt, in das Wirbelbett eingeblasen werden.The bed material can be fine powder; the fuel can even be liquid instead of granular and can be blown into the fluidized bed, for example, from the bottom up with the help of carrier air, which also acts as secondary air.

Die statische Mischvorrichtung kann sich bis zum oberen Ende der Brennkammer erstrecken. Sie kann an der Brennkammerdecke mittels gekühlter Rohre oder ungekühlter Stangen aufgehängt werden. Es können auch zusätzliche Heizflächen oberhalb der statischen Mischvorrichtung angebracht werden.The static mixer can extend to the top of the combustion chamber. It can be hung on the combustion chamber ceiling using cooled pipes or uncooled rods. Additional heating surfaces can also be installed above the static mixing device.

Mehrere statische Mischvorrichtungen können mit oder ohne Abstandnebeneinander im Nachbrennraum angeordnet sein. Die statische Mischvorrichtung kann, statt durch ihr Eigengewicht, kraftschlüssig mit den Sekundärluftzufuhrrohren und/oder mit den Brennkammerwänden verbunden werden.Several static mixing devices can be arranged with or without spacing next to one another in the afterburner. The static mixing device may, instead, frictionally rrohren by its own weight with the Sekundärluftzufu h and / or be connected to the combustion chamber walls.

Claims (9)

1. A fluidised bed furnace comprising a combustion chamber having walls and a floor made up of wall tubes which are welded to one another in gas-tight manner and convey a heat transfer medium, and the floor has air openings, means for supplying fuel, additives and air being provided and a post-combustion chamber being formed in the combustion chamber above the fluidised bed, characterised in that at least one static mixer (30) is disposed in the post-combustion chamber (19) and comprises vertical panels (31, 32; 37, 38) distributed over the entire cross- section of the post-combustion chamber (19) and leaving intersecting ducts between them, the flue gas flow rising from the fluidised bed (18) being divided into a number of repeatedly intersecting sub-flows in the ducts.
2. A fluidised bed furnace according to claim 1, characterised in that a space of at least half a metre and not more than three times the height of the fluidised bed is provided between the surface of the fluidised bed (18) in the fluidised state and the mixer (30).
3. A fluidised bed furnace according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the fluidised bed (18) is of the static type.
4. A fluidised bed furnace according to any of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the combustion chamber (2) has a supply (20, 21) of secondary combustion air.
5. A fluidised bed furnace according to claim 4, characterised in that the secondary combustion air supply is provided nearthe fluidised layer (18).
6. A fluidised bed furnace according to claim 4, characterised in that the secondary combustion air supply (20, 21) is provided between the fluidised bed (18) and the static mixer (30).
7. A fluidised bed furnace according to claim 6, characterised in that at least a part (21) of the secondary combustion air supply (20, 21) is directed towards the fluidised bed (18), preferably at an angle of 45°.
8. A fluidised bed furnace according to claim 4, characterised in that the static mixer (30) is constructed as a secondary combustion air supply.
9. A fluidised air furnace according to any of claims 6 to 8, characterised in that the static mixer (30) is supported by at least one tube of the secondary air supply (20, 21).
EP84106553A 1984-04-11 1984-06-07 Fluidized-bed furnace Expired - Lifetime EP0157901B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT84106553T ATE55474T1 (en) 1984-04-11 1984-06-07 FLUID BED FIRING.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH1816/84 1984-04-11
CH1816/84A CH662405A5 (en) 1984-04-11 1984-04-11 Fluid bed firing.

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EP0157901A2 EP0157901A2 (en) 1985-10-16
EP0157901A3 EP0157901A3 (en) 1987-05-06
EP0157901B1 true EP0157901B1 (en) 1990-08-08

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EP (1) EP0157901B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS60218507A (en)
AT (1) ATE55474T1 (en)
CH (1) CH662405A5 (en)
DE (1) DE3482955D1 (en)

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DE3726483A1 (en) * 1987-08-08 1989-02-16 Hoelter Heinz Process and device for reducing the formation of CO in the combustion process of fossil fuels, preferably coals
EP0319722A1 (en) * 1987-12-09 1989-06-14 Deutsche Kohle Marketing GmbH Steinkohlevertrieb-Wärmeversorgung Combustion chamber for an atmospheric stationary fluidized-bed furnace
DE3822999C1 (en) * 1988-07-07 1990-01-04 Vereinigte Kesselwerke Ag, 4000 Duesseldorf, De
CA2036747C (en) * 1990-02-22 1995-10-31 Yasuaki Harada Fluidized bed combustion method for burning wastes
EP0509364B1 (en) * 1991-04-15 1996-01-24 Ebara Corporation Incinerator
US5257585A (en) * 1991-04-15 1993-11-02 Ebara Corporation Incinerator

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GB1524154A (en) * 1976-03-26 1978-09-06 Rolls Royce Fluidised bed combustion apparatus
DE2810455B2 (en) * 1977-05-20 1980-01-10 Gebrueder Sulzer Ag, Winterthur (Schweiz) Device for mixing the dusty combustion gases in a flow channel of an incineration plant, in particular a waste incineration plant
CH652190A5 (en) * 1981-04-23 1985-10-31 Sulzer Ag STEAM GENERATOR WITH FLUIDIZED BURN FIRING.

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ATE55474T1 (en) 1990-08-15
EP0157901A3 (en) 1987-05-06
DE3482955D1 (en) 1990-09-13
JPS60218507A (en) 1985-11-01
CH662405A5 (en) 1987-09-30

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