EP0157150B1 - Descending device - Google Patents

Descending device Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0157150B1
EP0157150B1 EP85101937A EP85101937A EP0157150B1 EP 0157150 B1 EP0157150 B1 EP 0157150B1 EP 85101937 A EP85101937 A EP 85101937A EP 85101937 A EP85101937 A EP 85101937A EP 0157150 B1 EP0157150 B1 EP 0157150B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
rope
roping
pulleys
brake
pulley
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EP85101937A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0157150A1 (en
Inventor
Gerd-Eberhard Wagner
Wilhelm Ruetschi
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Individual
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Individual
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Priority to AT85101937T priority Critical patent/ATE36967T1/en
Publication of EP0157150A1 publication Critical patent/EP0157150A1/en
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62B—DEVICES, APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR LIFE-SAVING
    • A62B1/00—Devices for lowering persons from buildings or the like
    • A62B1/06—Devices for lowering persons from buildings or the like by making use of rope-lowering devices
    • A62B1/14—Devices for lowering persons from buildings or the like by making use of rope-lowering devices with brakes sliding on the rope

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a rappelling device according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Descenders of this type have the advantage of a significant friction surface between the braked sheaves and the rope around them, the braking force being evenly distributed over this area because the sheaves can only be rotated at the same peripheral speed. This advantage is only effective if static friction between the rope and the sheaves is ensured. If the limit of static friction is exceeded, the rope slides around the sheaves. Only the much smaller sliding friction works. The brake has no effect. The person hanging on the device falls and can almost reach the falling speed because he is only guided on the rope. The stiction required is quite substantial. For example, with a person weight of 70 kg, for a uniform sinking speed of 1 to 4 m / s, an output of approx. 0.7 to 2.5 kW must be destroyed by braking and therefore frictionally transmitted from the rope to the braked rope sheaves.
  • the two sheaves are arranged at a distance from each other so as to be rotatable about a stationary axis, and the rope runs straight from one sheave to the other.
  • a manually operated brake acts on one of the sheaves.
  • the rope is pressed against the other rope sheave by a freely rotatable, displaceably mounted, spring-loaded deflection and pressure roller. Since the roller is freely rotatable, only the surface part of the rope pressed against this sheave is effective for the static friction achieved by the roller, which extends over less than half the circumference of the rope cross-section along the pinched rope section, due to the small roller diameter is relatively short.
  • the tension of the rope running on the deflection and pressure roller when abseiling acts against the spring force and thus against the pressure force of the roller. This can be dangerous for the person rappelling if an assistant pulls on the lower end of the rope to prevent the person rappelling from swinging, or keeps the rope taut at an angle so that the abseiling path leads away from a burning building.
  • the brake which can be operated by hand, allows the person rappelling to adapt the braking force to their body weight. But the risk of incorrect operation, which can have life-threatening consequences, is particularly significant in the panic situation when abseiling from a burning building, especially since the person abseiling generally has no experience at all in operating the brakes and, in the event of unexpected braking behavior, even more in panic device.
  • those of the type mentioned at the outset have the advantage that the person abseiling can be prevented from swinging by an auxiliary person holding the lower end of the rope, and also at an angle and thus in the middle and lower part of the abseiling path at a distance, e.g. . B. from a burning building, can be roped off by an assistant holding the lower end of the rope at a distance from the building.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a rappelling device in which with simple, reliable means an uncontrollable sliding of the sheaves on the rope, which is life-threatening for the person rappelling, is prevented, even if an auxiliary person attacking the lower end of the rope Keeps the rope taut and at which the rate of descent when rappelling is practically independent of the weight of the person rappelling, without the need for manual control.
  • the one in claim 6 is particularly advantageous Specified embodiment of the abseiling device, in which the clamping force in the clamping gap is greater for a heavier, abseiling person than for a lighter one.
  • Advantages of further embodiments emerge from the description of the exemplary embodiments of the invention.
  • Figures 1 and 2 show the arrangement of the pulleys. Deflection rollers and brakes of the first and second exemplary embodiments, the illustration in FIG. 2 being simplified.
  • Fig. 1 the rope 1, which runs through the abseiling device in the direction of the arrows 2 drawn on the rope through the abseiling device, from an input opening 3 of the housing of the device, not shown in the rest. by a pair of guide rollers 4 and 5 of this S-shaped around the sheaves 6 and 7 of a pair of sheaves and by this through a second pair of guide rollers 8 and 9 to an output opening 10 of the housing.
  • the upper end of the rope is at the abseiling point, for rescue from fire hazard z. B. attached to a window opening or a balcony.
  • the deflection pulley pair 4 and 5 is arranged in relation to the rope pulley 6 and the deflection pulley pair 8 and 9 is arranged in relation to the rope pulley 7 such that the rope 1 wraps around each of the rope pulleys 6 and 7 along an arc of almost 270 °.
  • the deflection rollers 4, 5, 8 and 9 and the rope pulley 6 are rotatably mounted on axle journals 13-17, which are fastened on a support plate 18.
  • the pulley 7 is rotatably mounted on an axle 20 at the free end of a pivot lever 21 which is pivotable about a pin 22 fastened to the support plate 18 and is arranged obliquely to the connecting line of the axles 17 and 20 and transversely to the direction in which the rope 1 runs off the pulley 7. It is thereby achieved that the tension of the rope 1, which is generated by the device decelerating on the rope 1 with the person descending, exerts a torque (arrow 23) on the pivoting lever 21, through which the rope pulley 7 in the direction of the rope pulley 6 is pressed, which creates a clamping gap 24 between the sheaves 6 and 7, in which the rope 1 is clamped more firmly, the greater the weight G of the person hanging on the device.
  • Each of the sheaves 6 and 7 is rotatably connected to one of two gears 26 and 27, of which only the partial circles (in FIG. 2 the head circles) are shown in FIG. 1.
  • the gearwheels 26 and 27 mesh at the point which has the same distances from the rope pulley or gearwheel axes 17 and 20 as the clamping gap 24. This ensures that the rope pulleys 6 and 7 can inevitably only rotate together at opposite circumferential speeds. If, as in FIG. 1, the pulleys 6 and 7 have the same diameter, the gears mesh in the middle between the axes 17 and 20.
  • sheaves 6 and 7 have the same diameter in the examples, it may be advantageous to choose a diameter as large as possible for the sheave 7, the sheave 6 then being given a smaller diameter for spatial reasons. This is because the cable tensile force and thus also the force with which the cable is pressed against this cable pulley in the area of the wrap is greatest on this cable pulley 7, so that it can be advantageous to guide the cable on this cable pulley as large as possible , not only to choose the wrap angle as large as possible, namely almost 270 °, but also to choose the rope pulley diameter as large as possible.
  • a stop 28 limits the movement of the pivot lever 21 in the position in which the teeth of the gears 26 and 27 just just reliably interlock.
  • a pinion 29 which sits on the shaft 30 of the (not shown) rotor of a speed-dependent brake 31 attached to the rear of the support plate 18, which, for. B. is a centrifugal brake, but can also be a fluid brake.
  • a two-armed angle lever 33, 34 is rotatably mounted about a pin 35 fastened to the support plate 18.
  • At one lever arm 33 for the abseiling person z. B. hanged a seat belt or the like. So that the weight G of the person engages this lever arm 33 and the brake shoe 36 articulated on the other lever arm 34 presses more firmly against the peripheral edge of the flanges of the rope pulley 7, the greater the weight G. .
  • the brake 33-36 is preloaded by a tension spring 37 supported on the support plate 18.
  • both the speed-dependent brake 31 and the friction brake 33-37 act on both pulleys 6 and 7 to the same extent.
  • the point at which the force G acts on the lever arm 33 lies in alignment with the direction in which the rope 1 leaves the device through the exit opening 10, so that the device hangs on the rope 1 in use.
  • the jointly braked rope sheaves 6 and 7 are provided with a suitably cross-grooved friction lining (not shown).
  • the sheaves 6 and 7 can be provided with radial pins 38, only a few of which are shown, which engage in the rope 1 or in a suitable sheath of the rope 1 and which are particularly non-slip on the sheaves 6 and Hold 7.
  • the deflection roller 4 is arranged so close to the rope pulley 6 that the pins 38 are reliably pressed into the rope 1 or its jacket. as soon as it runs onto the pulley 6.
  • FIG. 2 the parts corresponding to the first exemplary embodiment are designated with the same reference numerals as in FIG. 1.
  • the statements made in connection with FIG. 1 apply analogously to these parts.
  • a second pair of cable pulleys 40, 41 is provided according to FIG. 2, around which the cable 1 is also guided in an S-shape.
  • These sheaves 40, 41 are also connected in a rotationally fixed manner to intermeshing gear wheels indicated at 42, 43, so that they can only be rotated together at opposite circumferential speeds, but independently of the sheave pair 6, 7.
  • the latter is important so that the rope is continuously tensioned from the point at which it runs on the rope pulley 40 to the point at which it runs off the rope pulley 7, in particular also on the rope pulley 6 in the tensioned state.
  • the rope pulley 41 is, according to the rope pulley 6, mounted on an axle pin 44 that is stationary in the housing, and the rope pulley 40 is rotatably mounted according to the rope disk 7 about an axle pin 46 attached to the free end of a pivoting lever 45.
  • the pivot lever 45 is pivotally mounted according to the pivot lever 21 about a fixed pin 47 in the housing.
  • the load-dependent, pre-tensioned brake 33-37 presses the cable pulley 40 in the direction of the cable pulley 41, so that both are braked the more and the cable G is clamped more firmly in the clamping gap 48 between the cable pulleys 40 and 41, the greater the weight G is.
  • This second embodiment has u. a. also the advantage that the rope 1 is tensioned when it runs on the rope sheave 6. A reliable sufficient static friction of the rope 1 in the device can be achieved without pins 38 (FIG.
  • pins 38 depending on the coefficient of friction of the rope material on the rope sheaves 6 and 7 or their friction lining and the diameter of these rope sheaves To avoid slippage between the rope 1 and the rope sheaves 6 and 7 may be necessary or useful for safety reasons.

Abstract

The rope (1) is guided through the nip (24) of a pair of pulleys (6, 7) and is otherwise extended in an S-shape about the pulleys (6, 7) of this pair. Each of these pulleys (6, 7) is connected for rotation with two gear wheels (26, 27) meshing with each other in the zone of the nip (24). Thereby high static friction is ensured between the rope (1) and the pulleys (6, 7), and a slippage of the rope (1) on the pulleys (6, 7), which is life-endangering for the descending person, is reliably prevented. A speed-dependent brake (31) and a brake (33-37) stressed by the weight (G) of the downwardly roping person effect a rate of descent that is extensively independent of this weight.

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Abseilvorrichtung nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The invention relates to a rappelling device according to the preamble of claim 1.

Abseilgeräte dieser Art haben den Vorteil einer nennenswerten Reibungsfläche zwischen den gebremsten Seilscheiben und dem um sie geführten Seil, wobei die Bremskraft gleichmässig auf diese Fläche verteilt ist, weil die Seilscheiben nur mit derselben Umfangsgeschwindigkeit drehbar sind. Dieser Vorteil kommt aber nur zur Wirkung, wenn Haftreibung zwischen dem Seil und den Seilscheiben sichergestellt ist. Wird die Grenze der Haftreibung überschritten, dann gleitet das Seil um die Seilscheiben. Es wirkt nur noch die sehr viel kleinere Gleitreibung. Die Bremse ist wirkungslos. Die am Gerät hängende Person stürzt ab, dabei kann sie fast die Fallgeschwindigkeit erreichen, weil sie am Seil nur noch geführt ist. Die erforderliche Haftreibung ist ganz erheblich. Beispielsweise muss bei einem Personengewicht von 70 kg für eine gleichförmige Sinkgeschwindigkeit von 1 bis 4 m/s eine Leistung von ca. 0,7 bis 2,5 kW durch Bremsen vernichtet und dazu durch Haftreibung also kraftschlüssig vom Seil an die gebremsten Seilscheiben übertragen werden.Descenders of this type have the advantage of a significant friction surface between the braked sheaves and the rope around them, the braking force being evenly distributed over this area because the sheaves can only be rotated at the same peripheral speed. This advantage is only effective if static friction between the rope and the sheaves is ensured. If the limit of static friction is exceeded, the rope slides around the sheaves. Only the much smaller sliding friction works. The brake has no effect. The person hanging on the device falls and can almost reach the falling speed because he is only guided on the rope. The stiction required is quite substantial. For example, with a person weight of 70 kg, for a uniform sinking speed of 1 to 4 m / s, an output of approx. 0.7 to 2.5 kW must be destroyed by braking and therefore frictionally transmitted from the rope to the braked rope sheaves.

Bei einer bekannten Abseilvorrichtung dieser Art (CH-PS 494 704) sind die beiden Seilscheiben in einem Abstand voneinander je um eine ortsfeste Achse drehbar angeordnet, und das Seil läuft geradlinig frei von der einen Seilscheibe zur anderen. Eine von Hand zu betätigende Bremse wirkt auf eine der Seilscheiben. Zur Erzielung der Haftreibung ist das Seil durch eine frei drehbare, verschiebbar gelagerte, federbelastete Umlenk-und Anpressrolle an die andere Seilscheibe gepresst. Da die Rolle frei drehbar ist ist für die durch die Rolle erzielte Haftreibung ausser deren Anpresskraft nur der an diese Seilscheibe gepresste Flächenteil des Seiles wirksam, der sich über weniger als die Hälfte des Umfangs des Seilquerschnitts längs des eingeklemmten Seilstückes erstreckt, das wegen des kleinen Rollendurchmessers verhältnismässig kurz ist. Die Spannung des beim Abseilen auf die Umlenk- und Anpressrolle laufenden Seiles wirkt gegen die Federkraft und damit gegen die Anpresskraft der Rolle. Das kann für die sich abseilende Person gefährlich werden, wenn eine Hilfsperson einen Zug auf das untere Seilende ausübt, um ein Pendeln der sich abseilenden Person zu verhindern, oder das Seil schräg gespannt hält, damit der Abseilweg schräg von einem brennenden Gebäude weg führt. Die von Hand zu bedienende Bremse ermöglicht es zwar der sich abseilenden Person, die Bremskraft ihrem Körpergewicht anzupassen. Aber das Risiko von Fehlbedienungen, die lebensgefährliche Folgen haben können, ist gerade in der Paniksituation beim Abseilen aus einem brennenden Gebäude erheblich, zumal die sich abseilende Person in aller Regel überhaupt keinerlei Erfahrung in der Bedienung der Bremse hat und bei unerwartetem Bremsverhalten noch mehr in Panik gerät.In a known abseiling device of this type (CH-PS 494 704), the two sheaves are arranged at a distance from each other so as to be rotatable about a stationary axis, and the rope runs straight from one sheave to the other. A manually operated brake acts on one of the sheaves. To achieve static friction, the rope is pressed against the other rope sheave by a freely rotatable, displaceably mounted, spring-loaded deflection and pressure roller. Since the roller is freely rotatable, only the surface part of the rope pressed against this sheave is effective for the static friction achieved by the roller, which extends over less than half the circumference of the rope cross-section along the pinched rope section, due to the small roller diameter is relatively short. The tension of the rope running on the deflection and pressure roller when abseiling acts against the spring force and thus against the pressure force of the roller. This can be dangerous for the person rappelling if an assistant pulls on the lower end of the rope to prevent the person rappelling from swinging, or keeps the rope taut at an angle so that the abseiling path leads away from a burning building. The brake, which can be operated by hand, allows the person rappelling to adapt the braking force to their body weight. But the risk of incorrect operation, which can have life-threatening consequences, is particularly significant in the panic situation when abseiling from a burning building, especially since the person abseiling generally has no experience at all in operating the brakes and, in the event of unexpected braking behavior, even more in panic device.

Von den Abseilvorrichtungen dieser Art sind solche zu unterscheiden, bei denen das Seil auf eine in der Vorrichtung angeordnete, gebremste Trommel gewickelt ist, von der es beim Abseilen abläuft. Dabei stellt sich das Problem einer zuverlässigen Haftreibung zwischen dem Seil und den Elementen der Vorrichtung nicht, doch stehen dem andere Nachteile gegenüber. So muss das Seil straff und genau Lage auf Lage auf die Trommel gewickelt sein. Andernfalls sind beim Abseilen plötzliche, ruckartige Beschleunigungen unvermeidbar, die nicht ungefährlich sind. Die Seiltrommel mit dem Seil ist für grosse Abseilhöhen relativ gross und schwer. Wenn eine Person sich z. B. bei Feuergefahr aus einem. Fenster abseilen will, ist eine grössere, schwerere Abseilvorrichtung nicht nur unbequem, sondern sogar gefährlich. Auch haben gegenüber solchen Abseilvorrichtungen diejenigen der eingangs genannten Art den Vorteil, dass ein Pendeln der sich abseilenden Person verhindert werden kann, indem eine Hilfsperson das untere Seilende festhält, und dass auch schräg und damit im mittleren und unteren Teil des Abseilwegs in einem Abstand, z. B. von einem brennenden Gebäude, abgeseilt werden kann, indem eine Hilfsperson das untere Seilende in einem Abstand vom Gebäude hält.A distinction must be made from rappelling devices of this type in which the rope is wound on a braked drum arranged in the device, from which it runs when rappelling. The problem of reliable static friction between the rope and the elements of the device does not arise, but there are other disadvantages. The rope must be wound tightly and precisely on the drum. Otherwise, sudden abrupt accelerations, which are not without dangers, are unavoidable when abseiling. The rope drum with the rope is relatively large and heavy for large abseiling heights. If a person z. B. in case of fire from one. Rappelling windows is a bigger, heavier rappelling device not only uncomfortable, but even dangerous. Also, compared to such abseiling devices, those of the type mentioned at the outset have the advantage that the person abseiling can be prevented from swinging by an auxiliary person holding the lower end of the rope, and also at an angle and thus in the middle and lower part of the abseiling path at a distance, e.g. . B. from a burning building, can be roped off by an assistant holding the lower end of the rope at a distance from the building.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Abseilvorrichtung zu schaffen, bei welcher mit einfachen, zuverlässigen Mitteln ein nicht mehr beeinflussbares Gleiten der Seilscheiben am Seil, das für die sich abseilende Person lebensgefährlich ist, verhindert wird, auch wenn eine am unteren Seilende angreifende Hilfsperson das Seil gespannt hält und bei der die Sinkgeschwindigkeit beim Abseilen praktisch unabhängig vom Gewicht der sich abseilenden Person ist, ohne dass es dazu einer Handreglung bedarf.The invention has for its object to provide a rappelling device in which with simple, reliable means an uncontrollable sliding of the sheaves on the rope, which is life-threatening for the person rappelling, is prevented, even if an auxiliary person attacking the lower end of the rope Keeps the rope taut and at which the rate of descent when rappelling is practically independent of the weight of the person rappelling, without the need for manual control.

Diese Aufgabe wird bei einer Abseilvorrichtung der eingangs genannten Art durch die im Anspruch 1 gekennzeichnete Erfindung gelöst. Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen dieser Erfindung sind Gegenstände der Ansprüche 2 bis 10.This object is achieved in a rappelling device of the type mentioned by the invention characterized in claim 1. Advantageous developments of this invention are the subject matter of claims 2 to 10.

Die durch die Erfindung erzielten Vorteile sind im wesentlichen darin zu sehen, dass im Klemmspalt einander gegenüber liegende Seiten des eingeklemmten Seilstückes je an einer der gebremsten Seilscheiben anliegen, und dass das eingeklemmte Seilstück wegen des grossen Seilscheibendurchmessers länger ist als an einer Umlenk- und Pressrolle, und dass mit der durch das Gewicht der sich abseilenden Person belasteten Bremse eine im wesentlichen optimale Abseilgeschwindigkeit sichergestellt werden kann, so dass leichte Personen, z. B. auch Kinder, nicht zu langsam und schwere Personen nicht übermässig schnell sinken. Wird die Bremse von Hand beeinflussbar ausgeführt, so kann dieser Einfluss auf einen für alle in Frage kommenden Personengewichte unbedenklichen Bereich beschränkt werden. Besonders vorteilhaft ist die im Anspruch 6 angegebene Ausführungsform der Abseilvorrichtung, bei der die Klemmkraft im Klemmspalt bei einer schwereren, sich abseilenden Person grösser ist als bei einer leichteren. Vorteile weiterer Ausführungsformen gehen aus der Beschreibung der Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung hervor.The advantages achieved by the invention are essentially to be seen in the fact that, in the clamping gap, opposite sides of the clamped-in rope piece each rest on one of the braked rope sheaves, and that the pinched rope piece is longer than a deflection and pressure roller because of the large rope disk diameter. and that with the brake loaded by the weight of the person descending a substantially optimal descent speed can be ensured, so that light people, e.g. B. also children, not too slow and heavy people do not sink excessively quickly. If the brake can be influenced by hand, this influence can be limited to a range that is harmless for all possible person weights. The one in claim 6 is particularly advantageous Specified embodiment of the abseiling device, in which the clamping force in the clamping gap is greater for a heavier, abseiling person than for a lighter one. Advantages of further embodiments emerge from the description of the exemplary embodiments of the invention.

Zwei Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung sind in den beiliegenden schematischen Zeichnungen dargestellt und werden im folgenden mit Hinweisen auf Varianten näher erläutert.Two exemplary embodiments of the invention are shown in the accompanying schematic drawings and are explained in more detail below with references to variants.

Figuren 1 und 2 zeigen die Anordnung der Seilscheiben. Umlenkrollen und Bremsen des ersten bzw. zweiten Ausführungsbeispiels, wobei die Darstellung in Fig. 2 vereinfacht ist.Figures 1 and 2 show the arrangement of the pulleys. Deflection rollers and brakes of the first and second exemplary embodiments, the illustration in FIG. 2 being simplified.

In Fig. 1 ist das Seil 1, das beim Abseilen in Richtung der auf das Seil gezeichneten Pfeile 2 durch die Abseilvorrichtung läuft, von einer Eingangsöffnung 3 des im übrigen nicht dargestellten Gehäuses der Vorrichtung. durch ein Umlenkrollenpaar 4 und 5 von diesem S-förmig um die Seilscheiben 6 und 7 eines Seilscheibenpaares und von diesem durch ein zweites Umlenkrollenpaar 8 und 9 zu einer Ausgangsöffnung 10 des Gehäuses geführt. Das obere Ende des Seiles wird an der Abseilstelle, zur Rettung aus Feuergefahr z. B. an einer Fensteröffnung oder einem Balkon befestigt. Das Umlenkrollenpaar 4 und 5 ist in bezug auf die Seilscheibe 6 und das Umlenkrollenpaar 8 und 9 ist in bezug auf die Seilscheibe 7 so angeordnet, dass das Seil 1 jede der Seilscheiben 6 und 7 längs eines Bogens von nahezu 270° umschlingt. Die Umlenkrollen 4, 5, 8 und 9 und die Seilscheibe 6 sind auf Achszapfen 13-17 drehbar gelagert, die auf einer Tragplatte 18 befestigt sind. Die Seilscheibe 7 ist auf einem Achszapfen 20 am freien Ende eines Schwenkhebels 21 drehbar gelagert, der um einen auf der Tragplatte 18 befestigten Zapfen 22 schwenkbar ist und schräg zur Verbindungslinie der Achszapfen 17 und 20 sowie quer zu der Richtung angeordnet ist, in der das Seil 1 von der Seilscheibe 7 abläuft. Dadurch wird erreicht, dass die Spannung des Seiles 1, welche durch die gebremst am Seil 1 sinkende Vorrichtung mit der sich abseilenden Person erzeugt wird, ein Drehmoment (Pfeil 23) auf den Schwenkhebel 21 ausübt, durch das die Seilscheibe 7 in Richtung auf die Seilscheibe 6 gedrückt wird, wodurch ein Klemmspalt 24 zwischen den Seilscheiben 6 und 7 entsteht, in dem das Seil 1 um so fester geklemmt wird, je grösser das Gewicht G der an der Vorrichtung hängenden Person ist. In diesem Sinne wirkt auch die weiter unten beschriebene vom Gewicht der sich abseilenden Person belastete Bremse 33-37.In Fig. 1, the rope 1, which runs through the abseiling device in the direction of the arrows 2 drawn on the rope through the abseiling device, from an input opening 3 of the housing of the device, not shown in the rest. by a pair of guide rollers 4 and 5 of this S-shaped around the sheaves 6 and 7 of a pair of sheaves and by this through a second pair of guide rollers 8 and 9 to an output opening 10 of the housing. The upper end of the rope is at the abseiling point, for rescue from fire hazard z. B. attached to a window opening or a balcony. The deflection pulley pair 4 and 5 is arranged in relation to the rope pulley 6 and the deflection pulley pair 8 and 9 is arranged in relation to the rope pulley 7 such that the rope 1 wraps around each of the rope pulleys 6 and 7 along an arc of almost 270 °. The deflection rollers 4, 5, 8 and 9 and the rope pulley 6 are rotatably mounted on axle journals 13-17, which are fastened on a support plate 18. The pulley 7 is rotatably mounted on an axle 20 at the free end of a pivot lever 21 which is pivotable about a pin 22 fastened to the support plate 18 and is arranged obliquely to the connecting line of the axles 17 and 20 and transversely to the direction in which the rope 1 runs off the pulley 7. It is thereby achieved that the tension of the rope 1, which is generated by the device decelerating on the rope 1 with the person descending, exerts a torque (arrow 23) on the pivoting lever 21, through which the rope pulley 7 in the direction of the rope pulley 6 is pressed, which creates a clamping gap 24 between the sheaves 6 and 7, in which the rope 1 is clamped more firmly, the greater the weight G of the person hanging on the device. The brake 33-37 described below, which is loaded by the weight of the person abseiling, also acts in this sense.

Jede der Seilscheiben 6 und 7 ist drehfest mit einem von zwei Zahnrädern 26 und 27 verbunden, von denen in Fig. 1 nur die Teilkreise (in Fig. 2 die Kopfkreise) dargestellt sind. Die Zahnräder 26 und 27 kämmen an der Stelle, die von den Seilscheiben- bzw. Zahnradachsen 17 und 20 dieselben Abstände hat wie der Klemmspalt 24. Dadurch wird erreicht, dass die Seilscheiben 6 und 7 sich zwangsläufig nur gemeinsam mit entgegengesetzt gleichen Umfangsgeschwindigkeiten drehen können. Wenn, wie in Fig. 1, die Seilscheiben 6 und 7 gleiche Durchmesser haben, kämmen die Zahnräder in der Mitte zwischen den Achsen 17 und 20.Each of the sheaves 6 and 7 is rotatably connected to one of two gears 26 and 27, of which only the partial circles (in FIG. 2 the head circles) are shown in FIG. 1. The gearwheels 26 and 27 mesh at the point which has the same distances from the rope pulley or gearwheel axes 17 and 20 as the clamping gap 24. This ensures that the rope pulleys 6 and 7 can inevitably only rotate together at opposite circumferential speeds. If, as in FIG. 1, the pulleys 6 and 7 have the same diameter, the gears mesh in the middle between the axes 17 and 20.

Obwohl in den Beispielen die Seilscheiben 6 und 7 gleiche Durchmesser haben, kann es vorteilhaft sein, für die Seilscheibe 7 einen möglichst grossen Durchmesser zu wählen, wobei die Seilscheibe 6 dann aus räumlichen Gründen einen kleineren Durchmesser erhält. An dieser Seilscheibe 7 ist nämlich die Seilzugkraft und damit auch die Kraft, mit der das Seil im Bereich der Umschlingung an diese Seilscheibe gedrückt wird, am grössten, so dass es vorteilhaft sein kann, das Seil an einem möglichst grossen Bogen an dieser Seilscheibe zu führen, also nicht nur den Umschlingungswinkel möglichst gross, nämlich nahezu 270°, sondern auch den Seilscheibendurchmesser möglichst gross zu wählen.Although the sheaves 6 and 7 have the same diameter in the examples, it may be advantageous to choose a diameter as large as possible for the sheave 7, the sheave 6 then being given a smaller diameter for spatial reasons. This is because the cable tensile force and thus also the force with which the cable is pressed against this cable pulley in the area of the wrap is greatest on this cable pulley 7, so that it can be advantageous to guide the cable on this cable pulley as large as possible , not only to choose the wrap angle as large as possible, namely almost 270 °, but also to choose the rope pulley diameter as large as possible.

Ein Anschlag 28 begrenzt die Bewegung des Schwenkhebels 21 in der Stellung, in welcher die Zähne der Zahnräder 26 und 27 gerade noch zuverlässig ineinander greifen.A stop 28 limits the movement of the pivot lever 21 in the position in which the teeth of the gears 26 and 27 just just reliably interlock.

Mit dem Zahnrad 26 kämmt ein Ritzel 29, das auf der Welle 30 des (nicht dargestellten) Rotors einer an der Rückseite der Tragplatte 18 angebrachten drehzahlabhängigen Bremse 31 sitzt, die z. B. eine Fliehkraftbremse ist, aber auch eine Flüssigkeitsbremse sein kann.With the gear 26 meshes a pinion 29, which sits on the shaft 30 of the (not shown) rotor of a speed-dependent brake 31 attached to the rear of the support plate 18, which, for. B. is a centrifugal brake, but can also be a fluid brake.

Ein zweiarmiger Winkelhebel 33, 34 ist um einen an der Tragplatte 18 befestigten Zapfen 35 drehbar gelagert. An den einen Hebelarm 33 wird für die abseilende Person z. B. ein Sitzgurt oder dgl. gehängt, so dass das Gewicht G der Person an diesem Hebelarm 33 angreift und die an den anderen Hebelarm 34 angelenkte Bremsbacke 36 um so fester an den Umfangsrand der Flanschen der Seilscheibe 7 drückt, je grösser das Gewicht G ist. Dadurch wird nicht nur eine gewichtsabhängige Bremsung erzielt, sondern auch das Seil 1 im Klemmspalt 24 um so fester geklemmt, je grösser das Gewicht G ist. Die Bremse 33-36 ist durch eine an der Tragplatte 18 abgestützte Zugfeder 37 vorbelastet. Weil die Seilscheiben 6 und 7 sich wegen der Zahnräder 26 und 27 zwangsläufig nur gemeinsam drehen können, wirkt sowohl die drehzahlabhängige Bremse 31 als auch die Reibungsbremse 33-37 auf beide Seilscheiben 6 und 7 in gleichem Masse. Die Stelle, an welcher die Kraft G am Hebelarm 33 angreift, liegt in einer Flucht mit der Richtung, in der das Seil 1 die Vorrichtung durch die Ausgangsöffnung 10 verlässt, so dass die Vorrichtung im Gebrauch gerade am Seil 1 hängt.A two-armed angle lever 33, 34 is rotatably mounted about a pin 35 fastened to the support plate 18. At one lever arm 33 for the abseiling person z. B. hanged a seat belt or the like. So that the weight G of the person engages this lever arm 33 and the brake shoe 36 articulated on the other lever arm 34 presses more firmly against the peripheral edge of the flanges of the rope pulley 7, the greater the weight G. . As a result, not only is weight-dependent braking achieved, but also the rope 1 is clamped more firmly in the clamping gap 24, the greater the weight G. The brake 33-36 is preloaded by a tension spring 37 supported on the support plate 18. Because the pulleys 6 and 7 can inevitably only rotate together because of the gears 26 and 27, both the speed-dependent brake 31 and the friction brake 33-37 act on both pulleys 6 and 7 to the same extent. The point at which the force G acts on the lever arm 33 lies in alignment with the direction in which the rope 1 leaves the device through the exit opening 10, so that the device hangs on the rope 1 in use.

Die gemeinsam gebremsten Seilscheiben 6 und 7 sind mit einem zweckmässig quer gerillten (nicht dargestellten) Reibbelag versehen. An dessen Stelle oder zusätzlich dazu können die Seilscheiben 6 und 7 mit radialen Stiften 38, von denen nur einige dargestellt sind, versehen sein, die in das Seil 1 oder in einen geeigneten Mantel des Seils 1 greifen und dasselbe besonders rutschfest an den Seilscheiben 6 und 7 halten. Die Umlenkrolle 4 ist so nahe der Seilscheibe 6 angeordnet, dass die Stifte 38 zuverlässig in das Seil 1 bzw. dessen Mantel gedrückt werden. sobald es auf die Seilscheibe 6 läuft.The jointly braked rope sheaves 6 and 7 are provided with a suitably cross-grooved friction lining (not shown). In its place or in addition thereto, the sheaves 6 and 7 can be provided with radial pins 38, only a few of which are shown, which engage in the rope 1 or in a suitable sheath of the rope 1 and which are particularly non-slip on the sheaves 6 and Hold 7. The deflection roller 4 is arranged so close to the rope pulley 6 that the pins 38 are reliably pressed into the rope 1 or its jacket. as soon as it runs onto the pulley 6.

Beim zweiten Ausführungsbeispiel nach Fig. 2 sind die dem ersten Ausführungsbeispiel entsprechenden Teile mit denselben Bezugszeichen bezeichnet wie in Fig. 1. Für diese Teile gilt das im Zusammenhang mit Fig. 1 Gesagte sinngemäss. Zusätzlich zu Fig. 1 ist nach Fig. 2 ein zweites Seilscheibenpaar 40, 41 vorgesehen, um welches das Seil 1 ebenfalls S-förmig geführt ist. Auch diese Seilscheiben 40, 41 sind drehfest mit miteinander kämmenden, bei 42,43 angedeuteten Zahnrädern verbunden, so dass sie nur gemeinsam mit entgegengesetzt gleichen Umfangsgeschwindigkeiten, aber unabhängig vom Seilscheibenpaar 6, 7 drehbar sind. Letzteres ist wichtig, damit das Seil von der Stelle, an der es auf die Seilscheibe 40 läuft, bis zu der Stelle, an der es von der Seilscheibe 7 abläuft, durchgehend gespannt ist, insbesondere auch im gespannten Zustand auf die Seilscheibe 6 läuft. Die Seilscheibe 41 ist entsprechend der Seilscheibe 6 an einem im Gehäuse ortsfesten Achszapfen 44 und die Seilscheibe 40 ist entsprechend der Seilscheibe 7 um einen am freien Ende eines Schwenkhebels 45 angebrachten Achszapfen 46 drehbar gelagert. Der Schwenkhebel 45 ist entsprechend dem Schwenkhebel 21 um einen im Gehäuse ortsfesten Zapfen 47 drehbar gelagert. Die lastabhängige, vorgespannte Bremse 33-37 drückt die Seilscheibe 40 in Richtung auf die Seilscheibe 41, so dass beide um so stärker gebremst und das Seil 1 im Klemmspalt 48 zwischen den Seilscheiben 40 und 41 um so fester geklemmt wird, je grösser das Gewicht G ist. Dieses zweite Ausführungsbeispiel hat gegenüber dem ersten u. a. auch den Vorteil, dass das Seil 1 gespannt ist, wenn es auf die Seilscheibe 6 läuft. Dabei kann ohne Stifte 38 (Fig. 1) eine zuverlässig ausreichende Haftreibung des Seils 1 in der Vorrichtung erzielt werden, während beim ersten Ausführungsbeispiel je nach dem Reibungskoeffizienten des Seilmaterials am den Seilscheiben 6 und 7 bzw. deren Reibbelag und dem Durchmesser dieser Seilscheiben Stifte 38 zur Vermeidung eines Schlupfes zwischen dem Seil 1 und den Seilscheiben 6 und 7 nötig oder sicherheitshalber zweckmässig sein können.In the second exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 2, the parts corresponding to the first exemplary embodiment are designated with the same reference numerals as in FIG. 1. The statements made in connection with FIG. 1 apply analogously to these parts. In addition to FIG. 1, a second pair of cable pulleys 40, 41 is provided according to FIG. 2, around which the cable 1 is also guided in an S-shape. These sheaves 40, 41 are also connected in a rotationally fixed manner to intermeshing gear wheels indicated at 42, 43, so that they can only be rotated together at opposite circumferential speeds, but independently of the sheave pair 6, 7. The latter is important so that the rope is continuously tensioned from the point at which it runs on the rope pulley 40 to the point at which it runs off the rope pulley 7, in particular also on the rope pulley 6 in the tensioned state. The rope pulley 41 is, according to the rope pulley 6, mounted on an axle pin 44 that is stationary in the housing, and the rope pulley 40 is rotatably mounted according to the rope disk 7 about an axle pin 46 attached to the free end of a pivoting lever 45. The pivot lever 45 is pivotally mounted according to the pivot lever 21 about a fixed pin 47 in the housing. The load-dependent, pre-tensioned brake 33-37 presses the cable pulley 40 in the direction of the cable pulley 41, so that both are braked the more and the cable G is clamped more firmly in the clamping gap 48 between the cable pulleys 40 and 41, the greater the weight G is. This second embodiment has u. a. also the advantage that the rope 1 is tensioned when it runs on the rope sheave 6. A reliable sufficient static friction of the rope 1 in the device can be achieved without pins 38 (FIG. 1), while in the first embodiment, pins 38 depending on the coefficient of friction of the rope material on the rope sheaves 6 and 7 or their friction lining and the diameter of these rope sheaves To avoid slippage between the rope 1 and the rope sheaves 6 and 7 may be necessary or useful for safety reasons.

Claims (10)

1. Roping-down device, in which the rope (1) is passed in an S-shaped path in a peripheral direction about one (6, 40) and in the opposite peripheral direction about the other (7, 41) of two rope pulleys (6, 7 ; 40, 41), which co-operate with a form-locking gear mechanism (26, 27 ; 42, 43) so that they can be rotated only in oppositely identical peripheral directions, a brake (33-37) acting on one (7 ; 40) of the two rope pulleys, characterised in that the rope (1), at the turning point in the S-shaped path is guided through a clamping gap (24 ; 48) formed between the rope pulleys (6, 7) and in that the brake (33-37) is loaded by the weight (G) of the person roping- down (Fig. 1).
2. Roping-down device according to Claim 1, characterised in that in addition to the two rope pulleys (6, 7), two rope pulleys (40, 41) are provided which form a second pair of rope pulleys, which co-operate with a second form-locking gear mechanism (42, 43) so that they are rotatable only at oppositely identical peripheral speeds, and in that the rope (1) is passed in an S-shaped pattern around the rope pulleys (40, 41) of the second pair of rope pulleys and that the turning point of the S-shape is passed through a second clamping gap (48) formed between these rope pulleys (40, 41) and from the second pair of rope pulleys (40, 41) to the first pair of rope pulleys (6, 7) and in that the brake (33-36) acts on the rope pulley (40) of the second pair of rope pulleys (40, 41) around which the rope (1) first runs during roping-down (Fig. 2).
3. Roping-down device according to Claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the rope (1) is looped around each of the rope pulleys (6, 7, 40, 41) along an arc of approximately 270°.
4. Roping-down device according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the rope pulleys (6, 7; 41, 42) have a preferably transversely grooved friction lining and/or pins (38) which penetrate into the rope (1) or the casing thereon.
5. Roping-down device according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterised in that each rope pulley of the or of each pair of rope pulleys (6, 7 ; 40, 41) is non-rotatably connected to one of two gear wheels (26, 27 ; 42, 43) which mesh with each other at a location spaced apart from the rope pulley spindles (17, 20 ; 44, 46) by the same distances as the clamping gap (24 ; 48).
6. Roping-down device according to one of Claims 1 to 5, characterised in that one rope pulley (6 ; 41) of the or of each pair of rope pulleys (6, 7 ; 40, 41) is mounted to rotate about a spindle (17 ; 44) which is stationary in the housing while the other rope pulley (7 ; 40) is mounted to rotate on the free end of a pivot lever (21 ; 45) on which the force and/or the tensile stress (2) of the rope (1) passed around the rope pulley (7 ; 40) and exerted on the rope pulley (7 ; 40) exerts a torque (23) by which this rope pulley (7 ; 40) is pressed in the direction of the rope pulley (6 ; 41) which is rotatable about the axis (17 ; 44) which is stationary in the housing.
7. Roping-down device according to Claim 6, characterised in that the movement of the pivot lever (21 ; 45) opposite to the torque (23) is limited by an abutment (28).
8. Roping-down device according to one of Claims 1 to 7, characterised by a rotary speed- dependent brake, preferably a centrifugal brake (31), of which the rotor shaft (30) is driven by one (6) of the rope pulleys (6, 7) through a form-locking step-up duomechanism (26, 29) the rotary speed of the rotor shaft (30) being a multiple of the rotary speed of the rope pulley (6).
9. Roping-down device according to one of Claims 1 to 8, characterised in that the brake (33-37) which is adapted to be loaded by the weight (G) of the person roping-down is pre-loaded by a spring (37).
10. Roping-down device according to one of Claims 1 to 8, characterised in that the brake shou (36) of the brake (33-37) which is to be loaded by the weight (G) of the person ropingdown is mounted on one arm (34) of a two-armed lever (33, 34) mounted (35) pivotally in the lower part of the roping-down device, the other arm (33) of the two-armed lever (33, 34) supporting a carrier, particularly a seat belt, for the person who is being roped-down.
EP85101937A 1984-03-02 1985-02-22 Descending device Expired EP0157150B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT85101937T ATE36967T1 (en) 1984-03-02 1985-02-22 DESCENDING DEVICE.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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CH1037/84 1984-03-02
CH103784 1984-03-02

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AT (1) ATE36967T1 (en)
DE (1) DE3564764D1 (en)

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EP0157150A1 (en) 1985-10-09
DE3564764D1 (en) 1988-10-13
ATE36967T1 (en) 1988-09-15
US4662475A (en) 1987-05-05

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