EP0156206B1 - Apparatus for grinding and compacting refuse - Google Patents

Apparatus for grinding and compacting refuse Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0156206B1
EP0156206B1 EP85102494A EP85102494A EP0156206B1 EP 0156206 B1 EP0156206 B1 EP 0156206B1 EP 85102494 A EP85102494 A EP 85102494A EP 85102494 A EP85102494 A EP 85102494A EP 0156206 B1 EP0156206 B1 EP 0156206B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
grinding
tank
refuse
grinder
liquid
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EP85102494A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0156206A3 (en
EP0156206A2 (en
Inventor
Rainer Kern
Gerhard Trittmacher
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Meiko Maschinen- und Apparatebau Ing Oskar Meier & Co GmbH
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Meiko Maschinen- und Apparatebau Ing Oskar Meier & Co GmbH
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Priority to AT85102494T priority Critical patent/ATE50519T1/en
Publication of EP0156206A2 publication Critical patent/EP0156206A2/en
Publication of EP0156206A3 publication Critical patent/EP0156206A3/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
    • B02C18/0084—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments specially adapted for disintegrating garbage, waste or sewage
    • B02C18/0092—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments specially adapted for disintegrating garbage, waste or sewage for waste water or for garbage

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a machine for crushing and compacting waste according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Such machines are used, for example, in canteen kitchens, snack bars and the like for removing food waste and disposable tableware and disposable cutlery made of plastic and paper.
  • the solid waste is compacted and emptied into a waste container, the liquid contained in the waste and the liquid used to operate the device is fed to the sewage system.
  • Machines used for this purpose are known from DE-A-2 005 252, DE-B-1 288 411, DE-A-2 453 341 and GB-A-1 162 467.
  • a big disadvantage of these machines is the very poor cleaning ability.
  • the rotor axes of the grinders are arranged vertically, obviously, so that the waste can be introduced directly in a simple manner and strikes the grinder directly.
  • this area i.e. on the bottom of the tank, however, all waste that has not yet been completely ground is collected when it is taken out of service and must be laboriously cleaned out of the cutting unit by hand.
  • This work is time-consuming, uncomfortable and unsanitary, especially when it comes to leftovers and kitchen waste, and there is also a certain risk of injury on the grinding tools of the grinding disc. If metallic cutlery or other metal parts are accidentally added, not only can these parts themselves be damaged, but also the grinder, which requires extensive repairs.
  • a machine according to the preamble of claim 1 is described in US-A-3 310 241.
  • the grinder is provided on an inner wall.
  • the shredded waste is introduced above the grinding disc through a short connecting channel into the lower start of the screw spindle.
  • the waste is fed in via a filling opening that is offset to the side of the grinding area and a filling ramp, with the waste hitting the water surface above the regulated water level.
  • a rotating disc is shown below the filling opening, which transports crockery and cutlery items into a separate unit via centrifugal forces at a wall point.
  • the invention has for its object to design a machine according to the preamble of claim 1 so that the drying press is integrated in the rest of the machine, in particular in the tank, the manufacture is cheaper, handling, hygiene and in particular the possibility of cleaning are improved.
  • the dry press is disposed opposite to the grinding disk, which rotates about a horizontal axis in order to produce in the tank a rotational flow around a horizontal axis, and additionally one of the Rotat i onsströmung superimposed horizontal flow towards the grinding disc.
  • the holding tank is divided into a grinding area and a pressing area by a partition.
  • the axis of the rotating grinding disk is aligned essentially at right angles to the screw spindle of the drying press, the tank area or grinding area in which the grinder is located being separated from the bottom area of the drying press or pressing area by a preferably removable perforated wall.
  • Another important aspect is that the waste is not introduced directly into the grinder, but laterally offset via a filler channel, the waste being flushed into the area of the grinder by means of a water flow.
  • This arrangement has the simultaneous effect of a horizontal liquid flow essentially parallel to the axis of rotation of the grinding disk, so that this flow is superimposed on the rotating flow generated by the grinding disk.
  • a particularly elegant further development consists in branching off part of the liquid entering the pump housing in this way and using it to wind the waste filled into the tank via a floating nozzle in the filler channel and at the same time to produce a horizontal flow.
  • This arrangement saves the supply of fresh tap water or the additional Installation of a pump.
  • the shredded waste pulp is pre-compacted.
  • a cleaning door is also provided on the housing of the drying press, which can be opened, for example, by approximately 140 °.
  • the drive motor of the worm spindle is arranged at the bottom, so that the simple disassembly and removal of the sieve tube and worm spindle also contributes to simplifying cleaning.
  • the drying press cannot be disassembled at all. Bacteria and olfactory sources form very quickly due to the residual waste always remaining in the sieve tube and spindle.
  • the waste When cleaning or emptying the machine, the waste does not collect in the grinder, but on the tank bottom, from where it can simply be drained down.
  • Metal parts such as cutlery, bottle caps etc. made of metal also fall directly onto the tank bottom.
  • the pump housing of the grinder and the connection channel to the tank bottom are self-draining. Removing the waste sieve boxes is very easy and clean. The parts there, including metal parts, can be removed very easily after removal.
  • the joint arrangement of the drying press and grinder in a common tank also makes cleaning easier, faster and more hygienic.
  • the perforated partition can preferably also be removed.
  • the waste container into which the crushed and compacted waste is ejected can e.g. B. in extension to the filling opening (on the opposite side).
  • By rotating the housing of the drying press it is also possible in a preferred embodiment to bring the waste ejection to the left or right, so that the waste container can also be set up on the side.
  • this changeability can be very advantageous and the space-saving installation of the machine e.g. B. allow in a corner of the room.
  • the horizontal arrangement of the axis of rotation of the grinding disk causes the liquid and the waste in the tank to rotate about a horizontal axis intended in the tank.
  • the liquid flowing back from the dry press towards the grinder through the openings in the cutting disc, the flow of waste with the liquid into the actual tank, and the suction effect of the pump blades on the grinding disc cause a horizontal liquid flow or a transverse movement of the liquid in the Tank generated.
  • the liquid flow per minute is about five times the tank capacity.
  • This combined rotation and cross flow also creates waste that is lighter than the operating fluid, i.a. Water, and thus float, for example polystyrene disposable tableware parts, easily fed to the grinder for comminution.
  • operating fluid i.a. Water
  • float for example polystyrene disposable tableware parts
  • Another advantage of the horizontal arrangement of the drive axis of the grinder is that the drive motor and associated seals for assembly and maintenance are more easily accessible and that a lower working height is made possible for the operating personnel than is the case with machines with a motor arranged vertically under the tank .
  • the arrangement of the grinder and drying press in a common tank enables the level controller for the common liquid level to be attached in the pressing area of the drying press. Since there is filtered water, the functionality of the level controller is not reduced by dirt, as in the known machines in which the level controller is arranged in the grinding area of the tank.
  • the tank 1 of the machine is operated via an automatic level controller 26 up to the liquid level 4, e.g. B. filled with tap water. Then the drive motor 17 of the grinder 11 and the gear motor 21 of the drying press 18 are put into operation.
  • the liquid level 4 e.g. B. filled with tap water.
  • a flow of liquid is filled into the tank 1 through the filler channel 8 via a floating nozzle 9. This liquid flow sweeps all the waste fed into the filling opening 7 of the machine into the mahibore area 28 of the tank 1.
  • the waste is mixed with the liquid by the rotation and cross flow in the tank 1 and is permanently fed to the grinder 11.
  • the grinding disc 12 crushes the waste until it can be sucked through the sieve ring 13.
  • Pump vanes 15 are arranged on the rear side of the grinding disk 12 and effect the required liquid transport through the sieve ring 13, the pump housing 14 and the connecting channel 16 to the drying press 18.
  • the latter consists of a sieve tube 20 in which a spindle 19 driven by the geared motor 21 rotates. The liquid is pressed out through the sieve tube 20.
  • the filtered waste is pushed upwards by the spindle 19 along the inner wall of the sieve tube 20. In this way, the waste is further compressed within the dry press and the liquid is separated out through the sieve tube 20.
  • the compressed waste is fed to a transport container via an “upper” outlet 27 and a waste discharge 22.
  • the filtered liquid emerging from the sieve tube 20 flows through the perforated partition 24 back to the grinder 11, or, if this exceeds the liquid level 4, via the liquid overflow 6 into the sewage system.
  • a liquid drain 5 is opened so that the liquid flows from the tank 1, the grinder 11 and the drying press 18 to the deepest point of the tank bottom 2 and all the remaining waste is washed into the removable trash baskets 3 on the tank bottom.
  • the housing 25 of the drying press 18 has a cleaning door 23, the tank 1, in particular the filler channel 8 and the grinding area 28, are covered by a lid 10 which can be folded up. the which cover the entire bottom of the grinding area 28, the waste strainer baskets 3 with the waste residues can be easily removed and cleaned.
  • the partition 24 between the grinding area 28 with grinder 11 and pressing area 29 of the drying press 18 is also easily removable, so that, for. B. a hosing down with a water hose is possible. In the example given, speeds of the grinding disk of approximately 700-1400 revolutions per minute and the spindle of approximately 100-200 revolutions per minute have proven to be expedient.

Abstract

1. An apparatus for grinding and compacting refuse, comprising a refuse receiving tank (1) capable of being filled up to a predetermined liquid level (4), a rotating grinding disk (12) disposed on an inner wall of the tank (1) and including grinding tools, said grinding disk having a substantially horizontal axis for creating a rotational flow about an (imaginary) horizontal axis and forming part of a grinder (11) driven by a drive motor (17), feeder means (7, 8) for feeding the refuse into the tank (1), a dry press (18) composed substantially of a tubular housing (23), a tubular screen (20) centrally disposed therein, a rotating screw (19) disposed within the tubular screen (20), and outlet means (27, 22) provided at the end of the screw for the compacted refuse, and comprising communicating means between the area (17) behind the grinder (11) and the (lower) start of the screw for the ground refuse pulp, characterized by a) the arrangement of the dry press (18) within the receiving tank (1) and opposite to the grinding disk (12) of the grinder (11), b) separation of the receiving tank (1) into a grinding section (28) and a pressing section (29) by means of a partition wall (24) (which is preferably removable for cleaning purposes), and c) the provision of said communicating means as a communicating passageway (16).

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Maschine zum Zerkleinern und Verdichten von Abfall gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruches 1.The invention relates to a machine for crushing and compacting waste according to the preamble of claim 1.

Derartige Maschinen werden beispielsweise in Großküchen, Imbißstuben und dergleichen zur Beseitigung von Speiseabfällen und Einweggeschirr sowie Einwegbesteck aus Kunststoff und Papier verwendet. Der Feststoffabfall wird verdichtet und in einen Abfallbehälter entleert, die in den Abfällen enthaltene sowie die für den Betrieb des Gerätes benutzte Flüssigkeit wird der Abwasserkanalisation zugeführt.Such machines are used, for example, in canteen kitchens, snack bars and the like for removing food waste and disposable tableware and disposable cutlery made of plastic and paper. The solid waste is compacted and emptied into a waste container, the liquid contained in the waste and the liquid used to operate the device is fed to the sewage system.

Für diesen Zweck eingesetzte Maschinen sind aus der DE-A-2 005 252, der DE-B-1 288 411, der DE-A-2 453 341 und der GB-A-1 162 467 bekannt.Machines used for this purpose are known from DE-A-2 005 252, DE-B-1 288 411, DE-A-2 453 341 and GB-A-1 162 467.

Ein großer Nachteil dieser Maschinen ist die sehr schlechte Reinigungsmöglichkeit. Die Rotorachsen der Mahlwerke sind hierbei vertikal angeordnet, offenbar, damit der Abfall in einfacher Weise unmittelbar eingeführt werden kann und unmittelbar auf das Mahlwerk auftrifft. In diesem Bereich, d.h. am Tankboden, sammeln sich allerdings bei der Außerbetriebnahme alle noch nicht vollständig zermahlenen Abfälle und müssen mühsam aus dem Schneidwerk von Hand herausgeputzt werden. Diese Arbeit ist zeitaufwendig, unangenehm und unhygienisch, vor allem, wenn es sich um Speisereste und Küchenabfälle handelt, auch eine gewisse Verletzungsgefahr an den Zerkleinerungswerkzeugen der Mahlscheibe ist gegeben. Werden versehentlich metallische Eßbestecke oder andere Metallteile hineingegeben, so können nicht nur diese Teile selbst beschädigt werden, sondern auch das Mahlwerk, was aufwendige Reparaturen erfordert.A big disadvantage of these machines is the very poor cleaning ability. The rotor axes of the grinders are arranged vertically, obviously, so that the waste can be introduced directly in a simple manner and strikes the grinder directly. In this area, i.e. on the bottom of the tank, however, all waste that has not yet been completely ground is collected when it is taken out of service and must be laboriously cleaned out of the cutting unit by hand. This work is time-consuming, uncomfortable and unsanitary, especially when it comes to leftovers and kitchen waste, and there is also a certain risk of injury on the grinding tools of the grinding disc. If metallic cutlery or other metal parts are accidentally added, not only can these parts themselves be damaged, but also the grinder, which requires extensive repairs.

Eine Maschine gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruches 1 ist in der US-A-3 310 241 beschrieben. Dort ist eine Trockenpresse mit einer Schneckenspindel oberhalb und getrennt vom Aufnahmetank und schräg zur Horizontalen angeordnet. Das Mahlwerk ist an einer Innenwand vorgesehen. Der zerkleinerte Abfall wird oberhalb der Mahlscheibe durch einen kurzen Verbindungskanal in den unteren Anfang der Schnekkenspindel eingeführt. Die Zufuhr der Abfälle erfolgt über eine gegenüber dem Mahlbereich seitlich versetzte Einfüllöffnung und eine Einfüllrampe, wobei die Abfälle oberhalb des geregelten Wasserniveaus auf die Wasseroberfläche auftreffen. Unterhalb der Einfüllöffnung ist eine rotierende Scheibe dargestellt, welche über Zentrifugalkräfte an einer Wandstelle Geschirr- und Besteckteile in eine getrennte Einheit transportiert.A machine according to the preamble of claim 1 is described in US-A-3 310 241. There is a drying press with a screw spindle above and separate from the holding tank and at an angle to the horizontal. The grinder is provided on an inner wall. The shredded waste is introduced above the grinding disc through a short connecting channel into the lower start of the screw spindle. The waste is fed in via a filling opening that is offset to the side of the grinding area and a filling ramp, with the waste hitting the water surface above the regulated water level. A rotating disc is shown below the filling opening, which transports crockery and cutlery items into a separate unit via centrifugal forces at a wall point.

Die Anordnung einer separaten Trockenpresse ist verhältnismäßig teuer und platzaufwendig, auch die Reinigung der beiden getrennten Maschinen ist aufwendig und auch unhygienisch. An kaum zugänglichen Stellen können sich Schmutzablagerungen bilden, die zur Geruchsbildung und Bakterienbildung führen können.The arrangement of a separate drying press is relatively expensive and takes up a lot of space, and cleaning the two separate machines is also complicated and also unsanitary. Dirt deposits can form in hardly accessible places, which can lead to the formation of odors and bacteria.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Maschine gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruches 1 so auszubilden, daß die Trockenpresse in die übrige Maschine, insbesondere in den Tank, integriert wird, die Herstellung verbilligt, Handhabung, Hygiene und insbesondere die Reinigungsmöglichkeit verbessert werden.The invention has for its object to design a machine according to the preamble of claim 1 so that the drying press is integrated in the rest of the machine, in particular in the tank, the manufacture is cheaper, handling, hygiene and in particular the possibility of cleaning are improved.

Die Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch die Merkmale des Anspruches 1 gelöst. Weitere Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind in den Unteransprüchen unter Schutz gestellt. Beim Erfindungsgegenstand ist die Trockenpresse gegenüber der Mahlscheibe angeordnet, die sich um eine horizontale Achse dreht, um im Tank eine Rotationsströmung um eine horizontale Achse und zusätzlich eine der Rotationsströmung über lagerte Horizontalströmung in Richtung Mahlscheibe, zu erzeugen. Der Aufnahmetank ist durch eine Trennwand in einen Mahlbereich und einen Preßbereich geteilt.The object is achieved by the features of claim 1. Further embodiments of the invention are protected in the subclaims. Subject of the invention, the dry press is disposed opposite to the grinding disk, which rotates about a horizontal axis in order to produce in the tank a rotational flow around a horizontal axis, and additionally one of the Rotat i onsströmung superimposed horizontal flow towards the grinding disc. The holding tank is divided into a grinding area and a pressing area by a partition.

Die Achse der rotierenden Mahlscheibe ist im wesentlichen rechtwinklig zur Schneckenspindel der Trockenpresse ausgerichtet, wobei der Tankbereich bzw. Mahlbereich, in dem sich das Mahlwerk befindet, vom Bodenbereich der Trockenpresse bzw. Preßbereich durch eine, vorzugsweise herausnehmbare, perforierte Wand getrennt ist. Eine wichtige Ausbildung besteht auch dar in, den Abfall nicht unmittelbar in das Mahlwerk einzuführen, sondern seitlich versetzt über eine Einfüllrinne, wobei der Abfall mittels einer Wasserströmung in den Bereich des Mahlwerkes gespült ist. Diese Anordnung hat die gleichzeitige Wirkung einer horizontalen Flüssigkeitsströmung im wesentlichen parallel zur Rotationsachse der Mahlscheibe, so daß sich diese Strömung mit der durch die Mahlscheibe erzeugten Rotationsströmung überlagert.The axis of the rotating grinding disk is aligned essentially at right angles to the screw spindle of the drying press, the tank area or grinding area in which the grinder is located being separated from the bottom area of the drying press or pressing area by a preferably removable perforated wall. Another important aspect is that the waste is not introduced directly into the grinder, but laterally offset via a filler channel, the waste being flushed into the area of the grinder by means of a water flow. This arrangement has the simultaneous effect of a horizontal liquid flow essentially parallel to the axis of rotation of the grinding disk, so that this flow is superimposed on the rotating flow generated by the grinding disk.

Weitere vorteilhafte Ausbildungen, insbesondere hinsichtlich der Reinigungsmöglichkeiten, sind durch eine vollständige Abdeckung des Bodens mittels nach oben herausnehmbarer Abfallsiebkörbe, die über einen oben angeordneten abnehmbaren Tankdeckel leicht nach oben abgehoben werden können, eine Abschrägung des Tankbodens im Mahlbereich nach unten und die Anordnung eines Flüssigkeitsablaufes an der tiefsten Stelle hervorzuheben. Auch die spezielle Ausbildung eines Siebringes, eines Pumpengehäuses und von Pumpenflügeln trägt zur hohen Wirksamkeit der Maschine bei, wobei das Gemisch von Abfall und Flüssigkeit angesogen wird, durch den Siebring hindurchgeleitet und an den unteren Anfang der Schneckenspindel geführt wird. Die Wirkung entspricht derjenigen einer Kreiselpumpe. Vorzugsweise ragen die Flügel etwas über den äußeren Durchmesser der Mahlscheibe hinaus.Further advantageous designs, in particular with regard to the cleaning options, are a beveling of the tank bottom in the grinding area downwards and the arrangement of a liquid drain due to a complete covering of the bottom by means of waste sieve baskets which can be removed upwards and which can be easily lifted up by means of a removable tank cap arranged at the top to highlight the deepest point. The special design of a sieve ring, a pump housing and pump blades also contributes to the high effectiveness of the machine, whereby the mixture of waste and liquid is sucked in, passed through the sieve ring and guided to the lower start of the screw spindle. The effect corresponds to that of a centrifugal pump. The blades preferably protrude slightly beyond the outer diameter of the grinding disk.

Eine besonders elegante Weiterbildung besteht darin, daß man von der auf diese Weise ins Pumpengehäuse gelangenden Flüssigkeit einen Teil abzweigt und dazu benutzt, um den oben eingefüllten Abfall über eine Schwemmdüse in der Einfüllrinne in den Tank zu spulen und gleichzeitig eine horizontale Strömung zu erzeugen. Diese Anordnung erspart die Zufuhr von frischem Leitungswasser oder den zusätzlichen Einbau einer Pumpe. Außerdem findet eine Vorverdichtung des zerkleinerten Abfallbreis statt.A particularly elegant further development consists in branching off part of the liquid entering the pump housing in this way and using it to wind the waste filled into the tank via a floating nozzle in the filler channel and at the same time to produce a horizontal flow. This arrangement saves the supply of fresh tap water or the additional Installation of a pump. In addition, the shredded waste pulp is pre-compacted.

Zur weiteren Vereinfachung der Reinigung ist auch am Gehäuse der Trockenpresse eine Reinigungstür vorgesehen, die beispielsweise um etwa 140° aufklappbar sein kann. Der Antriebsmotor der Schneckenspindel ist unten angeordnet, so daß die einfache Zerlegung und Herausnahme von Siebrohr und Schneckenspindel ebenfalls zur Vereinfachung der Reinigung beiträgt. Bei den bekannten Maschinen mit oben angeordnetem Antrieb läßt sich die Trockenpresse überhaupt nicht zerlegen. Durch die stets in Siebrohr und Spindel zurückbleibenden Restabfälle bilden sich sehr rasch Bakterien und Geruchsherde.To further simplify cleaning, a cleaning door is also provided on the housing of the drying press, which can be opened, for example, by approximately 140 °. The drive motor of the worm spindle is arranged at the bottom, so that the simple disassembly and removal of the sieve tube and worm spindle also contributes to simplifying cleaning. In the known machines with the drive arranged at the top, the drying press cannot be disassembled at all. Bacteria and olfactory sources form very quickly due to the residual waste always remaining in the sieve tube and spindle.

Mit der erfindungsgemäßen Anordnung sind eine Reihe weiterer Vorteile verbunden.A number of further advantages are associated with the arrangement according to the invention.

So sammeln sich bei der Reinigung beziehungsweise Entleerung der Maschine die Abfälle nicht im Mahlwerk, sondern am Tankboden, von wo sie einfach nach unten abgelassen werden können. Auch Metallteile wie Bestecke, Flaschenverschlüsse etc. aus Metall fallen direkt auf den Tankboden. Das Pumpengehäuse des Mahlwerkes und der Verbindungskanal zum Tankboden hin sind selbstentleerend. Die Herausnahme der Abfallsiebkästen ist sehr einfach und sauber. Die dort befindlichen Teile einschließlich Metallteile können nach der Herausnahme sehr einfach entfernt werden.When cleaning or emptying the machine, the waste does not collect in the grinder, but on the tank bottom, from where it can simply be drained down. Metal parts such as cutlery, bottle caps etc. made of metal also fall directly onto the tank bottom. The pump housing of the grinder and the connection channel to the tank bottom are self-draining. Removing the waste sieve boxes is very easy and clean. The parts there, including metal parts, can be removed very easily after removal.

Auch die gemeinsame Anordnung von Trokkenpresse und Mahlwerk in einem gemeinsamen Tank trägt zur einfacheren, schnelleren und hygienischeren Reinigung bei. Hierbei kann vorzugsweise auch die perforierte Trennwand herausgenommen werden.The joint arrangement of the drying press and grinder in a common tank also makes cleaning easier, faster and more hygienic. In this case, the perforated partition can preferably also be removed.

Der Abfallbehälter, in weichen der zerkleinerte und verdichtete Abfall ausgeworfen wird, kann z. B. in Verlängerung zur Einfüllöffnung (auf der entgegengesetzten Seite) aufgestellt werden. Durch ein Verdrehen des Gehäuses der Trockenpresse ist es jedoch bei einer bevorzugten Ausführung auch möglich, den Abfallauswurf nach links oder rechts zu bringen, so daß der Abfallbehälter auch seitlich aufgestellt werden kann. Bei den oft beengten Verhältnissen in Großküchenräumen kann diese Veränderbarkeit sehr vorteilhaft sein und auch die platzsparende Aufstellung der Maschine z. B. in einer Raumecke ermöglichen.The waste container into which the crushed and compacted waste is ejected can e.g. B. in extension to the filling opening (on the opposite side). By rotating the housing of the drying press, however, it is also possible in a preferred embodiment to bring the waste ejection to the left or right, so that the waste container can also be set up on the side. Given the often cramped conditions in commercial kitchens, this changeability can be very advantageous and the space-saving installation of the machine e.g. B. allow in a corner of the room.

Die horizontale Anordnung der Rotationsachse der Mahlscheibe bewirkt eine Rotation der Flüssigkeit und der Abfälle im Tank um eine im Tank gedachte waagerechte Achse. Außerdem wird durch die aus der Trockenpresse in Richtung Mahlwerk durch die Öffnungen der Trennscheibe hindurch zurückflutende Flüssigkeit, durch das Einströmen der Abfälle mit der Flüssigkeit in den eigentlichen Tank, und durch die Sogwirkung der Pumpenflügel an der Mahlscheibe eine horizontale Flüssigkeitsströmung beziehungsweise eine Querbewegung der Flüssigkeit im Tank erzeugt. In der Praxis beträgt hierbei der Flüssigkeitsstrom pro Minute etwa das Fünffache des Tankinhaltes.The horizontal arrangement of the axis of rotation of the grinding disk causes the liquid and the waste in the tank to rotate about a horizontal axis intended in the tank. In addition, the liquid flowing back from the dry press towards the grinder through the openings in the cutting disc, the flow of waste with the liquid into the actual tank, and the suction effect of the pump blades on the grinding disc cause a horizontal liquid flow or a transverse movement of the liquid in the Tank generated. In practice, the liquid flow per minute is about five times the tank capacity.

Durch diese kombinierte Rotations- und Querströmung werden auch Abfälle, die leichter als die Betriebsflüssigkeit, i.a. Wasser, sind und somit schwimmen, beispielsweise Styropor- Einweggeschirrteile, ohne weiteres dem Mahlwerk zur Zerkleinerung zugeführt.This combined rotation and cross flow also creates waste that is lighter than the operating fluid, i.a. Water, and thus float, for example polystyrene disposable tableware parts, easily fed to the grinder for comminution.

Ein weiterer Vorteil der horizontalen Anordnung der Antriebsachse des Mahlwerkes liegt darin, daß Antriebsmotor und zugehörige Dichtungen zur Montage und Wartung leichter zugänglich sind und daß eine niedrigere Arbeitshöhe für das Bedienungspersonal ermöglicht wird, als dies bei Maschinen mit vertikal unter dem Tank angeordneten Motor der Fall ist.Another advantage of the horizontal arrangement of the drive axis of the grinder is that the drive motor and associated seals for assembly and maintenance are more easily accessible and that a lower working height is made possible for the operating personnel than is the case with machines with a motor arranged vertically under the tank .

Die Anordnung von Mahlwerk und Trockenpresse in einem gemeinsamen Tank ermöglicht die Anbringung des Füllstandsreglers für das gemeinsame Flüssigkeitsniveau im Preßbereich der Trockenpresse. Da sich dort gefiltertes Wasser befindet, wird die Funktionsfähigkeit des Füllstandsreglers nicht durch Schmutz herabgesetzt, wie bei den bekannten Maschinen, bei denen der Füllstandsregler im Mahlbereich des Tanks angeordnet ist.The arrangement of the grinder and drying press in a common tank enables the level controller for the common liquid level to be attached in the pressing area of the drying press. Since there is filtered water, the functionality of the level controller is not reduced by dirt, as in the known machines in which the level controller is arranged in the grinding area of the tank.

Die Bauweise ist erheblich einfacher als beispielsweise beim Gegenstand der DE-PS-1 288 411 mit seitlich montiertem Motor und Riemenantrieb.The construction is considerably simpler than, for example, the subject of DE-PS-1 288 411 with a laterally mounted motor and belt drive.

Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung ist in der Zeichnung dargestellt. Es zeigt:

  • Figur 1 einen Vertikalschnitt durch eine Maschine,
  • Figur 2 einen Schnitt längs der Linie 11 - II von Figur 1,
  • Figur 3 einen Schnitt längs der Linie 111 - 111 von Figur 1.
An embodiment of the invention is shown in the drawing. It shows:
  • FIG. 1 shows a vertical section through a machine,
  • FIG. 2 shows a section along the line 11-II of FIG. 1,
  • 3 shows a section along the line 111-111 of FIG.

In der Zeichnung sind gleiche Teile mit gleichen Bezugszeichen versehen. Gleichzeitig mit der Figurenbeschreibung wird die Funktion der Maschine beschrieben.In the drawing, the same parts are provided with the same reference numerals. The function of the machine is described at the same time as the description of the figures.

Der Tank 1 der Maschine wird über einen automatischen Füllstandsregler 26 bis zum Flüssigkeitsniveau 4, z. B. mit Leitungswasser aufgefüllt. Danach werden der Antriebsmotor 17 des Mahlwerkes 11 und der Getriebemotor 21 der Trockenpresse 18 in Betrieb genommen.The tank 1 of the machine is operated via an automatic level controller 26 up to the liquid level 4, e.g. B. filled with tap water. Then the drive motor 17 of the grinder 11 and the gear motor 21 of the drying press 18 are put into operation.

Über eine Schwemmdüse 9 wird ein Flüssigkeitsstrom durch die Einfüllrinne 8 in den Tank 1 gefüllt. Dieser Flüssigkeitsstrom schwemmt alle in die Einfüllöffnung 7 der Maschine zugeführten Abfälle in den Mahiboreich 28 des Tanks 1. Durch die Rotations und Querströmung im Tank 1 werden die Abfälle mit der Flüssigkeit vermischt und permanent dem Mahlwerk 11 zugeführt. Die Mahlscheibe 12 zerkleinert die Abfälle solange, bis diese durch den Siebring 13 hindurchgesaugt werden können. An der Rückseite der Mahlscheibe 12 sind Pumpenflügel 15 angeordnet, weiche den erforderlichen Flüssigkeitstransport durch den Siebring 13, das Pumpengehäuse 14 und den Verbindungskanal 16 zur Trockenpresse 18 bewirken. Letztere besteht aus einem Siebrohr 20, in welchem sich eine vom Getriebemotor 21 angetriebene Spindel 19 dreht. Die Flüssigkeit wird durch das Siebrohr 20 hindurch nach außen gedrückt. die abgefilterten Abfälle werden durch die Spindel 19 entlang der Innenwand des Siebrohrs 20 nach oben geschoben. Auf diesem Weg nach oben werden die Abfälle innerhalb der Trokkenpresse weiterverdichtet und die Flüssigkeit durch das Siebrohr 20 hindurch ausgeschieden. Über einen "oberen" Auslaß 27 und einen Abfallauswurf 22 wird der verdichtete Abfall einem Transportbehälter zugeführt. Die aus dem Siebrohr 20 austretende, gefilterte Flüssigkeit strömt durch die perforierte Trennwand 24 zurück zum Mahlwerk 11, beziehungsweise wenn diese das Flüssigkeitsniveau 4 übersteigt, über den FlüssigkeItsüberlauf 6 in die Kanalisation.A flow of liquid is filled into the tank 1 through the filler channel 8 via a floating nozzle 9. This liquid flow sweeps all the waste fed into the filling opening 7 of the machine into the mahibore area 28 of the tank 1. The waste is mixed with the liquid by the rotation and cross flow in the tank 1 and is permanently fed to the grinder 11. The grinding disc 12 crushes the waste until it can be sucked through the sieve ring 13. Pump vanes 15 are arranged on the rear side of the grinding disk 12 and effect the required liquid transport through the sieve ring 13, the pump housing 14 and the connecting channel 16 to the drying press 18. The latter consists of a sieve tube 20 in which a spindle 19 driven by the geared motor 21 rotates. The liquid is pressed out through the sieve tube 20. the filtered waste is pushed upwards by the spindle 19 along the inner wall of the sieve tube 20. In this way, the waste is further compressed within the dry press and the liquid is separated out through the sieve tube 20. The compressed waste is fed to a transport container via an “upper” outlet 27 and a waste discharge 22. The filtered liquid emerging from the sieve tube 20 flows through the perforated partition 24 back to the grinder 11, or, if this exceeds the liquid level 4, via the liquid overflow 6 into the sewage system.

Zur Reinigung der Maschine wird ein Flüssigkeitsablauf 5 geöffnet, so daß die Flüssigkeit aus dem Tank 1, dem Mahlwerk 11 und der Trockenpresse 18 zur tiefsten Stelle des Tankbodens 2 strömt und dabei alle restlichen Abfälle in die nach oben herausnehmbaren Abfallsiebkörben 3 am Tankboden geschwemmt werden. Zur Erleichterung der Reinigung hat das Gehäuse 25 der Trockenpresse 18 eine Reinigungstüre 23, der Tank 1, insbesondere die Einfüllrinne 8 und der Mahlbereich 28, sind durch einen hochklappbaren Deckel 10 abgedeckt. wobei die die den gesamten Boden des Mahlbereiches 28 abdekken den Abfallsiebkörbe 3 mit den Abfallresten leicht herausnehmbar und zu reinigen sind. Die Trennwand 24 zwischen Mahlbereich 28 mit Mahlwerk 11 und Preßbereich 29 der Trockenpresse 18 ist ebenfalls leicht herausnehmbar, so daß z. B. ein Abspritzen mit einem Wasserschlauch von oben nach unten möglich ist. Beim angeführten Beispiel haben sich Drehzahlen der Mahlscheibe von ca. 700 - 1400 Umdrehungen pro Minute sowie der Spindel von ca. 100 - 200 Umdrehungen pro Minute als zweckmäßig herausgestellt.To clean the machine, a liquid drain 5 is opened so that the liquid flows from the tank 1, the grinder 11 and the drying press 18 to the deepest point of the tank bottom 2 and all the remaining waste is washed into the removable trash baskets 3 on the tank bottom. To facilitate cleaning, the housing 25 of the drying press 18 has a cleaning door 23, the tank 1, in particular the filler channel 8 and the grinding area 28, are covered by a lid 10 which can be folded up. the which cover the entire bottom of the grinding area 28, the waste strainer baskets 3 with the waste residues can be easily removed and cleaned. The partition 24 between the grinding area 28 with grinder 11 and pressing area 29 of the drying press 18 is also easily removable, so that, for. B. a hosing down with a water hose is possible. In the example given, speeds of the grinding disk of approximately 700-1400 revolutions per minute and the spindle of approximately 100-200 revolutions per minute have proven to be expedient.

Claims (13)

1. An apparatus for grinding and compacting refuse, comprising a refuse receiving tank (1) capable of being filled up to a predetermined liquid level (4), a rotating grinding disk (12) disposed on an inner wall of the tank (1) and including grinding tools, said grinding disk having a substantially horizontal axis for creating a rotational flow about an (imaginary) horizontal axis and forming part of a grinder (11) driven by a drive motor (17), feeder means (7, 8) for feeding the refuse into the tank (1), a dry press (18) composed substantially of a tubular housing (23), a tubular screen (20) centrally disposed therein, a rotating screw (19) disposed within the tubular screen (20), and outlet means (27, 22) provided at the end of the screw for the compacted refuse, and comprising communicating means between the area (17) behind the grinder (11) and the (lower) start of the screw for the ground refuse pulp, characterized by
a) the arrangement of the dry press (18) within the receiving tank (1) and opposite to the grinding disk (12) of the grinder (11),
b) separation of the receiving tank (1) into a grinding section (28) and a pressing section (29) by means of a partition wall (24) (which is preferably removable for cleaning purposes), and
c) the provision of said communicating means as a communicating passageway (16).
2. Apparatus as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the start of the screw of the dry press (18) in communication with said communicating passageway (16) is disposed in the bottom area of the common tank (1), that the communicating passageway (16) likewise extends in the bottom area, that the area to the rear of the grinder is configured as collecting container and communicates with the grinding section via a screen (13), and that the other end of the communicating passageway is in communication with the area of the collecting container (14) for ground refuse pulp beneath said screen (13).
3. Apparatus as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2, characterized in that the axis of the rotating screw etc. (19) of the dry press (18) is disposed substantially vertically and therefore at right angles to the horizontal axis of the grinding disk (12) of the grinder (11).
4. Apparatus as claimed in any one of the claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the partition wall (24) is perforated and leaves an upper communicating gap between grinding section and pressing section.
5. Apparatus as claimed in any one of the claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the liquid which is squeezed by the rotating screw (19) through the tubular screen (20) and into the enclosing tubular housing (23) accumulates in the bottom of the pressing section (29) of the tank (1) to flow towards the grinding disk (12) of the grinder (11) such that a horizontal flow towards the grinder (11) is created.
6. Apparatus as claimed in any one of the claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the entire tank bottom (2) in the grinding section (28) is covered with preferably removable screen boxes (3) for refuse and is downwardly inclined towards a liquid drain (5).
7. Apparatus as claimed in any one of the claims 1 to 6, characterized in that at the rear of the grinding disk (12), which rotates about a horizontal axis, pump vanes (15) are disposed in such a way as to suck the ground refuse pulp through the screen, which is configured as a screen ring (13) and projects into the tank (1) and laterally confines the grinding disk (12), and thence into the collecting container in the form of the pump casing (14) arranged to the rear and to the sides of said grinding disk and further into the communicating passageway (16) towards the (lower) start of the screw of the dry press (18).
8. Apparatus as claimed in any one of the claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the feed opening (7) of the feeder means is laterally offset relative to the grinding section (28) and leads into a feeder chute (8) which is substantially horizontal and preferably slightly inclined to open into the grinding section (4) above the water level (4), and that at the start of the feeder chute (8) there is provided a flushing nozzle (9), which is preferably provided with a check valve and through which liquid enters such that the refuse is flushed into the grinding section of the tank (1) while at the same time a horizontal flow towards the dry press (18) is created.
9. Apparatus as claimed in claim 8, characterized in that between the pump casing (14) and the flushing nozzle (9) there is provided a communication such that a liquid flow is branched off the refuselliquid mixture and is supplied to the flushing nozzle (9).
10. Apparatus as claimed in any one of the claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the housing (25) of the dry press (18) is sealingly mounted on a top opening of the tank (1) and has either annular or square cross-section such that the ejecting means (22) for the compacted and substantially dry refuse can be adjusted towards all sides.
11. Apparatus as claimed in any one of the claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the housing (25) is provided with a cleaning door (23) which preferably has the refuse ejecting means (22) secured directly thereon.
12. Apparatus as claimed in any one of the claims 1 to 11, characterized in that a drive gear motor (21) is disposed coaxially beneath the screw (19) such that withdrawal of the tubular screen (20) from the top is permitted without disassembly of the motor.
13. Apparatus as claimed in any one of the claims 1 to 12, characterized in that within the pressing section (29) of the dry press (18) defined by the partition wall (24) there is provided within the tank (1) a level controller (26) for controlling the inflow of liquid up to the liquid level (4) and a liquid overflow (6) is preferably provided therea- bove at a small distance from said level.
EP85102494A 1984-03-30 1985-03-06 Apparatus for grinding and compacting refuse Expired - Lifetime EP0156206B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT85102494T ATE50519T1 (en) 1984-03-30 1985-03-06 MACHINE FOR SHREDDING AND COMPACTING WASTE.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3411918 1984-03-30
DE19843411918 DE3411918A1 (en) 1984-03-30 1984-03-30 MACHINE FOR CRUSHING AND COMPACTING WASTE

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0156206A2 EP0156206A2 (en) 1985-10-02
EP0156206A3 EP0156206A3 (en) 1988-03-09
EP0156206B1 true EP0156206B1 (en) 1990-02-28

Family

ID=6232156

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP85102494A Expired - Lifetime EP0156206B1 (en) 1984-03-30 1985-03-06 Apparatus for grinding and compacting refuse

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EP (1) EP0156206B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE50519T1 (en)
DE (2) DE3411918A1 (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3576125D1 (en) 1990-04-05
EP0156206A3 (en) 1988-03-09
DE3411918C2 (en) 1991-10-10
ATE50519T1 (en) 1990-03-15
DE3411918A1 (en) 1985-10-10
EP0156206A2 (en) 1985-10-02

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