EP0153675B1 - Internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Internal combustion engine Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0153675B1
EP0153675B1 EP85101698A EP85101698A EP0153675B1 EP 0153675 B1 EP0153675 B1 EP 0153675B1 EP 85101698 A EP85101698 A EP 85101698A EP 85101698 A EP85101698 A EP 85101698A EP 0153675 B1 EP0153675 B1 EP 0153675B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cylinder
internal combustion
combustion engine
wobble
output shaft
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP85101698A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0153675A2 (en
EP0153675A3 (en
Inventor
Ludwig Wenker
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Individual
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Individual
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Priority to AT85101698T priority Critical patent/ATE57742T1/en
Publication of EP0153675A2 publication Critical patent/EP0153675A2/en
Publication of EP0153675A3 publication Critical patent/EP0153675A3/en
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Publication of EP0153675B1 publication Critical patent/EP0153675B1/en
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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02BINTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B75/00Other engines
    • F02B75/28Engines with two or more pistons reciprocating within same cylinder or within essentially coaxial cylinders
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01BMACHINES OR ENGINES, IN GENERAL OR OF POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT TYPE, e.g. STEAM ENGINES
    • F01B3/00Reciprocating-piston machines or engines with cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis
    • F01B3/02Reciprocating-piston machines or engines with cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis with wobble-plate
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02BINTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B75/00Other engines
    • F02B75/26Engines with cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main-shaft axis; Engines with cylinder axes arranged substantially tangentially to a circle centred on main-shaft axis
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02BINTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B75/00Other engines
    • F02B75/02Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke
    • F02B2075/022Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke having less than six strokes per cycle
    • F02B2075/025Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke having less than six strokes per cycle two
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02BINTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B75/00Other engines
    • F02B75/02Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke
    • F02B2075/022Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke having less than six strokes per cycle
    • F02B2075/027Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke having less than six strokes per cycle four
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02BINTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B2275/00Other engines, components or details, not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • F02B2275/14Direct injection into combustion chamber
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02BINTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B3/00Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition
    • F02B3/06Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition with compression ignition
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T74/00Machine element or mechanism
    • Y10T74/18Mechanical movements
    • Y10T74/18056Rotary to or from reciprocating or oscillating
    • Y10T74/18296Cam and slide
    • Y10T74/18336Wabbler type

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an internal combustion engine with four cylinders arranged in parallel and concentrically around a central output shaft in a machine housing, each of which contains two opposed pistons, which are coupled by connecting rods to wobble elements arranged on the output shaft, which are supported on the machine housing against a rotational movement with the output shaft .
  • each wobble element consists of a hollow annular body and an annular disk which is relatively rotatably mounted therein and which is non-rotatably coupled to the output shaft and is mounted obliquely relative to it.
  • Radially projecting pins are fastened in the outer edge region of the circular ring body and engage in stationary guide slots running parallel to the output shaft.
  • the disadvantage here is that the four pins of each annular body in the four guide slots are subjected to extremely high loads because they are axially displaced under load in the slots and at the same time are pressed and rotated laterally against the slot walls. A large part of the drive power transmitted by the pistons is consumed in the process. The mechanical wear between the pins and the slot guides is extremely high. In addition, reliable lubrication in this area is very difficult, which results in a very low working speed of the internal combustion engine.
  • each wobble element has an annular toothed ring on an inner side facing the machine housing, to which a congruent toothed ring is assigned on the machine housing.
  • the ring gear of the wobble element rolls on the ring gear of the machine housing in order to prevent the wobble element from rotating with the output shaft. This leads to unusually high mechanical wear and undesirable running noise between the sprockets.
  • the invention has for its object to provide an internal combustion engine of the type mentioned, which is characterized by a simple, reliable and compact structure and in which the pistons run in their working movement without significant tilting or tilting loads in the cylinders.
  • each wobble element consists of two separate, one-piece halves which can be rotated relative to one another about the wobble axis of the wobble element which is at an angle to the output shaft and are mounted on a collar which is non-rotatably connected to the output shaft, that on each half the Connecting rods of two diametrically opposed pistons are supported, and that each half engages in a single guide of the machine housing running parallel to the output shaft.
  • the radians measured in the circumferential direction of the wobble element between the support points of the connecting rods are not rigid because the two halves of the wobble element can rotate relative to one another.
  • the pistons run largely without clamping force because the connecting rods are almost in line with the cylinder axes over the entire stroke movement of the pistons. Due to the low load on the connecting rods and their only weak deflection, the connecting rods can be light and short, so that the wobble elements can be placed close to the cylinders, which leads to a compact construction of the engine.
  • a guide is sufficient for the correct guidance of the halves of the wobble element, in the area of which there are predeterminable and negligible frictional relationships.
  • the interaction of the easily controllable guides, the short and light connecting rods and the pistons running without clamping force results in a high possible working speed of the internal combustion engine and an improved efficiency compared to the prior art.
  • the internal combustion engine becomes universal in its application if the features of claim 3 are realized.
  • the compression of the combustion mixture can be changed by moving the swash plate on the drive shaft, which can also take place during operation. This creates a good adaptation of the engine to the available combustion material and the required performance.
  • a cardan or universal joint can transmit practically all the forces exerted by the piston to the wobble element in such a way that it can only generate the output torque of the output shaft with minimal losses.
  • the two pistons come within a short distance and delimit a relatively flat combustion chamber.
  • the cylinder liners work in the manner of poppet valves, which are penetrated by pistons, whereby a good seal can be achieved at the time of ignition, because the sealing surfaces of the cylinder liners are well supported on the valve seats in the expansion, whereby the explosion pressure also improves the seal in the axial direction.
  • An internal combustion engine 1 has a machine housing, partially cut open in FIG. 1, with integrated transverse walls 11, which can be dismantled into two essential halves in the form of a block and transverse to the longitudinal direction at 5. The halves are held together by connecting elements 6.
  • the machine housing is penetrated by a central, longitudinally continuous output shaft 2, around which four cylinders 3, 4 are arranged concentrically and in parallel.
  • Each cylinder 3, 4 consists of a socket part (eg 3) arranged in one half of the machine housing, which continues in a socket part (eg 4) arranged in the other half.
  • the space of the machine housing between the walls 11 and around the cylinders 3, 4 is usually flowed through by a cooling medium with which the cylinder heat is dissipated or distributed.
  • a cooling medium with which the cylinder heat is dissipated or distributed.
  • outlet and inlet guides 7, 8 are provided as annular channels around the cylinders 3, 4, which are indicated by openings 9, 10 to a supply or discharge system, for example a Carburetor or an exhaust system can be connected.
  • end plates 12, 13 are connected to the machine housing, in which bearings for the output shaft 2 are located.
  • the machine housing is divided by the transverse walls 11, the end plates 12, 13 and parting plane 5 into sections which are attached to one another in sections and which can be replaced individually.
  • Pistons 38 are arranged in the cylinders 3, 4 (FIGS. 2 and 3), and in each cylinder 3, 4 two pistons 38 with the same axis and working in opposite directions.
  • Each piston 38 is connected to a wobble element 40, 41 via a connecting rod 14 or a push rod a wobble pair 15 connected, which are rotatably mounted on the output shaft 2 about a fixed wobble axis 16 (indicated by dash-dotted lines).
  • the two wobble elements 40, 41 of the wobble pair are opposed to each other in longitudinal section — according to FIG. 2 — in each rotational position of the output shaft 2.
  • the wobble elements 40, 41 are cross-shaped.
  • a connecting rod 14 is connected to each free end of the cross-shaped wobble element 40, 41 either via a cardan joint 17 or via a ball joint consisting of ball head 44 and ball joint bearing 43 (see FIG. 2 below).
  • Each connecting rod 14 is connected to the associated piston 38 either via a conventional piston pin 46 (FIG. 3) or likewise via a ball joint.
  • Two guides 18 for each end 16 of a pair of wobble elements 15 are fastened to the end plates 13, 14, wherein each guide 18 defines a guide path running parallel to the output shaft 2 for the engaging end of the wobble element pair 15.
  • a sprocket 20 sits on the output shaft near the plate 13, which drives a second sprocket 22 via a chain 21, which drives a sprocket 32 and a further chain 33 a sprocket 23 via a shaft 31, which sprocket coaxially with the output shaft 2 rotatably mounted control shaft 24 is attached.
  • the control shaft 24 passes through the machine housing and projects beyond both walls 11.
  • a control cam wheel 34 is attached, which carries a control cam 26.
  • a control cam wheel 25 can be seen in FIG. 1 with a corresponding control cam 26.
  • ring flanges 27 are attached to the rotary bearing of control rings.
  • the control rings 28 are rotatably guided in exact alignment on one cylinder axis.
  • several oblique slots 29 are provided distributed over the circumference, into which follow members 30 engage, which are firmly connected to a cylinder liner 45 (FIG. 2) which defines the raceway for the respective piston 38.
  • a counter cam 35 is provided on each control ring 28, which interacts with the control cam 26 of the control cam wheel 34 or 25.
  • Spring elements 67 (FIG. 1) are provided so that the counter cams 35 of all the control rings 28 are constantly in contact with the control cam wheel 34 or 25.
  • Pins 19 are let into the cylinders 3, 4 and engage in longitudinal grooves 19a on the outside of the cylinder bushes 45 and guide them in a displaceable but non-rotatable manner.
  • the control rings 28 of all the cylinders are rotated in time coordination with the respective positions of the pistons 38 in the cylinder bushes 45 via the two control cams 26 which are offset from one another. From this rotary movement, a displacement movement of the cylinder bushes 45 in the direction of the cylinder axis is effected via the oblique slots 29 and the followers 30, the purpose of which will be explained later.
  • Bores 36 are formed in the cylinder walls (FIG.
  • a sealing ring 71, 71a is provided in the outer circumference, which is used for gas sealing between the cylinder 3 and the cylinder sleeve 45, 45a, 45b is used.
  • the bearing of the wobble element pairs 15 can be seen in detail in FIG. 2.
  • An inclined collar 39 is arranged on the output shaft 2, on which the wobble elements 40, 41 are rotatably mounted via a bearing 40a.
  • the wobble element pair 15 consists of the two halves 40, 41 which can be rotated relative to one another and are prevented from separating from one another by covers 42.
  • the collar 39 is not only inclined in Fig. 2 in the plane of the drawing, but also transversely to the plane of the drawing, so that a pressure force exerted to the left by the piston 38 located in Fig. 2 tries to tilt the wobble element pair 15 to the left, which is only possible , if the output shaft 2 rotates at the same time.
  • the inclined collar 39 is fastened on a bushing 68, which is slidably mounted on the output shaft 2 with a steep thread 69.
  • the bushing 68 may also be moved with a lever 70 during operation, the pistons causing a change in compression.
  • Fig. 3 the combustion chamber of a cylinder 3, 4 is shown in a longitudinal section.
  • a circumferential and protruding projection 48 is formed by the two parts of the cylinder 3, 4, which as a crimping head at a right angle as in the upper part of FIG. 3 or at a different angle as in the lower part of the figure Piston raceway indicated and the piston crown is adjusted accordingly in the area up to which the pistons 38 are able to move in the axial direction.
  • the projection 48 is rounded like a flute and has an opening 50 into which a spark plug 51 is screwed.
  • the fillet 49 together with dome-shaped depressions 53 in the bottoms of the two pistons 38, forms the spherical combustion chamber of the cylinder 3, 4. 3, the coolant channels around the cylinders 3, 4 are indicated in FIG. 3, which have supply via channel 52a.
  • circumferential grooves 47 are formed in the extension of the cylinder sleeves, into which the free ends 45 'of the cylinder sleeves 45 immerse in the position shown (shortly before the ignition point), so that they give access to the inlet or Seal outlet guides 7, 8.
  • the ends 45a 'of the cylinder liners 45a facing the combustion chamber have funnel-shaped extensions, on which sealing surfaces 55 are provided, which cooperate with corresponding valve seats 56 of a bulged extension of the cylinder 3, 4 in the manner of poppet valves.
  • one of the two cylinder liners 45a is displaced towards the other.
  • the pistons 38 approach further in this embodiment than in the embodiment of FIG. 3 with the spherical combustion chamber.
  • the piston crowns can optionally be provided with squeezing edges which contribute to a good swirling of the fuel-gas mixture.
  • the two cylinder liners of a cylinder are connected to one another to form an integral cylinder liner 45b.
  • this has a row of passages 59 running in the circumferential direction and an ignition opening 58.
  • the cylinder liner 45b is displaceable between a central position (FIG. 5) and a left and a right end position. In the middle position, the passages 59 are closed by the inner wall of the cylinder 3, 4.
  • the ignition opening 58 is aligned with the spark plug 51.
  • the passages 59 and the ignition opening 58 are connected to corresponding openings 61 for the outlet guide 7.
  • a single control cam 64 arranged on the control shaft 24 is provided, which here has a circumferentially wavy guide track 65 for a follower 63, which is fixedly attached to a transverse pin of the cylinder liner 45b.
  • the cross pin 62 can only be displaced in a guide 66 in the cylinder 45b parallel to the cylinder axis.
  • the end positions of the passages 59 are indicated in dashed lines in FIG. 5.
  • the internal combustion engine can also be operated according to the two-stroke principle, for which no movable cylinder sleeves are required, but rather conventional control slots in a fixed cylinder sleeve, which are reciprocally driven over by the piston movement occurring with a certain displacement.
  • the air gap to the combustion chamber is dimensioned larger than the air gap to the inlet and outlet guides 7, 8, since then the groove 47 is enclosed in and through the free space of the cylinder liner 45 compressed medium is effective against the explosion pressure in the combustion chamber. Gap losses then only have a negligible effect.
  • a type of toothing is expediently provided, so that possibly deposited carbon deposits are removed automatically and mitigated to gas pressure shock loads. be dampened. If the annular grooves 47 become partially clogged with combustion residues, this is accompanied by increasing gap losses due to wear. The larger gap losses and the compression space in the grooves 47, which is reduced by the residues, compensate for one another. Bounce forces, such as occur in conventional valves, are advantageously eliminated here, since the cylinder bushes 45 are sealed with practically no metallic contact. Wear and noise levels are significantly lower.
  • the above-described internal combustion engine can also be operated as a diesel engine, in which case the diesel injection is expediently effected by two nozzles which are arranged in certain positions relative to one another, so that the nozzle jets meet in the middle of the combustion chamber or on one Open the corresponding baffle in the combustion chamber.
  • the principle of direct injection or a prechamber principle can be used for diesel operation.
  • a fireproof glow wire can be used for easy starting be excited by the spherical combustion chamber. If the pistons 38 are designed as section pistons which have low heat transfer values, heat losses from the combustion chamber to the outside can be kept low.
  • the fuel-gas mixture flowing in from the inlet guide 8 flows with high uniformity.
  • Guide blades or special designs of the inlet guide can of course also be provided so that a targeted swirling of the mixture is forced.
  • control cams 26 it would also be conceivable for the control cams 26 to act directly on the cylinder liners, either in the radial direction or in the axial direction.
  • Aluminum, chilled cast iron or steel formed into profile tubes could be used as the material for the cylinder liners. Zones that are thermally overloaded do not occur because the individual parts are very uniform and have the same wall thicknesses throughout.
  • the cooling can be simple.
  • the explosion pressure is distributed over both pistons to both wobble elements, so that the torques introduced into the output shaft by them are the same.
  • pistons composed of several parts to be used, which ensure good thermal insulation.
  • the pistons could also be divided axially and / or radially and riveted or screwed together.
  • valve opening overlap can be specified by the arrangement of the control cams, whereby it is also possible, e.g. using a centrifugal governor to automatically adjust the overlap during operation.
  • the adjustment can take place both positively and negatively, namely by means of counter-rotating left and right-hand steep threads within the countershaft, i.e. between the two pairs of sprockets.
  • the internal combustion engine is well suited for unleaded petrol because the pressure increase after ignition is reduced more quickly than with conventional engines because the volume increases in both directions. The tendency to knock is greatly reduced.
  • the hardly existing connecting rod deflection also helps to reduce friction at higher speeds, since there are hardly any lateral forces on the pistons.
  • the connecting rods could be formed from simple pipes due to the hardly existing side forces and could be used to supply the lubricant.
  • valve edge can be formed by upsetting a tube or formed by rolling out or by friction welding.
  • the pistons can be made larger or with tighter tolerances than in conventional machines, so that gap losses between the piston and the cylinder barrel are small, while the heat transfer is improved. If no better heat transfer is desired, the piston could be designed such that it only comes into contact with the cylinder race at the sealing areas, where piston rings are also located.
  • the power transmission from the output shaft to the individual cylinder liners or the cams controlling the cylinder liners could also take place directly via gear wheels or planet gears. It would also be conceivable to use a revolving chain or a toothed belt which, starting from the output shaft, loops around all the cylinders and there triggers the control movements in a force-controlled manner.

Abstract

An internal combustion engine includes four cylinders arranged concentrically about a driving shaft and each having two opposing pistons which are linked to wobble elements via respective connecting rods. The wobble elements are supported by the driving shaft and transmit the movement of the pistons into a rotational movement of the driving shaft. Each wobble element consists of two portions which are rotatable relative to each other about a wobble axis extending transversely to the driving shaft. The connection of the wobble portions is provided via a collar which is fixed onto the driving shaft. The connecting rods of two diametrically opposing pistons are linked to each wobble portion which are guided in respective guideways extending parallel to the driving shaft.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Brennkraftmaschine mit vier parallel und konzentrisch um eine zentrale Abtriebswelle in einem Maschinengehäuse angeordneten Zylindern, deren jeder zwei gegenläufige Kolben enthält, die durch Pleuel mit auf der Abtriebswelle angeordneten Taumelelementen gekoppelt sind, die am Maschinengehäuse gegen eine Drehbewegung mit der Abtriebswelle abgestützt sind.The invention relates to an internal combustion engine with four cylinders arranged in parallel and concentrically around a central output shaft in a machine housing, each of which contains two opposed pistons, which are coupled by connecting rods to wobble elements arranged on the output shaft, which are supported on the machine housing against a rotational movement with the output shaft .

Bei einer aus der US-PS 2 513 083 bekannten Brennkraftmaschine besteht jedes Taumelelement aus einem hohlen Kreisringkörper und aus einer darin relativ drehbar gelagerten Kreisringscheibe, die mit der Abtriebswelle undrehbar gekuppelt und relativ zu ihr schräggestellt gelagert ist. Im äußeren Randbereich des Kreisringkörpers sind radial abstehende Zapfen befestigt, die in parallel zur Abtriebswelle verlaufende, stationäre Führungsschlitze eingreifen. Nachteilig ist dabei, daß die vier Zapfen jedes Kreisringkörpers in den vier Führungsschlitzen außerordentlich hoch belastet werden, da sie unter Last in den Schlitzen axial verschoben und dabei gleichzeitig seitlich gegen die Schlitzwandungen angepreßt und verdreht werden. Ein großer Teil der von den Kolben übertragenen Antriebsleistung wird dabei aufgezehrt. Der mechanische Verschleiß zwischen den Zapfen und den Schlitzführungen ist außerordentlich hoch. Zudem ist ein zuverlässige Schmierung in diesem Bereich sehr schwierig, woraus eine sehr niedrige Arbeitsdrehzahl der Brennkraftmaschine resultiert.In an internal combustion engine known from US Pat. No. 2,513,083, each wobble element consists of a hollow annular body and an annular disk which is relatively rotatably mounted therein and which is non-rotatably coupled to the output shaft and is mounted obliquely relative to it. Radially projecting pins are fastened in the outer edge region of the circular ring body and engage in stationary guide slots running parallel to the output shaft. The disadvantage here is that the four pins of each annular body in the four guide slots are subjected to extremely high loads because they are axially displaced under load in the slots and at the same time are pressed and rotated laterally against the slot walls. A large part of the drive power transmitted by the pistons is consumed in the process. The mechanical wear between the pins and the slot guides is extremely high. In addition, reliable lubrication in this area is very difficult, which results in a very low working speed of the internal combustion engine.

Bei einer aus der US-PS 1 476 275 bekannten Brennkraftmaschine dieser Art weist jedes Taumelelement an einer dem Maschinengehäuse zugewandten Innenseite einen kreisförmigen Zahnkranz auf, dem am Maschinengehäuse ein kongruenter Zahnkranz zugeordnet ist. Der Zahnkranz des Taumelelementeswälzt sich am Zahnkranz des Maschinengehäuses ab, um das Taumelelement gegen ein mitdrehen mit der Abtriebswelle du hindern. Dies führt zu unzweckmäßig hohem mechanischem Verschleiß und zu unerwünschten Laufgeräuschen zwischen den Zahnkränzen. Ungünstig ist ferner, daß die Abstützpunkte der Pleuel aller Kolben in Umfangsrichtung des Taumelelementes feste Bogenmaßabstände haben, was bei der Taumelbewegung des Taumelelementes dazu führt, daß die Pleuel senkrecht zu den Kolbenbolzen gebogen werden, wobei sich diese Biegebelastungen auf die Kolben in den Zylindern übertragen. Zusammen mit der kinematisch bedingten Pendelbewegung jedes Pleuels um den Kolbenbolzen ergibt sich für jeden Kolben eine Taumelbewegung, bei der er die Zylinderwand ungleichmäßig belastet, was zu einem starken mechanischen Verschleiß führt.In an internal combustion engine of this type known from US Pat. No. 1,476,275, each wobble element has an annular toothed ring on an inner side facing the machine housing, to which a congruent toothed ring is assigned on the machine housing. The ring gear of the wobble element rolls on the ring gear of the machine housing in order to prevent the wobble element from rotating with the output shaft. This leads to unusually high mechanical wear and undesirable running noise between the sprockets. It is also unfavorable that the support points of the connecting rods of all pistons have fixed radians in the circumferential direction of the wobble element, which leads to the wobble movement of the wobble element causing the connecting rods to be bent perpendicular to the piston pins, these bending loads being transmitted to the pistons in the cylinders. Together with the kinematically caused pendulum movement of each connecting rod around the piston pin, each piston results in a wobble movement in which it loads the cylinder wall unevenly, which leads to severe mechanical wear.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Brennkraftmaschine der eingangs genannten Art zu schaffen, die sich durch einen einfachen, betriebssicheren und kompakten Aufbau auszeichnet und bei der die Kolben bei ihrer Arbeitsbewegung ohne nennenswerte Kipp- oder Verkantbelastungen in den Zylindern laufen.The invention has for its object to provide an internal combustion engine of the type mentioned, which is characterized by a simple, reliable and compact structure and in which the pistons run in their working movement without significant tilting or tilting loads in the cylinders.

Die gestellte Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß jedes Taumelelement aus zwei voneinander getrennten, einstückigen Hälften besteht, die um die schräg zur Abtriebswelle stehende Taumelachse des Taumelelements relativ zueinander verdrehbar und auf einem mit der Abtriebswelle undrehbar verbundenen Bund gelagert sind, daß an jeder Hälfte die Pleuel zweier diametral gegenüberliegender Kolben abgestützt sind, und daß jede Hälfte in eine einzige parallel zur Abtriebswelle verlaufende Führung des Maschinengehäuses eingreift.The stated object is achieved in that each wobble element consists of two separate, one-piece halves which can be rotated relative to one another about the wobble axis of the wobble element which is at an angle to the output shaft and are mounted on a collar which is non-rotatably connected to the output shaft, that on each half the Connecting rods of two diametrically opposed pistons are supported, and that each half engages in a single guide of the machine housing running parallel to the output shaft.

Bei dieser Ausbildung sind die in Umfangsrichtung des Taumelelementes gemessenen Bogenmaßabstände zwischen den Abstützpunkten der Pleuel nicht starr, weil sich die beiden Hälften des Taumelelementes relativ zueinander verdrehen können. Dies hat den Vorteil, daß die Pleuel bei der Taumelbewegung des Taumelelementes keine seitlichen Biegebelastungen erfahren, sondern nur geringfügige Pendelbewegungen in-bezogen auf die Abtriebswelle-radialen Ebenen ausführen. Die Kolben laufen weitgehend klemmkraftfei, weil die Pleuel über die gesamte Hubbewegung der Kolben annähernd mit den Zylinderachsen fluchten. Durch die geringe Belastung der Pleuel und ihre nur schwache Auslenkung können die Pleuel leicht und kurz ausgebildet sein, so daß die Taumelelemente nahe an die Zylinder hingesetzt werden können, was zu einem kompakten Aufbau des Motors führt. Für die einwandfreie Führung der Hälften des Taumelelementes reicht jeweils eine Führung aus, in deren Bereich vorherbestimmbare und vernachlässigbare Reibungsverhältnisse vorliegen. Aus dem Zusammenspiel der einfach beherrschbaren Führungen, der kurzen und leichten Pleuel und der klemmkraftfrei laufenden Kolben resultiert eine hohe mögliche Arbeitsdrehzahl der Brennkraftmaschine und ein gegenüber dem Stand der Technik verbesserter Wirkungsgrad.In this embodiment, the radians measured in the circumferential direction of the wobble element between the support points of the connecting rods are not rigid because the two halves of the wobble element can rotate relative to one another. This has the advantage that the connecting rods do not experience any lateral bending loads during the wobble movement of the wobble element, but only carry out slight pendulum movements in relation to the radial plane of the output shaft. The pistons run largely without clamping force because the connecting rods are almost in line with the cylinder axes over the entire stroke movement of the pistons. Due to the low load on the connecting rods and their only weak deflection, the connecting rods can be light and short, so that the wobble elements can be placed close to the cylinders, which leads to a compact construction of the engine. A guide is sufficient for the correct guidance of the halves of the wobble element, in the area of which there are predeterminable and negligible frictional relationships. The interaction of the easily controllable guides, the short and light connecting rods and the pistons running without clamping force results in a high possible working speed of the internal combustion engine and an improved efficiency compared to the prior art.

Die Brennkraftmaschine wird in ihrer Anwendung universell, wenn die Merkmale des Anspruchs 3 verwirklicht werden. Mit der Verschiebung der Taumelscheibe auf der Antriebswelle, die auch während des Betriebs erfolgen kann, kann die Kompression des Verbrennungsgemisches geändert werden. Hierdurch entsteht eine gute Anpassung des Motors an das zur Verfügung stehende Verbrennungsmaterial und die geforderte Leistung.The internal combustion engine becomes universal in its application if the features of claim 3 are realized. The compression of the combustion mixture can be changed by moving the swash plate on the drive shaft, which can also take place during operation. This creates a good adaptation of the engine to the available combustion material and the required performance.

Aus Montagegründen und zur Einhaltung einer langen Standzeit ohne nennenswerten Verschleiß ist die Maßnahme von Anspruch 4 zweckmäßig. Ein Kardan- oder Kreuzgelenk kann praktisch alle vom Kolben ausgeübten Kräfte so auf das Taumelelement übertragen, daß dieses nur mit geringen Verlusten daraus das Abtriebsmoment der Abtriebswelle erzeugen kann.For assembly reasons and to maintain a long service life without significant wear, the measure of claim 4 is appropriate. A cardan or universal joint can transmit practically all the forces exerted by the piston to the wobble element in such a way that it can only generate the output torque of the output shaft with minimal losses.

Ein weiterer, wichtiger Gedanke geht aus Anspruch 5 hervor. Diese Teilbarkeit der Brennkraftmaschine vereinfacht Wartungs- oder Reparaturarbeiten, weil in der Teilungsebene ein guter Zugang zu den Brennräumen besteht und die Kolben mit den Pleueln einfach nach oben herausgezogen werden können. Dies ist bei herkömmlichen Brennkraftmaschinen häufig nicht der Fall, weil die dem Kolben abgewandten Pleuellager eine Größe haben, die das Durchziehen durch den Zylinder verwehrt. Außerdem müssen die Pleuel nicht teilbar in den Lagerschalen ausgeführt sein und das obere und untere Pleuelauge kann gleich groß ausgebildet sein.Another important idea emerges from claim 5. This divisibility of the internal combustion engine simplifies maintenance or repair work because it is a good one at the division level There is access to the combustion chambers and the pistons with the connecting rods can simply be pulled out upwards. This is often not the case with conventional internal combustion engines, because the connecting rod bearings facing away from the piston have a size that prevents them from being pulled through the cylinder. In addition, the connecting rods do not have to be divisible in the bearing shells and the upper and lower connecting rod eyes can be of the same size.

Eine weitere, zweckmäßige Ausführungsform der Erfindung geht aus Anspruch 8 hervor. Auf engstem Platz wird hier die Steuerung der Zylinderbuchsen bewerkstelligt, so daß die üblichen, aufwendigen Steuermechanismen zur Ventilsteuerung wegfallen. Für eine stabile Ausführung wäre auch ein Steilgewinde zur Erzwingung der Hin- und Herbewegung sehr vorteilhaft. Der Steuerring erhält unmittelbar und auf kürzestem Weg seine Drehbewegung von der Steuerwelle. Baulich läßt sich dieses gesteckte Ziel besonders einfach bei der Ausführungsform erreichen, wie es im Anspruch 9 angesprochen ist. Anstelle einer federbelasteten Verbindung zwischen den Steuernocken und den Gegennocken könnte auch eine Zwangssteuerung treten, die dafür sorgt, daß die Ventilbewegung der Zylinderbuchsen exakt in Abhängigkeit von der Drehlage der Antriebswelle und damit der jeweiligen Stellung der Kolben im Zylinder bleibt.Another useful embodiment of the invention is set out in claim 8. The control of the cylinder liners is accomplished here in the tightest of spaces, so that the usual, complex control mechanisms for valve control are eliminated. A steep thread to force the back and forth movement would also be very advantageous for a stable design. The control ring receives its rotary movement from the control shaft immediately and in the shortest possible way. In terms of construction, this goal can be achieved particularly easily in the embodiment as mentioned in claim 9. Instead of a spring-loaded connection between the control cam and the counter-cam, a positive control could also occur, which ensures that the valve movement of the cylinder liners remains exactly dependent on the rotational position of the drive shaft and thus the respective position of the pistons in the cylinder.

Wichtig sind auch die Merkmale von Anspruch 11, das dem einwandfreien Arbeiten der Brennkraftmaschine zuträglich ist, wenn die Zylinderbuchsen leichtgängig bewegbar sind. Hierbei nähern sich die beiden Kolben bis auf einen kurzen Abstand und begrenzen einen relativ flachen Brennraum. Die Zylinderbuchsen arbeiten nach Art von Tellerventilen, die von Kolben durchsetzt werden, wodurch eine gute Abdichtung zum Zündzeitpunkt erreichbar ist, weil die Dichtflächen der Zylinderbuchsen satt an den Ventilsitzen in der Aufweitung abgestützt sind, wobei der Explosionsdruck auch in axialer Richtung die Dichtung verbessert.Also important are the features of claim 11, which is conducive to the proper functioning of the internal combustion engine if the cylinder liners can be moved easily. Here, the two pistons come within a short distance and delimit a relatively flat combustion chamber. The cylinder liners work in the manner of poppet valves, which are penetrated by pistons, whereby a good seal can be achieved at the time of ignition, because the sealing surfaces of the cylinder liners are well supported on the valve seats in the expansion, whereby the explosion pressure also improves the seal in the axial direction.

Schließlich ist auch eine abgeänderte, vorteilhafte Ausführungsform gemäß Anspruch 12 gegeben. Hierbei haben die beiden zu einer durchgehenden Zylinderbuchse vereinigten Zylinderbuchse eine Schlitzsteuerungs- und Ventilfunktion. Für das Verschließen der Durchlässe ist allerdings die Innenwand des Zylinders verantwortlich. Bei dieser Ausführungsform ist die Steuerung der einstückigen Zylinderbuchse gegenüber den beiden voneinander unabhängig verschiebbaren Zylinderbuchsen vereinfacht.Finally, there is also a modified, advantageous embodiment according to claim 12. The two cylinder liners combined to form a continuous cylinder liner have a slot control and valve function. However, the inside wall of the cylinder is responsible for closing the passages. In this embodiment, the control of the one-piece cylinder sleeve is simplified compared to the two cylinder sleeves which can be displaced independently of one another.

Zweckmäßige Ausführungsformen des Erfindungsgegenstandes gehen aus den Unteransprüchen hervor.Appropriate embodiments of the subject matter of the invention emerge from the subclaims.

Die Erfindung wird an einem Ausführungsbeispiel anhand der beigefügten Zeichnungen erläutert. Erfindungswesentliche Vorteile und Merkmale sind hierbei herausgestellt.The invention is explained using an exemplary embodiment with reference to the accompanying drawings. Advantages and features essential to the invention are emphasized here.

Es zeigt:

  • Fig. 1 eine schematische Perspektivansicht einer Brennkraftmaschine,
  • Fig. 2 den linken Teil der Brennkraftmaschine von Fig. 1 in einer schematischen Längsschnittdarstellung,
  • Fig. 3 ein Detail aus der Brennkraftmaschine von Fig. 1,
  • Fig. 4 eine Schnittdarstellung des Zylinderkopfes und
  • Fig. 5 eine Schnittdarstellung, ähnlich der von Fig. 3 bei einer weiteren Ausführungsform.
It shows:
  • 1 is a schematic perspective view of an internal combustion engine,
  • 2 shows the left part of the internal combustion engine of FIG. 1 in a schematic longitudinal sectional view,
  • 3 shows a detail from the internal combustion engine of FIG. 1,
  • Fig. 4 is a sectional view of the cylinder head and
  • Fig. 5 is a sectional view, similar to that of Fig. 3 in another embodiment.

Eine Brennkraftmaschine 1 gemäß den Fig. 1 und 2 weist ein in Fig. 1 zum Teil aufgeschnittenes Maschinengehäuse mit integrierten Querwänden 11 auf, das im Ganzen quaderförmig und quer zur Längsrichtung bei 5 in zwei wesentliche Hälften zerlegbar ist. Die Hälften werden von Verbindungselementen 6 zusammengehalten. Das Maschinengehäuse wird von einer zentralen, längs durchgehenden Abtriebswelle 2 durchsetzt, um die konzentrisch und parallel vier Zylinder 3,4 angeordnet sind. Jeder Zylinder 3, 4 besteht aus einem in einer Hälfte des Maschinengehäuses angeordneten Buchsenteil (z.B. 3), der sich in einem in der anderen Hälfte angeordneten Buchsenteil (z.B. 4) fortsetzt. Der Raum des Maschinengehäuses zwischen den Wänden 11 und um den Zylindern 3, 4 wird üblicherweise von einem Kühlmedium durchströmt, mit dem die Zylinderwärme abgeführt bzw. verteilt wird. Nahe der mittleren Wand, die bei 5 die Teilungsebene des Maschinengehäuses enthält, sind Auslaß- und Einlaßführungen 7, 8 als ringförmige Kanäle um die Zylinder 3, 4 vorgesehen, die über angedeutete Öffnungen 9, 10 an ein Zu- bzw. Abführsystem, z.B. einen Vergaser bzw. ein Auspuffsystem anschließbar sind. Im Abstand zu den Wänden 11 sind Endplatten 12, 13 mit dem Maschinengehäuse verbunden, in denen sich Lager für die Abtriebswelle 2 befinden. Das Maschinengehäuse ist durch die Querwände 11, die Endplatten 12, 13 und Teilungsebene 5 in sektionsweise aneinandergesetzten Kammern aufgeteilt, die einzeln ausgetauscht werden können. In den Zylindern 3, 4 (Fig. 2 und 3) sind Kolben 38 angeordnet und zwar in jedem Zylinder 3, 4 zwei gleichachsige und gegensinnig arbeitende Kolben 38. Jeder Kolben 38 ist über ein Pleuel 14 oder eine Druckstange mit einem Taumelelement 40, 41 eines Taumelpaares 15 verbunden, die auf der Abtriebswelle 2 um eine festgelegte Taumelachse 16 (strickpunktiert angedeutet) drehbar gelagert sind. Die beiden Taumelelemente 40, 41 des Taumelpaares stehen im Längschnitt-gemäß Fig. 2-in jeder Drehstellung der Abtriebswelle 2 einander entgegengesetzt. Die Taumelelemente 40, 41 sind kreuzförmig ausgebildet. Mit jedem freien Ende des kreuzförmigen Taumelelementes 40,41 ist ein Pleuel 14 entweder über ein Kardangelenk 17 oder über ein Kugelgelenk aus Kugelkopf 44 und Kugelgelenklager 43 (siehe Fig. 2 unten) verbunden. Mit dem zugehörigen Kolben 38 ist jedes Pleuel 14 entweder über einen herkömmlichen Kolbenbolzen 46 (Fig. 3) oder ebenfalls über ein Kugelgelenk verbunden. An den Endplatten 13, 14 sind jeweils zwei Führungen 18 für je ein Ende 16 eines Taumelelementenpaares 15 befestigt, wobei jede Führung 18 ein parallel zur Abtriebswelle 2 verlaufende Führungsbahn für das eingreifende Ende des Taumelelementenpaares 15 definiert. Auf der Abtriebswelle sitzt nahe der Platte 13 ein Kettenrad 20, das über eine Kette 21 eine zweites Kettenrad 22 treibt, welches über eine Welle 31 ein Kettenrad 32 und eine weitere Kette 33 ein Kettenrad 23 antreibt, das fest mit einer koaxial auf der Abtriebswelle 2 drehbar gelagerten Steuerwelle 24 befestigt ist. Die Steuerwelle 24 durchsetzt wie die Abtriebswelle 2 das Maschinengehäuse und ragt über beide Wände 11 hinaus. An dem Kettenrad 23 benachbarten Ende der Steuerwelle 24 ist ein Steuernockenrad 34 befestigt, das einen Steuernocken 26 trägt. Am anderen Ende der Steuerwelle 24 ist ein in Fig. 1 erkennbares Steuernockenrad 25 mit einem entsprechenden Steuernocken 26 angebracht. An den Wänden 11 sind zur Drehlagerung von Steuerringen 28 Ringflansche 27 befestigt. Damit sind die Steuerringe 28 in exakter Ausrichtung auf jeweils eine Zylinderachse verdrehbar geführt. In jedem Steuerring 28 sind über den Umfang verteilt mehrere schräge Schlitze 29 vorgesehen, in die Folgeglieder 30 eingreifen, die fest mit einer Zylinderbuchse 45 verbunden sind (Fig. 2) die die Laufbahn für den jeweiligen Kolben 38 definiert. An jedem Steuerring 28 ist ein Gegennocken 35 vorgesehen, der mit dem Steuernocken 26 des Steuernockenrades 34 bzw. 25 zusammenwirkt. Damit die Gegennocken 35 aller Steuerringe 28 ständig an dem Steuernockenrad 34 bzw. 25 anliegen, sind Federelemente 67 (Fig. 1) vorgesehen. In den Zylindern 3, 4 sind Stifte 19 eingelassen, die in Längsnuten 19a an der Außenseite der Zylinderbuchsen 45 eingreifen und diese verschieblich aber unverdrehbar führen. Bei der Drehbewegung der Steuerwelle 24 werden in zeitlicher Abstimmung auf die jewiligen Positionen der Kolben 38 in den Zylinderbuchsen 45 über die beiden Steuernocken 26, die gegeneinander versetzt sind, die Steuerringe 28 aller Zylinder verdreht. Aus dieser Drehbewegung wird über die Schrägschlitze 29 und die Folgeglieder 30 eine Verschiebebewegung der Zylinderbuchsen 45 in Richtung der Zylinderachse bewirkt, deren Zweck später erläutert wird. In den Zylinderwänden sind (Fig. 2) Bohrungen 36 ausgebildet, die mit einer Schmierstoffversorgung 37 verbunden sind, um den Gleitbereichen zwischen den Zylinderbuchsen 45 und den Zylindern 3, 4 einen Schmierstoff zuzuführen. Abändernd dazu würde es auch ausreichen, die Zylinderbuchsen 45 mit Bohrungen 36' zu versehen, durch welche ein Schmierstoff in den Gleitbereich zwischen jeder Zylinderbuchse 45 der Innenwand des diese Zylinderbuchse 45 aufnehmenden Zylinders 3 oder 4 gelangen zu lassen. Wie die Fig. 4 und 5 erkennen lassen, ist am unteren Ende der Zylinderbuchse 45, 45a, 45b, die gleichzeitig das Ventil darstellt, im Außenumfang ein Dichtungsring 71, 71 a vorgesehen, der zur Gasabdichtung zwischen dem Zylinder 3 und der Zylinderbuchse 45, 45a, 45b dient.An internal combustion engine 1 according to FIGS. 1 and 2 has a machine housing, partially cut open in FIG. 1, with integrated transverse walls 11, which can be dismantled into two essential halves in the form of a block and transverse to the longitudinal direction at 5. The halves are held together by connecting elements 6. The machine housing is penetrated by a central, longitudinally continuous output shaft 2, around which four cylinders 3, 4 are arranged concentrically and in parallel. Each cylinder 3, 4 consists of a socket part (eg 3) arranged in one half of the machine housing, which continues in a socket part (eg 4) arranged in the other half. The space of the machine housing between the walls 11 and around the cylinders 3, 4 is usually flowed through by a cooling medium with which the cylinder heat is dissipated or distributed. Near the middle wall, which contains the division plane of the machine housing at 5, outlet and inlet guides 7, 8 are provided as annular channels around the cylinders 3, 4, which are indicated by openings 9, 10 to a supply or discharge system, for example a Carburetor or an exhaust system can be connected. At a distance from the walls 11, end plates 12, 13 are connected to the machine housing, in which bearings for the output shaft 2 are located. The machine housing is divided by the transverse walls 11, the end plates 12, 13 and parting plane 5 into sections which are attached to one another in sections and which can be replaced individually. Pistons 38 are arranged in the cylinders 3, 4 (FIGS. 2 and 3), and in each cylinder 3, 4 two pistons 38 with the same axis and working in opposite directions. Each piston 38 is connected to a wobble element 40, 41 via a connecting rod 14 or a push rod a wobble pair 15 connected, which are rotatably mounted on the output shaft 2 about a fixed wobble axis 16 (indicated by dash-dotted lines). The two wobble elements 40, 41 of the wobble pair are opposed to each other in longitudinal section — according to FIG. 2 — in each rotational position of the output shaft 2. The wobble elements 40, 41 are cross-shaped. A connecting rod 14 is connected to each free end of the cross-shaped wobble element 40, 41 either via a cardan joint 17 or via a ball joint consisting of ball head 44 and ball joint bearing 43 (see FIG. 2 below). Each connecting rod 14 is connected to the associated piston 38 either via a conventional piston pin 46 (FIG. 3) or likewise via a ball joint. Two guides 18 for each end 16 of a pair of wobble elements 15 are fastened to the end plates 13, 14, wherein each guide 18 defines a guide path running parallel to the output shaft 2 for the engaging end of the wobble element pair 15. A sprocket 20 sits on the output shaft near the plate 13, which drives a second sprocket 22 via a chain 21, which drives a sprocket 32 and a further chain 33 a sprocket 23 via a shaft 31, which sprocket coaxially with the output shaft 2 rotatably mounted control shaft 24 is attached. Like the output shaft 2, the control shaft 24 passes through the machine housing and projects beyond both walls 11. At the sprocket 23 adjacent end of the control shaft 24, a control cam wheel 34 is attached, which carries a control cam 26. At the other end of the control shaft 24, a control cam wheel 25 can be seen in FIG. 1 with a corresponding control cam 26. On the walls 11 28 ring flanges 27 are attached to the rotary bearing of control rings. Thus, the control rings 28 are rotatably guided in exact alignment on one cylinder axis. In each control ring 28, several oblique slots 29 are provided distributed over the circumference, into which follow members 30 engage, which are firmly connected to a cylinder liner 45 (FIG. 2) which defines the raceway for the respective piston 38. A counter cam 35 is provided on each control ring 28, which interacts with the control cam 26 of the control cam wheel 34 or 25. Spring elements 67 (FIG. 1) are provided so that the counter cams 35 of all the control rings 28 are constantly in contact with the control cam wheel 34 or 25. Pins 19 are let into the cylinders 3, 4 and engage in longitudinal grooves 19a on the outside of the cylinder bushes 45 and guide them in a displaceable but non-rotatable manner. During the rotational movement of the control shaft 24, the control rings 28 of all the cylinders are rotated in time coordination with the respective positions of the pistons 38 in the cylinder bushes 45 via the two control cams 26 which are offset from one another. From this rotary movement, a displacement movement of the cylinder bushes 45 in the direction of the cylinder axis is effected via the oblique slots 29 and the followers 30, the purpose of which will be explained later. Bores 36 are formed in the cylinder walls (FIG. 2), which are connected to a lubricant supply 37 in order to supply a lubricant to the sliding areas between the cylinder bushes 45 and the cylinders 3, 4. Alternatively, it would also be sufficient to provide the cylinder sleeves 45 with bores 36 'through which a lubricant can get into the sliding area between each cylinder sleeve 45 of the inner wall of the cylinder 3 or 4 receiving this cylinder sleeve 45. 4 and 5, at the lower end of the cylinder sleeve 45, 45a, 45b, which also represents the valve, a sealing ring 71, 71a is provided in the outer circumference, which is used for gas sealing between the cylinder 3 and the cylinder sleeve 45, 45a, 45b is used.

In Fig. 2 ist die Lagerung der Taumelelementenpaare 15 im Detail erkennbar. Auf der Abtriebswelle 2 ist ein schrägstehender Bund 39 angeordnet, auf dem über ein Lager 40a die Taumelelemente 40, 41 drehbar gelagert sind. Das Taumelelementenpaar 15 besteht aus den zwei Hälften 40, 41, die relativ zueinander verdrehbar sind und durch Abdeckungen 42 daran gehindert werden, sich voneinander zu trennen. Der Bund 39 ist in Fig. 2 nicht nur in der Zeichenebene, sondern auch quer zur Zeichenebene schräggestellt, so daß eine von dem in Fig. 2 obenliegenden Kolben 38 nach links ausgeübte Druckkraft das Taumelelementenpaar 15 nach links zu kippen sucht, was nur möglich ist, wenn sich gleichzeitig die Abtriebswelle 2 verdreht. Auf diese Weise wird ein Drehmoment in der Abtriebswelle 2 über das Taumelelementenpaar 15 eingeleitet. Der schrägstehende Bund 39 ist auf einer Buchse 68 befestigt, die mit einem Steilgewinde 69 verschiebbar auf der Abtriebswelle 2 gelagert ist. Die Buchse 68 wird mit einem Hebel 70 ggfs. auch während des Betriebs verschoben, wobei die Kolben eine veränderte Kompression hervorrufen.The bearing of the wobble element pairs 15 can be seen in detail in FIG. 2. An inclined collar 39 is arranged on the output shaft 2, on which the wobble elements 40, 41 are rotatably mounted via a bearing 40a. The wobble element pair 15 consists of the two halves 40, 41 which can be rotated relative to one another and are prevented from separating from one another by covers 42. The collar 39 is not only inclined in Fig. 2 in the plane of the drawing, but also transversely to the plane of the drawing, so that a pressure force exerted to the left by the piston 38 located in Fig. 2 tries to tilt the wobble element pair 15 to the left, which is only possible , if the output shaft 2 rotates at the same time. In this way, a torque is introduced into the output shaft 2 via the wobble element pair 15. The inclined collar 39 is fastened on a bushing 68, which is slidably mounted on the output shaft 2 with a steep thread 69. The bushing 68 may also be moved with a lever 70 during operation, the pistons causing a change in compression.

In Fig. 3 ist der Brennraum eines Zylinders 3, 4 in einem Längsschnitt gezeigt. In der mit 5 angedeuteten Teilungsebene des Maschinengehäuses wird von den beiden Teilen des Zylinders 3, 4 ein umlaufender und einspringender Vorsprung 48 gebildet, der als Quetschkopf im rechten Winkel wie im oberen Teil der Fig. 3 oder in einem anderen Winkel wie im unteren Figurenteil zur Kolbenlaufbahn angedeutet und der Kolbenboden in dem Bereich entsprechend angepaßt ist, bis zu dem hin in axialer Richtung sich die Kolben 38 zu bewegen vermögen. Der Vorsprung 48 ist hohlkehlenartig ausgerundet und weist eine Öffnung 50 auf, in die eine Zündkerze 51 eingeschraubt ist. Die Ausrundung 49 bildet zusammen mit kalottenförmigen Vertiefungen 53 in den Böden der beiden Kolben 38 den kugelförmigen Brennraum des Zylinders 3,4. Mit 52 sind in Fig. 3 die Kühlmittelkanäle um den Zylinder 3, 4 angedeutet, die über Kanal 52a Zuführung besitzen. In dem Vorsprung 48 sind in Verlängerung der Zylinderbuchsen 45 axial ausgerichtete, umlaufende Nuten 47 eingeformt, in die die freien Enden 45' der Zylinderbuchsen 45 in der dargestellten Lage (kurz vor dem Zündzeitpunkt) eintauchen, so daß sie den Zugang zu den Einlaß- bzw. Auslaßführungen 7, 8 abdichten. Wenn kein kugelförmiger Brennraum erforderlich ist, würde es auch genügen, daß mit den Ringbereichen 54 eine Anlage für die freien Enden 45' der Zylinderbuchsen 45 geschaffen wird, an der sich diese unter dem Explosionsdruck im Brennraum abstützen und diese nach außen abdichten können.In Fig. 3 the combustion chamber of a cylinder 3, 4 is shown in a longitudinal section. In the dividing plane indicated by 5 of the machine housing, a circumferential and protruding projection 48 is formed by the two parts of the cylinder 3, 4, which as a crimping head at a right angle as in the upper part of FIG. 3 or at a different angle as in the lower part of the figure Piston raceway indicated and the piston crown is adjusted accordingly in the area up to which the pistons 38 are able to move in the axial direction. The projection 48 is rounded like a flute and has an opening 50 into which a spark plug 51 is screwed. The fillet 49, together with dome-shaped depressions 53 in the bottoms of the two pistons 38, forms the spherical combustion chamber of the cylinder 3, 4. 3, the coolant channels around the cylinders 3, 4 are indicated in FIG. 3, which have supply via channel 52a. In the projection 48 axially aligned, circumferential grooves 47 are formed in the extension of the cylinder sleeves, into which the free ends 45 'of the cylinder sleeves 45 immerse in the position shown (shortly before the ignition point), so that they give access to the inlet or Seal outlet guides 7, 8. If no spherical combustion chamber is required, it would also suffice for the ring regions 54 to create a system for the free ends 45 'of the cylinder liners 45, on which they are supported under the explosion pressure in the combustion chamber and can seal them to the outside.

Die Brennkraftmaschine gemäß den Fig. 1, 2 und 3 arbeitet wie folgt:

  • Nachdem in der Stellung gemäß Fig. 3 die Zündung erfolgt ist, explodiert das im Brennraum komprimierte Brennstoff-Gasgemisch und treibt die beiden Kolben 38 voneinander weg. Über die Pleuel 14 werden die beiden Taumelelemente 40, 41 des Taumelelementenpaares 15 verschwenkt und der Abtriebswelle 2 ein Drehimpuls aufgezwungen. Da die Brennkraftmaschine in dieser Ausführungsform nach dem Viertakt-Otto-Prinzip arbeitet, wird gegen Ende des Expansionshubes der beiden Kolben 38 die in Fig. 3 linke Zylinderbuchse 45 über den Steuerring 28 nach links verschoben, bis die Öffnung zur Auslaßführung 7 freigegeben ist. Die Abtriebswelle 2 ist inzwischen durch aufeinanderfolgende Expansionstakte in den anderen Zylindern 3, 4 weitergedreht worden und bewegt die beiden Kolben 38 in Fig. 3 weider aufeinander zu. Dabei wird das Abgas in die Auslaßführung 7 gedrückt, ehe über den in Fig. 2 gezeigten Steuernocken 26 die linke Zylinderbuchse 45 wieder in die Stellung gemäß Fig. 3 verschoben wird, wo sie die Öffnung zur Auslaßführung 7 verschließt. Nachfolgend oder mit einer vorbestimmten Überschneidung wird die in Fig. 3 rechte Zylinderbuchse 45 vom gegenüberliegenden Steuerring nach rechts verschoben, bis die Öffnung zur Einlaßführung 8 freigegeben ist, wonach beim erneuten Auseinanderfahren der Kolben 38 frisches Brennstoff-Gasgemisch eingesaugt wird. Ehe die beiden Kolben 38 dann erneut wieder aufeinander zufahren, wird auch die rechte Zylinderbuchse 45 wieder nach links verschoben, bis sie in die Nut 47 eingedreht ist und die Öffnung zur Einlaßführung 8 verschlossen hat. Das eingeschlossene Brennstoff-Gasgemisch wird verdichtet, bis schließlich in der Stellung gemäß Fig. 3 bzw. kurz davor oder kurz danach erneut gezündet wird und ein neuer Expansionstakt stattfindet.
The internal combustion engine according to FIGS. 1, 2 and 3 operates as follows:
  • After the ignition has taken place in the position according to FIG. 3, the fuel-gas mixture compressed in the combustion chamber explodes and drives the two pistons 38 away from one another. Via the connecting rods 14, the two wobble elements 40, 41 of the wobble element pair 15 are pivoted and the output shaft 2 receives an angular momentum forced. Since the internal combustion engine works in this embodiment according to the four-stroke Otto principle, towards the end of the expansion stroke of the two pistons 38, the cylinder sleeve 45 on the left in FIG. 3 is displaced to the left via the control ring 28 until the opening to the outlet guide 7 is released. The output shaft 2 has meanwhile been rotated further by successive expansion cycles in the other cylinders 3, 4 and moves the two pistons 38 towards one another in FIG. 3. The exhaust gas is pressed into the outlet guide 7 before the left cylinder sleeve 45 is moved back into the position according to FIG. 3 via the control cam 26 shown in FIG. 2, where it closes the opening to the outlet guide 7. Subsequently or with a predetermined overlap, the cylinder bushing 45 on the right in FIG. 3 is shifted to the right by the opposite control ring until the opening to the inlet guide 8 is released, after which fresh fuel-gas mixture is sucked in when the pistons 38 move apart again. Before the two pistons 38 then move towards each other again, the right cylinder sleeve 45 is also shifted to the left again until it is screwed into the groove 47 and has closed the opening to the inlet guide 8. The enclosed fuel-gas mixture is compressed until finally, in the position shown in FIG. 3 or shortly before or shortly thereafter, the ignition is started again and a new expansion cycle takes place.

Bei der Ausführungsform von Fig. 4 weisen die den Brennraum zugewandten Enden 45a' der Zylinderbuchsen 45a trichterförmige Erweiterungen auf, an denen Dichtflächen 55 vorgesehen sind, die mit entsprechenden Ventilsitzen 56 einer ausgebauchten Erweiterung des Zylinders 3, 4 nach Art von Tellerventilen zusammenarbeiten. Zum Verbinden des Brennraumes jeweils mit der Auslaßführung 7 bzw. der Einlaßführung 8 wird eine der beiden Zylinderbuchsen 45a in Richtung zur anderen hin verschoben. Die Kolben 38 nähern sich bei dieser Ausführungsform weiter, als bei der Ausführungsform von Fig. 3 mit dem kugelförmigen Brennraum. Die Kolbenböden können hierbei ggfs. mit Quetschkanten versehen sein, die zu einer guten Verwirbelung des Brennstoff-Gasgemisches beitragen.In the embodiment of FIG. 4, the ends 45a 'of the cylinder liners 45a facing the combustion chamber have funnel-shaped extensions, on which sealing surfaces 55 are provided, which cooperate with corresponding valve seats 56 of a bulged extension of the cylinder 3, 4 in the manner of poppet valves. To connect the combustion chamber to the outlet guide 7 or the inlet guide 8, one of the two cylinder liners 45a is displaced towards the other. The pistons 38 approach further in this embodiment than in the embodiment of FIG. 3 with the spherical combustion chamber. The piston crowns can optionally be provided with squeezing edges which contribute to a good swirling of the fuel-gas mixture.

Bei der Ausführungsform von Fig. 5 sind die beiden Zylinderbuchsen eines Zylinders miteinander zu einer einstückigen Zylinderbuchse 45b verbunden. Im mittleren Bereich der Zylinderbuchse 45b weist diese eine in Umfangsrichtung verlaufende Reihe von Durchlässen 59 sowie eine Zündöffnung 58 auf. Die Zylinderbuchse 45b ist zwischen einer Mittelstellung (Fig. 5) und einer linken und einer rechten Endstellung verschiebbar. In der Mittelstellung werden die Durchlässe 59 durch die Innenwand des Zylinders 3, 4 verschlossen. Die Zündöffnung 58 ist mit der Zündkerze 51 ausgerichtet. In der linken Endstellung der Zylinderbuchse 45b stehen die Durchlässe 59 und die Zündöffnung 58 mit entsprechenden Öffnungen 61 zur Auslaßführung 7 in Verbindung. Während dieselben Durchlässe 59 und die Zündöffnung 58 in der rechten Endstellung über entsprechende Öffnungen 60 mit der Einlaßführung verbunden sind. Für die Bewegungssteuerung der Zylinderbuchse 45b ist ein einziges und auf der Steuerwelle 24 angeordnetes Steuernokkenrad 64 vorgesehen, das hier eine in Umfangsrichtung wellenförmige Führungsbahn 65 für ein Folgeglied 63 aufweist, das an einem Querzapfen der Zylinderbuchse 45b fest angebracht ist. Der Querzapfen 62 ist in einer Führung 66 im Zylinder 45b ausschließlich parallel zur Zylinderachse verschiebbar. Die Endstellungen der Durchlässe 59 sind in strichlierten Linien in Fig. 5 angedeutet.In the embodiment of FIG. 5, the two cylinder liners of a cylinder are connected to one another to form an integral cylinder liner 45b. In the central region of the cylinder liner 45b, this has a row of passages 59 running in the circumferential direction and an ignition opening 58. The cylinder liner 45b is displaceable between a central position (FIG. 5) and a left and a right end position. In the middle position, the passages 59 are closed by the inner wall of the cylinder 3, 4. The ignition opening 58 is aligned with the spark plug 51. In the left end position of the cylinder liner 45b, the passages 59 and the ignition opening 58 are connected to corresponding openings 61 for the outlet guide 7. While the same passages 59 and the ignition opening 58 are connected in the right end position via corresponding openings 60 to the inlet guide. For the movement control of the cylinder liner 45b, a single control cam 64 arranged on the control shaft 24 is provided, which here has a circumferentially wavy guide track 65 for a follower 63, which is fixedly attached to a transverse pin of the cylinder liner 45b. The cross pin 62 can only be displaced in a guide 66 in the cylinder 45b parallel to the cylinder axis. The end positions of the passages 59 are indicated in dashed lines in FIG. 5.

Die Brennkraftmaschine läßt sich auch nach dem Zweitakt-Prinzip betreiben, wofür keine beweglichen Zylinderbuchsen erforderlich sind, sondern übliche Steuerschlitze in einer festen Zylinderbuchse, die durch die mit einer bestimmten Versetzungablaufende Kolbenbewegung wechselseitig überfahren werden.The internal combustion engine can also be operated according to the two-stroke principle, for which no movable cylinder sleeves are required, but rather conventional control slots in a fixed cylinder sleeve, which are reciprocally driven over by the piston movement occurring with a certain displacement.

Bei der Ausführungsform von Fig. 3 tritt in den Nuten 47 ein wünschenswerter Dämpfungseffekt für die Zylinderbuchsenbewegung auf, da dort ein Gaspolster verdichtet wird, wenn die freien Enden 45' in die Nuten 47 einzutauchen beginnen.In the embodiment of FIG. 3, a desirable damping effect for the cylinder liner movement occurs in the grooves 47, since a gas cushion is compressed there when the free ends 45 ′ begin to dip into the grooves 47.

Bei der Bemessung der Nuten 47 und ihrer Ausrichtung auf die freien Enden 45' der Zylinderbuchsen 45 wird der Luftspalt zum Brennraum hin größer bemessen, als der Luftspalt zu den Einlaß-und Auslaßführungen 7, 8, da dann das in der Nut 47 eingeschlossene und durch den freien Raum der Zylinderbuchse 45 komprimierte Medium gegen den Explosionsdruck im Brennraum wirksam wird. Spaltverluste wirken sich dann nur in vernachlässigbarem Maß aus.When dimensioning the grooves 47 and aligning them with the free ends 45 'of the cylinder liners 45, the air gap to the combustion chamber is dimensioned larger than the air gap to the inlet and outlet guides 7, 8, since then the groove 47 is enclosed in and through the free space of the cylinder liner 45 compressed medium is effective against the explosion pressure in the combustion chamber. Gap losses then only have a negligible effect.

An den freien Enden 45' der Zylinderbuchsen 45 wird zweckmäßigerweise eine Art Verzahnung vorgesehen, damit sich dort evtl. ablagernde Ölkohle selbsttätig entfernt und zum Gasdruck-Stoßbelastungen gemildert tzw. gedämpft werden. Setzen sich die Ringnuten 47 zum Teil mit Verbrennungsrückständen zu, so geht dies mit ansteigenden Spaltverlusten durch Verschleiß einher. Die größeren Spaltverluste und der durch die Rückstände verkleinerte Verdichtungsraum in den Nuten 47 kompensieren einander. Prellkräfte, wie sie bei konventionellen Ventilen auftreten, enfallen hier vorteilhafterweise, da der Dichtschluß der Zylinderbuchsen 45 praktisch ohne metallische Berührung bewerkstelligt wird. Der Verschleiß und die Geräuschentwicklung sind deutlich niedriger.At the free ends 45 'of the cylinder liners 45, a type of toothing is expediently provided, so that possibly deposited carbon deposits are removed automatically and mitigated to gas pressure shock loads. be dampened. If the annular grooves 47 become partially clogged with combustion residues, this is accompanied by increasing gap losses due to wear. The larger gap losses and the compression space in the grooves 47, which is reduced by the residues, compensate for one another. Bounce forces, such as occur in conventional valves, are advantageously eliminated here, since the cylinder bushes 45 are sealed with practically no metallic contact. Wear and noise levels are significantly lower.

Es liegt auf der Hand, daß die vorbeschriebene Verbrennungskraftmaschine auch als Dieselmotor betrieben werden kann, wobei dann zweckmäßigerweise die Dieseleinspritzung durch zwei Düsen bewirkt wird, die in bestimmten Stellungen zueinander angeordnet sind, so daß sich die Düsenstrahlen in der Mitte des Brennraumes treffen oder auf eine ensprechende Prallfläche im Brennraum aufschlagen. Beim Dieselbetrieb kann das Prinzip der Direkteinsprit zung oder ein Vorkammerprinzip angewendet werden. Zum einfachen Starten kann ein feuerfester Glühdraht quer durch den kugelförmigen Verbrennungsraum gespannt sein. Wenn die Kolben 38 als Sektionskolben ausgebildetsind, die geringe Wärmedurchgangswerte aufweisen, lassen sich Wärmeverluste aus dem Brennraum nach außen niedrig halten.It is obvious that the above-described internal combustion engine can also be operated as a diesel engine, in which case the diesel injection is expediently effected by two nozzles which are arranged in certain positions relative to one another, so that the nozzle jets meet in the middle of the combustion chamber or on one Open the corresponding baffle in the combustion chamber. The principle of direct injection or a prechamber principle can be used for diesel operation. A fireproof glow wire can be used for easy starting be excited by the spherical combustion chamber. If the pistons 38 are designed as section pistons which have low heat transfer values, heat losses from the combustion chamber to the outside can be kept low.

Das aus der Einlaßführung 8 einströmende Brennstoff-Gasgemisch strömt mit hoher Gleichförmigkeit. Es können natürlich auch Leitschaufeln oder spezielle Ausgestaltungen der Einlaßführung vorgesehen werden, damit eine gezielte Verwirbelung des Gemisches erzwungen wird.The fuel-gas mixture flowing in from the inlet guide 8 flows with high uniformity. Guide blades or special designs of the inlet guide can of course also be provided so that a targeted swirling of the mixture is forced.

Weiterhin wäre denkbar, die Steuernocken 26 unmittelbar auf die Zylinderbuchsen einwirken zu lassen und zwar entweder in radialer Richtung oder auch in axialer Richtung.It would also be conceivable for the control cams 26 to act directly on the cylinder liners, either in the radial direction or in the axial direction.

Als Material für die Zylinderbuchsen könnte Aluminium, Hartguß oder zu Profilrohren geformter Stahl verwendet werden. Thermisch überbelaste Zonen treten nicht auf, da die einzelnen Teile sehr gleichförmig sind und durchgehend gleiche Wandstärken aufweisen. Die Kühlung kann einfach ausgelegt sein.Aluminum, chilled cast iron or steel formed into profile tubes could be used as the material for the cylinder liners. Zones that are thermally overloaded do not occur because the individual parts are very uniform and have the same wall thicknesses throughout. The cooling can be simple.

Der Explosionsdruck verteilt sich über beide Kolben auf beideTaumelelemente, so daß die von diesen in die Abtriebswelle eingeleiten Drehmomente gleich groß sind.The explosion pressure is distributed over both pistons to both wobble elements, so that the torques introduced into the output shaft by them are the same.

Die gewählte Konstruktion gestattet es, aus mehreren Teilen zusammengesetzte Kolben zu verwenden, die für eine gute Wärmeisolierung sorgen. Die Kolben könnten auch axial und/oder radial geteilt sein und zusammengenietet oder zusammengeschraubt werden.The design chosen enables pistons composed of several parts to be used, which ensure good thermal insulation. The pistons could also be divided axially and / or radially and riveted or screwed together.

Falls eine Ventilöffnungsüberschneidung erforderlich ist, so kann diese durch die Anordnung der Steuernocken vorgegeben werden, wobei es auch möglich ist, z.B. mittels eines Fliehkraftreglers, die Überschneidung während des Betriebs automatisch zu verstellen. Die Verstellung kann sowohl positiv wie auch negativ erfolgen und zwar durch gegenläufiges links- und rechtsgängiges Steilgewinde innerhalb der Vorgelegewelle, also zwischen den beiden Kettenradspaaren.If a valve opening overlap is required, this can be specified by the arrangement of the control cams, whereby it is also possible, e.g. using a centrifugal governor to automatically adjust the overlap during operation. The adjustment can take place both positively and negatively, namely by means of counter-rotating left and right-hand steep threads within the countershaft, i.e. between the two pairs of sprockets.

Von besonderem Vorteil ist die Tatsache, daß infolge der Führung der Hälften der Taumelelemente und deren Aufteilung in zwei Hälften die radialen und in Umfangsrichtung verlaufenden Relativbewegungen der Anlenkung des Pleuls mit dem Ende der Hälfte des Taumelelementes außerordentlich klein sind. Dank dieser geringen Relativbewegungen erfahren die Pleuel und die Kolben nahezu keine seitlichen Belastungen, so daß die Pleuel sehr dünn und leicht, einfach und preiswert ausgebildet werden können, wie auch die Verbindung der Pleuel mit dem Kolben einerseits und den Taumelelementen andererseits.Of particular advantage is the fact that due to the guidance of the halves of the wobble elements and their division into two halves, the radial and circumferential relative movements of the articulation of the connecting rod with the end of the half of the wobble element are extremely small. Thanks to these small relative movements, the connecting rods and the pistons experience almost no lateral loads, so that the connecting rods can be made very thin and light, simple and inexpensive, as can the connection of the connecting rods to the piston on the one hand and the wobble elements on the other.

Die Verbrennungskraftmaschine ist gutfür bleifreies Benzin geeignet, da der Druckanstieg nach der Zündung schneller abgebaut wird, als bei konventionellen Motoren, weil die Vergrößerung des Volumens nach beiden Richtungen erfolgt. Die Klopfneigung ist stark vermindert.The internal combustion engine is well suited for unleaded petrol because the pressure increase after ignition is reduced more quickly than with conventional engines because the volume increases in both directions. The tendency to knock is greatly reduced.

Die kaum vorhandene Pleuelauslenkung trägt auch zur Reibungsverminderung bei höheren Drehzahlen bei, da kaum seitliche Kräfte auf die Kolben auftreten. Die Pleuel könnten wegen kaum vorhandener Seitenkräfte aus einfachen Rohren gebildet werden und zur Schmierstoffzuleitung eingesetzt sein.The hardly existing connecting rod deflection also helps to reduce friction at higher speeds, since there are hardly any lateral forces on the pistons. The connecting rods could be formed from simple pipes due to the hardly existing side forces and could be used to supply the lubricant.

Von besonderem Vorteil ist auch der Wegfall von Ausgleichsmassen oder Gegengewichten zum Ausgleichen von Massenkräften ersten Ordnung.The elimination of balancing masses or counterweights for balancing first order mass forces is also of particular advantage.

Bei den Zylinderbuchsen mit den trichterförmig aufgeweiteten Enden kann der Ventilrand durch Aufstauchen eines Rohres gebildet oder durch Auswalzen oder durch Reibschweißen geformt werden.In the case of the cylinder liners with the funnel-shaped ends, the valve edge can be formed by upsetting a tube or formed by rolling out or by friction welding.

Dank der vorerwähnten, kaum spürbaren Pleuelauslenkung können die Kolben größer bzw. mit engeren Toleranzen gestaltet werden als in herkömmlichen Maschinen, so daß Spaltverluste zwischen Kolben und Zylinderlaufbahn gering sind, während die Wärmeübertragung verbessert ist. Der Kolben könnte, falls kein bessere Wärmeübertragung gewünscht wird, so gestaltet sein, daß er nur an den Dichtbereichen Kontakt mit der Zylinderlaufbahn eingeht, wo sich auch Kolbenringe befinden.Thanks to the aforementioned, hardly noticeable conrod deflection, the pistons can be made larger or with tighter tolerances than in conventional machines, so that gap losses between the piston and the cylinder barrel are small, while the heat transfer is improved. If no better heat transfer is desired, the piston could be designed such that it only comes into contact with the cylinder race at the sealing areas, where piston rings are also located.

Da die Zylinderbuchsen in einem großen Bereich in den Zylindern geführt sind und die geringen Pleuelauslenkungen wenig Reibung beanspruchen, ist die spezifische Gleitreibung gering, so daß es ausreicht, mit Thermoöl dort zu schmieren. Es ist dabei auch möglich, eine höhere Motorbetriebstemperatur zu wählen, weil die Wärmeabfuhr sehr günstig ist.Since the cylinder liners are guided in a large area in the cylinders and the small connecting rod displacements require little friction, the specific sliding friction is low, so that it is sufficient to lubricate with thermal oil there. It is also possible to choose a higher engine operating temperature because the heat dissipation is very cheap.

Die Kraftübertragung von der Abtriebswelle zu den einzelnen Zylinderbuchsen bzw. den die Zylinderbuchsen steuernden Nocken könnte auch unmittelbar über Zahnräder oder Planetenräder erfolgen. Ferner wäre es denkbar, eine umlaufende Kette oder einen Zahnriemen zu verwenden, der ausgehend von der Abtriebswelle alle Zylinder umschlingt und dort die Steuerbewegungen zwangsgesteuert auslöst.The power transmission from the output shaft to the individual cylinder liners or the cams controlling the cylinder liners could also take place directly via gear wheels or planet gears. It would also be conceivable to use a revolving chain or a toothed belt which, starting from the output shaft, loops around all the cylinders and there triggers the control movements in a force-controlled manner.

Claims (12)

1. An internal combustion engine comprising four cylinders (3, 4) in an engine housing, arranged concentrically around a central output shaft (2) and parallel thereto, each of said cylinders having two pistons (38) moving in opposite directions and coupled by means of connecting rods (14) with wobble elements (15) arranged on the output shaft and supported on the engine housing against rotating with the output shaft (2), characterized in that each of said wobble elements (15) consists of two one-piece halves (40, 41 ) separated from one another and rotatable relative to each other around the wobble axis (16) of the wobble element (15), which is lying at an angle with respect to said output shaft (2), and supported on a collar (39) which is non-rotatably connected with the output shaft (2), and characterized in that on each of said halves (40, 41) the connecting rods (14) of two diametrically opposite ones of said pistons (38) are supported, and characterized in that each of said halves (40, 41) engages into a single guideway (18), which is parallel to the output shaft (2), of the engine housing.
2. An internal combustion engine as defined in claim 1, characterized in that each of said halves (40, 41) has two arms projecting diametrically with respect to the wobble axis (16), and characterized in that the free end of one of the two arms engages into said guideway (18).
3. An internal combustion engine as defined in claims 1 and 2, characterized in that each of said wobble elements (15) with its appertaining collar (39) is supported so as to be axially displaceable on the output shaft (2), for example by means of a bushing (68) with a coarse-pitch thread (69).
4. An internal combustion engine as defined in claims 1 to 3, charaterized in that each of said connecting rods (14) is supported, near the free end of each arm of each of said halves (40, 41), in a cardan joint (43, 44).
5. An internal combustion engine as defined in any of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the engine housing is divided approximately in the middle of the combustion chambers parting line (5), and characterized in that the guideways (18) for the halves (40, 41 ) of the wobble elements (15) are arranged in the parts of the engine housing.
6. An internal combustion engine as defined in any of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the engine housing is penetrated between the wobble elements (15) by a hollow camshaft (24) surrounding the output shaft (2) and being indirectly driven by said output shaft (2) and being connected through a mechanical positive drive with cylinder jackets (45, 45a) which are axially displaceable inside the cylinders (3, 4) and form inlet and outlet valve elements.
7. An internal combustion engine as defined in claim 6, characterized in that the output shaft (2) is in drive connection with the camshaft (24) through a reduction gear (20 to 23), preferably a gear-wheel drive or a chain drive.
8. An internal combustion engine as defined in claims 6 and 7, characterized in that the ends of each cylinder jacket (45, 45a), which are remote to the combustion chamber, project into a concentric and rotatably supported control ring (28) and are force-connected with said control ring (28) by means of a shifting-gate guide (29, 30) or a coarse-pitch thread, in such a way that a rotational motion of the control ring (28) around the cylinder axis causes a displacement of the cylinder jacket (45, 45a) in the direction of the cylinder axis, and characterized in that there exists a rotational-drive connection between the control ring (28) and the camshaft (24), preferably by means of a cam arrangement.
9. An internal combustion engine as defined in claims 6 to 8, characterized in that the camshaft (24) supports near each of its ends a control cam wheel (34, 25) provided with cams (26), characterized in that the control rings (28) assigned to the cam wheel (34, 25) are provided with counter cams (35) aligned with said control cams (26), and characterized in that spring elements (67) are provided for urging said counter cams (35) continuously against said control cam wheel (34, 25).
10. An internal combustion engine as defined in claim 8, characterized in that the shifting-gate guide (29, 30) consists of at least one groove or slot (29) in the control ring (28), lying at an angle respective to the cylinder axis, and of a follower (30), for example a glide ring, projecting from the cylinder jacket (45, 45a) and engaging into the groove or slot (29).
11. An internal combustion engine as defined in any of claims 6 to 10, characterized in that in each cylinder (3, 4) there is a circumferential expansion (57), and characterized in that the ends of the cylinder jackets (45a) situated in the combustion chamber are enlarged in the shape of a funnel and cooperate with the valve seats (56) formed in the expansion (57) in a poppet-valve-like manner.
12. An internal combustion engine as defined in any of claims 6 to 10, characterized in that the two cylinder jackets of each cylinder (3, 4) form one continuous cylinder jacket (45b) which includes in at least one circumferential row a plurality of passages (59) which are displaceable with the cylinder jacket between a central position (ignition position), in which the passages (59) are sealed by the inner wall of the cylinder, and an inlet and an outlet position, in which they are alternately aligned with inlet respectively outlet guides (7, 8) arranged in the engine housing.
EP85101698A 1984-02-18 1985-02-15 Internal combustion engine Expired - Lifetime EP0153675B1 (en)

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AT85101698T ATE57742T1 (en) 1984-02-18 1985-02-15 COMBUSTION ENGINE.

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DE3405893 1984-02-18
DE3405893A DE3405893C2 (en) 1984-02-18 1984-02-18 Coaxial piston - swash plate - internal combustion engine

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EP0153675A2 EP0153675A2 (en) 1985-09-04
EP0153675A3 EP0153675A3 (en) 1987-08-12
EP0153675B1 true EP0153675B1 (en) 1990-10-24

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EP0153675A2 (en) 1985-09-04
ES8606573A1 (en) 1986-04-16
BR8500839A (en) 1985-10-15
ZA851205B (en) 1985-10-30
IN164626B (en) 1989-04-22
DE3580171D1 (en) 1990-11-29
IE850365L (en) 1985-08-18
US4622927A (en) 1986-11-18
DE3405893A1 (en) 1985-08-22
ES540458A0 (en) 1986-04-16
AU580579B2 (en) 1989-01-19
JPS60216033A (en) 1985-10-29
DE3405893C2 (en) 1986-11-06
ATE57742T1 (en) 1990-11-15
CA1228029A (en) 1987-10-13
HUT41489A (en) 1987-04-28
HU194597B (en) 1988-02-29
AU3876185A (en) 1985-08-22
EP0153675A3 (en) 1987-08-12

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