EP0154810B1 - Method of covering and thermally isolating walls, roofs or the like and device for realising this method - Google Patents
Method of covering and thermally isolating walls, roofs or the like and device for realising this method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0154810B1 EP0154810B1 EP85101325A EP85101325A EP0154810B1 EP 0154810 B1 EP0154810 B1 EP 0154810B1 EP 85101325 A EP85101325 A EP 85101325A EP 85101325 A EP85101325 A EP 85101325A EP 0154810 B1 EP0154810 B1 EP 0154810B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- coating
- strips
- smoothing
- distance
- heat
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
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Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
- E04F13/00—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings
- E04F13/02—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings of plastic materials hardening after applying, e.g. plaster
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49826—Assembling or joining
- Y10T29/49888—Subsequently coating
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49826—Assembling or joining
- Y10T29/49947—Assembling or joining by applying separate fastener
- Y10T29/49963—Threaded fastener
- Y10T29/49964—At least one part nonmetallic
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method and a device system for coating and heat insulation of walls, ceilings or the like.
- a heat-insulating layer that can be applied by spraying, in particular a polyurethane layer.
- the object of the invention is therefore to provide a method for coating and heat insulation of walls, ceilings or the like, by means of which the above-mentioned disadvantages are avoided and heat insulation can be produced particularly inexpensively with an optimal mode of operation. It is a further object of the invention to propose a device with which the method according to the invention can be carried out simply and efficiently.
- the invention has the advantage over the known methods that when a polyurethane layer is used as the heat insulation layer there is an optimal connection to the masonry or to the surface to be insulated.
- Polyurethane has excellent adhesive properties and creates a good bond with almost any surface.
- the insulating material is immediately connected to the substrate. When sprayed on, the material penetrates any cavities and swells up to 40 times its original volume within seconds.
- a polyurethane insulation layer has a significantly more favorable water vapor diffusion resistance. As a result, the walls to be insulated remain dry without additional measures having to be taken.
- the scraper strips are removed after smoothing the surface and the resulting cracks are also foamed.
- the aftertreatment of this small area can be done using a sharp electric knife or the like.
- pipes are used as pulling strips. These can easily have a length of 6 m with a diameter of 2 cm in order to be able to treat larger areas at the same time.
- the pipes are screwed onto the surface to be treated using spacer bolts.
- the length of the spacer bolts plus the diameter of the tubes gives the thickness of the polyurethane layer to be applied. Different thicknesses of the polyurethane layer are achieved by using different spacer bolts.
- the thickness of the pull-off strip designed as a tube should be as small as possible so that the polyurethane to be applied can swell beneath the tube.
- tubes with a diameter of approx. 20 mm, which are arranged parallel to each other at a distance of one meter have proven their worth.
- the invention further provides that a special chainsaw is proposed for performing the method.
- This chain saw designed like a tree saw, has an oversized saw blade with a length of more than 1 m in order to bridge the distance between the two pulling strips arranged in parallel.
- the chain links receive an increased number of cutting blades compared to conventional chains in order to achieve a clean cut without post-treatment.
- At least two pull-off strips 11, 12 designed as tubes are screwed onto the wall or ceiling 10 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 using spacer sleeves 13.
- the fastening screws must be countersunk so that the pull strips form a continuous surface.
- the length of the spacer sleeves 13 is dimensioned such that, with the diameter of the tube, it represents the thickness d of the polyurethane layer 14 to be applied.
- z. B. tubes with a diameter of 20 mm and spacers with a length of 20 mm are used. Of course, these dimensions can vary.
- Polyurethane foam is then applied in a known manner to the intermediate space 15 between the pull-off strips 11, 12 designed as tubes in a spraying process.
- This foam hardens in a few seconds and can then be smoothed using a chainsaw 16.
- the blade length 17 of the chainsaw 16 must be made so long that the free distance between the tubes 11, 12 is bridged.
- the chain links 20 have cutting blades on every or every second chain link in order to significantly increase the cutting performance of the chain saw.
- small brushes made of V2A steel can be attached or soldered to this side, which take on additional smoothing or dust removal from the surface.
- a chain saw 16 is, for example, a saw with a rotation of approx. 4,000 rpm, a power of 1,100 watts and a chain feed of 300 mm / sec.
- the invention is particularly suitable for the thermal insulation of external facades in new and existing buildings or for the renovation of old buildings.
- a conventional external plaster can be applied directly to the insulating layer applied by the method according to the invention.
- the invention can also be used in the interior of buildings.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Building Environments (AREA)
- Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
- Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
- Working Measures On Existing Buildindgs (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren und ein Vorrichtungssystem zur Beschichtung und Wärmeisolierung von Wänden, Decken oder dgl. mit einer im Spritzverfahren auftragbaren Wärmedämmschicht, insbesondere Polyurethanschicht.The invention relates to a method and a device system for coating and heat insulation of walls, ceilings or the like. With a heat-insulating layer that can be applied by spraying, in particular a polyurethane layer.
Im Zeichen erhöhter Brennstoffkosten und sparsameren Umgang mit Brennstoffen gewinnt die Gebäudeisolierung immer mehr an Bedeutung. Es iSbbekannt, Wände von innen oder von außen mit Dämmstoffplatten aus Polystyrol (Hartschaum) zu isolieren. Nach dem Aufkleben der Platten müssen die Fugen verspachtelt und die ganze Fläche mit einer Matte überzogen werden, um Spannungsrisse im darauf aufzubringenden Putz zu verhindern. Dieses Verfahren hat den Nachteil, daß nicht immer eine optimale Haftung zwischen den Hartschaumplatten und dem Untergrund gewährleistet ist und daß die Nachbehandlung bis zum Aufbringen des Putzes zeitintensiv und damit kostenintensiv ist.Building insulation is becoming increasingly important in the face of increased fuel costs and more economical use of fuels. It bbekannt S i to isolate walls from the inside or from the outside by insulating plates made of polystyrene (hard foam). After the boards have been glued on, the joints must be filled and the entire surface covered with a mat to prevent stress cracks in the plaster to be applied. This method has the disadvantage that optimal adhesion between the rigid foam panels and the substrate is not always guaranteed and that the aftertreatment until the plaster is applied is time-consuming and therefore cost-intensive.
Es ist weiterhin bekannt, Dächer mit einer Polyurethanschicht zu versehen. Hierbei wird die Schicht im Sprühverfahren mehr oder weniger unkontrolliert auf die Dachoberfläche aufgetragen und mit einem Schutzanstrich versehen. Dieses Verfahren hat den Nachteil, daß eine sehr grobe Oberfläche entsteht, die insbesondere uneben und nicht zur weiteren Verwendung geeignet ist.It is also known to provide roofs with a polyurethane layer. The layer is sprayed onto the roof surface more or less in an uncontrolled manner and provided with a protective coating. This method has the disadvantage that a very coarse surface is created, which is particularly uneven and is not suitable for further use.
Durch die DE-A-2 623 011 ist ferner ein Verfahren zum Herstellen von fugenlosen Wärmeisolierungen an Außenwänden bekannt. Die Wand wird hierbei mit ortgeschäumtem Polyurethan-Hartschaum in der gewünschten Stärke beschichtet und nach dem Härten des PU-Schaumes wird die glatte Schaumhaut abgefräst und dabei die Hartschaumoberfläche geebnet und aufgerauht. Danach wird auf diese Fläche Putz aufgebracht.From DE-A-2 623 011 a method for producing seamless thermal insulation on outer walls is also known. The wall is coated with locally foamed rigid polyurethane foam in the desired thickness and after the PU foam has hardened, the smooth foam skin is milled off and the hard foam surface is leveled and roughened. Then plaster is applied to this surface.
Durch die GB-A-2 062 049 ist es ferner bekannt, mittels einer Längsschneidvorrichtung eine Wärmedämmschicht abzuziehen und zu glätten. Auch wenn bei dem Verfahren nach der erstgenannten Druckschrift eine Schneidvorrichtung nach dieser Art eingesetzt wird, ist eine rationelle Verfahrensweise nicht gegeben.From GB-A-2 062 049 it is also known to remove and smooth a thermal insulation layer by means of a longitudinal cutting device. Even if a cutting device of this type is used in the method according to the first-mentioned publication, there is no rational procedure.
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es daher, ein Verfahren zur Beschichtung und Wärmeisolierung von Wänden, Decken oder dgl. zu schaffen, mittels dem die oben genannten Nachteile vermieden werden und Wärmeisolierungen insbesondere kostengünstig bei optimaler Wirkungsweise herstellbar sind. Es ist weiterhin Aufgabe der Erfindung, eine Vorrichtung vorzuschlagen, mit welcher das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren einfach und rationell durchführbar ist.The object of the invention is therefore to provide a method for coating and heat insulation of walls, ceilings or the like, by means of which the above-mentioned disadvantages are avoided and heat insulation can be produced particularly inexpensively with an optimal mode of operation. It is a further object of the invention to propose a device with which the method according to the invention can be carried out simply and efficiently.
Diese Aufgabe wird durch den Verfahrensanspruch 1 sowie durch den Vorrichtungsanspruch 4 gelöst.This object is achieved by method claim 1 and by device claim 4.
Die Erfindung hat gegenüber den bekannten Verfahren den Vorteil, daß bei Verwendung einer Polyurethanschicht als Wärmedämmschicht eine optimale Verbindung zum Mauerwerk bzw. zur zu isolierenden Fläche besteht. Polyurethan hat hervorragende Klebeeigenschaften und stellt eine gute Verbindung mit fast jedem Untergrund her. Beim Auftragen bzw. Aufsprühen entsteht eine sofortige Anbindung des Isoliermaterials mit dem Untergrund. Beim Aufsprühen dringt das Material in jegliche Hohlräume ein und quillt innerhalb Sekunden um das 40-fache seines Ursprungsvolumens auf. Gegenüber bekannten Hartschaumplatten weist eine Polyurethanisolierschicht einen wesentlich günstigeren Wasserdampf-Diffusionswiderstand auf. Hierdurch bleiben die zu isolierenden Wände trocken, ohne daß zusätzliche Maßnahmen ergriffen werden müssen.The invention has the advantage over the known methods that when a polyurethane layer is used as the heat insulation layer there is an optimal connection to the masonry or to the surface to be insulated. Polyurethane has excellent adhesive properties and creates a good bond with almost any surface. When applying or spraying, the insulating material is immediately connected to the substrate. When sprayed on, the material penetrates any cavities and swells up to 40 times its original volume within seconds. Compared to known rigid foam panels, a polyurethane insulation layer has a significantly more favorable water vapor diffusion resistance. As a result, the walls to be insulated remain dry without additional measures having to be taken.
Gegenüber der Isolierung mit Hartschaumplatten können beim erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren sehr große Flächen in einem Arbeitsgang beschichtet und mittels einer speziellen Kettensäge völlig glatt abgezogen werden. Zur genauen Bestimmung der Dicke der Polyurethanschicht werden parallel angeordnete Abziehleisten auf die zu beschichtende Fläche aufgebracht, wobei mittels einer überdimensionalen Kettensäge ein Abziehen bzw. Glätten der Oberfläche erfolgt.Compared to insulation with hard foam panels, very large areas can be coated in one operation in the process according to the invention and can be removed completely smoothly using a special chainsaw. For precise determination of the thickness of the polyurethane layer, peel strips arranged in parallel are applied to the surface to be coated, the surface being peeled off or smoothed using an oversized chain saw.
Die Abziehleisten werden nach Glättung der Oberfläche abgenommen und die entstehenden Ritzen ebenfalls ausgeschäumt. Die Nachbehandlung dieses kleinen Bereiches kann mittels einem scharfen Elektromesser oder dgl. geschehen.The scraper strips are removed after smoothing the surface and the resulting cracks are also foamed. The aftertreatment of this small area can be done using a sharp electric knife or the like.
In den Unteransprüchen sind weitere Maßnahmen zur Lösung der erfindungsgemäßen Aufgabe und zur vorteilhaften Weiterbildung des Verfahrens nach Anspruch 1 vorgesehen.In the subclaims, further measures for solving the problem according to the invention and for advantageously developing the method according to claim 1 are provided.
Gemäß dem Unteranspruch 2 werden Rohre als Abziehleisten verwendet. Diese können ohne weiteres eine Länge von 6 m bei einem Durchmesser von 2 cm aufweisen, um größere Flächen gleichzeitig behandeln zu können. Die Rohre werden mittels Distanzbolzen auf die zu behandelnde Oberfläche aufgeschraubt. Dabei ergibt die Länge der Distanzbolzen plus der Durchmesser der Rohre die Dicke der aufzutragenden Polyurethanschicht. Durch Verwendung von unterschiedlichen Distanzbolzen werden unterschiedliche Dicken der Polyurethanschicht erzielt. Die Dicke der als Rohr ausgebildeten Abziehleiste sollte möglichst gering sein, damit das aufzutragende Polyurethan unterhalb des Rohres durchquillen kann. Bezüglich der mechanischen Festigkeit und der einfachen Handhabung haben sich Rohre mit einem Durchmesser von ca. 20 mm bewährt, die in einem Abstand von einem Meter parallel zueinander angeordnet sind.According to subclaim 2, pipes are used as pulling strips. These can easily have a length of 6 m with a diameter of 2 cm in order to be able to treat larger areas at the same time. The pipes are screwed onto the surface to be treated using spacer bolts. The length of the spacer bolts plus the diameter of the tubes gives the thickness of the polyurethane layer to be applied. Different thicknesses of the polyurethane layer are achieved by using different spacer bolts. The thickness of the pull-off strip designed as a tube should be as small as possible so that the polyurethane to be applied can swell beneath the tube. With regard to the mechanical strength and the simple handling, tubes with a diameter of approx. 20 mm, which are arranged parallel to each other at a distance of one meter, have proven their worth.
Die Erfindung sieht weiterhin vor, daß eine spezielle Kettensäge zur Durchführung des Verfahrens vorgeschlagen wird. Diese nach Art einer Baumsäge ausgeführte Kettensäge weist ein überdimensionales Sägeblatt von einer Länge von größer als 1 m auf, um den Abstand zwischen den beiden parallel angeordneten Abziehleisten zu überbrücken. Weiterhin ist vorgesehen, daß die Kettenglieder gegenüber herkömmlichen Ketten eine erhöhte Anzahl von Schneidblättchen erhalten, um einen sauberen Schnitt ohne Nachbehandlung zu erzielen. In diesem Zusammenhang ist es von Vorteil, daß zwischen den Kettengliedern Bürsten aus V2A-Stahl angeordnet sind, die die Oberfläche von Sägestaub befreien.The invention further provides that a special chainsaw is proposed for performing the method. This chain saw, designed like a tree saw, has an oversized saw blade with a length of more than 1 m in order to bridge the distance between the two pulling strips arranged in parallel. Furthermore, it is provided that the chain links receive an increased number of cutting blades compared to conventional chains in order to achieve a clean cut without post-treatment. In this context, it is advantageous that between the chains structure brushes made of V2A steel that remove sawdust from the surface.
In diesem Zusammenhang wird darauf hingewiesen, daß durch die US-A-3 026 918 eine Kettensäge zum Durchtrennen von Baumstümpfen an sich bereits bekannt ist.In this connection, it is pointed out that US-A-3 026 918 already discloses a chain saw for cutting tree stumps.
Die Erfindung wird ergänzend anhand der Figurenbeschreibung erläutert.
- Fig. 1 zeigt einen Ausschnitt aus einer zu beschichtenden Fläche,
- Fig. 2 einen Schnitt gemäß I-I in Fig. 1.
- 1 shows a section of a surface to be coated,
- FIG. 2 shows a section according to II in FIG. 1.
Auf die in den Fig. 1 und 2 dargestellte Wand oder Decke 10 werden wenigstens zwei als Rohre ausgebildete Abziehleisten 11, 12 unter Verwendung von Distanzhülsen 13 aufgeschraubt. Die Befestigungsschrauben müssen dabei versenkt werden, damit die Abziehleisten eine durchgehende Oberfläche bilden. Die Länge der Distanzhülsen 13 wird derart bemessen, daß diese mit dem Durchmesser des Rohres die Dicke d der aufzubringenden Polyurethanschicht 14 darstellt. Zur Aufbringung einer 40 mm dicken Polyurethanschicht werden deshalb z. B. Rohre mit einem Durchmesser von 20 mm und Distanzhülsen mit einer Länge von ebenfalls 20 mm verwendet. Selbstverständlich können diese Maße variieren.At least two pull-off
In den Zwischenraum 15 zwischen den als Rohre ausgebildeten Abziehleisten 11, 12 wird dann in an sich bekannter Weise Polyurethanschaum im Sprühverfahren aufgetragen. Dieser Schaum härtet in wenigen Sekunden aus und kann dann mittels einer Kettensäge 16 geglättet werden. Die Blattlänge 17 der Kettensäge 16 muß dabei so lang ausgeführt werden, daß der freie Abstand zwischen den Rohren 11, 12 überbrückt wird.Polyurethane foam is then applied in a known manner to the
Zumindest auf der der zu beschichtenden Wand zugeordneten Seite 18 des Blattes 17 der Kette 16 weisen die Kettenglieder 20 an jedem oder jedem zweiten Kettenglied Schneidblättchen auf um die Schnittleistung der Kettensäge wesentlich zu erhöhen. Zusätzlich können an dieser Seite kleine Bürstchen aus V2A-Stahl befestigt bzw. angelötet sein, die ein zusätzliches Glätten bzw. ein Entstauben der Oberfläche übernehmen.At least on the
Als Kettensäge 16 eignet sich beispielsweise eine Säge mit einer Umdrehung von ca. 4.000 U/min., einer Leistung von 1.100 Watt und einem Kettenvorschub von 300 mm/Sek.A
Die Erfindung eignet sich insbesondere zur Wärmeisolierung von Außenfassaden bei Neubauten und bestehenden Bauten bzw. zur Altbausanierung. Auf die nach dem erfindungsgemä- βen Verfahren aufgebrachte Isolierschicht kann direkt ein herkömmlicher Außenputz aufgetragen werden.The invention is particularly suitable for the thermal insulation of external facades in new and existing buildings or for the renovation of old buildings. A conventional external plaster can be applied directly to the insulating layer applied by the method according to the invention.
Selbstverständlich kann die Erfindung auch im Innenbereich von Gebäuden Verwendung finden.Of course, the invention can also be used in the interior of buildings.
Claims (6)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT85101325T ATE46738T1 (en) | 1984-02-29 | 1985-02-08 | PROCESSES FOR COATING AND THERMAL INSULATION OF WALLS AND CEILINGS OR THE LIKE. AND DEVICE FOR CARRYING OUT THE PROCESS. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19843407459 DE3407459A1 (en) | 1984-02-29 | 1984-02-29 | METHOD FOR COATING AND HEAT-INSULATING WALLS AND CEILINGS OR THE LIKE AND DEVICE FOR IMPLEMENTING THE METHOD |
DE3407459 | 1984-02-29 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0154810A2 EP0154810A2 (en) | 1985-09-18 |
EP0154810A3 EP0154810A3 (en) | 1986-10-01 |
EP0154810B1 true EP0154810B1 (en) | 1989-09-27 |
Family
ID=6229227
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP85101325A Expired EP0154810B1 (en) | 1984-02-29 | 1985-02-08 | Method of covering and thermally isolating walls, roofs or the like and device for realising this method |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4638545A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0154810B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE46738T1 (en) |
CH (1) | CH669009A5 (en) |
DE (2) | DE3407459A1 (en) |
ZA (1) | ZA851009B (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3601689A1 (en) * | 1986-01-17 | 1987-07-23 | Montenovo Werke Hans Heitmann | Heat-insulating, non-combustible facade cladding |
GB2413571B (en) * | 2004-04-29 | 2006-04-12 | Andy Christopher State | Roof insulation system |
CN107268951A (en) * | 2017-08-13 | 2017-10-20 | 唐云龙 | A kind of deashing device for building |
CN111677244B (en) * | 2020-06-23 | 2021-10-22 | 倪水木 | House building coating construction method |
Family Cites Families (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2741280A (en) * | 1951-09-15 | 1956-04-10 | Oregon Saw Chain Corp | Saw chain with saw bar groove cleaning means |
US3026918A (en) * | 1958-12-29 | 1962-03-27 | Philip C Dooley | Level attachment for chain saw |
US3364640A (en) * | 1964-07-09 | 1968-01-23 | Guddal Karl | Building stud |
DE2623011A1 (en) * | 1976-05-22 | 1977-12-08 | Friedrich Schneider | Cavity-free heat-insulation of outer walls - by forming in-situ foamed hard polyurethane coating which is roughened and plastered |
DE2638002A1 (en) * | 1976-08-24 | 1978-04-20 | Eberhard Ing Grad Seehawer | Wall or ceiling surface finisher - uses electrically heated cutting wire on cross carrier moved through surface layer |
US4288962A (en) * | 1979-02-27 | 1981-09-15 | Kavanaugh Harvey H | Method of forming structural walls and roofs |
GB2062049B (en) * | 1979-10-31 | 1983-03-30 | Deane D | Foam coating and levelling technique |
US4489530A (en) * | 1981-12-23 | 1984-12-25 | Chi Ming Chang | Sandwich wall structure and the method for constructing the same |
-
1984
- 1984-02-29 DE DE19843407459 patent/DE3407459A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1985
- 1985-02-08 EP EP85101325A patent/EP0154810B1/en not_active Expired
- 1985-02-08 AT AT85101325T patent/ATE46738T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1985-02-08 DE DE8585101325T patent/DE3573286D1/en not_active Expired
- 1985-02-11 ZA ZA851009A patent/ZA851009B/en unknown
- 1985-02-15 CH CH711/85A patent/CH669009A5/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1985-02-28 US US06/706,713 patent/US4638545A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE3573286D1 (en) | 1989-11-02 |
DE3407459A1 (en) | 1985-09-26 |
CH669009A5 (en) | 1989-02-15 |
EP0154810A2 (en) | 1985-09-18 |
EP0154810A3 (en) | 1986-10-01 |
US4638545A (en) | 1987-01-27 |
ATE46738T1 (en) | 1989-10-15 |
ZA851009B (en) | 1985-09-25 |
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