EP0155319A1 - Monoklonaler anti-interleukin-2-antikörper für die immunfallung von interleukin-2 - Google Patents

Monoklonaler anti-interleukin-2-antikörper für die immunfallung von interleukin-2

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Publication number
EP0155319A1
EP0155319A1 EP19840903727 EP84903727A EP0155319A1 EP 0155319 A1 EP0155319 A1 EP 0155319A1 EP 19840903727 EP19840903727 EP 19840903727 EP 84903727 A EP84903727 A EP 84903727A EP 0155319 A1 EP0155319 A1 EP 0155319A1
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Prior art keywords
antibody
human interleukin
interleukin
dms
monoclonal anti
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French (fr)
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Kendall A. Smith
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Dartmouth College
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Dartmouth College
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
    • C07K14/435—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
    • C07K14/52—Cytokines; Lymphokines; Interferons
    • C07K14/54—Interleukins [IL]
    • C07K14/55—IL-2
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K16/00—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies
    • C07K16/18—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans
    • C07K16/24—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against cytokines, lymphokines or interferons
    • C07K16/244—Interleukins [IL]
    • C07K16/246—IL-2

Definitions

  • This invention is in the fields of immunology and cell biology.
  • the invention pertains to mono ⁇ clonal anti-interleukin-2 antibodies useful for im unopurification of interleukin-2.
  • Interleukin 2 (IL-2) , derived from activated human T-lymphocytes, is a 15,500 (Mr) sialoglyco- protein that initiates mitosis of antigen and lectin-activated cytolytic T-cells.
  • IL-2 shares many properties with polypeptide hormones, it was anticipated that antibodies reactive with IL-2 would be advantageous in much the same fashion that anti- hormone antibodies have been so useful.
  • anti-IL-2 would make possible definitive studies of IL-2 biologic activity, immunopurifica- tion, the development of IL-2 immunoassays, the identification of the active site of the molecule, and an array of in vivo experiments exploring its physiologic role in the immune response.
  • the peptide is generally present and detectable in lymphocyte culture medium in only picomolar concentrations. Consequently, a major problem relates to the practical difficulty of accumulating enough IL-2 protein in a partially- purified and concentrated form so that immunization becomes feasible. Another difficulty concerns the sensitivity and efficiency of detection of anti-Il-2 activity once immunization is accomplished. Hereto ⁇ fore, neutralization of IL-2 biologic activity has been the only assay available to screen for anti- IL-2 in the plasma of immunized mice or hybridoma culture supernatants.
  • the invention pertains to monoclonal anti-human interleukin-2 (IL-2) antibodies which are useful for immunopurification of human interleukin-2, and to antibody-producing cell lines which produce the IL-2 antibodies.
  • IL-2 monoclonal anti-human interleukin-2
  • the antibodies of this invention provide for the isolation of human interleukin-2 in a single step.
  • the anti-IL-2 antibodies may be attached to a solid phase to form an immuno- adsorbent which is capable of specifically adsorbing human IL-2.
  • Immunoadsorbents so formed may be used to adsorb in erleukin-2 from a biological fluid, a cell culture medium or other liquid. Thereafter, IL-2 may be recovered from the immunoadsorbent in milligram amounts. The recovered IL-2 retains its biological activity and is substantially pure.
  • the antibody-producing cell lines which produce the IL-2 antibodies are formed from the fusion of an IL-2 antibody producing cell and an "immortalizing" cell. Alternatively, the anti-IL-2 antibody- producing cell lines may be formed by transformation of an IL-2 antibody-producing cell.
  • Figure 1 shows IL-2 production by normal lymphocytes ( • ) versus a high producer subclone (6.8) of the JURKAT human T-leukemia cell line (o) . Serial two-fold dilutions of supernatants were
  • FIG. 2 shows plasma anti-IL-2 activity of IL-2 immunized mice, as detected by the neutraliza ⁇ tion of biological activity (A) and by ELISA (B) .
  • Figure 3 shows a typical IL-2 titration plot of
  • Figure 4 shows neutralization of IL-2 biologi- cal activity by the DMS monoclonal antibodies.
  • DMS-1 *
  • DMS-2 ⁇
  • DMS-3 •
  • control mouse Ig o. Miles Laboratories Inc., Elkhart, IN
  • FIG. 5 shows DMS-1 monoclonal antibody
  • FIG. 6 shows the effect of DMS-1 monoclonal antibody on the biological activity of IL-2 (20 pM) derived from JURKAT subclone 6.8 cells (o) , rat splenocytes ( • ) , normal human tonsil cells ( * -*- ) and mouse splenocytes ( ⁇ ) .
  • Figure 7 shows the effect of IL-2 on DMS-1 monoclonal antibody-mediated inhibition of cytolytic
  • T-lymphocyte line cell proliferation as monitored by
  • Figure 8 shows the lack of effect of DMS-1 monoclonal antibody on the proliferation of IL-2 independent cells.
  • HL-60 cells •
  • K562 cells o
  • BALB/c 3T3 cells A were cultured (1 x 10 5 cells/ml) for 44 h prior to 4 h incubation with [ 3 H]-TdR.
  • Figure 9 is a comparison of anti-IL-2 activity of DMS-1 (o) and DMS-3 ( • ) monoclonal antibodies as detected by ELISA.
  • Figure 10 shows reversed-phase liquid chromato- graphy elution profile of im unoaffinity-purified human IL-2.
  • Figure 11 shows sodium dodecyl sulfate poly- acrylamide gel electrophoresis of immunoaffinity- purified human IL-2.
  • IL-2 100 ng is detected by silver stain.
  • the anti-human interleukin-2 antibodies of this invention are produced by antibody-producing cell lines.
  • the anti-IL-2 antibody-producing cell lines may be hybrid cell lines known as hybridomas.
  • the hybridoma cells are formed from the fusion of an • anti-IL-2 antibody-producing cell and an immortali ⁇ zing cell, that is, a cell line which imparts long term tissue culture stability of the hybrid cell.
  • the first fusion partner - the anti-IL-2 antibody-producing cell - may be a spleen cell of an animal immunized against human IL-2.
  • the anti-IL-2 antibody- producing cell may be an anti-IL-2 generating B lymphocyte obtained from the spleen, peripheral blood, lymph nodes or other tissue.
  • the second fusion partner - the immortalizing cell - may be a plasmacytoma cell such as a myeloma cell, itself an antibody-producing cell but also malignant.
  • Murine hybridomas which produce monoclonal anti-human IL-2 antibodies are formed from the fusion of mouse plasmacytoma cells and spleen cells from mice immunized against human IL-2. In order to evoke an immune response against human IL-2 in mice, it is important to immunize the mice with at least microgram amounts of human IL-2. Thus, a source of sufficient IL-2 is required.
  • One such source is the JURKAT T leukemia cell described by Gillis and Watson. See J. Exp. Med. 152:1709(1980).
  • spleen cells are removed for fusion.
  • the fusions may be accom ⁇ plished by standard procedures such as those de ⁇ scribed by Fazekas de St. Groth and Scheidegger. - See J. Immunol. Meth. 35:1(1980).
  • the hybridomas are then screened for production of antibody reactive with human IL-2, and those which produce reactive antibody are cloned.
  • the screening procedure should not be limited to assays for the neutralization of IL-2 biologic activity by the hybridoma cell products. Under a number of
  • a neutralization assay would not be able to detect products reactive with IL-2.
  • an antibody which reacts with IL-2 may not effectively neutralize its biological activity because while highly specific for IL-2, the antibody does not bind adjacent to the active site of the molecule. Therefore, to screen the hybrids, assays by which the reactivity of the hybridoma products with IL-2 may be directly assessed, such as those described herein, should be employed.
  • anti-human interleukin-2 antibody-producing cell lines is by transformation of antibody-producing cells.
  • an anti-IL-2 antibody-producing B lymphocyte obtained from an animal immunized against human IL-2 may be infected and transformed with a virus such as the Epstein-Barr virus to give an immortal, anti-IL-2 antibody-producing cell.
  • a virus such as the Epstein-Barr virus
  • an anti-IL-2 B lymphocyte may be transformed by a transforming gene or transforming gene product to yield an immortal anti-IL-2 antibody-producing cell line.
  • the monoclonal anti-IL-2 antibodies are pro- prised in large quantities by injecting the anti-IL-2 antibody-producing hybridomas into the peritoneal cavity of mice and, after an appropriate time, harvesting the ascites fluid which contains a very high titer of homogenous antibody and isolating the monoclonal anti-IL-2 antibodies therefrom.
  • the antibodies may be produced by culturing anti-IL-2 producing cell lines in vitro and isola ⁇ ting secreted monoclonal anti-IL-2 antibody from the cell culture medium.
  • the anti-IL-2 antibodies of this invention are useful for immunopurification of IL-2.
  • the antibodies may be attached to a solid phase to form an immunoadsorbent which specifically binds IL-2.
  • Such immunoadsorbents may be constructed to bind milligram amounts of IL-2.
  • the IL-2 may be recovered from the immunoadsorbent in biologically active and substantially pure form.
  • the solid phase may be a gel material such as agarose or a bead material such as a Sepharose bead or other solid support.
  • the antibodies may be coupled to the solid support by conventional proce ⁇ dures for attaching proteins to solid phases.
  • the immuno ⁇ adsorbent In order to purify interleukin-2, the immuno ⁇ adsorbent is brought into contact with the biologi ⁇ cal fluid, cell culture medium or other liquid containing IL-2. After an appropriate time, the immunoadsorbent is separated from the liquid, and the interleukin-2 recovered. The interleukin-2 may be eluted from the immunoadsorbent by a mildly acidic aqueous solution.
  • Three hybridoma cell lines, designated DMS1, DMS2, and DMS3 which produce anti-IL-2 antibodies useful for the immunopurification of interleukin-2 have been deposited at the American Type Culture Collection in Rockville, Maryland on September 20, 1983.
  • Murine IL-2-dependent cytolytic (subclone 15H) T-lymphocyte lines were cultured as previously described at population levels between 1 x 10 4 and 5 x 105 cells/ml in Iscove's Modified Dulbecco's Minimum Essential Medium (IMDMEM) supplemented with 10% heat-inactivated (56°C for 30 minutes) fetal calf serum (FCS, Sterile Systems, Inc., Logan, Utah), 50 U/ml penicillin G, 50 ug/ml gentamycin, 300 ug/ml L-glutamine and 1.0 u/ml human IL-2 derived from JURKAT high producer subcloned (6.8) cells partially purified by gel filtration.
  • IMDMEM Iscove's Modified Dulbecco's Minimum Essential Medium
  • FCS fetal calf serum
  • the P3-NS-1-1 cell line [ref 13] obtained from Dr. Ellis Reinherz, The Dana-Farber Cancer Center, Boston, MA
  • BALB/c 3T3 cells and all resulting hybridoma cell lines were maintained in IMDMEM, supplemented with 10% FCS, 50 u/ml penicillin G, 50 ug/ml gentamycin, and 300 ug/ml L-glutamine.
  • the JURKAT high IL-2-producer subclone 6.8 See Smith, K.A. ,”T-cell growth factor, a lymphocyto- trophic hormone" In:Proceedings of the 55th Nobel Symposium, Genetics of the Immune Response, Ed. G.
  • cell lines were maintained in RPMI 1640 medium [Grand Island Biological Company (GIBCO) , Grand Island, N.Y.] supplemented with 10% FCS, 50 u/ml penicillin G, 50 ug/ml gentamycin, and 300 ug/ml fresh L-glutamine at
  • IL-2 biologic activity was determined as previously described by the IL-2 concentration-dependent stimulation of proliferation of a cloned murine cytotoxic T lymphocyte line (CTLL-2, subclone
  • OMPI dilutions yielding 50% of the maximum CTLL [ H]-TdR incorporation were determined, and the value for the sample divided by that of the standard to give the concentration of IL-2 in units per milliliter.
  • the standard IL-2 preparation which was arbitrarily assigned a value of l ⁇ /ml, consistently yielded 50% of the maximal incorporation at a dilution of 1:10.
  • an experimental sample containing 100 U/ml would yield 50% maximal CTLL [ H]-TdR incorporation at a dilution of 1:1000.
  • JURKAT subclone 6.8 cells were routinely harvested from the exponential phase of cell growth (0.8 - 1.0 x 10 cells/ml), centrifuged (250 x g, 10 min) , placed into serum-free DMEM (GIBCO) , and cultured at 4.0 x 10 cells/ml for 14-18h in the presence of phytohemagglutinin (1.5 ug/ml, Wellcome Reagents, Beckingham, England) and phorbol myristic acetate (50 ng/ml. Consolidated Midland Corp. , Brewster, N.Y.).
  • IL-2 was partially purified from the conditioned medium as described previously by concentration, using an Amicon Cartridge (Amicon Corp. , Lexington, MA) and a YM-5 membrane, followed by gel filtration and isoelectric focusing (IEF) [Robb, R. J. and Smit. h, K.A., Mol. Immunol. 18:1087(1981). Concentrated supernatant was applied to a Sephadex G-1000 superfine column (Pharmacia, Piscataway, NJ) ) and eluted with 0.5 M NaCl, 10 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.5,
  • mice Female BALB/c mice (The Jackson Laboratories, Bar Harbor, Maine) 8-12 weeks of age were inoculated with biochemically purified IL-2 as follows: 1) Primary immunization; 2000 U (equivalent to 15-16 ug IL-2 protein) in 0.1 ml + 0.1 ml complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA) intraperitoneally (IP) and 2000 U in CFA distributed subcutaneously (SQ) to the limbs; 2) Secondary immunization at week 10; 2000 U in incomplete Freund's Adjuvant (IFA) IP and 2000 u in IFA SQ to the limbs. 3) Tertiary immunization at
  • P3-NS-1-1 cells were harvested from the exponential phase of cell growth, washed twice in serum-free DMEM (GIBCO) , combined with the immune splenocytes and exposed to 1 ml 50% polyethylene glycol 4000 ( ⁇ . Merck, Darmstadt, Germany) , 5% dimethyl sulfoxide in saline for 90 sec at 37°C.
  • the cells were centrifuged (150 x g, 5 min) and resuspended in 12.5 ml IMDMEM supplemented with 10% FCS, 50 u/ml penicillin G, 50 ug/ml gentamycin, and 300 ug/ml L-glutamine. Serial twofold dilutions of the cell suspension were made and 50 ul of cell suspension distributed to 96-well microtiter plates (Costar) , containing 6 x 10
  • BALB/c peritoneal cells/well BALB/c peritoneal cells/well. Plates were routinely seeded at initial mixed-cell concentrations ranging from 4 x 10 5 cells/well to 2.5 x 104 cells/well, as preliminary experiments indicated these cell concentrations favored the initial clonal derivation of hybridoma cells. After 24 hours, selection medium consisting of hypoxanthine (1 x 10-4M) , aminopterin (8 x 10 —8M) , and thymidine (1.6 x 10—5M) was added. The plates were wrapped in aluminum foil and incubated at 37°C, in a humidified atmosphere of 5% C0 2 in air for 10 days without further medium addition.
  • hypoxanthine 1 x 10-4M
  • aminopterin 8 x 10 —8M
  • thymidine 1.6 x 10—5M
  • Plasma from IL-2-immunized mice, hybridoma-cell culture supernatants and purified monoclonal anti ⁇ bodies were tested for anti-IL-2 activity by means of three assays: 1) Neutralization of Biologic Activity
  • Results are expressed as a percentage of the
  • Plasma from IL-2-immunized and control mice, and monoclonal antibody preparations were assayed for anti-IL-2 activity by examining binding to 3 [ H]-leu, lys-IL-2. Robb et al., J. Exp. Med.
  • Ice-cold RPMI 1640 (GIBCO) (1 ml) was added, and following centrifugation (9000 x g, 1 min) the supernatant was removed and counted (15 ml Biofluor, New England Nuclear, Boston, MA) via liquid scintil- lation. The Staph-A pellet was then washed twice with 1 ml cold RPMI 1640 and counted by liquid scintillation.
  • Plasma from immunized mice and purified mono- clonal antibodies were tested for anti-IL-2 activity by measuring binding to plastic-adsorbed IL-2.
  • IL-2 purified by gel filtration and IEF, or by immuno- affinity absorption (see immunoaffinity purification of IL-2) was distributed to 96-well microtiter plates (20 u/well) . After 18h at 25°C the wells were rinsed with Tris-HCl buffered saline (TBS) (pH 8.5) and incubated with 300 ul bovine serum albumin (BSA, 10 mg/ml in PBS) for 1 h at 37°C.
  • TBS Tris-HCl buffered saline
  • BSA bovine serum albumin
  • test plasma or antibody were added for 2 h at 37°C.
  • the wells were then washed three times with TBS-0.5% Tween-20 followed by the addition of 50 ul Sheep F (ab) ⁇ anti-mouse Ig-alkaline phosphatase conjugate (New England Nuclear, 650 ng/ l) .
  • 50 ul Sheep F (ab) ⁇ anti-mouse Ig-alkaline phosphatase conjugate New England Nuclear, 650 ng/ l
  • the wells were washed three times with TBS- Tween 20, (pH-8.0) and twice with distilled water.
  • Substrate paranitrophenyl phosphate, 10 mM was then added and after 30-60 min at 37°C the wells were observed visually or read in a spectrophoto- meter (410 nm) .
  • mice Twenty female Pristane-primed BALB/c g mice were inoculated with 5 x 10 hybridoma cells from midlog growth phase. After 10-14 days, the ascitic fluid was aspirated repeatedly from each mouse, clarified of cells and debris by centrifuga- tion (1000 x g, 15 min) and stored at -20°C in the presence of 0.02% NaN_.
  • IL-2-specific antibody activity was tested by ELISA. Protein concentration was estimated by the approximation that 1 mg of protein yields an absorbence of 1.2 at 280 nm in a cuvette with a path length of 1.0 cm. Ascitic fluids with high levels of antibody contained 30-35 mg/ml of protein and 6-7 mg/ml (20%) of specific antibody.
  • the ascitic fluid Prior to ammonium sulfa e precipitation, the ascitic fluid was rendered lipid free by centrifuga- tion (25,000 x g, 30 min, 0°C) followed by filtra ⁇ tion (Whatman No. 1) at 0°C.
  • the fluid was diluted with 50 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.8, 0.14 M NaCl to 10 mg.ml protein, and to 100 ml of diluted solution, 90 ml of room temperature saturated ammonium sulfate solution (adjusted to pH 7.8) was added slowly with vigorous stirring at 0°C. The solution was stirred on ice for 60 min then centrifuged at 1500 x g for 15 min at 4°C.
  • the antibody-containing protein pellet was resuspended in 20 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.8, 40 mM NaCl (2 ml per 100 ml original volume) and dialyzed over ⁇ night against 100 volumes of 20 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.9, 40 mM NaCl with at least one change of buffer.
  • the solution was clarified (27,000 x g, 10 min at 4°C) adjusted to pH 8.2 (IgG_ ) or pH 8.5 (IgG,) , and 200 mg applied to a Protein A-Sepha- rose 4B column (Sigma Chemical Company, St. Louis, MO, 10 ml gel volume) .
  • Affi-Gel 10 (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Richmond, CA) was washed on a sintered glass funnel with three volumes of ice-cold isopropanol, followed by three washes with ice cold distilled H 2 0.
  • the packed gel was mixed with an equal volume of 10 mg/ml purified antibody solution (equilbrated with 0.2M NaHCO,, pH 8.0, 0.3M NaCl by dialysis) and rotated end over end for 5h at 4°C. After reaction, the gel was centri- fuged and washed twice with 0.1M NaHCO-, 0.15 M NaCl to remove unbound antibody. Protein determination of the combined washes routinely revealed that more than 95% of antibody was coupled to the gel.
  • the gel was mixed with an equal volume of 0.1 M ethanolamine-HCl, pH 8.0 and rotated end over end at room temperature for 60 min.
  • the gel slurry was washed free of reactants with 10 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.5 and stored in the presence of 0.02% NaN 3 at 4°C.
  • the immunoabsorbent (1 ml gel in a 1 x 10 cm column) was washed with 10 ml 0.2 N acetic acid, pH 3.5.
  • the column pH was equili ⁇ brated with 50 mM Tris-HCl (pH7.5) followed by the passage of IL-2-containing supernatants (50 ml/h) .
  • the column was washed with 20 ml each of: 1 M NaCl, 10 mM Tris-HCl, (pH 7.5); 0.5% (w/v) Nonidet P-40, 10 mM Tris-HCl (pH 7.5); 10 mM Tris-HCl (pH 7.5); distilled H 2 0.
  • Bound IL-2 was eluted from the column by applying five 1 ml aliquots of 0.2 N acetic acid, each time draining the fluid to the bed volume. Eluted fractions were neutralized with 1 M Tris-HCL (pH 8.0) and tested for biological activi ⁇ ty, protein content (Bio-Rad) and analyzed by SDS-PAGE by the method of Laemmli [Nature (Lond.) 227: 680 (19700] [12% acrylamide, reducing conditions, silver stain (Bio-Rad) ] .
  • RPLC Reversed-Phase Liquid Chromatography
  • IL-2 Monoclonal Antibodies Listed in Table I are the steps that were found to be essential for the development of IL-2 mono ⁇ clonal antibodies. These include the identification of an adequate source of starting material for purification, the development of a purification scheme that provides high recovery of material for immunization, and the development of immunoassays
  • T-leukemia cell line JURKAT
  • IL-2 T-leukemia cell line
  • Figure 1 100-fold greater quantities of IL-2 could be recovered from this cell line compared to other sources of human IL-2.
  • PHA-stimulated normal human tonsil cells generally produce IL-1-containing conditioned medium with titers of 1:10 (50% of the maximum CTLL
  • JURKAT cells sustain a comparable biologic effect at titers of 1:1000 (range 1:300 to 1:1500) or 100
  • IL-2 activity was recover- 10 able in sufficient yield (50% of recovery of star ⁇ ting material) such that mice could be immunized with 20-30 ug of IL-2 protein.
  • IL-2 derived from JURKAT cells (the immunogen) , normal human tonsil cells and mouse splenocytes, whereas even at high antibody concentrations, there
  • IL-2 competed with the antibody effect in a concentration-dependent manner, such that 1.0 U/ml IL-2 (5 x 10 °M) completely overcame the suppressive effect of 500 ug/ml (3.3 x 10 ⁇ M) DMS-1 antibody.
  • 1.0 U/ml IL-2 5 x 10 °M
  • the suppressive effect 500 ug/ml (3.3 x 10 ⁇ M) DMS-1 antibody.
  • the immunoaffinity-purified IL-2 is homogeneous (see following sections) these results are only interpretable as demonstrating a competitive relationship between IL-2 and the monoclonal antibody.
  • DMS-3 proved much more effective than DMS-1 as an immunoabsorbent of human IL-2.
  • Table II A representative experiment where solid phase-DMS-1 and DMS-3 were compared as immunoabsorbents for IL-2 derived from several different sources is shown in Table II. Of particular interest was the observa ⁇ tion that DMS-3 absorbed human IL-2 more effectively than did DMS-1, while the DMS-1 antibody absorbed murine IL-2 to a greater extent than human IL-2. It is also notable that neither antibody absorbed rat-derived IL-2.
  • Conditioned media containing IL-2 (1 ml) were incubated with 1 ml antibody-coupled Aphi-gel 10 for 30 min at 37°C, eluted and then assayed for IL-2 biologic activity.
  • OMPI for the preparative purification of human IL-2.
  • JURKAT conditioned medium 1 ml column bed volumes were utilized (10-20 mg of coupled antibody) .
  • iJURKAT-derived conditioned medium containing 1.7 mg of IL-2 were passed through a 1 ml DMS-3 immunoaffinity column, followed by extensive washing (20 ml each of: 1.0M NaCl, 10 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.5; 0.5% Nonidet P-40, 10 mM Tris-HCl pH 7.5; 10 mM Tris-HCl pH 7.5; and H 2 0) to remove nonspecifi- cally-bound contaminants.
  • the bound IL-2 activity could be acid-eluted so that all of the activity was concentrated in 5 ml of eluate. Moreover, greater than 90% of the bound activity appeared in the first 2 ml.
  • the key aspects include develop ⁇ ment of a rapid, unambiguous, quantitative bioassay to monitor biochemical purification, the identifica ⁇ tion of cellular sources capable of producing the desired lymphokine in large quantities in protein- free medium, and the development of immunoassays utilizing highly purified lymphokine to facilitate the identification of anti-lymphokine secreting hybridomas.
  • monoclonal antibodies reactive to human IL-2 thus far produced and charac ⁇ terized using these methods, two have proven to be effective neutralizing antibodies. While all are useful for immunopurification of IL-2, the third, DMS-3, appears best-suited for the immunopurifica ⁇ tion of IL-2.
  • IL-2 The production and partial purification of sufficient quantities of IL-2 was advanced consider- ably by the selection of high producer clones and subclones of JURKAT T-leukemia cells. Since JURKAT cells produce IL-2 under serum-free conditions, the conditioned medium contained only 60 mg/L protein. Thus, as IL-2 accounts for 0.5% to 1.5% of the total protein present in the conditioned medium, only a
  • JURKAT-derived IL-2 streamlined the purification procedure to only two steps and made for the recovery of 50% of the initial activ- ity. Consequently, milligram quantities of suffi ⁇ ciently purified material could be readily generated for use in immunization, by comparison, Welte et al. recently reported a purification procedure for human IL-2 derived from peripheral blood cells.
  • the conditioned medium utilized by these investigators contained 3600 mg/L protein.
  • the conditioned medium utilized by these investigators contained 3600 mg/L protein.
  • a 37,000-fold purification was achieved, but five separative procedures were required and a total of only 55 ug of product was finally recovered.
  • mice immunized with IL-2 only partially purified, but known to contain 15-30 ug of IL-2 protein (calculated on the basis of the units of IL-2 activity inoculated) , developed plasma anti-IL-2 activity after only two inoculations.
  • monoclonal hybridomas secreting immunoglobulin reactive with immunopurified IL-2 by ELISA have recently been derived, using splenocytes from mice immunized in this fashion.
  • DMS-1 and DMS-2 neutralize IL-2 activity and inhibit radiolabeled IL-2 receptor binding with equal efficiency, the fact that only DMS-2 binds to IL-2 after it is bound to the receptor, suggests that DMS-2 may bind to an epitope that is adjacent to the active site, whereas DMS-1 is likely to bind the active site itself.
  • DMS-1-3 monoclonal antibodies should facilitate the identification of the active site from peptide fragments derived from IL-2.
  • the immunoaffinity purification of IL-2 described herein permits a rapid and efficient purification of the IL-2.
  • the affinity column can be washed extensively with various buffers so that nonspecifically bound proteins are virtually elimi ⁇ nated. Because of the remarkable stability of IL-2 to low pH, acid elution of IL-2 permits recovery of all of the bound activity.
  • CMPI S that the purified product be freed of contaminating peptides.
  • This is an especially critical consider ⁇ ation for lymphokines, since most appear to be biologically active at picomolar concentrations. Accordingly, to be confident that immunoaffinity- purified IL-2 was free of contaminants, aliquots were examined by SDS-PAGE, RPLC, and amino acid sequence analysis. Within the limits of detection by these procedures, the immunoaffinity-purified product contains only a single protein. Therefore, it has been possible for the first time to obtain relatively large quantities of IL-2 in a state of purity appropriate for detailed studies of structureactivity relationships. Moreover, a lymphokine preparation that meets these criteria assures that _in vitro and ⁇ n vivo biological studies with this IL-2 can be interpreted unambiguously.

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EP19840903727 1983-09-20 1984-09-20 Monoklonaler anti-interleukin-2-antikörper für die immunfallung von interleukin-2 Withdrawn EP0155319A1 (de)

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DE3329449A1 (de) * 1983-08-16 1985-03-07 Biotest-Serum-Institut Gmbh, 6000 Frankfurt Monoklonaler antikoerper, der eine struktur erkennt, die dem human-interleukin-2 (tcgf) und der leichten kette (lambda) von humanimmunglobulin gemeinsam ist, und hybridoma-zell-linien, die diese monoklonalen antikoerper produzieren
JPS62269698A (ja) * 1986-03-17 1987-11-24 エフ．ホフマン　―　ラ　ロシュ　アーゲー Ｉｌ−２蛋白質に対するモノクロ−ナル抗体

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JPS5939832A (ja) * 1982-08-28 1984-03-05 Ajinomoto Co Inc モノクロ−ナル抗体ならびにその製法、使用法
JPS59116231A (ja) * 1982-12-13 1984-07-05 スロ−ン−ケツタリング・インステイテユ−ト・フオ−・キヤンサ−・リサ−チ 抗−インタ−ロイキン−２単クロ−ン抗体

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See references of WO8501298A1 *

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